Abstract:

A process for pretreating reclaimed cotton fibres to be used in the production of moulded bodies from regenerated cellulose, characterized by effective metal reduction and adjustment of the degree of polymerization and brightness, including a metal removing stage and an oxidative bleaching stage of the reclaimed cotton fibres or pulp produced thereof. Reclaimed cotton fibres treated according to the described process may be used alone or in blends with conventional dissolving pulp as raw material for the production of moulded bodies from regenerated cellulose.

The process enables technically smooth, safe, and economically feasible spinning via the Viscose or Lyocell process, therefore, the current invention provides an efficient recycling pathway for cotton waste materials.

The products thus obtained are high quality regenerated cellulosic moulded bodies from recycled cotton waste, suitable for textile and nonwoven manufacturing. State of the art:

According to the International Cotton Advisory Committee 26,39 million tons of cotton were produced in 2012/13 worldwide. About 95% of the annual cotton production is used in the production of yams, which are subsequently used in the manufacturing of textile products. Cotton textiles approximately account for one third of the global textile production. However, already along the textile manufacturing process, significant amounts of cotton waste material are generated, for example spinning waste or cuttings from confectioning. This kind of waste is typically referred to as "pre-consumer waste ^" , sometimes it is also known as "post- industrial waste". Of course, cotton waste is also generated once a cotton containing fabric is discarded by the user, i.e. "post-consumer waste".

Nowadays, the main fraction of the described cotton waste materials predominantly ends up in incineration and landfill, which equals an inevitable loss of valuable cellulose raw material. Only minor amounts of textile cotton waste are currently recycled. Existing pathways for cotton recycling include for example the donation of post-consumer cotton textiles to charity organizations or the production of wipes or shoddy fibres for insulation materials from post- consumer cuttings. However, except from reselling in second-hand shops or distribution in developing countries, the recycling methods typically represent a down-cycling of the cotton waste material, i.e. a product being produced from recycled cotton waste material is generally less valuable than the initial product.

Direct reuse of cotton waste materials in the production of new textiles is rather limited. One of the main problems in direct recycling is the typically shorter length of reclaimed cotton fibres from cotton waste material, which may additionally be corrupted due to mechanical fibre damage during the recovery process. Therefore reclaimed cotton fibres usually need to be blended with virgin fibres for the production of high quality yarns and textiles. However, if reclaimed fibres from cotton waste material are blended with virgin fibres to produce a suitable raw material for textile manufacturing, the reclaimed material should originate from rather early stages of the textile chain. If, for example, cotton waste material would be recovered after dyeing of a fabric, a raw material produced by blending such coloured fibres with virgin fibres may only be used for the production of fabrics of colour similar to the reclaimed fibres. Considering cuttings from confectioning, which represent a high percentage of overall cotton waste materials, these would not be suitable for direct recycling as they incur in numerous qualities and colours but in typically low quantities.

US patent 5.331 ,801 describes the production of recycled yarns from textile waste, however, the yarns made from recycled fibres require more twists to obtain the same strength properties when compared to yarns prepared from virgin fibres. The production of finer yarns suitable for the apparel and related textile industries requires blending with up to 90% of virgin fibres.

Similarly, US patent 5,481 ,864 describes the production of recycled fabrics from cloth scraps. Cloth scraps arc initially garneted at a moisture level of 10%, opened and blended with 10 to 25% of expensive premium carrier virgin fibres, such as e.g. cashmere. Patent application WO 2011/130276 A2 describes the use of blends of fibres recovered from pre-consumer cotton waste materials. The patent application describes a purely mechanical process and includes elaborate sorting efforts. It is mentioned that textile products made from such recovered materials comprise yarns that contain at least three different qualities of recovered cotton material. It is mentioned that yarns made from such recovered materials need to be spun with a twist multiple 15 to 30% higher than yarns to be used in the same end product made from virgin cotton fibres.

Patent application US 5369861 A describes direct recycling of pre- or post-consumer denim waste.

Patent application WO 2011/077446 Al describes another way of mechanically recycling cotton fabrics, by preparing sheets of cotton paper, cutting these sheets into stripes between and 0.1 to 2 mm and then weaving or knitting these stripes into a fabric.

All of the direct recycling processes mentioned above are purely mechanical, i.e. none of the processes includes any chemical steps neither for recovering the cotton waste material nor for pretreating the cotton waste material to make it recoverable. Another way of recycling cotton waste materials is the production of cotton rag pulp (CRP). CRP has long been an important source of cellulosic material in paper production, especially in the early decades of the 20 ^th century. Therefore the general production process of CRP based on alkaline cooking of rags is well known. Later on, CRP became less important due to the facts that a) the upcoming blending of cotton with synthetic fibres was complicating CRP production and b) recycling of waste paper was developed for paper making. One advantage o transforming rags to pulp is that small amounts of different qualities or colours may be processed to result in large amounts of a uniform material. Yet, a disadvantage of CRP is that it may not be directly used as raw material for textile manufacturing, as the cellulose fibres degrade during the CRP production process, resulting in a reduced chain length of the cellulose molecules (i.e. lowered degree of polymerization("DP")). The direct application of CRP in textile manufacturing is typically also limited due to low brightness as a result of mixing raw materials of different quality and colour. Rags suitable for the production of cotton rag pulp may originate from both pre- and post- consumer waste. According to the authors' knowledge, the use of cotton rag pulp for the production of regenerated cellulosic materials has not been reported yet.

Processes for the production of regenerated cellulosic materials are already known to the expert: The Lyocell process , in particular using aqueous amine oxide, especially preferred 4- methylmopholine N-oxide (NMMO) (see e.g. EP 0356419 B l and EP 0584318 Bl), the viscose process (see e.g. Gotze, Chemiefasern nach dem Viskoseverfahren, 1967) and the Modal process (see e.g. Austrian patent AT 287905).

EP 0717131 Bl describes the production of viscose fibres from used textiles, which have been dyed by means of reactive dyes. The used textiles described were mechanically disintegrated prior to the Viscose process; however, no chemical treatment of the raw material is mentioned. Reductive bleaching of the alkali cellulose is mentioned for colour removal. The cotton waste material from which the cotton fibres may be reclaimed is restricted to post- consumer textiles, being dyed by means of reactive dyes. Similar to what was described above for the direct reuse of coloured cotton cuttings, Viscose fibre production according to EP 0717131 B l requires thorough sorting of the raw materials with respect to their colour. No information is given with respect to the quality of the obtained Viscose fibres.

Patent application CN 102660791 A also describes the reuse of post-consumer cotton garments via the Viscose process to produce floor mats. o information is given regarding quality of the raw material or the obtained Viscose fibres. However, the restriction to the use of such fibres in the rather low value product floor mats indicates that the quality of these fibres is low and not suitable for textile manufacturing.

US 5,601 ,767 describes the production of Lyocell fibres by the Lyocell process from shredded cellulose containing fabrics. From the examples given, it becomes obvious that the fabrics used for fibre production were of the post-consumer type. Except from mechanical treatments, no other kind of pretreatment was reported, especially no chemical processing step is mentioned. This implies that fibres produced according to US 5,601 ,767 are again of limited usability in textile production since coloured raw materials will result in coloured fibres. In addition, US 5,601 ,767 contains no possibility for adjusting the cotton cellulose degree of polymerization. Patent CN 10219931 OB describes a process for recovering the cotton from waste polyester and cotton textile blends by physically dissolving the cellulosic content in NMMO and subsequent physical separation (filtration) of the undissolved polyester material. It is not mentioned what cellulose concentration is achieved in the prepared solution. Although the as described process of dissolving cellulose in NMMO is closely related to the Lyocell process with even similar stabilizers being used, the production of regenerated cellulosic fibres from this solution is not mentioned. Therefore this process must be solely considered as an option for the separation of cotton from polyester but not suitable for recycling cotton waste material to produce regenerated cellulosic fibres. None of the previously described recycling options include any chemical pretreatment processes of the reclaimed cotton fibres before being used in the Viscose or Lyocell process.

The above mentioned examples describing the state of the art for using reclaimed cotton fibres to produce regenerated cellulosic materials indicate that all processes of the prior art arc dedicated to the recycling of post-consumer cotton waste material.

The use of pre-consumer cotton waste material was not described in detail yet.

In general, pre-consumer cotton waste material or cotton fibres being used for textile production are not considered to be an appropriate material for neither the Viscose nor the Lyocell process. They consist of cellulose molecules with a high degree of polymerisation (DP), i.e. having a high viscosity, usually expressed by the intrinsic viscosity ("IV"). This makes them less accessible to reactants and solvents used for dissolving cellulose and as a result impractical to be treated in the conventional Viscose or Lyocell process.

During the lifetime of a piece of cotton textile the cellulose molecules degrade and their DP is reduced to such a level that cotton fibres from post-consumer textile waste finally may be used as starting materials to produce regenerated cellulosic fibres. However, this is cannot be considered a universally valid fact, as said degradation strongly depends on the conditions and time of use. Therefore a suitable and homogeneous DP level which is required for the production of regenerated cellulosic fibres cannot be assured to be generally present in post- consumer waste. Instead, post-consumer waste may be degraded such that the DP level is actually too low for the production of high quality regenerated cellulosic fibres.

In pre-consumer waste the high DP is retained.

Moreover, the usability of reclaimed cotton waste material is limited due to the fact that textiles, besides cellulose, typically contain additional chemicals such as dyes, resins, optical brighteners etc. and may further become contaminated during their lifetime by e.g. softeners or bleaching agents during washing. Also significant amounts of metals can be found in both pre- and post-consumer cotton waste materials. These metals on the one hand may originate from abrasions of buttons or zips or on the other hand be already incorporated to the cotton fibres during growth or while processing cotton fibres into textiles. The presence of any of these chemicals potentially hinders the application of the reclaimed cotton fibres from cotton waste materials in the Viscose or Lyocell process. As an example, resins chemically interconnect cellulose molecules making them insoluble and unreactive. These substances are not removed from the reclaimed fibres by simple mechanical disintegration steps of the cotton waste materials.

Special attention has to be paid to the metal content of reclaimed cotton fibres, especially with respect to their use as a possible raw material for the Lyocell process. It is known that e.g. iron and copper cations lower the decomposition temperature of NMMO. the solvent in the Lyocell process. Simultaneously the decomposition rate is increased. Accordingly, metals may also catalyze the decomposition of cellulose-containing spinning dopes in both the Viscose and Lyocell process. At elevated process temperatures or elongated processing times this may result in fires and explosions due to uncontrolled decomposition processes. A method for measuring said decomposition temperature is given in HP 0781356 Bl ("Sikarex test").

High contents of Si, Ca, or Mg are typically related to a high amount of particulate impurities likely originating from sand or dust. However, high particle contents in the spinning dopes require higher filtration efforts resulting in lower production. If the particle content is too high, the filtration system may even become completely blocked. Additionally, large amounts of small particles that can not be removed from the spinning dope by filtration can cause problems at the spinnerets, leading again to lower production and/or lower quality fibres.

Problem:

In view of this state of the art the problem to be solved was to provide a process which allows the use of different qualities of cotton waste materials for the production of moulded bodies from regenerated cellulose, thereby providing a pathway for efficient recycling of said cotton waste materials into high quality products suitable for e.g. textile and nonwoven manufacturing.

Solution:

This problem was solved by a process for pretreating reclaimed cotton fibres to be used in the production of moulded bodies from regenerated cellulose, wherein the pretreatment of the reclaimed cotton fibres includes a metal removing stage and an oxidative bleaching stage. The current invention demonstrates a process of how cotton waste materials of any kind mentioned above may be chemically pretreated to be used in the production of moulded bodies from regenerated cellulose by the Viscose or Lyocell process afterwards. Thereby, the current invention provides an elegant recycling option for cotton waste material, avoiding inadequate disposal pathways such as landfill or incineration. The moulded bodies produced from cotton waste material pretreated according to the current invention, are of similar or even superior quality compared to moulded bodies prepared from commercially available "virgin" dissolving pulp, thus suitable for textile and nonwoven manufacturing.

Cotton waste materials may be transferred into raw materials suitable for the production of regenerated ecllulosic fibres via the Viscose or the Lyocell process; for the purposes of this invention the term "Viscose process" shall include Modal processes which are also based on the formation, spinning and regeneration of cellulose xanthogenate, The pretreatment process described in the current invention may be applied to pre- and post- consumer cotton waste material and/or cotton rag pulps produced thereof. Therefore in a preferred embodiment of the present invention the cotton fibres are reclaimed from pre- consumer cotton waste, such as, but not limited to combing waste, cotton cuttings or waste fibres from garment manufacturing and the like. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention the cotton fibres are reclaimed from post-consumer cotton waste. The term "post-consumer cotton waste" includes, but is not limited to laundry waste or used clothes. In a particularly preferred embodiment the reclaimed cotton fibres include pulp prepared from cotton rags.

Before applying chemical treatments according to the present invention it may be useful to apply mechanical treatments to prepare the reclaimed fibres adequately. This can be done by a stage wherein the reclaimed cotton fibres are mechanically shredded, milled, or opened prior to their use. Also useful - depending e.g. on the origin of the fibres - may be a mechanical stage wherein the reclaimed cotton fibres are separated from buttons or zips or the like prior to their use. Also useful may be a mechanical or chemical stage wherein the reclaimed cotton fibres are separated from non-cotton fibres prior to their use. The described process is a multistage process wherein oxidative bleaching treatments are combined with acidic washing treatments and/or treatment with aqueous solutions of complexing agents. B adjusting the combination and/or intensity of the single steps, the described process may be used to treat any kind o cotton waste material in such a way that the reclaimed cotton fibrous material may be used as a raw material for the production of regenerated cellulose moulded bodies. Especially, the described process effectively lowers the metal content and allows for adjustment of the viscosity and brightness of the reclaimed cotton fibres.

By pretreating cotton waste materials according to the current invention, technically safe and economically feasible fibre spinning is ensured. Therefore in a preferred embodiment of the process according the invention the metal removing stage is an acidic washing treatment and/or a treatment with a complexing agent.

According to the current invention cotton waste material is subjected to an acidic washing treatment to effectively lower the metal content. This is especially important if the reclaimed fibrous material is intended to be used in the Lyocell process, but also applies for the Viscose process.

The acidic washing treatment according to the current invention may be performed at pH- values between 1,5 and 5, preferably between 2 and 3 at temperatures between room temperature to 100 °C, preferably between 50 to 70 °C for 15 to 120 min, preferably 15 to 60 min. In a preferred embodiment the acidic washing treatment is performed in a way that the degree of polymerization of the cellulose within the cotton waste material is not altered by more than 10%, preferably less than 5% with respect to the initial value.

Metal removal according to the current invention may also be performed by treating the cotton waste material by an aqueous solution of a complexing agent. Preferably, the concentration of the complexing agent in said aqueous solution is lower than 5 kg per ton of oven dried pulp (odtp), and especially preferred below 2 kg/odtp. The treatment of the cotton waste material with an aqueous solution of a complexing agent may be conducted at temperatures between room temperature to 100 °C, preferably between 50 to 80 °C for 15 to 120 min, preferably 15 to 90 min.

The acidic washing step and the treatment with an aqueous solution of a complexing agent may be combined in one process step, by adding the complexing agent to the acidic washing liquor.

After successful metal removal according to the above described treatments a treated sample passes the Sikarex test as described in HP 0781356 Bl .

To ensure that spinning dopes suitable for the use in the Viscose or Lyocell process can be prepared from the reclaimed cotton fibres the cellulose degree of polymerisation or equivalently their viscosity, usually expressed by the intrinsic viscosity ("IV"), has to be adjusted to a certain range. According to the current invention, viscosity adjustment may be performed by oxidative bleaching treatments of the reclaimed cotton fibres. Oxidative bleaching may be conducted free from elementary chlorine ("ECF"), using e.g. Hypochlorides or C10 ₂ , or total chlorine free ("TCF").

A preferred embodiment of the current invention of performing an oxidative bleaching treatment is bleaching of the reclaimed cotton fibres with peroxide, typically referred to as P- stage by a person skilled in the art. Peroxide bleaching according to the current invention may be performed at a pH of 8 to 12, preferably between 10 and 11 , at temperatures between 50 to 100 °C, preferably between 70 to 80 °C for a reaction time of 10 to 120 min, preferably 30 to 60 min. The peroxide dose may be varied between 2 to 40 kg H ₂ 0 ₂ per odtp, preferably between 5 to 15 kg I MVodtp. A stabilizing agent such as complexing agents, silicates, polyphosphates or Mg-salts may be added to the P-stage. Other peroxides like peracetic acid, Caro's acid or the like are applicable, as well.

In another preferred embodiment of the current invention performing an oxidative bleaching treatment is bleaching of the reclaimed cotton fibres with oxygen, typically referred to as O- stage by a person skilled in the art.

Oxygen bleaching according to the current invention may be performed at a pH of 8 to 12, preferably between 10 and 1 1, at temperatures between 50 to 120 °C, preferably between 80 to 100 °C for a reaction time of 15 to 240 min, preferably 60 to 90 min.

The relative oxygen pressure during the O-stage may be 1 to 10 bar, preferably 3 to 6 bar. Another preferred embodiment of the current invention of performing an oxidative bleaching treatment is bleaching of the reclaimed cotton fibres with ozone, typically referred to as Z- stage by a person skilled in the art.

Ozone bleaching according to the current invention may be performed at a pi I of 2 to 5, preferably between 2 and 3, at temperatures between 30 to 90 °C, preferably between 40 to 60 °C for a reaction time of 1 to 120 s, preferably 1 to 10 s.

The ozone dose may be varied between 0.1 to 6 kg 0 ₃ /odtp, preferably between 1 to 3 kg 0 ₃ /odtp. Depending on the initial intrinsic viscosity of the cotton waste material the conditions of said oxidative bleaching treatments may be varied to adjust the final IV of the reclaimed cotton fibres.

If the reclaimed cotton fibres are intended to be used in the production of moulded bodies from regenerated cellulose according to the Viscose process, the IV of said reclaimed cotton fibres should be adjusted in the range between 850 to 300 ml/g, preferably between 650 to 350 ml/g, most preferred between 550 to 400 ml/g.

If the reclaimed cotton fibres are intended to be used in the production of moulded bodies from regenerated cellulose according to the Lyocell process, the IV of said reclaimed cotton fibres should be adjusted in the range between 650 to 300 ml/g, preferably between 500 to 350 ml/g, most preferred between 440 to 360 ml/g.

According to the current invention, it is also possible to combine said oxidative bleaching treatments to achieve the desired IV levels with respect to the Viscose or Lyocell process.

In a preferred embodiment of the current invention, oxidative bleaching treatments are performed subsequently to treating the reclaimed cotton fibres by acidic washing or treating them with an aqueous solution of a complexing agent or after a combination of both of them.

An overview of the possible process embodiments is given in Fig. 1. The current invention additionally enables the use of coloured cotton waste materials as source for reclaiming cotton fibres. By treating said coloured cotton waste material by the described process dyestuff may be removed by washing out during the acidic washing treatment and/or by destroying the chromophores during the oxidative bleaching treatments. Therefore the brightness of the reclaimed cotton fibrous material may be adjusted to the desired level by oxidative bleaching. Preferably the brightness is adjusted to >80% ISO by an oxidative bleaching stage according to the current invention. Another part of the present invention is the use of the reclaimed cotton fibres obtained by the process as described above in the production of a moulded body from regenerated cellulose according to the Viscose process.

The moulded body thus obtained may be a staple fibre, filament fibre, sponge or foil of the Viscose or Modal type.

Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is the use of the reclaimed cotton fibres obtained by the process as described above in the production of a moulded body from regenerated cellulose according to the Lyocell process.

The moulded body thus obtained may be a staple fibre, filament fibre, sponge or foil of the Lyocell type.

The reclaimed cellulosic fibres can be used in the production of such moulded bodies from regenerated cellulose either purely or in blends with commercially available dissolving pulp and the resulting moulded bodies can be used for further processing into textile or nonwoven products.

Advantages when using the described process:

Pretreating pre- or post-consumer cotton waste material or cotton rag pulp produced thereof according to the current invention offers several advantages in the production of moulded bodies from regenerated cellulose by the Viscose or Lyocell process when compared to untreated cotton waste material.

It is an advantage of the current invention that by the described process the total metals content of the reclaimed cotton fibres is lowered to an extend that enables the preparation of thermally stable spinning dopes.

It is another advantage of the current invention that by the described process the overall metals content of the reclaimed cotton fibres is effectively reduced. Less particles in the spinning dopes (both Viscose and Lyocell) leads to better processability. It is another advantage of the current invention that by the described process the intrinsic viscosity of the reclaimed cotton fibres can be adjusted in a broad range. Therefore, the current invention allows that any kind of pre- or post-consumer cotton waste material or cotton rag pulp produced thereof may be used for the manufacturing of moulded bodies from regenerated cellulose via the Viscose or Lyocell process.

It is another advantage of the current invention that by subjecting the reclaimed cotton fibres to the described process their brightness can be adjusted in a broad range. Therefore, the current invention allows that cotton fibres reclaimed from cotton waste materials of various different initial colours may be used for the manufacturing of moulded bodies from regenerated cellulose.

It is still another advantage of the current invention that by subjecting reclaimed cotton fibres to the described process the production moulded bodies from regenerated cellulose via the Viscose or Lyocell process having the similar or even superior properties as compared to such prepared from conventional dissolving pulp is possible.

Last but not least it is another advantage of the current invention that reclaimed cellulosic fibres obtained by the described process may be used either alone or in blends with commercially available dissolving pulp.

Examples:

Example 1 :

A Lyocell spinning dope was prepared from Sample 1 being untreated reclaimed cotton fibres from coloured pre-consumer cotton waste material present in the l rm of cotton rag pulp. Said spinning dope was subjected to the Sikarex test without an pretreatment. Said spinning dope did not pass the Sikarex Test. Example 2:

Another Lyocell spinning dope was prepared from Sample 2 being untreated reclaimed cotton fibres from indigo dyed pre-consumer Denim waste material. Due to the high viscosity of the reclaimed fibres a fibrous cellulose NMMO mixture was obtained, not suitable as spinning dope. Said fibrous cellulose NMMO mixture was subjected to the Sikarex test. Said mixture did not pass the Sikarex Test. Example 3 :

Sample 3 being reclaimed cotton fibres from coloured pre-consumer cotton waste material present in the form of cotton rag pulp was subjected to an acidic washing treatment according to the current invention. Acidic washing was performed at pH 3 at a temperature of 60 °C for 15 min. The sample was dewatered and washed with deionised water. Sample 3 was then subjected to oxidative bleaching by hydrogen peroxide according to the current invention. Hydrogen peroxide bleaching was performed at pH 10,6 for 60 min at 80 °C. The dose of H ₂ 0 ₂ was 10 kg/odtp. 1 kg Mg ²⁺ /odtp was added in the form of Mg(S0 ₄ ) as bleaching auxiliary. Finally, the sample was dewatered, washed with deionised water and air dried. After subjecting sample 3 to said treatments the sample is referred to as sample 3 A-P. The metals content was effectively lowered such that spinning dopes prepared from sample 3 A-P successfully passed the Sikarex test. The intrinsic viscosity of sample 3 A-P was adjusted to 390 ml/g and the brightness was increased to 85,7% ISO.

(1) A Lyocell spinning dope was prepared from a mixture of 10% Sample 3 A-P and 90% conventional dissolving pulp. Said spinning dope was used to produce regenerated cellulosic fibres of the Lyocell type by treating them according to the Lyocell process, as generally known to a person skilled in the art e.g. from EP 0356419 Bl and EP 0671492 B l .

Corresponding fibre data are presented in Table 1 . Example 4:

Sample 3 was subjected to an acidic washing treatment according to the current invention as described in Example 3. Sample 3 was then subjected to oxidative bleaching by ozone according to the current invention. Ozone bleaching was performed at pi I 2,5 for a reaction time of 10 s at 50 °C. The dose of 0 ₃ was 2,9 kg/odtp. Finally, the sample was dewatered, washed with deionised water and air dried.

After subjecting sample 3 to said treatments the sample is referred to as sample 3 A-Z. The metals content was effectively lowered such that spinning dopes prepared from sample 3 A-Z successfully passed the Sikarex test. The intrinsic viscosity of sample 3 A-Z was adjusted to

371 ml/g and the brightness was increased to 82,4% ISO.

Example 5 :

Sample 4 being reclaimed cotton fibres from coloured pre-consumer cotton waste material present in the form of cotton rag pulp was subjected to oxidative bleaching by hydrogen peroxide according to the current invention. Sample 4 was then subjected to an acidic washing treatment according to the current invention. Finally, the sample was dewatered, washed with deionised water and air dried.

After subjecting sample 4 to said treatments the sample is referred to as sample 4 P-A. The metals content was effectively lowered such that spinning dopes prepared from sample 4 P-A successfully passed the Sikarex test. The intrinsic viscosity of sample 4 P-A was adjusted to

372 ml/g and the brightness was increased to 82,1% ISO.

(1) A Lyocell spinning dope was prepared from 100% Sample 4 P-A. Said spinning dope was used to produce regenerated cellulosic fibres of the Lyocell type by treating them according to the Lyocell process.

Corresponding fibre data are presented in Table 1.

(2) A Viscose spinning dope was prepared from 100% Sample 4 P-A. Said spinning dope was used to produce regenerated cellulosic fibres of the Viscose type by treating them according to the Viscose process, as generally known to a person skilled in the art, e.g. from Gotze, "Chemiefasern nach dem Viskoseverfahren', 1967.

Corresponding fibre data are presented in Table 1.

(3) A Viscose spinning dope was prepared from a mixture of 20% Sample 4 P-A and 80% conventional dissolving pulp. Said spinning dope was used to produce regenerated cellulosic fibres of the Viscose type by treating them according to the Viscose process.

Corresponding fibre data are presented in Table 1. Example 6:

Sample 4 after being bleached by hydrogen peroxide was subjected to an acidic washing treatment simultaneously adding a complexing agent in low concentration according to the current invention. The treatment was performed at pH 3 at a temperature of 60 °C for 30 min. EDTA was added as said complexing agent, the concentration was 2 kg/odtp. Finally, the sample was dewatered, washed with deionised water and air dried.

After subjecting sample 4 to said treatments the sample is referred to as sample 4 P-AQ. The metals content was effectively lowered such that spinning dopes prepared from sample 4 P-AQ successfully passed the Sikarex test. The intrinsic viscosity of sample 4 P-AQ was adjusted to 366 ml/g and the brightness was increased to 84,5% ISO.

Example 7:

Sample 5 being reclaimed cotton fibres from coloured pre-consumer cotton waste material present in the form of cotton rag pulp was subjected to oxidative bleaching by hydrogen peroxide according to the current invention. Sample 5 was then subjected to an acidic washing treatment according to the current invention. Finally, the sample was dewatered, washed with deionised water and air dried.

After subjecting sample 5 to said treatments the sample is referred to as sample 5 P-A. The metals content was effectively lowered such that spinning dopes prepared from sample 5 P-A successfully passed the Sikarex test. The intrinsic viscosity of sample 5 P-A was adjusted to 612 ml/g and the brightness was increased to 80,9% ISO.

(1) A Viscose spinning dope was prepared from 100% Sample 5 P-A. Said spinning dope was used to produce regenerated cellulosic fibres of the Modal type by treating them according to the Modal process, as generally known to a person skilled in the art, e.g. from AT 287905.

Corresponding fibre data are presented in Table 1. Example 8:

Sample 6 being untreated reclaimed cotton fibres from indigo dyed pre-consumer Denim waste material was subjected to alkaline cooking similar to CRP production. Subsequently sample 6 was subjected to an acidic washing treatment according to the current invention. Then sample 6 was subjected to an oxidative bleaching sequence according to the current invention. The bleaching sequence consisted of a Z-stage followed by a P-stage. The Z-stage was performed at pIT 2,5 for a reaction time of 10 s at 50 °C. The dose of 0 ₃ was 5.2 kg/odtp. The P-stage bleaching was performed at pH 10,5 for 30 min at 80 °C. The dose of H ₂ 0 ₂ was 10 kg/odtp. 1 kg Mg /odtp was added in the form of Mg(S0 ₄ ) as bleaching auxiliary. Finally, the sample was dewatered, washed with deionised water and air dried.

After subjecting sample 6 to said treatments the sample is referred to as sample 6 A-Z-P. The metals content was effectively lowered such that spinning dopes prepared from sample 6 A-Z- P successfully passed the Sikarex test. The intrinsic viscosity of sample 6 A-Z-P was adjusted to 498 ml/g and the brightness was increased to 90,3% ISO.