Process for Preparing Vitamin D-Lactones

Technical Field

This application is a continuation -i -part of application Seria No. 174, 944, filed August 4, 1980.

This invention relates to the preparation of biologically active vitamin D derivatives.

More specifically this invention relates to a process for the preparation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D -26, 3-lactone and to novel compounds which are synthetic intermediates in this process.

It is now well-established that the biological function of vitamin D in the animal or human is dependent on metabolism of the vitamin to hydroxylated forms. A number of metabolites have been identified, e.g. 25-hydroxyvϊtamϊn D ₃ , 24,25-dihydroxy- vitamin D- _f 1,25-dϊhydroxyvϊtamin D~, and it is now generally accepted that one or more of these metabolites are the compounds re ^' sponsible for the biological action associated with vitamin D, namely the control of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis In the animal or human. Background Art

Because of their biological potency, vitamin D metabolites are of great therapeutic interest, and their preparation, efficacy and use is amply documented in the patent and other literature, e.g . U .S. Letters Patents Nos . 3,880,894 (1,25-dϊhydroxyergo- calcϊferol); 3,879,548 (method of treating milk fever in dairy cattle with l -hydroxycholecalciferol), 3,715,374 (24,25-dihydroxy- cholecalciferol); 3,697,559 (1,25-dihydroxycholecaIcϊferol). In addition, various structural analogs of these compounds are of scientific and commercial interest as substitutes for the natural metabolites in various clinical application, e.g . U .S. Letters Patent Nos. 4,201, 881 (24,24-difluoro-l ,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol); 4, 196, 133 (24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxycholecaIciferoI); 3,786,062 (22-dehydro-25-hydroxychoIecalcif erol ) .

More recently a novel vitamin D- metabolite, characteri¬ zed by an unusual lactone unit in the steroid side chain was discovered (WIchmann et al . Biochemistry 18, 4775-4780, 1979) . The compound, 25-hydroxyvitamin D ₃ ~26, 3-lactone, may be represented by the structure shown below,

The 25-hydroxy-vItamϊn D-,-lactone, exhibits vitamin D-like activity and is believed to play an Important role in the control of calcium and phosphate levels in the animal organism. Disclosure of Invention The present Invention provides a process for preparing

25-hydroxyvitamin D.,-26, 23-lactone from readily available steroid starting materials as Is more fully described in the following specification and as claimed In the appended claims.

In this Description and in the claims the word "acyl" means an aliphatic acyl group of from I to about 5 carbon atoms, such as acetyl , propionyl , butyryl , pentoyl and their isomeric forms, or an aromatic acyl group, such as benzoyl , or substituted benzoyl, e.g . methyl benzoyl , nϊtrobenzoyl or haiobenzoyi . The term "alkyl" denotes a hydrocarbon radical of

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from I to about 5 carbon atoms such as methyl , ethyl , propyl , etc. , or their corresponding isomeric forms. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

As depicted in Process Schematic I, the present process utilizes the 5,7-diene ester ( I ) as the starting material, where R. is hydrogen or a hydroxy protecting group such as acyl , alkylsϊlyl , or tetrahy ropyranyl and where R' is hydrogen or an alkyl group of from I-5 carbons. This 5,7-diene ester is readily obtained from the known 24-nor-5-cholenic acid or its esters employing well known processes for introducing the 7,8-double bond .

In accordance with the process shown in Process Schematic the 23-acid or ester function in I is subjected to a hydride reduction to form the corresponding aldehyde represented by structure I I . This reduction is conducted in a suitable solvent (e. g . ether, TH F, benzene, etc. ) at moderate or low temperatures

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with sterlcally bulky aluminum hydrides, such as dϊ-t-butyl aluminum hydrides as preferred reagents since, with such reagents, the reaction may be stopped at the aldehyde stage. If the hydroxy protecting group R. in compound I Is an acyl group, such a group would, of course, be removed In the hydride reduction step to yield aldehyde I I , where R. = H . Reprotection Is not necessary, but if desired, can be accomplished readily by well-known procedures (e.g . acyiatϊon, alkylsilylatϊon, tetrahydropyranylation) to yield aldehyde I I , where R. = acyl, alkylsilyl or THP. Alternatively, and especially in those cases where the protecting group R. in compound I Is a group stable to hydride reagents (e.g. tetrahydropyranyl (THP) or alkylsilyl group) the conversion of I to aldehyde I I can be conducted as a two-step process, Involving first the reduction of the acid or ester function to alcohol and then reoxidatϊon of the 23-alcohol to the aldehyde. Such processes are well known in the art. The resulting aldehyde I I (where R. Is hydrogen or a hydroxy-protecting group) is then subjected to an aldol condensa¬ tion reaction (step 2 in Process Schematic I) with acetone- or the synthetic equivalent of the acetone reagent, e.g. the derived ϊmϊne such as acetonecyclohexylϊmine- in the presence of a catalyst and suitable solvent (e.g. acetone, ether, etc) . With acetone as the reagent, a basic catalyst is preferred, such as a solution of potassium hydroxide or similar base. Organic bases may also be used, e.g. NaOCH ₃ , or potassϊum-t-butoxide, lithium isopropylamϊde, etc. The product of this aldol condensation reaction Is the hydroxy ketone, represented as structure 111 in Process Schematic I, where R, is hydrogen or a hydroxy protecting group as previously defined. This hydroxy- ketone product is a mixture of two stereoisomers, differing in C-23-hydroxy-configuration in accordance with the following structural formulas.

This mixture can be separated by any of the well known isomer separation methods, e.g. crystallization, or, preferably chroma- tography on either thin layer plates or efficient columns, e.g. by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the two C-23-hydroxy epimers can then be subjected separately to the subsequent steps of the process.

Alternatively, the hydroxy- ketone product (I I I) can be subjected directly to the next step of the process (step 3 in Process Schematic 1) which involves, lactone formation in the side chain . The transformation is accomplished by treating hydroxy-ketone I I I with cyanide (e. g. KCN) in the presence of base (e.g. hydroxide) and a suitable solvent, e.g. alcohol or alcohol/water mixtures, to obtain the intermediate cyanohydrin at carbon 25, which is not isolated but directly converted under these conditions to the hydroxy-acid and then lactonized in acid (e. g. HCI) to form the desired lactone product represented by the structure IV in Process Schematic I . C -3- Hydroxy- protecting groups that may be present in the hydroxy-ketone I I I subjected

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to lactone formation will usually be removed during this lactonization process involving both base and acid treatment and the lactone product obtained can normally be represented by structure IV, where R. = H, R„ = H. Reprotectϊon of the hydroxy group Is not necessary, but can, if desired, be accomplished by any of the known methods of acylatϊon, alkylsϊlylation, etc. to obtain lactone derivatives of structure IV where R. or R« or both are hydroxy-protecting groups, such as acyl, alkylsilyl, etc.

Cyanohydrϊn formation can also be accomplished by a cyanohydrϊn exchange reaction involving, for example, treatment of hydroxy ketone 111 with acetone cyanohydrϊn in the presence of a suitable catalyst, e.g. KOH, NaOCH~, potassium t-butoxide. Since formation of the cyanohydrin results in generation of another asymmetric center at C-25, lactone IV, as prepared from the hydroxy-ketone 111 (representing two C-23-hydroxy stereo-ϊsomers, supra), now consists of a mixture of four stereo-isomerlc products differing In sterlc configuration at C-23 and C-25 as represented by the following structural formulas.

The stereoisomeric mixture of lactone IV may be separated at this stage, preferable by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to obtain the four stereo isomeric forms, designated here for convenience as IVA, 1VB, IVC and IVD, in the order of their elution from HPLC, in pure form. Each of the lactone stereoisomers is then subjected to photoyisϊs under ultraviolet irradiation (step 4 in Process Schematic I) in a suitable solvent (e.g. ether, alcohol, benzene, or mixtures of ether and other solvents, e.g . benzene) to obtain the corresponding previtamϊn D lactone derivatives represented by general structure V (where R. = R = H, or a hydroxy-protecting group) .

Subsequent isomerization of each of the previtamin lactone isomers depicted by general structure V to the corresponding vitamin lactone, represented by general structure VI (where R = R = H or where any or both of R, and R« may represent a hydroxy-protecting group) (step 5 in Process Schematic 1) is accomplished by heating the previtamin intermediates to moderate temperature (e.g . 50-80°C) In a suitable solvent, e.g. on low molecular weight alcohol , or benzene, or toluene. This two-step irradiation/thermal isomerization sequence yields from lactone isomer IVA the corresponding vitamin lactone VIA, from Isomer IVB, the vitamin lactone VI B, from isomer IVC the corresponding vitamin lactone VIC, and from isomer IVD the vitamin lactone VID, all in pure form. If vitamin lactones IV, contains hydroxy- protecting groups at C-3 and/or C-25, such groups may be removed by acid or base hydrolysis (depending on the protecting group present, as is well known In the art) to obtain the corresponding free hydroxy-lactone product VI where R. = R«= H . Direct comparison with natural 25-hydroxyvϊtamin D.--26, 23- lactone shows that synthetic isomer VIC (where R. = R = H) is identical with the natural product.

Alternatively the steroid lactone intermediate IV, as a mixture of its four stereoisomeric forms, may be subjected to photolysis by actinic irradiation as described above, to yield the corresponding mixture of the previtamin D lactone stereoisomers of general stucture V. This mixture in turn is subjected to

thermal isomerization as described above, to yield 25-hydroxyvitamin D ₃ -26, 23-lactone, represented by general structue VI as a mixture of the four possible lactone stereo isomers. These stereo Isomers can now be separated, preferably by HPLC, to yield in order of elutlon from the column, lactone stereo isomers, VIA,

VI B, VIC, and CI D, in pure form with isomer VIC corresponding to the natural product.

If desired, the synthetic process can also be conducted, by effecting an Initial separation of the two C-23-hydroxy stereo-ϊsomers of hydroxy-ketone I I I resulting from the aldol condensation step as described above by crystallization, or preferably, chromatography, to yield the two C-23-stereo-isomers in pure form (designated I I IA and N IB for convenience here) and then subjecting each Isomer separately to the subsequent steps of the described process (i .e. lactone formation, photolysis and thermal isomerization, steps 3, 4 and 5) to yield the desired vitamin lactone product of structure VI . In this manner, hydroxy-ketone Isomer I I IA, subjected to the lactonization reaction (step 3) yields a mixture of lactone stereo-isomers IVB and IVD, which can be separated, preferably by HPLC, and separately converted by photolysis and thermal isomerization (steps 4 and 5) as described above to vitamin lactone products VI B and VI D, respectively. Similarly, after the .lactonization of the hydroxy-ketone isomer N IB (step 3), a mixture of lactone Isomers IVA and IVC Is obtained, which, after separation, are converted by photolysis and isomerization (steps 4 and 5), to vitamin lactones VIA and VIC, respectively, where VIC, as mentioned above, corresponds to the natural product.

If desired, the steroid-Iactone intermediate IV, shown in Process Schematic I , can be obtained by an alternative but chemically analogous sequence, as depicted in Process Schematic 2.

This process utilizes the known 24-nor-5-cholen-23-oϊc acid or its esters represented by structure VI I (where R. and R' designate substϊtuents as defined for compound I in Process Schematic I), as starting material . Ester VI I is reduced in step 1 to aldehyde VI I I (where R. is hydrogen or a hydroxy protecting group) in a process entirely analogous to that discussed previously (i.e. step I of Process Schematic I) and aldehyde VI I I is subjected to an aldol condensation with acetone or an acetone equivalent to yield hydroxy-ketone IX, as a mixture of the two possible hydroxy stereo-ϊsomers at carbon 23. Treatment of hydroxy- ketone IX (where R. is hydrogen or a hydroxy protecting group) with cyanide and subsequent hydrolysis using conditions analogous to those described above for step 3 of Process Schematic 1 yields the lactone intermediate X (where R. = R« = H) as a mixture of four possible (C-23 and C-25) stereo-ϊsomerϊc forms. This product can then be converted to the corresponding 5,7-diene lactone IV described above, by well established methods, e.g.

protection of the C-3-hydroxy group by acylation using standard conditions, followed by allylϊc bromϊnation and dehydrobromϊnation and removal of the C-3-acyl group by mild base hydrolysis. The four stereo-ϊsomers of this product (compound IV) can now be separated, to yield in order of elution on the HPLC isomers IVA, IVB, IVC and IVD, as previously described . It is, of course, also possible to separate (preferably by HPLC) the two C-23-hydroxy stereo-ϊsomers of hydroxy-ketone IX and to subject each epϊmer separately to the subsequent steps of the process (steps 3 and 4 of Process Schematic 2) in a manner entirely analogous to that described previously to obtain the same four stereo-ϊsomers of lactone IV. Similarly, separation of the four lactone stereo-ϊsomers can be effected at the stage of compound X (Process Schematic 2) and each of the lactone isomers XA, XB, XC and XD can then be separately converted to the corresponding 5,7-diene IVA, IVB, IVC and IVD, respectively by the standard allylϊc bromϊnatlon/dehydrobromϊnation process. Although in therapeutic applications of 25-hydroxy vitamin D ₃ 26, 23- lactone, the free hydroxy-lactone, represented by structure VI , where R. = R _? = H, is normally the preferred form for administration, it Is to be noted that a variety of derivatives of lactone VI , that may be desirable for certain applications can be readily prepared. Thus, acylation at moderate or low temperatures using acyl anhydride reagents and base catalysts provides the C-3-O-acyI derivatives of VI (R. = acyl, R = H), whereas acylation at elevated temperatures (50-70°C) yields 3,25-dϊ-O-acyI products (VI , R = R^ = acyl). For example, treatment of VI (R. = R„ = H) with acetic anhydride and pyrϊdine at 20°C for I-2 hours gives the corresponding 3-acetate derivative, whereas the 3,25-dϊacetate is readily formed when using the same reagents at 60°C. Similarly, alkylsilyl derivatives or tetrahydropyranyl derivatives of VI can be prepared by established procedures, and because of the differential reactivity of the C-3 and C-25-hydroxy groups, the 3-mono, or 3, 25- di- protected derivatives are readily obtained.

The 3-mono-acyIated product, can be further derϊvatϊzed at the C-25-hydroxy group, e. g . by acylation with a different acyl group or by alkylsϊlylatϊon (with trimethylchlorosϊlane or similar reagents, or t-butyl-dimethylchlorosilane, etc) or tetrahydro- pyranylatϊon according to procedures well known in the art. Also in 3, 25-dϊ -protected derivatives of compound VI , the C-3-protectϊng group can be selectively removed by base or acid hydrolysis (depending on the protecting group present) to generate the 3-hydroxy-25-protected derivative (compound VI where R. = H, R« = hydroxy protecting group) and the 3-hydroxy group in such compounds may then be selectively derivatized with a group different from that present at C-25.

Alternatively and conveniently, free hydroxy groups in the steroid precursors to vitamin lactone VI can be protected and these hydroxy- protected derivatives can then be converted by the process steps detailed above to vitamin lactone VI , where R. or R _? , or both, represent hydroxy-protecting groups. Thus one or both of the hydroxy groups of 5,7-diene lactone

IV (R. = R ₂ = H in Process Schematic I) or of Δ5-iactone X

(R. = R = H, in Process Schematic 2) can be derivatized by acylation, alkylsilylation, tetrahydropyranylation, etc. ) exactly analogously to the procedures discussed earlier, to yield the corresponding mono- or dϊ-hydroxy-protected derivatives (where the hydroxy protecting groups R. and R _? can be the same or different) . These derivatives can then be carried through the final process steps (e.g . steps 4 and 5 in Process Schematic I which are not affected ^" by the nature of the hydroxy-protecting group present) to yield hydroxy-protected previtamin D lactone of structure V (R. or Rp = hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group) and then the desired mono- or di-hydroxy-protected vitamin D lactone of structure IV. It should be obvious also that these hydroxy-derivatϊzation procedures can be applied to both mixtures of stereo-isomers (e.g . the mixtures of lactone isomers of compounds IV, X, VI or X) as well as the individual separated isomers (e. g . IV A, B, C, D, or VI A, B, C, D, etc. ), although it is generally preferred to derϊvatize the individual stereo-ϊsomers separately. ^{* *} U _-_-

Other pharmaceutically useful derivatives of the lactone compounds described above can also be prepared. These are the corresponding hydroxy-carboxylic acids, resulting from lactone opening, i. e. compounds of the general structure XI

wherein each of R , , B ₂ and E„ is hydrogen and where E ₄ is hydrogen or a negative charge (i. e. carboxylate an ion).

Such compounds are of particular interest because they are water-soluble derivatives of the described lactones. Because of their close structural relationship to the lactones they would be expected to possess intrinsic biological activity, or to express biological activity by virtue of their recyclization of the lactones in vivo (i. e. formation of compounds of type VI) since an equilibrium between lactone and hydroxy-carboxylic acid (or hydroxy carboxyl¬ ate) must necessarily exist under in vivo conditions. The hydroxy-acids of general structure XI are readily produced from lactones of general structure VI by hydrolysis of ^' the lactone ring in base. Thus, treatment of the lactones VI in 0. 01 to 0. 1 M base (e. g. KOH or NaOH in H ₂ 0 or H ₂ 0/dioxane

mixtures of K O/MeOH mixtures) at 25-50° C yields the corres¬ ponding ring-opened hydroxy-carboxylates, which, after careful acidification to pH 5-7, provide the hydroxy-carboxylic acids of structure IX (where R _ , R ₂ , R„ and R ₄ are hydrogen). The corres ponding hydroxy-esters of structure XI , where R . , R ₂ and R« represent hydrogen and ₄ is an alkyl group can be produced in analogous fashion, by cleavage of the lactone in alcoholic base. For example, treatment of the lactones with sodium ethoxide in ethanol yields the ethyl ester of structure XI, wherein R- , ₂ and are hydrogen and R . is ethyl. Other esters, e. g. the methyl propyl or butyl esters, can be prepared by analogous procedures utilizing the appropriate equivalent alcoholic base.

Additional derivatives of the hydroxy-esters such as may be desired for pharmaceutical preparations or other uses can be con- veniently prepared by known methods. For example, using the derivatization procedures (acylation, alkylsilylation, etc. or combination of these procedures) discussed hereinbefore derivatives carrying acyl, alkylsilyl or tetrahydropyranyl groups ( or any combination of these groups) on any or all of the C-3, 23 or 25 hydroxy groups (i. e. compounds of general structure XI wherein each of R - , R ₂ and R„ is selected from hydrogen, acyl, alkylsilyl and tetrahydropyranyl, and where R is alkyl) can be readily prepared.

It should be noted also that hydroxy-acids or hydroxy-esters of general structure XI, or their O-protected (acylated, alkylsilylat- ed) derivatives can also be prepared from the corresponding steroid intermediates. For example, the base hydrolysis of the lactone ring of the 5, 7-diene intermediate IV (Process Schematic I), utilizin a procedure analogous to that described above for lactone opening in the case of vitamin -lactone VI, yields the hydroxy-acid of the genera structure

wherein R, , ₂ , R-. and R , are hydrogen. Ultraviolet irradiation of this substance, as described for the analogous step in Process Schematic I, yields the corresponding pre-vitamin D-hydroxy-acid having structure XIII below.

This pre-vitamin compound can be isomerized by heating in an inert solvent as described previously to give the vitamin hydroxy acid XI (R .. , ₂ , _q ^a nd R ₄ =H). Similarly alcoholysis of the 5, 7-diene- lactone IV (e. g. NaOMe in MeOH; NaOEt in EtOH) yields the corres ponding ester of structure XII (where R , E, and R,-=H and R ,= alkyl) from which hydroxy-ester hydroxy-protected derivatives (e. g. O-acyl, O-alkylsilyl, O-tetrahydropyranyl represented by structure XII, wherein each of R , R ₂ and R is _. selected from hydrogen, acyl alkylsilyl, and tetrahydropyranyl and where R ₄ =alkyl) can be readily obtained by the derivatization procedures previously discussed. Ult violet irradiation of the hydroxy ester or its O-protected derivatives yields the previtamin D compounds of general structure XIII where

each of R , , ₂ and R-, is selected from hydrogen, acyl, alkylsilyl and tetrahydropyranyl and where R . is alkyl. Subsequent thermal isomerization of these previtamin-intermediates yields the hydroxy esters or their corresponding O-protected derivatives of general structure VI, where each of R . , R ₂ and R ₃ is selected from hydroge acyl, alkylsilyl and tetrahydropyranyl and where R ₄ is alkyl.

If desired, the lactone opening reaction, using procedures entirely analogous to those described above can also be applied to the lactone steroid intermediate X (Process Schematic 2) to yield the corresponding hydroxy acids or hydroxy esters represente by general structure XIV below

where R , , ₂ and R„ are hydrogen and R . is hydrogen or alkyl. Such analogs, or their O-protected derivatives, can be readily converted to the corresponding vitamin hydroxy-acids or esters of structure XI, via dehydrogenation to compounds of general structure XII, subsequent photochemical conversion to intermediates of type XIII and thermal isomerization to the final products of structure XI usin 'established and well known procedures.

Example 1

To 269 mg of methyl 3β-hydroxy-24-norchola-5,7-dien-23-oate

3-acetate (compound I, where R. = acetyl and R ¹ = methyl) In 12 ml toluene at -78°C Is added 0.72 ml of a 25% solution of lithium diisobutyl aluminum hydride ϊn toluene. After 30 min, the solution is warmed to 4°C and 4 ml of saturated NH 4.CI Is added and the mixture is stirred for 5 mϊn. Water (25 ml) is then added and the reaction mixture is extracted with 100 ml EtpO. The ether phase is separated and washed with 25 ml each of 1 N HCI, saturated NaHCO ₃ , saturated NaCl . The crude reaction mixture Is applied to a I x 30 cm silica gel column and eluted with 6% EtOAc ϊn hexane which eiutes compound 1 and then with 16% and 22% EtOAc/hexane until the desired aldehyde product, compound 11 , is recovered (127.5 mg). The 23-aldehyde (compound I I with R. = H) exhibits the following spectral properties: U .V. absorption, λ = 282, 272, 292 (shoulder); mass spectrum: m/e 342.2545 (calcd. 342.2558), 100%, M ; m/e 309, 65%, M -H ₂ O-CH ₃ m/e 283, 40%, M ⁺ -2CH ₃ -CHO m/e 143, 50%, C _π H*; NMR: δ 9.77, s, 1H, C-23; 5.56, m, IH, C-6; 5.40, m, 1H , C-7; 3.66, m, IH, C-3; 1.05, d, J = 6.2, 3H, C-21 ; 0.95, s, 3H, C-19; 0.67, s, 3H , C-18. Example 2

A mixture of 1.5 ml of acetone and 30 μl of 1.0 M KOH in methanol is prepared, and after 15 mϊn at 0°C is added to 122 mg compound I I (R. = H) dissolved ϊn 0.5 ml acetone. The reaction mixture ϊs stirred at 0°C for 1.5 hr then 50 ml H _p O is added and the mixture extracted 3X with 75 ml CH _p Cl _p . The crude reaction mixture is subjected to HPLC on a 0.79 x 30 cm silica gel column (μPorasil, a product of Waters Associates, Medford, Mass. ) eluted with 2.25% isopropyl alcohol ϊn CH _p C at a flow rate of 3 ml/mϊn. This procedure eiutes 37.5 mg of starting material (compound I I) at 12 ml followed by the desired hydroxy-ketone C-23-stereo isomers (compound I I I , R. = H) namely Isomer I I IA (39.5 mg) eluting at 42 ml and isomer I I IB (37.3 mg) eluting at 46.5 ml . Spectral data for isomer 111A:

U.V. absorption spectrum, λ _m = 282, 272, 292 (shoulder), mass spectrum, m/e 400.2983 (calcd. 400.2978) 100%, M ; 382, 22%, M ⁺ -H ₂ O; 367, 30%, ⁺ -H ₂ O-CH ₃ ; 342, 60%, M ⁺ -C ₃ HgO 309, 28%, M ⁺ -C ₃ HgO-CH ₃ -H ₂ O; 271, 26%, M ⁺ -side chain; 253, 12%, M ⁺ -sϊde chaϊn-H ₂ O; NMR: δ 5.56, m, IH, C-6; 5.39, m, IH, C-7; 4.17, m, IH, C-23; 3.63, m, IH, C-3; 2.17, s, 3H, C-26; 0.99, d, J = 6.2, 3H, C-21; 0.94, s, 3H, C-19; 0.65, s, 3H, C-18. For isomer IIIB: U.V. absorption spectrum, λ = 282,

272, 292 (shoulder); mass spectrum: m/e 400.2983 (calcd. 400.2978) 100%, M ⁺ ; 382, 19%, ⁺ -H ₂ O; 367, 25%, ⁺ -H ₂ O-CH ₃ ; 342, 93%, M ⁺ -C ₃ HgO; 309, 38%, ⁺ -C ₃ HgO-CH ₃ -H ₂ O; 271, 28%, M ⁺ -sϊde chain; 253, 15%, M ⁺ -sϊde chain-H ₂ O; NMR: δ, 5.56, m, IH, C-6; 5.40, m, IH, C-7; 4.14, m, IH, C-23; 3.64, m, IH, C-3; 2.19, s, 3H, C-26; 1.00, d, J = 5.5, 3H, C-21; 0.94, s, 3H, C-19; 0.63, s, 3H, C-18. Example 3

To a solution of 34 mg of hydroxy-ketone isomer IIIA (R. = H) ϊn 0.8 ml of EtOH at 50°C is added 0.1 ml of a slurry of cyanide (prepared by grinding 340 mg NaCN and 540 mg CaC ^« 2Hp in a morter to homogeniety, and slurrying 45 mg of the resulting mixture ϊn I ml of water), and after 5 and 10 min, additional 0.1 ml alϊquots of the same slurry are added. After I hr, 0.15 ml of cyanide slurry is added together with 0.5 ml EtOH, and this addition is repeated at 2.5 hr. After 4.5 hr, 50 ml HpO is added and pH adjusted to ca. 1.5 with I N HCI. The reaction mixture is extracted with 4 x 50 ml CHpC . The crude products, ϊn 5 ml EtOH, are then treated with I ml I N HCI added at 45°C for I hr. Water (25 ml) is then added and product is extracted with three 50 ml portions of CHpCIp. The crude product is subjected to HPLC on 2 Zorbax SIL semi-preparative columns (0.62 x 25 cm) in series eluted with 5% isopropanol ϊn hexane at a flow rate of 3 ml/mϊn to give lactone IV (R. = H, Rp = H) as the expected two C-25-stereoisomers designated IVB (4.3 mg) eluting at 90 ml, and IVD (4.0 mg) eluting at 129 mi. Spectral data for IVB (Rj = R ₂ = H),

U.V. absorption spectrum, λ = 282, 272, 292 (shoulder);

JT-3X . mass spectrum: m/e 428.2935 (calcd. 428.2927), 100%, M ; 410, 14%, M ⁺ -H ₂ O; 395, 53%, ⁺ -H ₂ O-CH ₃ ; 369, 22%, M ⁺ -C ₃ H _? O; 271, 58%, M ⁺ -side chain; 253, 28%, M ⁺ -sϊde chaϊn-H ₂ O; 143, 63%, ^c π ^H π ^{; NMR: δ 5*57} ' ^m ' ^IH ' ^C"6 ' ⁵ - ⁴⁰ ' ^m ' ^1H ' ^C ~ ⁷ ' ^4*75 ' ^m ' IH, C-23; 3.64, m, IH, C-3; 1.52, s, 3H, C-27; 1.04, d, J =

5.9, 3H, C-21; 0.94, s, 3H, C-19; 0.64, s, 3H, C-18.

Spectral data for IVD: U.V. absorption spectrum,

= 282, 272, 292 (shoulder); mass spectrum: m/e 428.2927 (calcd. 428.2927), 100%, M ^÷ ; 410, 15%, ⁺ -H ₂ O; 395, 65%,

M ^÷ -H ₂ O-CH ₃ ; 369, 30%, M ^÷ -C ₃ H--O; 271, 44%, M ^÷ -sidε chain; 253, 25%, M -side chain-H _£ O; 143, 90%, C. _j H* NMR: δ 5.56, m, IH, C-6; 5.40, m, IH, C-7; 4.47, m, IH, C-23; 3.63, m, IH, C-3; 1.50, s, 3H, C-27; 1.03, d, J = 6.6, 3H, C-21; 0.94, s, 3H, C-19; 0.65, s, 3H, C-18.

Hydroxy-ketone stereoisomer II IB (R. = H) subjected to the identical lactonization sequence also yields (from 29 mg of 11 IB) two lactone stereoisomers, namely IVA (R. = R„ = H) (2.9 mg) eluting at 80 ml In the HPLC system described above and lactone isomer IVC (R. = R ₂ = H) (2.4 mg) eluting at 107 ml. Spectral data for IVA: U.V. absorption spectrum, λ = 282,

272, 292 (shoulder); mass spectrum: m/e 428.2931 (calcd. 428.2927) 100%, M ⁺ ; 410, 18%, ⁺ -H ₂ O; 395, 62%, M ⁺ -H _£ O-CH ₃ ; 369, 33%, M ⁺ -C ₃ H ₇ O 271, 26%, M ⁺ -sϊde chain; 253, 19%, M ⁺ -side chaϊn-H ₂ O; 143, 70%, C--H _π ⁺ . NMR: δ 5.57, m, IH, C-6; 5.40, m, IH, C-7; 4.72, m, IH, C-23; 3.65, m, IH, C-3; 1.51, s, 3H, C-27; 1.05, d, J = 6.1, 3H, C-21; 0.95, s, 3H, C-19; 0.63, s, 3H, C-18.

Spectral data for IVC: U.V. absorption spectrum, λ = 282, 272, 292 (shoulder); mass spectrum: m/e 428.2917 (calcd. 428.2927) 100%, M ⁺ ; 410, 16%, ⁺ -H ₂ O; 395, 68%, M ⁺ -H ₂ O-CH ₃ ; 369, 37%, M ⁺ -C ₃ H ₇ O; 271, 16%, M ⁺ -sϊde chain; 253, 16%, M ⁺ -sϊde chaϊn-H ₂ O; 143, 70%, C-.H _j - ^"1" . NMR: δ, 5.57, , IH, C-6; 5.40, m, IH, C-7; 4.44, m, IH, C-23; 3.64, m, IH, C-3; 1.49, s, 3H, C-27; 1.04, d, J = 6.7, 3H, C-21; 0.94, s, 3H, C-19; 0.63, s, 3H, C-18.

Example 4

One mg each of the lactone isomers IVA, IVB , IVC and IVD as obtained In Example 3, are photolysed separately in 150 ml of 20% benzene ϊn diethylether using a quartz immersion well and Hanovia 608A36 lamp with corex filter. After 15 mϊn irradiation each reaction mixture is subjected to HPLC on a Zorbax-SI L semi-preparative column 0.62 x 25 cm using 2.25% 2-propanol in methylene chloride as solvent. From lactone isomer IVA there is obtained the desired previtamin lactone VA (R. = R„ = H) eluting at 34.5 ml ; from isomer IVB there is obtained previtamin lactone VB eluting at 34 ml ; from isomer IVC, the previtamin lactone VC, eluting at 33 ml is obtained, and from lactone isomer IVD, the corresponding previtamin lactone VD, eluting at 33 ml is obtained . Example ^' 5

Each of the previtamin lactones VA, VB , VC and VD are immediately ϊsomerized to the desired vitamin lactone of structure VI in I ml EtOH at 70°C for 2 hr. Each reaction mixture is then subjected to HPLC on a Zorbax SI L semϊ-preparatϊve column (0.62 x 25 cm) using 6% 2-propanol ϊn hexane as eluant. Vitamin lactone VIA ( R. = R ₂ = H) (500 μg) is collected at 29.5 ml ; vϊtamϊn lactone isomer V1 B (500 μg) is collected at 31.5 ml ; vitamin lactone isomer VIC (500 μg) is collected at 39.75 ml , and 500 μg of ϊsomer VI D is collected at 45.0 ml . Spectral Data: VIA; mass spectrum, m/e 428.2923 (calcd .

428.2927) 24%, M ⁺ ; 410, 3%, M ⁺ -H ₂ O 395, 11%, ⁺ -H ₂ O-CH ₃ ; 271 , 2%, M ⁺ -sϊde chain; 253, 9%, M ⁺ -side chaϊn-HgO; 136, 100%, A ring + C. + C- ⁺ ; 118, 82%, A ring + C _β + C- -H ₂ O; NMR : δ 6.28, d, J = 11.8, IH , C-6; 6.03, d, J = II .0, IH , C-7; 5.05, m(sharp), IH, C-I9(E); 4.82, m (sharp), IH , C-I9(Z); 4.72, m, IH, C-23; 3.96, m, IH , C-3; 1.51, s, 3H , C-27; 1.03, d, J = 5.5, 3H , C-21; 0.56, s, 3H, C-18; Fourier transform Infrared spectrum (FT- I R); 1780 cm ^" ' (lactone C = O); UV : λ _maχ = 265 πm, λ _m - _n = 228 n .

VIB; mass spectrum, m/e 428.2927 (calcd. 428.2927), 27%, M ⁺ ;

410, 2%, M -H _p O; 395, 11%, M -H _p O-CH,,; 271, 2%, M -side chain;

+ +

253, 7%, M -side chaϊn-HpO; 136, 100%, A ring + C _g + C, ; 118,

92%, A ring + C _g + C ₇ ⁺ -H _£ O; NMR: δ 6.28, d, J = 11.7, IH,

C-6; 6.03, d, J = 11.1, IH, C-7; 5.05, m (sharp), IH, C-I9(E);

4.82, m(sharp), IH, C-I9(Z); 4.75, , IH, C-23; 3.96, m, IH,

C-3; 1.52, s, 3H, C-27; 1.03, d, J = 5.6, 3H, C-21; 0.56, S,

3H, C-18; FT-1R: 1781 cm ^"1 (lactone C = O); UV: λ _v = 265 max nm, λ_. = 228 nm. mm

VIC; mass spectrum, m/e 428.2919 (calcd. 428.2927), 26%, M ⁺ ; 410, 2%, M ⁺ -H ₂ O; 395, 9%, ⁺ -H ₂ O-CH ₃ 271, 1%, M ⁺ -sϊde chain; 253, 8%, M ⁺ -sϊde chaϊn-HgO; 136, 100%, A ring + C- ÷ C- ^÷ ; 118, 83%, A ring + C _g + C-. ⁺ -H ₂ O; NMR: δ 6.28, d, J = 11.8, IH, C-6; 6.03, d, J = 10.7, IH, C-7; 5.05, m (sharp), IH, C-I9(E); 4.82, m (sharp), IH, C-I9(Z); 4.44, m, IH, C-23; 3.96, m, IH,

C-3; 1.49, s, 3H, C-27; 1.03, d, J = 5.2, 3H, C-21; 0.56, s,

3H, C-18; FT-IR: 1784 cm ^"1 (lactone C = O); UV: λ „ = 265 max nm, λ m .m = 228 nm.

V1D: mass spectrum, m/e 428.2927 (calcd. 428.2927), 26%, M ⁺ ; 410, 1%, M ^÷ -H ₂ O; 395, 11%, M ⁺ -H ₂ O-CH ₃ ; 271, 2%, M ⁺ -side chain; 253, 7%, M ⁺ -sϊde chain-H ₂ O; 136, 100%, A ring + Cg + C- ⁺ ; 118, 86%, A ring + C- + C ₇ ^÷ -H ₂ O; NMR: δ 6.28, d, J = II.8, IH, C-6; 6.03, d, J = II.0, IH, C-7; 5.05, m (sharp), IH, C-19(E); 4.82, m (sharp), C-19(Z); 4.47 m, IH, C-23; 3.96, m, IH, C-3; 1.50, S, 3H, C-27; 1.03, d, J = 5.5, 3H, C-21, 0.56, s, 3H, C-18; FT-IR: 1784 cm ^"1 (lactone C = O); UV: λ = 265 nm,

-TlαX λ m.in = 285 nm.

Example 6

Methyl 24-nor-5-cholen-23-oate (0.7 g) is reacted with 2 ml dihydropyran and 0.2 ml phosphorusoxychlorϊde in 15 ml CHpClp at room temperature for 40 min ; 50 ml EtpO is added and the mixture extracted with 2 x 25 ml saturated NaHCO ₃ and I x 25 ml saturated NaCI . The EtpO phase is evaporated to yield the crude tetrahydropyranyl derivative (compound VI I of Process Schematic 2, where R. = tetrahydropyranyl (THP) and R' = Me) .

To a slurry of 0.3 g LAH in 15 ml EtpO is added crude

VI I dissolved in 15 ml Et ₂ O at -78°C . At 30 min after final addition, the reaction is warmed to 0°C and 10% NaOH In HpO is slowly added with stirring until all floculant material is white. The mixture is extracted with 100 ml EtpO vs 3 x 50 ml HpO, dried with MgSO . and concentrated to yield crude 23-aIcohol .

To a solution of 12 molar excess pyridine ϊn 30 ml CH ₂ CI ₂ on ice Is added a 6 molar excess of CrO.- . The mixture is stirred for 30 min at which time crude 23-aIcohol obtained as above in 20 ml CHpClp is added . At 15 mϊn the reaction is extracted 3 x 25 mi- 50% NaHCO ₃ , dried with MgSO ₄ and applied to a 2 x 36 cm silica column eluted with 5% EtOAc/hexane to recover 0.63 g of 23-aldehyde, represented by structure VI I I of Process Schematic 2 where R. = THP (78.6% yield from VI I ) . Mass spectrum: m/e 428, 0.5%, M ⁺ ; 326, 80%, M ⁺ -HOTHP; 298, 22%, M ⁺ -HOTHP-CO; 85, 100%, C ₅ H _g O ⁺ . Example 7 n-Butyl lithium (0.672 mmol) is slowly added to a solution of 0.672 mmol of diisopropyl amine ϊn 5 ml Et-pO at -78°C ; 20 mϊn after addition, 0.672 mmol of acetonecyclohexylimine is added and after 15 min , 250 mg of aldehyde VI I I ( R ₍ = THP) is slowly added in 10 ml Et _? O. After 30 min, the reaction is warmed to 0°C and 10 ml HpO is added and the mixture Is stirred for 10 min . An additional 30 ml HpO is then added and the mixture is extracted 3. times with 30 ml of dϊethy! ether. The ether phase is dried with MgSO . and applied to four

20 x 20 cm x 750 μm silica TLC plates eluted with 25% EtOAc/hexane to give 60 mg of hydroxyketone IX (R _j = THP) (21% yield from VI I I ) as the two possible C-23-hydroxy stereoisomers. Mass spectrum: m/e, 486, 0.5%, M ^÷ ; 384, 35%, M ⁺ -HOTHP; 366, 21%, M ⁺ -HOTHP-H ₂ O; 326, 68%, M ⁺ -HOTHP-C ₃ HgO; 85, 100%, C--H _g O ⁺ . Example 8

To a solution of 37 mg IX (R _j + THP) ϊn I ml EtOH ϊs added 0.250 ml of acetonecyanohydrϊn . The mixture ϊs reacted at room temperature for 12 hr at which time 0.32 g of KOH ϊs added ϊn 4 ml 1 : 1 H ₂ O: EtOH . The temperature ϊs raised to 50°C for I hr and enough 6 N HCI is then slowly added to bring the pH to ca. 1.0. The resulting mixture ϊs stirred for 30 min at room temperature, then 30 ml HpO ϊs added and extracted 3 times with 30 ml of CHpClp. The CHpClp phase is evaporated to yield after preliminary purification 18.6 mg of lactone X (R. = H), representing a mixture of the four possible C-23 and C-25 stereoisomers (yield 57% from 5); mass spectrum: m/e 430, 88%, M ⁺ ; 412, 100%, ^÷ -H ₂ O; 397, 47%, M ^÷ -H ₂ O-CH ₃ ; 345, 30%; 319, 45%; 213, 93%. The four lactone stereoisomers can be separated by HPLC chromatography on silica gel (semϊ-preparatϊve Zorbax-Sϊl column 0.62 x 25 cm) using 4.5 % 2-propanol ϊn hexane as eluting solvent.

Lactone X can be converted to 7-dehydroIactone IV by established procedures. Thus acetylatϊon of X as obtained above with pyrϊdϊne acetic anhydride yields the corresponding acetate which is subjected to allylϊc bromϊnatlon (following well-known conditions dibromodϊmethylhydantoin) and then dehydrobromlnated with trϊmethyl phosphite or collϊdϊne to yield the 5,7-diene lactone IV (R = acetyl) as a mixture of C-23 and C-25 epϊmers. These four epϊmers are separated as described in Example 3 to yield each stereoϊsomer, i.e. IVA, IVB, IVC and IVD ϊn pure form.

- -TE

As is evident from the foregoing specification, the structural formulas

wherever they appear therein or in the appended claims are indicative of all their isomeric forms.

Having thus described the invention what is claimed is: