PROCESS FOR REDUCING LOSSES IN INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS OF COMBUSTIBLE BURNING AND FOR REDUCING THE GREENHOUSE

EFFECT GAS EMISSIONS

The invention presents a process for reducing loss in the industrial systems for combustible burning and reducing greenhouse effect gas emissions of the solid and liquid combustibles, in boilers and industrial ovens. The pollution of atmosphere with greenhouse effect gases is directly linked with the efficiency of the transformation of the energy from the combustibles used in useful energy. The higher the efficiency of conversion of the thermal energy, the lower the specific greenhouse effect gas emission. The efficiency of this transformation is influenced by the incomplete mechanical and chemical combustion of combustibles (P1 , P2), by the evacuated gas temperature (P3), by the water vaporization from the combustible and burned gases (P4), by the warming of water vapors fromjhe combustibles and the combustible burning (P5), by the warming of water vapors from the combustion air (P6), by the losses by radiation and convection (P7) and by the losses by solid waste (P8). Losses P1 and P2 are due to the presence in the combustibles of higher hydrocarbons, linked in large molecules, with stable chemical bonds and which need high energies for breaking these bonds P2 and the insufficiently fine powdering of combustible particles which enter the combustion process P1. The losses P3 come from the necessity of maintaining a certain temperature at the evacuation of gases resulted from combustion, higher than the acid dew point (temperature of combination of SO ₃ with water vapors). Losses P3 increase also because of the progressive accumulation of deposits on the heat exchange metallic surface, gases resulted from the combustion not being able to transfer enough heat towards the useful fluid.

Losses P4, P5, P6 come from the water in the combustibles, water generated from the combustion process, water which entered the system together with combustion air and from the blowing necessary for the periodical removal of deposits on the heat exchange surfaces. Losses P7 come from joint imperfections, deficitary thermal insulation and are strictly related to the constructive elements of the combustion systems.

Losses P8 evolve proportionally with losses P3 (the evacuated ashes have the same temperature with the evacuated gases) and with losses P1 , P2, because many of the evacuated particles will continue to get oxidized, producing heat, after they have left the useful zone. In order to reduce one or more losses of this type, several technological processes were developed. KR20040100183 - proposes a system for injecting oxygen in the combustion for reducing losses P1 , P2. The system is complicated, expensive and treats only losses from mechanical and chemical unbumed.... . .

GB1189356, CN1667100 and others - propose admixture systems of combustibles, concentrating on the reduction of losses P1 , P2 and partially P3, without considering losses P4, P5, P6, P8.

GB2428312, KR20040080747, JP2003269886, CA869295, GB1187811 , DE10348013, US5687449 - relate to the optimization of the work of systems of blowing, especially with gas, of the deposits accumulated on the heat exchange surfaces, for diminishing losses P3. All deposit blowing systems have the essential disadvantage of increasing losses P4, P5 and P6, contributing, at the same time at accelerating the corrosion process. KR20040092821 , JP2002309265, DE19620047 - propose processes and installations for the predrying of combustibles, contributing to reducing losses P4. JP11094460 - proposes a process and an installation of predrying the combustion air, for reducing losses P6.

All these technologies relate to reducing one or another of the efficiency losses in the manufacture of thermal energy. For an increase in efficiency the application of a multitude of technologies is necessary, each of them contributing to reducing a chapter of a loss category. There are no known technologies which would reduce the evacuation temperature of the combustion under the acid dew point and implicitly of the ashes evacuation temperature.

The technical problem solved by the present invention is that of reducing concomitantly several loss categories, by an unique action, which would simultaneously reduce P1 , P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and P8 (losses P7 depend on the constructive elements of the combustion system and cannot be influenced by the optimization of the combustion process).

The present invention relates to a process of reducing the losses of industrial systems by continuously additivating the combustion air with compositions which would allow the concomitant reduction of losses by incomplete combustion, losses due to the heat of evacuated gases, losses generated by the use of soot blowers with steam and losses due to the high temperature of evacuation of residues resulted from the burning of combustibles.

The process according to the invention, provides the conditions for the production of atomic oxygen in the combustion reactions, by introducing very small quantities of active compositions in the combustion air, which release, starting at 300 ⁰ C, atomic oxygen, which has sufficient energy to break the stable bonds of the molecules of higher hydrocarbons and has the possibility to oxidize more rapidly larger particles, and which leads to the reduction of losses P1 and P2. Combustion reactions occur at a higher rate and do not allow the formation of SO ₃ . Therefore, the temperature of the evacuated combustion gases can be lowered under the acid dew point, which will diminish the losses P3.

By oxidizing higher hydrocarbons the formation of deposits on the heat exchange metallic surfaces is prevented and the use of soot blowers is not necessary anymore, leading to the decrease of losses P4. Due to the decrease of the evacuation temperature, ashes are evacuated at lower temperature leading to the decrease of losses P8.

By applying the process according to the invention several advantages of the operation of the combustible burning are obtained:

- heat losses due to the mechanical incomplete combustion are reduced; - heat losses due to the chemical incomplete combustion are reduced;

- heat losses due to the use of soot blowers are reduced;

- heat losses due to the evacuation of ashes at high temperature are reduced;

- the corrosion of the subassemblies at the terminal end of combustion systems is reduced.

The following examples are embodiments of the invention: Example 1 :

In the combustion air is dosed by injection at a ratio of 10 ^'6 ... 10 ^~2 of the sum of chromium and vanadium quantities of the combustible, a composition made of, in weight percentage:

- potassium bichromate 1 ,5 ... 4,0 -acetic acid solution in demineralised water with pH 5,5 ... 7,0 96 ... 98,5 %

Example 2:

In the combustion air is injected at a ratio of 10 ^"6 ... 10 ^"2 of the sum of chromium and vanadium quantities from the combustible, composition made of, in weight percentage:

- barium bichromate 1 ,5 ... 4,0 -acetic acid solution in demineralised water with pH 5,5 ... 7,0 96 ... 98,5 %