DE4100068C1 | ||||
SU1289823A1 |
CLAIMS
1) "PROCESS OF OBTAINING INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC ABSORBENT
WITH AQUATIC PLANTS AND APPLICATION WAY", especially of an
organic material to be used preferentially in the sorption of chemical components
harmful to the environment in terrestrial or aquatic leaks or even in the flowing
treatment, characterized by being obtained from several goods and families of
plants, that cultivated or collected of their habitat are properly clean with an
appropriate solution and submitted to the drying, and such plants have as
common particularity the fact of they possess a porous capillary structure what
checks to the product odd characteristics.
2) "PROCESS OF OBTAINING INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC ABSORBENT
WITH AQUATIC PLANTS AND APPLICATION WAY", according the
claim 1 , characterized by the grinding of the plants in sizes from 5 to 15 mm,
through a pick developed for this purpose; after that is made an alkaline
hydrolysis; for then to take place a pre-drying in natural greenhouse; made the
pre-drying an intermediate drying is accomplished in ventilated greenhouse
among 35° C and 60° C; for then to give the final drying in ovens among 60° C
and 100° C; properly drought the grinding is accomplished in crusher developed
for this purpose and, finally it is made a classification through sieves. 3) 'PROCESS OF OBTAINING OF ABSORBENT ORGANIC
INDUSTRIAL WITH AQUATIC PLANTS', according to the claim 1,
characterized by the using of
Table 1. Aquatic Macrofits of the Jijoca pond of Jericoacoara, Ceara. Forms of Life of Rooted Plants: AT = amphibious tolerant to the drought, FF = with flotation leaves, IS = with vegetative parts completely submerged.
Family
Gender/Species Vernacular name Form of life EAC Register
ALISMATACEAE
Echinodonis tenellus (Mart.) Buchen. lino d'agua AT 24693
BURMANNIACEAE
Burmannia capitata Mart. AT 30244
CHARACEAE
Chara sp. alga AT 4868
CONVOLVULACEAE
Ipomoea asaralifolia Poir. salsa-da-praia AT 29510
CYPERACEAE
Bulbostylis ef. hirtella (Thunb.) Svenson capim-barba-de-bode AT 33121
Cyperus agregatus (Willd.) Endl. junco AT 31.123
Cyperus amabilis (Vahl AT 29335
Cyperus ligularis L. tiririca AT 29346
Eleocharis off. geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult. junquinho AT 29336
Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunth junquinho AT 29552
Eleocharis barrosi Svenson junquinho AT 31095
Eleocharis elata Boeck. junco-de-cangalha AT 29338
Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Rbem. & Schult. junquinho AT 29550
Eleocharis mutata (L.) Roem. & Schult. junco-tres-quinas IS 31120
Eleocharis sellowiana Kunth junquinho AT 31096
Eleocharis sp. I junquinho IS 31044
Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br. tiririca AT 29334
Fuirena umbellata Rottb. capim AT 31118
Kyllinga vaginata Lam. AT 29343
Pycreus polytachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv. AT 29553
Rhyncospora cyperoides Mart. tiririca AT 29557
Rhuncospora riparia Boeck tiririca AT 29545
Scleria hirtella Sw. AT 31091
FABACEAE
Indigofera hirsuta L. anileira AT 29511
Neptunia plena (L.) Benth AT 29512
Stylosanthes angustifolia Vog. vassourinha AT 29529
Zornia latifolia Sm. AT 29526
GENTIANACEAE
Schultesia guyanensis Malme mata-zombando AT 29514
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Utricularia adpressa Salzm. ex. A. St. HiI. & Girardi AT 30245
Utricularia trichophylla Spruce ex. Oliver IS 29549
LOGANIACEAE
Spigelia anihelmia L. lombrigueira AT 29498
MALVACEA
Pavonia cancellata Cav. malva-rasteira AT 29499
Sida anomala A. St. HiI. AT 29516
MENYANTHACEAE
Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze lirio-ήgua FF 29523
NYMPHAEACEAE
Nymphaea lasiophylla Mart. & Zucc. ninfέia FF 29546
Numphaea rudgeana G.F.W.Mey. ninfέia FF 30216 4) "APPLICATION WAY", according to the claim 1, characterized for, to be
applied in:
• Absorbent Cushion: Dimensions = 0,40 x 0,45 m - Absorption of up to 6
liters of oil.
• Tubular Absorbent Bar: Dimensions = 0,10 x 1,5 O m - Absorption of up to
6,5 liters of oil.
• Sack (in bulk): Content = 36 1 - Absorption of up to 24 liters of oil.
• Flowing treatment in bulk, compressed between denser materials as, for
instance, sand. |
"PROCESS OF OBTAINING INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC ABSORBENT
WITH AQUATIC PLANTS AND APPLICATION WAY"
BRIEF PRESENTATION
The present request of Patent of Invention relates to the "PROCESS
OF OBTAINING INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC ABSORBENT WITH
AQUATIC PLANTS AND APPLICATION WAY"; more particularly the said
process consists of the use of aquatic plants known, for example, as aguapes
(Eichornia crassipes) properly processed, as well as others of the same gender to
be exemplified along this description, originating an organic sub-product with
great capacity of sipping oils, fuels, solvents, heavy metals, coloring,
hydrocarbons, among other and most of the organic materials.
The invention contemplates the possibilities to mold its application
according to the need, being able to, for instance, to fill out contention tubes used
in oil leaks in the water; crooked or even in bulk with appropriate granulemetry
to the product to be absorbed in terrestrial leaks. The sub-product still can be used
in the flowing treatment and similar, being its application field had diversified
relating to an organic absorbent, totally ecological.
In the current STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE, the leaks of chemical
products, be in the earth or in the water, it consists of a great problem, generating
environmental upset that, if no controlled, can commit the whole ecosystem in
the area of the referred leak, as thoroughly published in the media in the last
times.
One of the most common accidents of happening is the leak of raw
oil and its similar in platforms, transport ships, commercial ships or even in
underwater piping or others. In these cases, the providence to be taken is to
contain a great area around the leak, using for this physical barriers so that to
impede the progress of the oil or similar by the action of the tides or fluent of the
seas and rivers, in way to delimit the affected area. Once contained or delimited
the area, bombs of great capacity are worked, bombs that repress the polluted
fluid to a tug or other embarkation type that takes this mixture to the earth in
order to separate and to give appropriate destiny to the components. In the case of
leak in earth is almost always common the use of sand that, put upon to the
drained product, sips the same, however in a rudimentary way showing itself a
lithe ineffective, could get lost a precious time in the contention of such leak,
which can flow to points of fluent water.
The technique knows a product based on peat, of Canadian origin,
that is not so efficient in the sorption of oils and similar.
Groups are trained with care in the intention of combating those
types of accidents, however it still lacks advanced technology that aid them in an
effective way in this work.
A second aspect that can be explained in the current technique refers
to the treatment of flowing originating from residential or industrial sewers,
where is normal finding oils, heavy metals, coloring, hydrocarbons and other
organic materials.
In the intention of curing the inconveniences above mentioned the
inventor, person active in this section, after countless researches developed the
organic material obtained from several plants that, in the nature, are easy to find
in aquatic areas, denominated popularly of aguapes, that by their particularities
are proliferated ferociously in polluted waters turning themselves a true upset for
the ecosystem where grows up, because they absorb the whole oxygen of the area
in damage to the fauna and the flora, being their retreat of such areas a good thing
to the nature.
The invented absorbent is obtained from several genders and plant
families, that cultivated or collected from their habitat, as above commented, are
pricked in sizes from 5 to 15mm, through a pick developed for this purpose; after
that is made an alkaline hydrolysis; for then to take place a pre-drying in natural
greenhouse; made the pre-drying an intermediate drying is accomplished in
ventilated greenhouse among 35° C and 60° C; for then to give the final drying in
ovens among 60° C and 100° C; properly drought the grinding is accomplished in
crusher developed for this purpose and, finally it is made a classification through
sieves.
Such plants have as common particularity the fact of they possess a
porous capillary structure, which provides to the product odd characteristics. The
cellular structure of the absorbent doesn't allow the liberation of the products
absorbed by its and, for being hydro repellent, stays floating while absorbs the
products harmful to the environment, as, for instance, oils and heavy metals on
liquid surfaces.
Therefore the invented absorbent highlights for maintaining itself
united to the absorbed material.
More particularly it can relate as plants susceptible to use:
Table 1. Aquatic Maorofits of the Jijoca pond of Jericoacoara, Ceara. Forms of Life of Rooted Plants: AT = amphibious tolerant to the drought, FF = with flotation leaves, IS = with vegetative parts completely submerged.
Family
Gender/Species Vernacular name Form of life , EAC Register
ALISMATACEAE
Echinodorus tenellus (Mart.) Buchen. lirio d'agua AT 24693
BURMANNIACEAE
Burmannia capitata Mart. AT 30244
CHARACEAE
Chara sp. alga AT 4868
CONVOLVULACEAE
Ipomoea asaralifolia Poir. salsa-da-praia AT 29510
CYPERACEAE
Biilbostylis ef. hirtella (Thunb.) Svenson capim-barba-de-bode AT 33121
Cypenis agregatus (Willd.) Endl. junco AT 31.123
Cypenis amabilis (Vahl AT 2933 5
Cyperus ligularis L. tiririca AT 29346
Eleocharis off. genicnlata (L.) Roem. & Schult. junquinho AT 29336
Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunth junquinho AT 29552
Eleocharis barrosi Svenson junquinho AT 31095
Eleocharis elata Boeck. junco-de-cangalha AT 29338
Eleocharis geniculate (L.) Roem. & Schult. junquinho AT 29550
Eleocharis mutata (L.) Roem. & Schult. junco-trSs-quinas IS 31120
Eleocharis sellowiana Kunth junquinho AT 31096
Eleocharis sp. I junquinho IS 31044
Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br. tiririca AT 29334
Fuirena wnbellata Rottb. capim AT 31118
Kyllinga vaginata Lam. AT 29343
Pycreus polytachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv. AT 29553
Rhyncospora cyperoides Mart. tiririca AT 29557
Rhuncospora riparia Boeck tiririca AT 29545
Scleria hirtella Sw. AT 31091
FABACEAE
Indigo/era hirsuta L. anileira AT 29511
Neptunia plena (L.) Benth AT 29512
Stylosanthes angtistifolia Vog. vassourinha AT 29529
Zornia latifolia Sm. AT 29526
GENTIANACEAE
Schultesia guyanensis Malme mata-zombando AT 29514
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Utricularia adpressa Salzm. ex. A. St. HiI. & Girardi AT 30245
Utriciilaria trichopliylla Spruce ex. Oliver IS 29549 '
LOGANIACEAE
Spigelia anthelmia L. lombrigueira AT 29498
MALVACEA
Pavonia cancellata Cav. malva-rasteira AT 29499
Sida anomala A. St. HiI. AT 29516
MENYANTHACEAE
Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze llrio-agua FF 29523
NYMPHAEACEAE
Nymphaea lasiophylla Mart. & Zucc. ninfέia FF 29546
Nmnphaea rudgeana G.F.W.Mey. ninfέia FF 30216
As the plants above mentioned properly cultivated and / or retreats of
their habitat, after wash and drying are submitted to a grinding process in order to
acquire the ideal granulemetry, generating a product with the aspect of a crumb,
susceptible to several types or application manners.
With a high superficial area it allows high capacity of accumulation
of solutes. That fact is consequence of the need of the related plants to remove
from water their nutrients, being thta in some cases the nutrients are removed by
the leaves and, in others for the roots. The high degree of porosity combined with
the great hydrophobia, by the presence of wax in the hair of the leaves and high
density of negative superficial groups, they give to the invented absorbent
conditions of odd sorption among the investigated species. Through the
particularity highly hydrophobic and of the force of capillary suction added to the
high porosity, develops a tremendous capillary force in the sense of absorption of
oils and other products, already mentioned, harmful to the environment.
The negative superficial groups, type carboxyl, responsible for the
reactions of ionic change with the cations of the aqueous way, propitiate the
capacity of the product to react and to fasten heavy metals.
Therefore, the invented organic absorbent, by the obtained results, is
excellent for control of pollutant and present itself as a new option of market,
ecologically correct, under appropriate conditions, in the hydric or terrestrial
pollution control, as well as in the flowing treatment.
Some tests, as demonstrated below, confirm the high power of
sorption of the product.
The absorbent can be supplied in:
• Absorbent Cushion: Dimensions = 0,40 x 0,45 m - Absorption of up to 6
liters of oil.
• Tubular Absorbent Bar: Dimensions = 0,10 x 1,50 m - Absorption of up to
6,5 liters of oil.
• Sack (in bulk): Content = 36 1 - Absorption of up to 24 liters of oil.
• Flowing treatment in bulk, compressed between denser materials as, for
instance, sand.
In the reality, the invention treats of an organic material,
preferentially composed with one or the combination of the plants above
mentioned; with high capacity to sip oils, fuels, solvents, heavy metals, coloring,
hydrocarbons, etc., and most of the organic materials, being susceptible to be
efficient in the earth and in the water.
Another advantage to be illustrated is the viability of final polishing
of polluted flowing with oils from mining and metal work industries.
The application is simple, not demanding technical personnel or
expense with special equipments. It is easy to use, safe, extremely light and not
toxic. For being a product entirely natural, it doesn't offer risks to the
environment nor in the handling, being extremely easy due to its little weight. It
is a product ecologically correct.
After its application on dry surfaces, it is of easy removal, being
enough to sweep or to remove with a shovel. On liquid surfaces, it is collected
with help of sieve or shovel.
After its use, it should be discarded according to the local legislation.
When used in the absorption of oils, it can be used as biomass in
generators of heat / steam, in case of the local environment legislation allows this.
In that case, it is presented as a source of energy of 4700 kcal/kg.