STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

{0002} Atmospheric air is a composite of nitrogen and oxygen in the ratio of about 4:1 in volume.

{0003} Nitrogen oxides are formed by reciprocating internal combustion engines. The two most common and hazardous nitrogen oxides are nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen oxides have tremendous harsh effect on environment.

{0004} Nitrogen oxides react with substances in the atmosphere forming acid rain which have harsh effects on living world and wildlife environment.

{0005} Minimizing Nitrogen oxides from IC engine application leads to healthier innocuous and inoffensive environment for the living world and wildlife.

{0006} IC engines efficiency alone ranging between 15 to may be 30 %. More than 70% of the energy losses to the surroundings.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

{0007} This invention has cross-reference to PCT/IB2021/050467 dated Jan 21 , 2021 , titled “a process to minimize nitrogen oxides emitted from gas turbine exhaust duct applications and maximizing gas turbine efficiency” and the content of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD

{0008} The invention focuses on all type of reciprocating internal combustion engines fueled by petrol, diesel, gas, or any other fuel and, to minimize nitrogen oxides emitted and maximize their efficiency, and will be referred to as IC engine for this invention.

BACKGROUND

{0009} The atmospheric air is a composite of about 4 units nitrogen and 1 unit oxygen. Nitrogen oxides are formed by IC engine. The two most common and hazardous nitrogen oxides are nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen oxides have tremendous harsh effect on environment. Minimizing Nitrogen oxides from IC engine application leads to healthier innocuous and inoffensive environment for the living world and wildlife.

{0010} Minimizing nitrogen oxides emitted from IC engine applications and maximizing their efficiency achieved by replacing the normal air intake filter by Oxygen filters (OF) as shown in Fig.1 to allow only oxygen into the IC engine, where the oxygen filter OF capacity is to fulfil the IC engine capacity and requirements.

{0011} The expelled nitrogen is substituted by steam above saturation point and safety factor generated by heat exchanger H installed at IC engine exhaust as shown in Fig.1. {0012} The heat exchanger H is to convert the fed water W into steam above saturation point fed into IC engine inlet duct after OF. The generated steam to mix with oxygen admitted by OF before entering the IC engine.

{0013} A temperature controller is required to ensure that steam admitted into the IC engine is above than the saturation point. A safety factor of 10 - 20 degrees to be applied.

{0014} A feed water flow controller to control valve V admitting feed water W into heat exchanger FI in proportion to IC engine speed.

Invention advantages:

1- {0015} Minimizing Nitrogen oxides from IC engine application leads to healthier innocuous and inoffensive environment for the living world and wildlife.

2- {0016} Maximizing IC engine efficiency improves IC engines fuel consumption.

3- {0017} The admitted steam specific volume equals 1 .5542 the specific volume of expelled Nitrogen. This leads to further IC engine efficiency enhancement.

4- {0018} The specific volume of Oxygen is 1.154 of the expelled specific volume of Nitrogen. This also leads to further IC engine efficiency enhancement.

5- {0019} Each one unit of Oxygen drawn into the IC engine need be mixed with 4 units of steam, so the 5 units of oxygen admitted into the IC engine requires 20- unit volume of steam. This improves IC engine efficiency at least by 5 times the normal efficiency.

6- {0020} Converts most of IC engine applications loses energy into useful energy.

Short denote of the invention.

{0021} Maximizing IC engines efficiency and minimizing nitrogen oxides emitted and consequences is achieved by replacing the inlet air filters by Oxygen Filters OF as shown in Fig.1 .

{0022} The installation of Fleat exchanger H, at IC engine outlet exhaust to heat the fed water to produce steam above saturation point safety factor.

{0023} The produced steam above saturation point is to be fed into IC engine inlet duct after oxygen filter OF.

{0024} The specific volume of generated steam substituting atmospheric nitrogen equals 1.5542 the specific volume of expelled Nitrogen. This leads to further IC engine efficiency and enhancement.

{0025} The specific volume of Oxygen replacing the expelled nitrogen is 1.154 of the specific volume of Nitrogen, leading to further IC engine efficiency enhancement.

{0026} This invention converts most of IC engine applications loses energy into useful energy. Description of the known state of the art.

{0027} Atmospheric air is a composed of Nitrogen and oxygen and are combusted into 1C engine applications forming Nitrogen oxides. The most common and hazardous nitrogen oxides are nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide.

{0028} Nitrogen oxides react with substances in the atmosphere forming acid rain which threatening living world and wildlife environment.

{0029} Moreover, 1C engines efficiency usually, low between 15 to may be 30%. More than 70% of the energy lost to the surroundings. Maximizing IC engines efficiency improves fuel consumption and leads to healthier innocuous and inoffensive environment for the living world and wildlife.

Description of the objective to be fulfilled by the invention.

{0030} The invention is to maximize IC engines efficiency and improves fuel consumption and minimize the formation of Nitrogen Oxides.

Description of one specific example or embodiment of the invention.

{0031} For an IC Engine, and from first-law of thermodynamics:

In put Power for IC Engine Q = m Cp (Ti - To)

Where:- m = total mass of air and fuel Kg = mf + ma ma : air mass ms : steam mass

Cp = Air Specific Heat at constant pressure

Ti = Inlet Temperature

To = Outlet Temperature

{0032} Therefore, Q is directly proportional to m

Using OF 5 units of oxygen will be available for the IC engine applications.

This requires 20 units of steam to keep the ratio of 4:1

Therefore

{0033} Q for air IC Engine - 5 Cp (Ti - To).

If Oxygen is only introduced into IC engine than 5 Oxygen units available.

Steam required is 20 units.

{0034} Therefore m = 25 units.

Q for Oxygen IC Engine = 25 Cp (Ti - To).

Moreover

{0035} The specific volume for Oxygen = 1 .145 of Nitrogen.

The specific volume for steam = 1 .5542 of Nitrogen.

Therefore

{0036} Q for Oxygen IC Engine =

1 .154 ^* 5 + 1 .5542 ^* 20 Cp (Ti - To)

= 36.854 Cp (Ti - To).

Therefore

{0037} Actual Q for Oxygen IC Engine = 36.854 Cp (Ti - To).

Q Oxygen/Q air =7.37 times. Description of the realization of the objective.

{0038} The objective to be fulfill by the invention is to minimizing nitrogen oxides emitted from 1C engine applications and maximizing 1C engine overall efficiency.

{0039} The atmospheric air is a composite of about 4 units of nitrogen and 1 unit oxygen. The normal air intake filter to be replaced by Oxygen filters (OF) to allow only oxygen into the IC engine. The capacity of OF is to allow 5 units of oxygen alone to fulfill IC engine requirements.

{0040} Four units of generated steam required mix with each one unit of oxygen drawn by IC engine. Therefore, minimum 20 units of steam required to mix with the 5 units of oxygen to ensure good combustion at IC engine.

Implementation requirements: -

1- {0041} Installation of Oxygen Filtration (OF) to replace the standard Air Filter.

2- {0042} Installation of heat exchanger FI at IC engine exhaust to raise the temperature of the feed water to steam above saturation safety factor.

3- {0043} Feed water W to be controlled by controlled valve V to ensure that steam generated.

4- {0044} The generated steam is to be directed to IC engine inlet duct after OF to mix with Oxygen before admitted into the IC engine.

5- {0045} A controlling system to control the process is to be adopted to control feed water into the heat exchanger and steam temperature to ensure it is always above saturation point safety factor.

Brief description of drawings

{0046} Fig. 1 Represents invention diagram to minimize Nitrogen oxides emitted from IC engine applications and maximizing IC engine efficiency, showing Oxygen Filter (OF), IC engine (EN), Fleat Exchanger (FI), Control Valve (V), IC engine feed water (W) and the generated steam directed to IC engine inlet duct after OF.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

{0047} The objective of the invention is to minimize nitrogen oxides emitted from IC engine applications and maximizing IC engine overall efficiency.

{0048} In IC engines applications huge amount of air consumed, and air is a composite of nitrogen and oxygen in the ratio of about 4:1 . Where the 4 units of nitrogen is to be replaced by generated steam above saturation point safety factor.

{0049} This is achieved by replacing the IC engine standard air intake filter by Oxygen filters (OF) to allow only oxygen into IC engine. The capacity OF is to fulfil IC engine capacity requirements, that is to allow 5 units of oxygen alone into IC engine.

{0050} Four units of steam required to mix with each one unit of oxygen to replace the expelled units of atmospheric nitrogen. Therefore 20 units steam required to mix with the 5 units of oxygen drawn by the IC engine to ensure good combustion at IC engine. {0051} A heat exchanger H to be installed at IC engine exhaust as shown in Fig.1 . to convert the fed water W into steam above saturation safety factor.

{0052} Feed water W control valve V to control feed water flow into heat exchanger H to generate steam required to be fed into IC engine inlet duct after OF.

{0053} The generated steam to mix with oxygen before entering the IC engine in the ration of 4:1 steam to oxygen to maximize IC engine efficiency.

{0054} Since specific volume of water is 1 .5542 of Nitrogen specific volume, then the required steam flow rate can be reduced to 20 / 1.5542 = 12.8683 unit/min, but for higher efficiency the 20 units of steam can be admitted into the IC engine.

{0055} The generated steam is to be adjusted to attain best IC engine efficiency.

{0056} The IC engine can be started without steam. This alone improves the IC engine efficiency compared to Nitrogen, as the specific volume of Oxygen is 1.154 of Nitrogen. The admission of steam will further improve IC engine efficiency.

{0057} If 20 units of steam admitted into the IC engine, its efficiency can be 6 times the normal efficiency using atmospheric air, as specific volume of steam is 1.5542 of atmospheric air.

{0058} A controlling system to adopted to control feed water W fed into the heat exchanger H, and generated steam temperature is always above saturation point safety factor and to control IC engine overall efficiency.