HERLITZ ANDERS
| US5594738A | 1997-01-14 | |||
| EP0720310A1 | 1996-07-03 | |||
| EP0652680A2 | 1995-05-10 | |||
| EP0462572A2 | 1991-12-27 |
Norin, Klas (Ericsson Radio Systems AB Common Patent Dept. Stockholm, SE)
| 1. | A signal format for enabling power reduction in mobile terminals of wireless communications systems during message transmission over a multiple access channel, comprising: a first portion, said first portion including at least one indication of whether said multiple access channel is busy or idle; and a second portion, said second portion including at least a first value that corresponds to an amount of time remaining until said multiple access channel becomes idle. |
| 2. | The signal format according to Claim 1, further comprising: a third portion, said third portion including at least one indication of whether a message was received in a previous slot. |
| 3. | The signal format according to Claim 1, wherein said second portion further includes at least a second and a third value, wherein each of said second and third values correspond to said amount of time remaining until said multiple access channel becomes idle. |
| 4. | The signal format according to Claim 1, wherein said amount of time is expressed in terms of a number of remaining units until a current message is completely transmitted. |
| 5. | The signal format according to Claim 4, wherein said remaining units correspond to transmission slots on said multiple access channel. |
| 6. | The signal format according to Claim 4, wherein said number is comprised of five bits. |
| 7. | A mobile terminal for implementing power management during multiple access channel acquisition, comprising: means for receiving a random access channel signal; and means for processing said random access channel signal, wherein said means for processing further comprises means for determining whether said multiple access channel is busy or idle; and means for detecting a first number of remaining units for which said multiple access channel will be occupied. |
| 8. | The mobile terminal of Claim 7, further comprising: means for reducing power until said first number of remaining units transpires. |
| 9. | The mobile terminal of Claim 8, wherein said means for reducing power further comprises means for ceasing reception and processing of said random access channel signal. |
| 10. | The mobile terminal of Claim 8, further comprising: means for transmitting an attempt to establish a connection after said first number of remaining units transpires. |
| 11. | The mobile terminal of Claim 8, wherein said means for reducing power is only activated if said means for detecting also detects a second number of remaining units that is identical to said first number. |
| 12. | A base station for enabling mobile terminals to implement power management during multiple access channel acquisition, comprising: means for receiving an attempt to acquire a multiple access channel from a first mobile terminal, said attempt including a first portion of a message to be transmitted to said base station; means for responding to said attempt by transmitting a confirmation; means for receiving a second portion of said message from said first mobile terminal; and means for transmitting a number that corresponds to a time remaining to complete reception of said message. |
| 13. | The base station according to Claim 12, wherein said number is expressed in units of time slots on said multiple access channel. |
| 14. | The base station according to Claim 12, wherein said number is comprised of five bits. |
| 15. | The base station according to Claim 12, wherein said means for transmitting a number further comprises means for transmitting said number in a partial echo field. |
| 16. | The base station according to Claim 12, wherein said means for transmitting a number further comprises means for transmitting a plurality of numbers in order to improve reliability, each number of said plurality of numbers corresponding to said time remaining to complete reception of said message. |
| 17. | A method for reducing power consumption of a mobile terminal in a wireless communications system, comprising the steps of : transmitting in a first slot, by a first mobile terminal to a base station, a first attempt to acquire a multiple access channel uplink, said first attempt including a first portion of a first message; transmitting, by said base station, a confirmation of acquisition by said first mobile terminal of said multiple access channel uplink; transmitting in a second slot, by said first mobile terminal to said base station, a second portion of said first message; and transmitting, by said base station on a multiple access channel downlink, a first time period that represents a duration until said multiple access channel uplink will become available. |
| 18. | The method according to Claim 17, further comprising the steps of : monitoring, by a second mobile terminal, said multiple access channel downlink; and ascertaining, by said second mobile terminal, said first time period. |
| 19. | The method according to Claim 18, further comprising the step of : conserving power, by said second mobile terminal, for the duration of said first time period. |
| 20. | The method according to Claim 19, wherein the step of reducing power further comprises the step of : ceasing monitoring, by said second mobile terminal, of said multiple access channel downlink. |
| 21. | The method according to Claim 18, further comprising the step of : transmitting, by said second mobile terminal to said base station, a second attempt to acquire said multiple access channel uplink after the duration of said first time period, said second attempt including a first portion of a second message. |
| 22. | The method according to Claim 21, further comprising the step of : transmitting, by said base station on said multiple access channel downlink, a second time period that represents the duration until said multiple access channel uplink will become available. |
| 23. | The method according to Claim 17, wherein the step of transmitting, by said base station on a multiple access channel downlink, a first time period that represents the duration until said multiple access channel uplink will become available further comprises the step of : redundantly transmitting a plurality of first time periods to improve reliability. |
| 24. | The method according to Claim 17, wherein the step of transmitting, by said base station on a multiple access channel downlink, a first time period that represents the duration until said multiple access channel uplink will become available further comprises the step of : transmitting said first time period within a partial echo field. |
| 25. | The method according to Claim 17, wherein the step of transmitting, by said base station on a multiple access channel downlink, a first time period that represents the duration until said multiple access channel uplink will become available further comprises the step of : transmitting said first time period in units of slots that remain to complete transmission of said first message of said first mobile terminal. |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Techmcal Field of the Invention The present invention relates in general to the communications field and, in particular, to power management in mobile communications.
Description of Related Art Mobile wireless communication is becoming increasingly important for safety, convenience, and efficiency. One prominent mobile communication option is cellular communication. Cellular phones, for instance, can be found in cars, briefcases, purses, and even pockets. As cell phones have become smaller for improved portability, battery size and weight has become a critical barrier to further cell phone miniaturization. One technique to limit the required size and weight of batteries is to reduce the power demands placed on them. Consequently, cell phone portability (as well as standby and talk time) can be improved through power management.
In wireless communications systems, procedures for establishing communication and transmitting messages between mobile terminals and base stations are defined. For instance, when a mobile terminal wishes to transmit a message or set- up a phone call, the mobile terminal must establish communication with a proximate base station.
Referring to FIGURE 1A, a cell in a mobile communications system is diagramed at 100. In cell 100, two mobile terminals are attempting to establish a connection with a base station 110. A mobile terminal 120 is"attempting to secure a random access channel" (ASRAC) via ASRAC120 to the base station 110, and a mobile terminal 130 is attempting to secure a random access channel via ASRAC 130 to the base station 110 (i. e.,"random"access). The transmission ASRAC120 is received and processed prior to the transmission ASRAC 130 in this example. The phrase"attempting to secure a random access channel"is also termed"attempting to establish a connection" (e. g., with a base station) within this document.
Referring to FIGURE 1B, cell 100 is illustrated where the base station 110 is busy establishing a connection with and receiving a message from the mobile terminal 120. A downlinked control channel message 140 initially includes a response code that corresponds to the mobile terminal 120 and constantly includes information indicating that the base station 110 is busy (e. g., a"B"). Note that for diagrammatical clarity thin arrows represent point-to-point transmissions while thick arrows represent point-to-multipoint transmissions, such as from the base station 110 to all mobiles within cell 100.
The mobile terminal 130 receives and processes the information in the downlink control channel message 140. The mobile terminal 130 must continue to monitor the downlinked control channel message 140 until the busy indication"B"is changed. Unfortunately, this monitoring consumes battery power in the mobile terminal 130. Note that although the mobile terminals 120 and 130 are represented as vehicles, this is primarily to represent their mobility. In fact, the mobile terminals 120 and 130 may be hand-held devices in which battery life is a critical feature to users.
Continuing now with FIGURE 1 C, a cell 100 is illustrated where a base station is idle and available for an attempt to establish a connection with a new mobile terminal. Once the base station 110 has completed the communication with the mobile terminal 120, the base station 110 transmits a downlink control channel message 150 with an idle indication"I". The mobile terminal 130 detects the idle indication"I"and responds with another ASRAC130 to establish a connection with the base station 110.
The mobile terminal 130 can then complete the useful process of transmitting its message.
In contrast to the useful connection establishment and message transmittal procedure diagramed in FIGURE 1 C, the mobile terminal 130 is achieving no useful purpose while it consumes energy in FIGURE 1B. The mobile terminal 130 is monitoring the downlink control channel messages 140 to detect when the indication switches from"B"for busy to"I"for idle. This monitoring consumes power and can last for an extended amount of time when, for example, the mobile terminal 120 in FIGURE 1B is transmitting a lengthy message.
In summary, mobile terminals in the prior art have heretofore been required to expend battery power while monitoring a downlinked communication from a base station when they wish to establish a connection with the base station and the multiple access channel is currently busy.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The system and method of the present invention, which belongs to the field of power management for extending the useful battery life of mobile terminals in wireless communications systems, enables mobile terminals to reduce power while waiting for a shared multiple access channel to become available. In accordance with the present invention, a base station transmits information that indicates the amount of time remaining until a current occupier of the shared multiple access channel will complete its message.
Traditionally, when a second mobile terminal wishes to transmit a message over a shared multiple access channel that is currently occupied by a first mobile terminal, the second mobile terminal constantly monitors the shared multiple access channel downlink in order to detect when the channel switches from busy to idle. This constant monitoring squanders battery power and, therefore, contributes to large battery requirements and unnecessarily reduces the standby and conversation time of the second mobile terminal.
According to the present invention, during a message transmission of the first mobile terminal, the base station transmits, in addition to a busy indication, a number of remaining units that corresponds to the number of units remaining until completion of the first mobile terminal's message. When the second mobile terminal checks the multiple access channel downlink because it wishes to transmit its own message, the second mobile terminal will detect both an idle indication and the number of remaining units.
Consequently, the second mobile terminal can then cease monitoring the channel until the specified number of remaining units has transpired. Afterwards, the mobile terminal can again check the channel to determine whether the channel is indicated as idle. By ceasing the constant monitoring of the multiple access channel
downlink, the second mobile terminal conserves power and thus extends the useful life of the battery.
An important technical advantage of the present invention is that it provides power management features for mobile terminals in wireless communications systems.
Another important technical advantage of the present invention is that it provides power management features for mobile terminals during random access procedures.
Yet another important technical advantage of the present invention is that it transmits durational indicators that inform mobile terminals of the time remaining until completion of a current message transmission procedure.
Yet another important technical advantage of the present invention is that it enables mobile terminals to conserve power while awaiting an idle random access channel by obviating any need to constantly monitor a busy/idle condition.
Yet another important technical advantage of the present invention is that it provides a system and method that can be implemented for new mobile terminals without interfering with the functioning of existing mobile terminals.
The above-described and other features of the present invention are explained in detail hereinafter with reference to the illustrative examples shown in the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the described embodiments are provided for purposes of illustration and understanding and that numerous equivalent embodiments are contemplated herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A more complete understanding of the method and system of the present invention may be had by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein: FIGURE 1A illustrates a cellular communications system wherein two mobile terminals are attempting to establish a connection to the same base station; FIGURE 1B illustrates a cellular communications system wherein a base station is busy receiving a transmission from a mobile terminal;
FIGURE 1C illustrates a cellular communications system wherein a base station is idle and available for an attempt to establish a connection with a mobile terminal; FIGURE 2A illustrates a random access procedure with both uplink and donwlink aspects for the PDC; FIGURE 2B illustrates a downlink signaling format of the air interface standard for the PDC; FIGURE 3 illustrates an improved usage of the E field according to the present invention; FIGURE 4 illustrates an example of a random access control sequence according to the present invention; FIGURE 5A illustrates a cellular communications system in which a first mobile terminal attempts to establish a connection with a base station according to the present invention; FIGURE 5B illustrates a cellular communications system in which the base station is confirming the first mobile terminal's attempt to establish a connection according to the present invention; FIGURE 5C illustrates a cellular communications system in which the base station transmits a number of remaining units in the first mobile terminal's message according to the present invention; FIGURE 5D illustrates a cellular communications system in which the base station transmits a reduced number of remaining units in the first mobile terminal's message according to the present invention; FIGURE 5E illustrates a cellular communications system in which the base station transmits an idle indication according to the present invention; FIGURE 5F illustrates a cellular communications system in which a second mobile terminal attempts to establish a connection with the base station according to the present invention; and FIGURE 6 illustrates in flowchart form a power saving method according to the present invention for use in a cellular communications system when a multiple access channel is occupied.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular circuits, software elements, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known methods, devices, and software code are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention and its advantages are best understood by referring to Figures 1-6 of the drawings, like numerals being used for like and corresponding parts of the various drawings.
Aspects of the air interface for the Personal Digital Cellular System (PDC) of Japan (formerly called the Japanese Digital Cellular System (JDC)) will be used to describe a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring now to FIGURE 2A, a random access procedure with both uplink and donwlink aspects for the PDC is illustrated generally at 200. The random access procedure 200 includes a downlink (DL) random access channel 205 on a first frequency f z and an uplink (UL) random access channel 210 on a second frequency 2. It should be noted that the terms "random access channel"and"multiple access channel"are used interchangeably within this document.
The random access channels 205 and 210 are slotted as shown in FIGURE 2A.
The slots are numbered to represent individual channels within DL and UL random access channels 205 and 210. These individual numbered channels are interleaved so that a mobile terminal (or mobile station (MS)) receives information at different times than it transmits information. For example, each individual number"1"channel/slot in the DL channel 205 is offset from the corresponding individual number"1" channel/slot in the UL channel 210. Each individual numbered channel/slot in the DL channel 205 contains information regarding the busy/idle state of the corresponding individual numbered channel/slot in the UL channel 210.
When a mobile terminal wishes to transmit data to the cellular network, it can monitor the DL random access channel 205 and can subsequently use the UL random access channel 210. The mobile terminal first receives and processes a slot on the DL
channel 205. For example, the mobile terminal may receive the bolded DL"0"slot 215. In this DL"0"slot 215, as preferably in every DL slot of the DL channel 205, a specific field will indicate the busy/idle state for the corresponding UL channel 210 slot, specifically the underlined DL"Q"slot 220 in this example.
If the state is idle, the mobile terminal starts to transmit the first piece of information in the underlined DL"Q"slot 220 (i. e., the mobile terminal"attempts to secure the random access channel'0"'or"attempts to establish a connection"with the base station). Subsequently, the mobile terminal will try to confirm that it has secured the UL"0"channel/slot by receiving and processing the next DL"0"slot 225. The mobile terminal will compare a downlinked partial echo (PE) to a PE that it has calculated, as is explained in greater detail below. If the PEs match, then the mobile terminal knows that it has been granted the UL"0"channel/slot and may transmit the remainder of the information in its message while other mobile terminals are blocked out from the UL"0"random access channel. This procedure will be termed "acquisition or securement of a random access channel"in this document.
Referring now to FIGURE 2B, the downlinked signaling format 230 for the control physical channels (CPCH) of the air interface standard for the PDC is illustrated. The downlink signaling format 230 is composed of 280 bits that are divided into seven different fields as pictured in FIGURE 2. The fields are further explained in Table 1. Field Abbreviation Definition Bit Length Guard time for burst transient R 4 response P Preamble 2 Control signal (PCH, BCCH, SCCH, 112 CAC 112 UPCH) SW Synchronization word 20 CC Color Code 8 E Collision control bits 22 Table 1. (downlink signaling format 230)
The control signal fields (CAC) can be occupied by any of the Paging Channel (PCH), Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Single Cell Signaling Channel (SCCH), or User Packet Channel (UPCH).
The UPCH is a channel that can be used to transfer user packet data. The uplinked UPCH is a random access type. The SCCH is a channel that can be used for transmitting information between the network and mobile units. It is used, for example, by a mobile terminal in response to a page by a base station, or by a mobile terminal to access the system for a call origination or network registration. The uplinked SCCH is also a random access channel type. The PCH and the BCCH are defined for the PDC standard, but they are not particularly germane to the present invention and will not be explained in detail here so as not to obscure the present invention.
The UPCH is used for packet data transmission in the PDC; the UPCH carries both control signals and user data. The SCCH is used for circuit switched calls (e. g., voice and fax) in the PDC and carries only control signaling. Both the UPCH and the SCCH use the same air burst format and the same random access control scheme, namely the ICMA-PE. The ICMA-PE is the open channel control random access method with partial echo that is used in the PDC. The initiation of a connection, or the attempt thereof, (e. g., the attempt to secure a random access channel for message transmission) is described above with reference to FIGURE 2A. The UPCH and the SCCH will be referred to as"random access channels" (RACs) below; however, the term"random access channel" (RAC) should not be considered as limited to the UPCH and the SCCH only.
Continuing with the description of the downlink signaling format 230 of FIGURE 2B, the E field 235 contains 22 collision control bits, as indicated in Table 1 above. An exploded view of the E field 235 is diagramed at a detailed E field 240.
The three fields of the detailed E field 240 are further explained in Table 2.
Field Abbreviation Definition Bit Length Idle/Busy Set Set to Ones if the Uplink RAC is 1/B Idle; Set to Zeros if the Uplink 3 RAC is Busy. Received/NotReceived Set to Ones if a Message was R/N Received; Set to Zeros if a 3 Message was Not Received. PartialEcho Set to Zeros if Channel is Idle or No Message was Received; Set to the CRC value Computed from a 16 PE Received Message Otherwise.
Table 2. (detailed E field 240) The I/B field 245 is set to"000"when the base station 110 (as shown in FIGURE 1B) is engaged in establishing a connection with and receiving a message from the mobile terminal 120. The"0"digit is repeated for redundancy to ensure proper reception by the mobile terminals within cell 100. The I/B field 245 is set to "111"when the base station 110 (as shown in FIGURE 1C) is idle, and the mobile terminal 130 can attempt to establish a connection.
The R/N field 250 is set to"000"when a message was not received by the base station 110 in the previous slot, and to"111"when a message was received by the base station 110 in the previous slot. The redundancy of the digit indication in the R/N field 250 is also to enhance reliability.
The PE field 255 is set to all zeros by the base station 110 if the channel is idle or no message was received (see, e. g., FIGURE 1 C). If a message was received on a previous uplinked RAC, the detected and checked cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits from the RAC message that was received from the mobile terminal 120 are used as a partial echo (PE) in the downlink transmission.
As an example, the mobile terminal 120 transmits an RAC uplink ASRAC120 in FIGURE 1A to the base station 110. This RAC includes a message from which the 16 CRC bits are computed. The downlinked control channel message 140 from the base station 110 in FIGURE 1B includes the detailed E field 240. The I/B field 245 will be set to"000"to signify to other mobile terminals (e. g., the mobile terminal 130) that the base station 110 is busy. The R/N field 250 will be set to"111"because a message was received (from the mobile terminal 120) in the previous slot. The PE field will be set equal to the CRC bits computed from the message received from the mobile terminal 120. From the R/N field 250 and the PE field 255, the mobile terminal 120 will realize that it can continue its transmission without any further checking.
The base station 110 continues its transmission of an I/B field 245 that is equal to"000"until the transmission by the mobile terminal 120 is complete. The base station 110 subsequently begins transmission of an IB field 245 that is equal to"111," which informs the mobile terminal 130 that it can transmit via an uplinked RAC the ASRAC130 to establish a connection (as shown in FIGURE 1C). With the system and method of the present invention, the mobile terminal 130 can conserve battery power by ceasing monitoring of the downlinked control channel while the downlinked control channel is occupied.
In order to implement a preferred embodiment of the invention, the downlinked E-field 235 (of FIGURE 2B) is modified. Specifically, the PE field 255 includes additional information subsequent to a confirmation downlink slot that follows a connection establishment attempt. Referring to FIGURE 3, a modified E field is illustrated at 300. The I/B field 245 and the R/N field 250 remain unaltered from the PDC standard. The 16-bit PE field 310, however, is modified. After a base station transmits a confirmation response, which includes the computed 16 CRC bits, to a connection attempt, the PE field 310 differs from a conventional PE field.
The PE field 310 is divided into three 5-bit Remaining Units (RU) fields 320, 330, and 340 and one 1-bit extra field 350. Each RU field corresponds to the time remaining until the current message is completed. Each RU field can be set to the number of units remaining to complete transmission of the current message.
Preferably, each unit represents one slot in the time division multiple access (TDMA)
protocol of the PDC. Notably, the RU field is repeated three times to ensure reliability. Furthermore, a mobile terminal preferably receives two equivalent RU fields 320,330, or 340 before relying on the RU value.
Although the 16th bit, the 1-bit extra field 350, is shown after the 15 bits which are composed of the three RU fields 320,330, and 340, it is to be understood that the 1-bit extra field 350 can precede the other 15 bits within the 16-bit PE field 310. In fact, the 1-bit extra field 350 can be placed anywhere within the 16 bits, such as between the RU field 320 and the RU field 330. Furthermore, the RU fields can be different bit lengths; for example, each RU field can be 4-bits with an extra 4-bit field.
The illustrated 5-bit length of RU fields 320,330, and 340 is a preferred embodiment.
Referring to FIGURE 4, an example of a random access control sequence according to the present invention is illustrated at 400. The downlinked physical control channel 410 (from, e. g., the base station 110 of FIGURE 1, where FIGURE 1 incorporates the features of the present invention) represents repeated transmissions of downlink signaling format 230. The E field 235 is specifically denoted in the downlinked physical control channel 410. It should be noted that the downlinked physical control channel 410 uses a three-time-slot TDMA format in this embodiment.
Hence, only every third E field 235 is relevant; the other E fields 235 belong to other channels.
Because both the mobile terminal 120 and 130 have data to send, they will each search for an idle RAC channel before starting the transmission. Each mobile terminal 120 and 130 will then transmit an ASRAC120 and ASRAC130, respectively, to attempt to establish a connection. Subsequently, each will examine the R/N field 250 and the PE field 255 to confirm that the message unit was correctly received by the base station 110. If a mobile terminal's message was not received, then it waits for an idle RAC to retransmit the message.
In FIGURE 4, both the mobile terminal (or station) 120 (MS120) and 130 (MS 130) have a message to transmit. These messages consist of four (4) bursts on the RAC, in this example. At (X), the RAC uplink is idle, which is indicated by the I/B field 245 in the detailed E field 240 on the downlinked control channel slot 435. Both mobiles start transmission of their respective connection attempts ASRAC120 and ASRAC130.
At O, the base station 110 receives only the connection attempt ASRAC120 from the mobile terminal 120 uncorrupted. The base station 110 responds accordingly by setting the following indications in the detailed E field 240. The I/B field is set to busy; the R/N field is set to message received; and the PE field is set to the CRC value computed from the first part of the message transmitted in the connection attempt ASRAC120 received from the mobile terminal 120.
At Q), the mobile terminal 120 receives and processes the downlinked control channel slot 440. The mobile terminal 120 detects that the PE field 255 contains the CRC from the first part of the message transmitted in the connection attempt ASRAC 120 that it transmitted. This PE field 255, together with the busy and received indications from the I/B field 245 and the R/N field 250, respectively, indicates to the mobile terminal 120 that it should continue transmitting its four-burst message. The mobile terminal 120 transmits the second of its four bursts at (X). The unit being transmitted by the mobile terminal 120 (as well as the number of units remaining to be transmitted) is denoted above the transmission arrow indications in FIGURE 4.
As a further illustration of the RU fields 320,330, and 340 (of FIGURE 3) in actual use, their values in this example of FIGURE 4 will be described. The RU fields 320,330, and 340 are set equal to two (2) in the downlinked control channel slot 445 after the CRC confirmation in the downlinked control channel slot 440. In the next slot (the downlinked control channel slot 450), the RU fields 320,330, and 340 are set equal to one (1). In the downlinked control channel slot 455, the PE field 255 returns to the standard zeros to correspond to the idle condition.
Meanwhile, the mobile terminal 130 inhibits its own transmissions in response to the downlinked control channel slot 440 at (a). Furthermore, in response to the RU fields 320,330, and 340 in the downlinked control channel slot 445 at 3), the mobile terminal 130 ceases receiving and processing the downlinked physical control channel 410 in order to conserve power and therefore extend battery life. Thus, the mobile terminal 130 is not wasting battery power by constantly attempting to detect a change from the busy to the idle condition in the I/B field 245. Other mobile terminals at 6 may likewise save power by ceasing reception and processing for RU-1 time slot units.
Although mobile terminal's 120 message was relatively short (four bursts in this example), it can be considerably longer. For example, with respect to short message
services (SMS) and packet data in the PDC, messages can contain up to 18 units (bursts). Thus, the ceasing of reception and processing period effectively extends standby and conversation time.
At oxo and @), the mobile terminal 130 transmits its third and fourth units (a second middle unit and the last unit). At (O, the I/B field 245 in downlinked control channel slot 455 indicates that the channel is idle again. The mobile terminal 130 (or another mobile terminal) may then make a connection attempt ASRAC 130 to the base station 110 to establish a connection. It should be understood that the power saving features of the present invention are particularly advantageous when UL transmissions are composed of three or more units. When only two units are sent, the first includes the CRC information. The second E field 235 then relates the idle information, so the receiving mobile terminals may attempt to establish a connection thereafter. With three units to be transmitted, on the other hand, the first downlinked echo includes the CRC information, the second relates that one (1) unit remains to be transmitted, and the third relates the idle information.
Referring now to FIGURES 5A-5F and 6, a further elaboration of a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be explained by way of example. In FIGURES 5A-5F, a cell 500 includes a base station 510, a mobile terminal 520, and a mobile terminal 530. These mobile terminals 520 and 530 are represented as hand- held phones, as contrasted by the vehicles in FIGURE 1, to accentuate the need for power management techniques that lengthen battery life and thus extend stand-by and conversation time.
The base station 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a memory unit 514.
The mobile terminal 520 includes a processing unit 522 and a memory unit 524, and the mobile terminal 530 includes a processing unit 532 and a memory unit 534. The processing units 512,522, and 532 in conjunction with the memory units 514,524, and 534 enable the cellular communications system to implement the defined features of the PDC standard as well as those features of the present invention.
In FIGURE 5A, the mobile terminal 520 wishes to establish a connection with the base station 510. The mobile terminal 520 transmits a connection attempt ASRAC520 to attempt to acquire a multiple access channel. This connection attempt ASRAC520 can be the first unit of a Link Access Procedures for Digital Mobile
channels (LAPDm) frame in the PDC system. FIGURE 5A corresponds to Step 610 of the flowchart 600 of FIGURE 6, wherein the mobile terminal 520 is represented by "MT1".
In FIGURE 5B, the base station 510 transmits a downlinked control message 540 that includes a busy indication"B", a received indication"R", and the CRC bits calculated from the first part of the message transmitted in the connection attempt ASRAC520 (e. g., the PE field 255 of FIGURE 2B). Note that a thick arrow represents the downlinked transmission because it is intended for reception by all interested mobile terminals in cell 500 (i. e., a point-to-multipoint transmission). A thin arrow, on the other hand, represents a point-to-point transmission. The downlinked control message 540 is received by the mobile terminal 520. The mobile terminal 520 checks for the"R"indication and, if"R"is detected, for the CRC of the unit the mobile terminal 520 sent. The mobile terminal 520 realizes that it has secured the random access channel. FIGURE 5B corresponds to Step 620, which explains that the base station ("BS") confirms receipt of the connection attempt from the"MT1".
In FIGURE 5C, the mobile terminal 520 can begin sending the remaining units of its LAPDm frame 520'without checking for permission any further. The base station 510 continues sending the busy indication"B"in a downlinked control message 550. Furthermore, the base station 510 begins transmission of the remaining units"RU1"in the LAPDm frame 520'of the mobile terminal 520. This part of FIGURE 5C corresponds to Steps 630 and 635, wherein"RU1"is represented by the "Time Remaining".
Next, the mobile terminal 530, wishing to acquire the random access channel by establishing communication with the base station 510, monitors the downlinked control channel and receives the downlinked control message 550. The busy indication"B"and the number of remaining units"RU1"of another mobile's transmission are detected by the mobile terminal 530. The mobile terminal 530 ceases monitoring the downlinked control channel in order to conserve battery power. It ceases monitoring for"RU1"time units. This aspect of FIGURE 5C corresponds to Steps 670 and 675 of FIGURE 6, wherein the mobile terminal 530 is represented by "MT2".
In FIGURE 5D, the mobile terminal 520 continues transmitting the remaining units of its LAPDm frame 520'without checking for permission any further. The base station 510 continues sending the busy indication"B"in a downlinked control message 560. Furthermore, it begins transmission of the remaining units"RU2"in the LAPDm frame 520'of the mobile terminal 520."RU1"and"RU2"are unspecified variables. For example, if the message of the mobile terminal 520 contains 12 units and the downlinked control message 550 of FIGURE 5C occurs one time slot after the downlinked control message 540 of FIGURE 5B, then the value of"RU1"is 10 units.
The value of"RU2", therefore, may be between 9 and 1 units depending on the duration between the events of FIGURE 5C and those of FIGURE 5D.
In other words, in mathematical terms, the number of remaining units"RU2" is an updated number of units where"RU1-RU2"equates to the number of units that have been transmitted by the mobile terminal 520 between the downlinked control message 550 and the downlinked control message 560. This aspect of FIGURE 5D corresponds to Step 640. If, in contrast to the description above with respect to FIGURE 5C, the mobile terminal 530 had not wanted to establish a connection until FIGURE 5D, then the mobile terminal 530 would have detected the number of remaining units"RU2"in Step 670 and would have ceased monitoring for"RU2" units of time in Step 675. In this instance, the"Time Remaining"in Steps 670 and 675 would represent"RU2"and correspond to the"Updated Time Remaining"in Step 640.
In FIGURE 5E, the mobile terminal 520 has completed all of the units of its LAPDm frame 520', and the base station 510 begins sending the idle indication"I"in a downlinked control message 570. This part of FIGURE 5E corresponds to Steps 650 and 655. Additionally, the mobile terminal 530 has waited for the"RU1"time units ("RU2"if the downlinked control channel was first monitored during FIGURE 5D, or"Updated Time Remaining"as denoted in Step 640 of FIGURE 6) to transpire and thus increases power. The mobile terminal 530 increases power to begin monitoring the downlinked control channel and receives the idle indication"I"in the downlinked control message 570. This aspect of FIGURE 5E corresponds to Step 680 of FIGURE 6.
In FIGURE 5F, the mobile terminal 530 transmits a connection attempt ASRAC530 to establish a connection with the base station 510. FIGURE 5F corresponds to Step 660. In summary, by ceasing reception and processing of the downlinked control channel, the mobile terminal 530 is able to save power and therefore extend battery life. Advantageously, standard mobile terminals can still function in the cell 500, which includes the enhanced E field features of FIGURE 4, but they will ignore the"RUx"/" (Updated) Time Remaining"transmissions and consequently continue to constantly monitor the downlinked control channel.
The method of the present invention can be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, etc. For example, the software modules already located in base stations can be updated or new ones can be introduced to provide the features of the present invention, and the firmware or hardware in new mobile terminals can also incorporate the features of the present invention. Furthermore, mobile terminals with modifiable control code, whether the code is realized in software, firmware, insertable hardware cartridges, etc., can be updated to provide the power management features of the present invention.
Whether the invention is implemented in software, hardware, or firmware, the control code can be stored in any type of computer-accessible memory, e. g., permanent or modifiable, volatile or nonvolatile, solid-state or not, fixed or removable media, etc. Also, the memory can be, e. g., programmable array logic (PAL), random access memory (RAM), programmable read only memory (PROM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), magnetic, optical, digital versatile disk (DVD), etc. It should be noted that the present invention has a myriad of practical applications. For example, it extends the battery life of mobile terminals in communications systems.
Although a preferred embodiment of the invention includes modifications of the PE field 255, it should be noted that other fields within the PDC standard can be used to provide the remaining units information. Additionally, note that the term mobile terminal is inclusive of, for example, mobile stations and mobile computers with wireless links.
Furthermore, although exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented in terms of the PDC standard, it is equally applicable to all wireless
communications systems that rely on random access procedures. This is particularly true for systems that rely on random access procedures to gain control of shared, multiple access channels such as, for example, the pan-European Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), etc. Modifications necessary for implementing the present invention in conjunction with other wireless communications systems will be apparent to routineers once they have read and understood the teachings of the present invention.
Although a preferred embodiment of the method and system of the present invention has been illustrated in the accompanying Drawings and described in the foregoing Detailed Description, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiment disclosed, but is capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth and defined by the following claims.