Technical Field

The present invention relates to a house. The term "house" is used here to identify a living unit of any shape and for any application.

Background Art

Construction industry errects houses with use of conven¬ tional materials and construction technique. One of the main problems is to erect houses with a very high speed, with low costs, and at the same time sufficient service life. Exist¬ ing houses possess some disadvantages in the sense of the requirements which are mentioned hereinabove. In condition of increasing demand for housing throughout the world, the speed of construction and the cost of houses are of great importance. All known houses have walls, floors, ceilings, etc., which are connected with one another in a complicated way and always with use of special connecting and fastening elements. This increases the cost of manufacture and assembling of such houses and makes their erection rather difficult.

Disclosure of the Invention

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention

to provide a house which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method of making a house, which avoids the disad¬ vantages of the prior art.

More particularly, it is an object of the present inven¬ tion to provide a house and a method of making the same, in accordance with which the house has a relatively low costs, can be erected fast, and has a sufficient service life.

In keeping with these objects and with others which will be apparent hereinafter, one feature of the present invention resides, briefly speaking, in a house in which a floor ele¬ ment, a ceiling element and wall elements have engaging formations formed so that said elements can be connected with one another by interengagement of the respective formations in form-locking manner.

Brief Description of the Drawing

The details of the invention will be described in connec¬ tion with the accompanying drawing, in which

FIG. 1 is a front view of a house in accordance with the present invention,

FIG. 2 is a view showing a section of the inventive house taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 is a view showing a section taken along the line III-III in FIG. 1,

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a floor element of the inventive house,

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a front wall of the inventive house,

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a side wall of the inventive house,

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a ceiling of the inventive house,

FIG. 8 is a view showing a section of a roof of the in¬ ventive house,

FIG. 9 is a view showing a portion of a wall with con¬ necting members, and part of a coating to be connected to the wall of the inventive house,

FIG. 10 is a view showing the ceiling element of the inventive house in accordance with another embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of the floor elemen ,-

FIG. 12 is a view showing another embodiment of the wall corner area, and

FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the floor area of the house.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

A house in accordance with the present invention is shown in a front view in FIG. 1, in a side view in FIG. 2, and in a plan view in FIG. 3. The house has a floor identi¬ fied by reference numeral 1, two long side walls identified by reference numeral 2, two short side walls identified by reference numeral 3, a ceiling identified by reference numeral

4, and a roof identified by reference numeral 5.

Each of the walls 2 and 3 is composed of two wall por¬ tions identified by reference numerals 2' and 3' respectively, and spaced from one another so as to define a hollow space therebetween. A filling material is accommodated in this hollow space. The wall portions can be composed of fiber¬ glass, plastic, styrofoam, pressed wood, aluminum sheets and other materials. The filling material can be mud, soil, slug, cement, industrial waste and other materials. A binder can be added to the filling material, but is not absolutely neces¬ sary. The filling material which fills the hollow spaces inside the side walls 2 and 3 is identified with reference numerals 2" and 3", respectively.

The above mentioned parts of the inventive house are provided with engaging formations arranged so that the part ^' s can be connected with one another.in a form-locking manner. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the floor 1 has projections 6, wherein the long side walls 2 have recesses in which the pro¬ jections 6 engage. These recesses can be formed by down¬ wardly open hollow spaces between the wall portions 2'. On the other hand, if the hollow spaces between the wall portions 2' are closed from below, special recesses can be provided for engagement of the projections 6 into the same. The same is true with respect to the short side walls 3. The floor 1 is provided with projections extending along its short sides, and the short side walls 3 have recesses in which these projections engage.

It is to be understood that other solutions for the above described form-locking connection between the side walls and the floor is possible. For example, the floor 1 can be provided with grooves, while the side walls 2 and 3 can be provided with projections engageable in such grooves.

It is also possible to have projections on some side walls engageable into grooves of the floor, and grooves in other side walls for engagement by projections of the floor.

The side walls 2 and 3 also have formations for their connection with one another. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the long side walls have projections 7 extending normal to the direction of elongation of the respective long side wall.

Each of the short side walls has recesses as its two ends facing the long side walls. The projections 7 of the long side walls 2 engage into the recesses of the short side walls

3 in form-locking manner. It is to be understood that the short side walls can be provided with the projections, whereas the long side walls can be provided with recesses. It is also possible to provide some short walls or long walls with the projections, and other short walls or long walls with the recesses.

The ceiling 4 has a projection 8 extending downwardly from the former. The projection 8 can run along the entire contour of the ceiling 4 and is formed so that when the side walls 2 and 3 are assembled with each other and the ceiling

4 is fitted from above onto the upper edges of the side walls 2 and 3, the projection 8 tightly embraces the walls and

holds them together so that they cannot move apart from one another. The ceiling 4 is also provided with a projection

9 extending upwardly from the former. The projection 9 can also extend over the entire contour of the ceiling and is formed so that when the roof 5 is placed onto the ceiling, the projection 9 tightly embraces the roof 5 thus preventing its displacement in a horizontal direction.

The ceiling 4 together with the projection 8 and 9 can be formed as a one piece member. It is however also possible to form the ceiling 4 separately and to then attach to it two vertical members each forming one of the projections 8 and 9, or one vertical member which simultaneously forms two pro¬ jections, as shown at the left side of the ceiling in FIG. 2. Similarly, the side walls 2 and 3 can be formed of one piece with their projections, or alternatively by two separate parts as shown in broken lines in the left lower corner in FIG. 3. Finally, the projections of the floor 1 can also be formed by separate parts attached to the floor. FIGS. 4 and 5 show the projections formed by separate parts attached to the floor and the long side walls.

As can be seen in FIG. 6, partitions 10 can be provided inside the wall portions of the respective side walls to con¬ nect the wall portions with one another and to subdivide the hollow inner space into a plurality of compartments. The partitions 10 can be of one piece with the wall portions or formed by separate parts. The partitions are provided with through opening 11 to facilitate filling of the hollow spaces by the filling material.

FIG. 8 shows the roof 5 of the inventive house. It is composed, for example, of three portions 5'. The side roof portions can be connected with the bottom roof portion by a flexible hinge formed by an intermediate section 5" of a reduced cross section. The two side roof portions can be connected with one another, for example, by a conventional hinge including alternating loops 12 provided in these por¬ tions and a pin 13 insertable into the loops. The roof 5 is shown in a working or elevated position. When the pin 13 is withdrawn, the portions 5' can be folded so that the roof becomes substantially flat for transportation and storage as shown in broken lines in FIG. 8. The roof ceiling and floor can be subdivided in direction of their width into a plurality of portions which can be assembled by interengaging projec¬ tions and grooves. This makes convenient their transportation in tunnels, low structures, etc.

FIG. 9 shows that the inventive house can be provided with a coating. For this purpose the walls can have hooks 14, and parts 15 of the coating can be hung on the hooks by their recesses. The coating can be formed as aluminum siding, plastic siding, wooden coating, etc. It is to be understood that other methods of connecting the coating with the walls are also acceptable.

The window and door frames can be formed of one piece with the respective walls as identified by reference numerals 15 and 16. However, it is also possible to make these frames as separate parts and later insert the same into the respective

openings of the walls. This is identified by reference numeral 15' in FIG. 3. When the wall portions of the respec¬ tive walls are separate parts to be connected with one another, the hollow space between the wall portions can be closed by end pieces as identified by reference numeral 17. The wall portions can also be connected with one another by pin-like connecting elements 18.

The house in accordance with the present invention can be erected in the following manner. The construction begins with digging a deep trench. Then the floor is installed and the walls are lowered and engaged with the floor and with each other in form-locking manner with the aid of the respective engaging formations. At this stage, a part of soil or rocks and then soil will be placed in the middle of the house and leveled about one foot below the door-saddle. This soil is placed inside the house in a wetted condition, preferably with the aid of a cement mixer. When the soil has dried sufficiently and the floor has settled, a floor cover is put in place and secured. Sand or other material is filled into the remaining space and tiles or other floor cover is placed to the saddle level of the door. Then, another portion of the soil is prepared in the mixer and poured into the hollow spaces in the walls of the house. The soil is allowed to dry before placing the ceiling onto the walls. Then the ceiling is placed onto the walls, and the roof is placed onto the ceiling if necessary. Thus, all parts of the house are prefabricated, they are brought to a con-

struction site, assembled with one another in form-locking members, the hollow walls are filled with the filling material, and their outer surfaces can be coated. Windows, doors, toilets, kitchen fitting, etc. are also prefabricated.

The parts of the house can also be formed with extensions which form verandas, balconies, etc.

The thus designed and made house is inexpensive, simple in construction, easy to manufacture and construct at the site. It can resist floods, winds, earthquakes, to some extent fires, extreme heat, and extreme cold..

FIG. 10 shows a ceiling element in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. The ceiling element identified with reference numeral 4' is provided not only with the projection 8 on its upper surface, but also with a plurality of projections 19 which are arranged on its upper surface and are formed similar to. he projections 6 on the floor element. The projections 19 are located inwardly of the projection 8. When such a ceiling element 4 ¹ is placed on the walls and retains them from moving in a horizontal plane, another set of similar walls can be placed onto the ceiling element and their spaces can be engaged over the projections 19. Thereby, at least two-story house can be built. With the ceiling elements 4' houses of many stories can be built as well.

As in the house shown in the previous Figures, and also in the multi-story house, all the elements of the house are connected with one another with engaging projections and grooves, so that additional connecting and fastening elements

are not needed.

As can be seen from the drawing, gaps are provided between the projections 6 of the floor element 5. These gaps are very important since the filling material in such con¬ structions fills the spaces between the wall portions of each wall to the upper surface of the projections, but also move downwardly into< the gaps to the upper surface of the floor. After solidification of the filling material in the spaces inside the walls and in the gaps between the projections, the connection of the walls with the floor becomes firmer and more reliable.

FIG. 1 shows that the gaps between projections 6' of a floor 1' can be formed with a cross section increasing towards the floor, possibly of a dove-tail shape.. When the filling material solidifies in the thus formed gaps, the con¬ nection becomes further firmer.

FIG. 12 shows on an enlarged scale the lower right corner of FIG. 3. Here the projection of one wall is formed with lateral protrusions 21, and the groove of the neighbor¬ ing wall is formed with corresponding recesses 20. This pro¬ vides an undercut preventing withdrawal of the walls from one another after assembling. Such formations make the connec¬ tion especially strong. When the walls are formed of plastic, fiberglass and other elastic materials, the protrusions 21 can elastically yield during assembling and transverse engage¬ ment of one wall into the other. With the rigid materials for the walls, when the protrusions are not yieldable, the

walls are assembled with one another by sliding the projec¬ tions into the grooves from the end of the grooves along the latter.

FIG. 13 shows a further modification of the floor area of the inventive house. The walls are provided with an addi¬ tional formation 22 which forms an additional groove 23. An additional floor plate 24 are further provided. It has a projection 25 engaging into the groove 23 of the wall at the respective side. The house is arranged in the ground down to the level of the floor plate, so as to be firmly anchored in the ground. Sand or another material can then be placed onto the floor plate, and on the top of the sand layer a floor covering can be provided. A ballast 26 fills the space under the plate. The house in accordance with the invention provide for a possibility to be inexpensively manufactured and then assembled easy and inexpensive in any area. It can be built with or without, its roof, floor plate and other features, It can be one- or multi-story, it uses local materials as a filler. It is assembled as easy as a shoe box or a toy house.

The invention is not limited to the details shown since various modifications and structural changes are possible without departing from the invention.