| JP51126980 | COMPOSITES FOR HEAT ACCUMULATOR MATERIAL |
| JP58117954 | HEAT EXCHANGER FOR POWDER PARTICLES |
| WO/1992/018815 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TAPPING AND CONVERTING THERMAL ENERGY |
Oszaul, Pavlo Alekszandrovics (Koszmicsna u. 118/G, Zaporozsje, UA)
Gontar, Vjacseszlav Alekszandrovics (Hajlat u. 9, Budapest, H-1221, HU)
Hliva, L�szl� (S�p u. 15, Kistarcsa, H-2143, HU)
Oszaul, Pavlo Alekszandrovics (Koszmicsna u. 118/G, Zaporozsje, UA)
Gontar, Vjacseszlav Alekszandrovics (Hajlat u. 9, Budapest, H-1221, HU)
Hliva, L�szl� (S�p u. 15, Kistarcsa, H-2143, HU)
Danubia (Patent and Trademark Attorneys, P.O.B. 198, H.1368 Budapest, HU)
| 1. | Process for transforming and utilizing vacuum energy in liquids where the liquid is kept in forced flow, in the liquid steam bubbles are formed by cavitation effect, then the steam bubbles are exploded by collision and the liquid is heated by the released heat energy c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y dividing the liquid following the cavitation zone into a phase without any steam bubbles and a phase rich in steam bubbles circula ting the liquid in one spiral at least, circulating the rich phase in the inside of the phase gotting destitute of steambubbles then colliding them, following the col lision separating the cold phase at least partly, flo wing it back, mixing it into the liquid before and/or behind the cavitation zone while conveying on and utili zing the hos phase. |
| 2. | Way of execution of the process as per claim 1. c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y increasing the dynamic pressure of the flow of liquid by twirling, increase of the flow speed and change of direction. |
| 3. | Way of execution of the process as per claims 1. and 2. c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y regulating the quantity of the released thermal energy by modifying the extent of twirling, flow speed and change of direction or the place of collision. |
| 4. | Equipment for the execution of the process as per claims 1. to 3. c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y being divi ded into a cavitation, a parting and a collision zone where the entrance of the cavitation zone is a blastpi pe /5/ connected to the pressure stub of a pump, a cone /8/ a whirlbody /10/ with dented surface and spiral shaped blading as well as an adjusting disc /11/ being built in the cavitation zone, in the parting zone being at least one inset /22/ formed as a cylinder spiral, the collision zone having a bumper /20/ adjusted to be moved in axial direction, on the one hand it being coupled bach before and/or behind the cavitation zone by a cir cuitous line, on the other hand it being connected di rectly or through a utilizing system to the suction stub of the pump. |
TECHNICAL FIELD Subject of the invention is a process for utilizing va- cuum energy in liquids, where the liquid is kept under forced flow, steam-bubbles are formed in the liquid, then they are exploded by collision and the thermal-e- nergy thus released will heat the liquid, further equip- ment for carrying out the process.
BACKGROUND ART Theoretical scientists s attention had been engaged with the questions of the inner energy of liquids as well as the exploration and exploitation of same from the first part of the 19 th century on.
The practical realization took place much later, accor- ding to our knowledge the first patent in this subject was registered in France in the year 1931 under No. 743111.
Science is still owing us the exact explanation of the cavitation effect though several publications have been issued. To quote examples may we mention the articles "Physical Effects in Rotational-Gravitational Space" by
Obuhov-Pronin and "Theory of the Physical Vacuum" by Si- pov (Viniti No 107 of 1991 resp. No. 243 of 1993). Cavitation effect will cause some of the components of flow-technical machines working in liquids to be damaged in a very short time - e.g. wheels of pumps of hydro-e- lectric generators as well as screw-propellers - owing to erosive effect. Constructors therefore are expected to avoid the formation of cavitation centres in the li- quid flowing along such components.
Our aim with the suggested solution of this subject is just the opposite: to from steam-bubbles of microscopic size from a part as big as possible of the circulated liquid by way of cavitation, by using equal or nearly equal energy for circulating.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Task of the invention is to elaborate a solution suitab- le for increasting the calorimetric efficiency and for a smooth inner regulation of the process.
According to the invention the problem is solved by par- ting the liquid into a phase free of steam bubbles and a phase rich in steam-bubbles by circulating the liquid in one spiral at least following the cavitation zone. The
rich phase is circulated in the inside of the phase get- ting destitute of steam-bubbles then it will be colli- ded, following the collision the cold phase will be se- parated at least partly, flowed back and before and/or behind the cavitation zone it will be mixed into the li- quid, while the hot phase will be conveyed on and utili- zed.
At one variant of the process the dynamic pressure of the liquid-flow is increased by twirling, increase of the flow-speed and change of direction.
At an other variant of the process the quantity of the released thermal energy is regulated by modifying the extent of twirling, flow-speed and cahnge of direction or the place of collision.
The essence of the equipment is as follows: it is divi- ded into a cavitation-, a parting and a collision-zone where the entrance of the cavitation zone is a blast pi- pe connected to the pressure stub of a pump, a cone, a whirl-body with dented surface and spiral-shaped blading as well as an adjusting disc are built in the cavitati- on-zone, in the parting-zone there is at least one inset formed as a cylinder-spiral, the collision-zone has a bumper adjusted to be moved in axial direction, on the one hand it is coupled back before and/or behind the ca- vitation zone by a circuitous line, on the other hand it
is connected directly or through a utilising system to the suction stub of the pump.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following we will detail the invention with the help of the drawing. On the drawing Fig. 1. is the sketch of the trial specimen of the ther- mo-transformer Fig. 2. shows the view from above of the whirl-disc Fig. 3. shows the view from above of the twirl-disc Fig. 4. shows half-segment of the thermotransformer, specimen applied in practice Fig. 5. shows block schema of the equipment serving the heating system Fig. 6. is the block-schema of the equipment built into the bioler appliance.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In Fig. 1. we show the sketch of the trial specimen of the 1 thermo-transformer as per the invention in half- view half-segment.
In the cylindrical 2 casing of the 1 thermo-transformer two further components are placed coaxially: the 3 divi- ding cylinder and 4 reactor-cylinder.
In the upper part of the 2 casing as entrance-stub there is a 5 confusor and a 6 pocket connected to the pressu- re-stub or the pressure line of the pump not shown on the drawing. On the upper part of the 5 confusor there is a 7 circle of borings.
In the 6 pocked, by the way of the 8 dial fixed on the lower edge the 9 conic figure, the lo whirl-dial and 11 twirl-dial are coaxially fixed with the 2 casing.
The 9 conic figure is formed as a "mushroom" shaped body, "head" of which is suitably an obtuse-angled cone, axial segment of the "them" resembles to the flow of a blast-pipe. In the closing plane of the "stem" there is a conic 12 seat.
Formation of the lo whirl dial and the 11 twirl-dial will be presented in due course by Fig. 2. and Fig. 3.
Base of the dividing cylinder is united with a threaded 13 spincle, the edge of the open upper end is pressed with this 13 spindle on the 8 dial. Superficies of the 3 dividing cylinder is conducted solidly as to gas and li- quid with the bottom step of the 2 casing in the zone next to the base. On the superficies of the 3 dividing cylinder, suitably in the height of the bottom plane of the 4 reactor-cylinder there is a 14 circle of borings.
On the base of the 3 dividing cylinder suitably near to the 13 spindle there is a second 15 circle os borings.
Edge of the open end of the 4 reactor cylinder is pres- sed on the 10 whirl-dial with the 13 spindle. The 11 twirl-dial is gripped between the 4 reactor cylinder and the 10 whirl-disc. The 13 spindle is put through a the- readed 16 jack joined to the base of the 2 casing.
On the superficies of the 4 reactor-cylinder, immedia- tely along its open edge there is a first, 17 circle of borings, along its base there is a second 18 circle of borings. On the base of the 4 reactor-cylinder there is a third 19 circle of borings.
A 20 c ollision rod with an inverse conic head is adjus- ted in the boring of the 13 spindle. The collision rod is movable in axial direction. The axial position of the 20 collision rod is determined by an adjusting device not shown in the drawing.
A 21 dividing ring placed between the plane of the 18 circle of borings and the head of the 20 collision rod is built into the 4 reactor-cylinder. A 22 rotatory belt formed as an inner thread-profile is fixed on the inner superficies of the 4 reactor-cylinder between the 17 circle of borings and the 21 dividing ring.
The 23 outlet stub communicating with the ring zone de- termined by the base of the 3 dividing-cylinder is pla- ced on the bottom step of the 2 casing.
In Fig. 2. the view from above of the 10 whirl-dial is shown. The 10 whirl-dial has two 24 nipples, with these it is propped on the lower plane of the "head" of the 9 conic figure when built into the 1 thermo-transformer.
In the 10 whirl-dial there is a concentric flow-boring.
From the inlets formed between the 24 nipples and the 9 conic figure, along the spiral lines a 26 "positive" channel there is an 27 indentation consisting of reverse teeth in the sense of the flow of liquid.
In the frane of the patetnt protection of our patent application on the one hand 10. whirl-dial may have more than two 24 nipples and several 26 channels per inlet, on the other hand "positive" and "negative" elements si- milar to 26 channels in shape and indentation may be shaped on the surface of the 9 conic figure and on the opposite inner superficies of the 6 pocket from the peak to the edge of the conic superficies.
In Fig. 3. the view from above of the 11 twirl-dial is shown. Outer diameter of the 11 twirl-dial is less or suitably-with machinetechnological adjustment - equals to the inner diameter of 8 dial. A concentric 27 oflow
is shaped in the 11 twirl-dial. Diameter of the arch- shaped gap of the 28 flow suitably equals to the diame- ter of the 25 flow-boring. In the 28 flow two 29 wings are shaped, bent in the same direction as the plane of the 11 twirl-dial. In the frame of the patent protection of our patent application the 11 swirl-dial may have one or in case of a large 28 flow more than two 29 wings.
Functioning of the trial equipment as per the invention is as follows: The liquid entering the 1 thermo-transformer accelera- ting in axial direction in the 5 confusor collides on the superficies of the 9 conic figure while the directi- on flow changes by approx 60 °, then in the 6 pocket, with a further change of direction of nearly 180 ° it enters the zone of the 10 whirl-dial. Here, flowing bet- ween the 26 channels it accelerates further, while col- liding with the 27 dentition its static pressure decrea- ses in jerks, degree by degree, continually, to the det- riment of the static pressure otherwise remaining beside the increasing dinamic pressure from the speed increase when pressed. In enters the 4 reactor-cylinder with a third change of direction of approx. 120 ° in the 25 flow-boring of the 10 whirl-dial along the "stem" of the 9 conic figure. During the third change of direction the 29 wings of the 11 twirl-dial turn the particles of the
liquid round their direction of flow as an axis, finally the static ressure of the flowing liquid is decreased in jerks by the 12 seat in the "stem" of the 9 conic figu- re.
From the point of view of the process as per the inven- tion the essence of the operation method of the 1 ther- mo-transformer is the change of the static pressure of the flowing liquid partly by the increase of speed - he- re the change is steady - but mostly by changes of di- rection and collisions in series - here the change is in jerks, pulsing. As a result of this a considerable cavi- tation effect takes place in the liquid, extending al- most to the whole volume. Consequently a homogenous mix- ture of liquid-steam-microbubbles enters the 4. reactor- cylinder. This mixture will be separated into a liquid- and a steam-microbubbles phase, then the bulk of the steam-microbubbles phase will be liquidated and changed again into liquid. Heat originates during the phase- change which increases the temperature of the liquid- phase. We do not know any exact, scientific explanation for this phenomenon.
In the 4 reactor-cylinder the mixture of liquid and ste- am-microbubbles is twirled in a way similar to a centri- fugal machine by the 22 rotary belt. The centrifugal force originating from the rotary movement forces the heavier particles of the liquid to the superficies of
the 4 reactor-cylinder while the bulk of the steam-mic- robubbles remain inside the "thick-walled" liquid pipe taking shape. As a matter of course steam-microbubbles remain in the liquid-phase too.
The steam-microbubbles flowing coaxially downwards col- lide with the conic head of the 20 collision rod, turn into liquid again which is heated by the heat origina- ting .in the course of the process. The smaller part of the quantity of heat is heating the liquid-phase flowing along the superficies and the 1 thermotransformer. The quantity of the colliding steam-microbubbles i.e. the quantity of the originating heat can be regulated smo- othly by the smooth alteration of the hight of position of the 20 collision rod.
Following the collision a further system of two phases is flowing on between the superficies of the 4 reactor- cylinder and the 20 collision rod. Inside concentrically a hot phase of liquid without any steam-microbubbles, outside a cold phase of liquid containing steam-micro- bubbles. These are separated mechanically by the 21 se- parating ring which conducts the hot phase of liquid through the 19 circle of borings into the zone between the 3 dividing-cylinder and the 4 reactor cylinder. From here the hot phase of liquid goes through the 15 circle of borings into the ringed zone of the 2 casing then le-
aves the 1 thermotransformer through the 23 outlet stub.
The 21 separating ring conducts the cold phase of liquid containing steam-microbubbles through the 18 circle of borings into the cylindrical zone between the 3 divi- ding-cylinder and 4. reactor cylinder. Here a selection takes place again. The lighter phase richer in stem-mic- robubbles flows upwards in the cylindrical area and gets back into the 4 reactor-cylinder through the 17 circle of borings. The heavier phase with less steam-microbubb- les mixes through the 14 circle of borings with the li- quid going into 1 thermotransformer.
In Fig. 4. we show the detailed drawing of 1 thermo- transformer as per the invention, specimen applied in practice. We apply the reference signs figuring in Figu- res 1-3. even if the construction of the component ref- fered to differs, but its destination or operation is the same. The differences will be made known.
At this variant only the 4 reactor-cylinder is placed coaxially in the 2 casing of the 1 thermotransformer.
The "head" and "stem" of the 9 conic figure are two separate, assembled components. The "head" is formed as double cone. The 21. separating ring is protracted in the direction of the axis, further it is put together from a 30 pipe and four straight 31 conducting plates placed circular-symmetrically. The 21. separating ring
is propped on the 32 double flow-insertion. The 23 out- let stub is coaxially connected to the axial boring of the 32 double flow-insertion.
The operation of the execution-variant applied in prac- tice equals to the trial specimen as to producting the mixture of homogenous liquid - steam microbubbles.
We have found that for heat generation it is sufficient to collide the bulk of the steam-microbubbles with the inner wall of the 30 pipe of the 21 parting ring, the smaller part with the 31 conducting plates along the outer wall of the 30 pipe.
The hot phase of liquid without any steam-microbubbles leaves the 1 thermotransformer through the axial channel of the 32 couble flow-insertion and the 23 outlet stub joined to it.
The cold phase of liquid containing steam-microbubbles is conducted by the outer edges of the 31 conducting plates of the 21 separating ring through the radial bo- rings of the axial channel of the 32 double flow-inser- tion and the 18 circle of borings of the 4 reactor- cylinder. From here the cold phase of liquid gets back to the 4 reactor-cylinder through the 17 circle of bo- rings.
At the variant of the 1 thermotransformer shown in Fig.
4. we have refrained from the inner smooth regualtion of the heat output. The reason of this is the considera- tion that on the one hand the automatization of such an- regulation would need considerable technical expenditu- re, on the other hand the requirements towards the hea- ting systems make the periodical operation of the 1 thermotransformer possible when keeping the temperature between two given limit values. In this case the 1 ther- motransformer can work under the previously set optimal conditions.
In Fig 5 we show the block schema of the equipment ser- ving the heating system as per the invention. The pres- sure pipe of the 33 pump built together with an electric engine is connected to the inlet stub of the 1 thermo- transformer. The 34 hot pipe of the heating system is connencted to the outlet of the 1 thermotrasformer, whi- le its return 35 cold pipe is connected with the suction stub of the 33 pump. The 34 hot pipe and the 35 cold pi- pe are linked by a 36 bridge. 37, 38 and 39 stop-valves are built in the pipes, one in each pipe. 40 compensator tank of the heating system is fixed in the 36 bridge.
The 41 thermostat placed in the heated zone and the sa- fety 42 double thermostat built into the 43 hot pipe are plugged electrically in the 43 steering automatism of the heating system. The outlet of the 43 steering auto- matism is elctrically connected with the engine of the
33 pump. The 1 thermotransformer is the same as the one shown in Fig. 4. We have not sketched the radiators, valves etc. built into the heating system.
Essence of the operation of the equipment is to keep 37 and 38 stop-valves shut and to keep the 39 stop-valve open at the start until the 1 thermotransformer gets into constant oparating stage. Then we open 37 and 38 valves and close the 39 stop-valve and thus the whole heating system is put into operation.
In Fig. 6. we show the variant built into the 44 boiler appliance of the equipment as per the invention. The construction of this differs from the variant shown in Fig. 5. only as far as its 33 pump is a diver pump and its 35 cold pipe is fixed into the 44 boiler appliance.
The operation of the two equipments is perfectily the same.
The most imprtant advantage of the solution as per the invention is - and this is confirmed in pracitice - that the inside temperature of a house with average heat in- sulation can be kept between 18 - 24 C as prescribed in the arcitectural engineering standard with an outside temperature of - 20-22 C ° with a specific electricity comsumption of 1,0-1,5 C W/m3.
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