The present invention, according to a first aspect thereof, refers to a block of concrete, clay or other material, of a front radiused shape or with concatenated planes and on the rear with lobes, which, with a single type of block, allows composing coupled masonries, mutually engaged in order to obtain curves with radii at will, from the lowest one with a diameter lower than 1 meter to an infinite radius of a straight masonry.

According to a second aspect thereof, the present invention refers to blocks which can be mutually engaged, because they have, on their rear face, two dovetail-shaped half-wings.

According to a third aspect of the invention, a building process is provided, which allows weaving a masonry with opposed paired blocks, which make the masonry monolithic with a skin endothermic coat. The mentioned building process for masonry allows stacking in successive orders the prefabricated components, made of concrete, clay or the like, commonly called blocks, arranged along two adjacent rows in the masonry thickness, so that a joint is obtained both between blocks of adjacent rows and between blocks in following orders with union gluing agents.

Object of the present invention is putting innovative products on the market, which allows building both straight masonry and straight masonry with curves at will, with the building laying process, simplified and quickened by the concrete union gluing agent, which is attached to the septa by a simple abutment, avoiding to lay the traditional mortar.

The building process of the second aspect has blocks with due joints shaped as a half-dovetail on the whole height of the block of the rear face, which get stuck in the two half-tails of the same blocks overturned on the opposed row. The blocks do not stop at the level of the horizontal faces, but drop on two different levels, creating an offset between contiguous rows which generates the three- dimensional engagement .

The following prior art is known: US patent n. 2.884.780 filed on 5 May 1959 in the name of T. C. Ramirez, which has the double opposed dovetails which get struck by a half on four blocks, generating production difficulties; French patent n. 1.044.160 filed on 25 October 1951 in the name of M. A. Pintat, which discloses a straight dovetail without all those specificities described in the claims of the present Application, and following imitations which have never found an application.

It is intended that all enclosed claims are an integral part of the present description.

The enclosed drawings are an example and schematic illustration of the invention and its operation. In particular:

- figure 1 is an upper view of a wall or a lateral part of an arc, which points out the weaving with joints and concatenations, according to the first aspect of the invention; - figure 2 is an upper view which points out the cuts of the blocks for different curves, according to the first aspect of the invention;

- figure 3 is a side view of the wall composed of the prefabricated modular components, which points out the concatenation on offset rows according to the first aspect of the invention;

- figure 4 is an upper view of the wall composed of the prefabricated modular components with the two dovetail -shaped half-joints according to the second aspect of the invention;

- figure 5 is an upper view of the prefabricated modular component with its septa at 60° according to the second aspect of the invention; - figure 6 is an upper and side view of the wall which points out the level differences between adjacent rows, the concatenation of every block with the four front blocks and the two side blocks, according to the second aspect of the invention; - figure 7 is an upper view of the wall which points out the structure with the concatenation of opposed equilateral triangles, with a central groove which encloses at least one diameter of 6 cm. according to the second aspect of the invention;

- figure 8 shows the skin endothermal coat with hollow spaces in the masonry, between ground and floor and under the roof, according to the third aspect of the invention; and

- figure 9 is an upper view of a wall which points out the weaving with the hollow spaces for passing air and the recesses for pillars according to the third aspect of the invention.

With reference to figure 1, a composition is shown, which is both straight and radiused, of the prefabricated components of the first aspect of the invention, pointing out the lobes 10, the recesses 11 and the wings 12.

With reference to figure 2, a masonry is shown with multiple curves, pointing out the cuts 13 only on the internal face of the masonry to allow all types of curves .

With reference to figure, the offset of the blocks between adjacent rows is shown.

With reference to figure 4, a wall of the second aspect of the invention is shown, with the air passages 10 formed of the holes along the continuous wall 11, which has two dovetail -shaped half-joints 12 having a seal on the two orthogonal reference axes and the bevel 13 is pointed out, which allows the sealing which simultaneously occurs with the wall plastering, therefore without additional costs and times with respect to the normal laying process .

With reference to figure 5, a thick prefabricated modular component is shown, where side recesses 10 are pointed out, together with big-sized holes 11 for making the masonry with insulating material inserted to improve the masonry insulation, and the hollow space 12 along the external wall, which forms the vented wall. With reference to figure 6, the offset of the block between adjacent rows is shown.

With reference to figure 7, a structure is shown with opposed equilateral triangles for the masonry. The block geometry has been designed with joints and septa inclined by 60° , which point out a continuous series of opposed equilateral triangles, which have the specificity of creating a grid for distributing the forces and for dispersing the sound waves, which act on the masonry. The building process moves the hold of the union mortar between the blocks from the currently used horizontal and vertical layers, with surface gluing agents which adhere upon a simple contact and with the shimming or plastering which penetrates between the two blocks of the external wall without additional costs and times.

On both flanks of the blocks, there is a big polygonal groove 10, which, with side-by-side blocks, forms at least one diameter of 6 cm necessary for the current standards regarding reinforced masonry.

The blocks have the double continuous wall 11 on the external face, which creates continuous channels for passing air or tubes.

To satisfy all building needs both in hot and in cold climates, the blocks are built with many thicknesses, of which one is thick with big-sized intermediate holes 12, which can be filled with insulating material to improve the masonry insulation. The process according to the second aspect of the invention consists in making a plurality of prefabricated modular components conforming a side face thereof with two dovetail- shaped half-joints, in which the two side, male, dovetail -shaped projections have opposite inclined faces, which delimit a corresponding central, female, dovetail -shaped recess. A following vertical order of said modular components is juxtaposed to said vertical order, engaging the union dovetails till a desired vertical (for example, a wall) , or horizontal (for example, curbs or slabs) structural element is formed, in which the dovetail joints make the structure monolithic. In particular, in order to make a masonry, the steps are performed of engaging in succession the modular components, one with the joint oriented inwards, the other with the joint oriented outwards, till a continuous structure is formed, which is as long as required; and overlapping a second order to the first order, inserting the blocks with joints in succession, going on from row to row till the whole masonry is obtained.

In order to male attic curbs or panels, the following steps are performed: laterally flanking to a first component a following prefabricated modular component, and engaging on the top a third component with the first two components, so that the dovetail of the upper componente contains the two half-dovetails of the two lower components and the heading joints mutually compenetrate, repeating the operation in succession till the desired length. Supporting metallic lattices are then inserted, exploiting the recesses formed by the wall of the upper block and by the inclined wall of the lower blocks, on which a band of concrete is poured, which embeds the metallic reinforcement in order to make self-carrying panels with which curbs and attics can be built.

According to the first aspect of the invention, the block geometry is composed of an external face, which is radiused or with concatenated planes, whose winds end with a concave radiused joint and an opposite convex joint with the same radius, which allow the mutual rotation of the two paired blocks, and on the internal facade, a series of lobes and curves, which allow engaging a block in half with two corresponding opposed blocks, offset in height with four blocks. The block can be filled or with empty areas, both centrally and in the various lobes or wings, which can be stiffened with rod irons and/or filled with concrete. In order to male all types of curves, it is necessary to cut a single side of a wing of the internal block, cut which contributes to the hold of the side block. On all concrete blocks, of both solutions, the surface finish of the facade can be smooth, splitted with raw stone effect, ribbed, with steps and projections, with various shapes of pockets to house plates and colored with crushed stones or oxides of the desired colors . The building process according to the first aspect of the invention allows weaving the masonry with mutually engaged lobes of the internal faces, with each block which is joined with other four blocks, placed offset by a portion or by half height, and the wings which are engaged in the side blocks : therefore, each block is engaged with six blocks, making the masonry monolithic. In particular, in order to make a vertical or horizontal arc masonry, these steps are performed: taking the block, resting it on the bed of the concrete gluing agent, so that it is attached on its surface in a sufficient amount and directly engage it into the other blocks of the masonry. To increase the specificity of shape and building process, a concrete gluing agent had to be devised, which allows joining the blocks through a simple abutment thereof on a bed of gluing agent to which the same is attached, and can be immediately positioned in the masonry, without further additions of mortar, like in traditional masonries, also because the blocks are laid vertically aligned one over the other, and not offset. For masonries or arcs with different curves, it is enough to cut a wing at the exact length only of the internal block with simple commonplace cutting devices.

Always according to its aspect, the present invention refers to a block made of concrete or other material with its front shape radiused or with concatenated planes, wings with radiused joints and rear side with lobes, which allows executing single double, mutually engaged masonry, in order to make curves with radii at will, from the smallest radius lower than one meter to an infinite radius of a straight masonry.

The block geometry is composed of the external face, whose wings end with a concave radiused joint and a convex joint, which, when joined together, allow the mutual rotation of the two blocks (fig. 2) .

On the internal face, there are two lobes in extension and two side recesses with suitable radii and angles, which allow the blocks to mutually engage with wide possibilities of angles and following curves of the masonry (fig. 2) .

A weaving of the masonry is further provided, so that each front block is placed with planes or offset by a portion or by half height with respect to the rear blocks, so that it is joined with other four blocks, in addition to the two side blocks, obtaining monolithic masonries both of the dry type, and with concrete gluing agent with continuous concatenations of six blocks and the cuts for managing the different radii of curvature (fig. 3) .

A concrete gluing agent with high thixotropy is used, with which, by simply resting the block onto the bed of gluing agent, it is attached on its surface in the amount necessary for a union.

According to the third aspect of the invention, masonries are provided with the "skin endothermic coat" wherein air, taken from outside and intubated, is spun under the ground around the house, in order to absorb its temperature, usually for the whole year at our latitudes between 12° and 15°. Air, endothermally conditioned, is then circulated at skin inside all external surfaces of the house, from floor to roof, passing in the hollow spaces created between the ground and the slab 10, then into the holes of the blocks of the perimeter curbs of the foundations 11, from where it passes in the hollow spaces of the external masonry 12, and from there it reaches the hollow space of the roof 13. Air from the roof is expelled through solar chimneys having metal hoods which, warmed by the sun, increase its suction or, with the cold of the night, reduce its suction by acting as natural air conditioners without the help of electric aspirators.

Moreover, masonries allow forming pillars inside them (fig. 9) , with wings and recesses 10 which allow placing rod irons inside them without metallic cages.