OLM LEELO (SE)
WIKEN JAN-ERIK (SE)
| SE8306139A | ||||
| US4213821A | 1980-07-22 | |||
| US4363700A | 1982-12-14 |
TAPPI, Vol. 53, No 8, August 1970, P.E. SHICK: "High-Yield Pulping Process for Coniferous Woods, p. 1451-1457
| 1. | A process at the manufacture of pulp from wood with sulphite cooking liquor containing additions of sulphide in the presence of a quinonoide or hydroquinonoide com¬ pound, for example anthraquinone, benzoquinone, naphtho quinone or 1,4 dihydro 9,10 dehydrox anthracene, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the mole ratio between sulphide and sulphite, calculated as Na^S and, respectively, a2S0 , amounts to 0,01 0,2, preferably 0,05 0,15, suitably 0,08 0,12. |
| 2. | A process as defined in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d i n that the digestion is terminated before the kappa number 50 has been arrived at. |
| 3. | A process as defined in claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the delignification is continued in a subsequent step, for example with alkali, sulphite cooking liquor or alkali and oxygen gas. |
| 4. | A process as defined in the claims 1 3, c h a r ¬ a c t e r i z e d i n that the quinonoide and, res¬ pectively, hydroquinonoide compound is added in an amount of 0,010,20%, calculated on the wood amount. |
This invention relates to the making of cellulose pulp by processing wood or similar cellulose-containing start¬ ing material with alkalic sulphite cooking liquid cont¬ aining small amounts of sulphide in the presence of anthraquinone or similar quinonoide substances. Accord¬ ing to the invention, the cooking liquid consists of sodium sulphite, anthraquinone and small amounts of sulphide. The cooking liquid, in addition, may include sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. The process is charachterized in that the mole ratio between sulphide and sulphite is in the range 0,01 - 0,2.
The present invention can be used in existing pulp mills (in sulphite pulp mills on sodium., basis as well as in sulphate pulp mills). The amount of evil smelling com¬ pounds formed, however, is substantially smaller than at conventional sulphate digestion. The sulphate pulp mill, however, must be provided with (known) equipment for converting sulphide to sulphite. The invention renders it possible to manufacture pulp with good strength, similar to that of sulphate pulp, from different types of wood and in different yield ranges. The pulp, besid¬ es, is easy to bleach.
During the last decade, the sulphite process has become attractive again, due to the fact, that the recovery problems have been solved, and that it is now possible to manufacture pulps similar to sulphate.
Previously, two new digestion processes have been devel¬ oped, viz. neutral sulphite - AQ and, respectively, alkalic sulphite - AQ, for the manufacture of high-yield pulps and pulps for bleaching. The division into neutral
and alkalic sulphite is based mostly on the different digestion chemicals being charged, viz. Nβ p SO, and Na CO, in neutral sulphite, and Na-SO, and NaOH in alkalic sulphite. The pH-intervals (cold pH) for these digestion types, however, overlap. Neutral sulphite digestion normally is carried out at cold pH 12,5, and alkalic sulphite digestion in the pH-range 10 - 13*5. The greatest advantages of the sulphite - AQ process over the sulphate process are the substantially higher yield - -viojϊ for high-yield pulps and ^ 7% for fully bleached pulps - and the smaller amounts of evil smell¬ ing substances formed. The disadvantages are that, irres¬ pective of the anthraquinone addition, the deliginific- ation proceeds slower, the digesting time at maximum dig¬ estion temperature is longer, and a higher digestion chemical addition, compared with the sulphate process, is required for digestion to a certain kappa number. The slightly lower strength does not seem restrictory for the process.
The process according to the present invention shows all the advantages of a sulphite - AQ process. The amount of evil smelling substances assumeϋly is slightly higher, but still is on a much lower level compared with the amount of evil smelling substances formed at the sulphate process.
The sulphite-sulphide process heretofore has interested a few researchers. Peckham and van Druven investigated 1 61 the sulphite process with Na-basis for the entire pH-range. The investigation also included two sulphite- sulphide processes. The results showed that the solving- -out of lignin as well as the viscosity and strength of the pulp depended strongly on the composition of the cook¬ ing liquid (sulphite-sulphide-alkali). Similar results
were obtained at a later date by Hinrichs in Sv. Pappers- tidning 73 (1973), No 5:122 and 7β (1973), No 5:182. He was the only researcher who had studied in greater detail the SS-process (for high-yield pulps, kappa number 50). According to Hinrichs, the optimum liquid composition for obtaining the highest possible polymer¬ ization degree was 28% Na 2 S0, and 12? a 2 S (all calculat¬ ed in NaOH on wood) and with MaOH and the Na ≥ CO,-charge 0% - Hinrichs made his eperi ents at high liquid:wood ratios (6:1) and at very high total chemical charges ( t->s 10 mol Na/kg wood) .
A. Teder and P.Johansson have published in STFI-Kontakt, No 5,1978, that AQ accelerates the solving-out of lignin during an SS-digestion. The pulp was also at this invest¬ igation treated with an SS-cooking liquid where the sulph¬ ide-sulphite ratio was on a substantially higher level compared with the process described according to the invention.
The present invention relates to a process for the manuf¬ acture of chemical pulp where together with anthraquinone small amounts of sodium sulphide are added to the sulph¬ ite cooking liquor. Owing to the sulphide addition, the solving-out of lignin increases, and the digesting time at maximum digestion temperature, and therewith also the steam consumption, can be reduced. Furthermore, also the demand on chemicals decreases. An addition of sodium sulphide corresponding to a mole ratio between sulphide and sulphite of the magnitude 0,01-0,2 is sufficient. The necessary sulphide amount can be obtained easily, for example by directing a small amount of green liquor past the apparatus where sodium " sulphide is converted to sodium sulphite solution. The amount of evil smell¬ ing substances formed at the digestion with the aforesaid cooking liquor is substantially smaller than at convent¬ ional sulphate digestion.
The process according to the invention offers advantages over alkalic sulphite with or without anthraquinone in respect of delignification, and over the sulphate digest¬ ion in the entire kappa number range in respect of yield, but is especially advantageous at kappa numbers exceeding 40-50. The pulps manufactured with high kappa numbers, however, advantageously can be delignified to lower kappa numbers in an additional delignification step of the type digestion with pure alkali, oxygen gas in alkali, etc.
The invention hereinafter will be called MSS-AQ process, where MSS means mini-sulphite-sulphide digestion, i.e. sulphite-sulphide digestion with low sulphide charges.
In the following some examples of the invention are described.
Example 1
300 g pine chips was charged into a 2-litre autoclave. The autoclave was evacuated for 30 minutes whereafter the cooking liquor was sucked in. The liquor:wood ratio was -4,5:1. Pressure impregnation with 0,5 MPa N p -press- ure was carried out for 30 minutes.
The composition of the cooking liquor for MSS-AQ digest¬ ion and reference digestion were as follows:
Cooking a 2 S0 3 Na 2 S NaOH AQ ■ liquor
Digestion as mole Na/kg % on wood type wood
MSS-AQ 7,36 0,6-4 0,15
Sulphite _.■ -AQ 8,00 - 0,15
Conv.sulphate - 2,0 3,0
The digesting time until maximum digestion temperature, 170°C, was 100 minutes (from 70°C).
After completed digestion, the pulps were washed and refined in an Asplund refiner for 30 seconds at 20°C.
The digestion results are shown in the following Table,
Digestion type Time at Kappa number Yield 170°C mm
MSS-AQ 160 46 55,2
Sulphite-AQ l6θ 92 66,8 Conv. sulphate 80 45 47,5
Example 2
Digestion type as in Example 1.
The coσking : liquor composition was as follows:
Cooking N a 2 S0 3 Na 2 S NaOH AQ liquor mole Na/kg wood on wood
Digestion type
MSS-AQ 5,52 0,48 0,15
Sulphite-AQ 6,00 0,15 Conv.sulphate 2,0 3,0
The digestion results were as follows:
Digestion type Time at 170 C Kappa number Yield min %
MSS-AQ 90 68 61,8
MSS-AQ 100 57 59,7 Sulphite-AQ l6θ 99 71,3 Conv. sulphate 65 66 51,6
Example 3
Digestion type as in Example 1. No anthraquinone was added.
The cooking liquor composition was as follows:
Cooking Na 2 S0 3 Na 2 S NaOH AQ liquor mole Na/kg wood % on wood
Digestion type
MSS-AQ 7,0 1,0 0,15 Sulphite-AQ 8,0 0,15 Conv. sulphate 2,2 3,4
The digestion result was as follows:
Digestion Time at Kappa Viscosity Yield type 170°C number dm 3 /kg % mm
MSS-AQ 160 42 1590 53,5
Sulphite-AQ 160 84 68,5
Conv. sulphate 75 46 1256 51,0
The conventional SS-digestions with high sulphide pro¬ portions do not yield the above effect - rapid delign¬ ification at low alkalinity.
Example 4
A comparison between MSS-AQ and so-called conventional SS-AQ.
Digestion type as in Example 1.
The cooking liquor composition was as follows:
Cooking Na 2 S0, Na 2 S AQ liquor mole Na/kg wood % on wood
Digestion type
MSS-AQ 7,0 1,0 0,15 SS-AQ 4,0 4,0 0,15
The digestion result was as follows:
Digestion Time at Kappa number Yield time 170°C % min
MSS-AQ 160 42 53,5 SS-AQ 160 55,2 51,7
The invention is not restricted to the Examples described above, but can be varied within the scope of the invention idea.
Next Patent: SUCTION DUCT ON A LITTER COLLECTION VEHICLE