ZHANG XIONG (CN)
JENTSCH NICHOLAS (CA)
PIOTROWSKI MATHEW (CA)
FRAGIS MEGHAN (CA)
JOHNSON JARROD (CA)
IRWIN LAUREN (CA)
WO2020249184A1 | 2020-12-17 | |||
WO2021237371A1 | 2021-12-02 |
CA3081858A1 | 2021-11-29 |
BAEK SEUNG-HWA: "Spectroscopic Methods for Distinguishing Primary and Secondary Allylation Products", BULLETIN KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 14, no. 1, 1 January 1993 (1993-01-01), pages 144 - 146, XP093018683
CHUKICHEVA, I. YU . ET AL.: "Synthesis and Biological Activity of Prenylated Phenols", CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS, vol. 54, no. 5, September 2018 (2018-09-01), XP036597827, ISSN: 0009-3130, DOI: 10.1007/s10600-018-2503-z
CHUKICHEVA, I.Y.;FEDOROVA, I.V.;KOROLEVA, A.A.;KUCHIN, A.V.;: "Alkylation of phenol by nerol in the presence of organoaluminum compounds", CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS, SPRINGER NATURE, 1 February 2013 (2013-02-01), pages 535 - 540, XP018506192, ISSN: 1573-8388, DOI: 10.1007/s10600-012-0303-4
ZHANG XIONG: "ALUMINA DIRECTED ORTHO ALLYLATION OF PHENOLS", PH.D THESIS, ONTARIO, 1 August 2020 (2020-08-01), Ontario, XP093018689, Retrieved from the Internet
CLAIMS: 1. A process for preparing a compound of Formula (I): comprising reacting a compound of Formula (II): with a compound of Formula (III): in presence of aluminum compound selected from alumina and aluminum alkoxides and in a non-protic solvent to form the compound of Formula (I), wherein: R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from H, OH, protected hydroxyl, halo, CN, NO2, COOH, C1-20alkyl, C1-20haloalkyl, C2-20alkenyl, C2-20alkynyl, C3-20cycloalkyl, C3- 20heterocycloalkyl, aryl, C5-20heteroaryl, Z-C1-20alkyl, Z-C2-20alkenyl, Z-C2-20alkynyl, Z-C3- 20cycloalkyl, Z-C3-20heterocycloalkyl, Z-aryl, and Z-C5-20heteroaryl, wherein the later 14 groups are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from ═O, OH, NH2, halo, NHC1-20alkyl, N(C1-20alkyl)(C1-20alkyl), C1-20alkyl, C2- 20alkenyl, C2-20alkynyl, OC1-20alkyl, OC2-20alkenyl, OC2-20alkynyl, SC1-20alkyl, SC2-20alkenyl, SC2-20alkynyl, S(O)C1-20alkyl, S(O)C2-20alkenyl, S(O)C2-20alkynyl, SO2C1-20alkyl, SO2C2- 20alkenyl, SO2C2-20alkynyl, aryl, C5-20heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, and C3-20heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-20alkyl, C1-20haloalkyl, C2-20alkenyl, OC1-20alkyl and OC1-20haloalkyl, or R1 and R2, R2 and R3 and/or R3 and R4 are linked together to form a polycyclic ring system having 8 or more atoms including the atoms in the phenyl ring to which said R1, R2, R3 and R4 groups are bonded, and in which one or more carbon atoms in said polycyclic ring system is optionally replaced with a heteromoiety selected from NR9, O and S, and the polycyclic ring system is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from =O, OH, NH2, halo, NHC1-20alkyl, N(C1-20alkyl)(C1-20alkyl), C1- 20alkyl, C2-20alkenyl, C2-20alkynyl, OC1-20alkyl, OC2-20alkenyl, OC2-20alkynyl, SC1-20alkyl, SC2- 20alkenyl, SC2-20alkynyl, S(O)C1-20alkyl, S(O)C2-20alkenyl, S(O)C2-20alkynyl, SO2C1-20alkyl, SO2C2-20alkenyl, SO2C2-20alkynyl, aryl, C5-20heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, and C3- 20heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-20alkyl, C1-20haloalkyl, C2- 20alkenyl, OC1-20alkyl and OC1-20haloalkyl; Z is selected from O, C(O), CO2, S, SO2, SO, and NR10; R5 is selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C1-6haloalkyl; R6 is selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C1-6haloalkyl; R7 is selected from C1-20alkyl, C2-20alkenyl, C2-20alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from =O, OH, NH2, halo, CN, NO2, COOH, NHC1- 20alkyl, N(C1-20alkyl)(C1-20alkyl), C1-20alkyl, C2-20alkenyl, C2-20alkynyl, OC1-20alkyl, OC2- 20alkenyl, OC2-20alkynyl, SC1-20alkyl, SC2-20alkenyl, SC2-20alkynyl, S(O)C1-20alkyl, S(O)C2- 20alkenyl, S(O)C2-20alkynyl, SO2C1-20alkyl, SO2C2-20alkenyl, SO2C2-20alkynyl, aryl, C5- 20heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, and C3-20heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-20alkyl, C1-20haloalkyl, C2-20alkenyl, OC1-20alkyl and OC1-20haloalkyl; R8 is selected from H, C1-20alkyl, C2-20alkenyl, C2-20alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from =O, OH, NH2, halo, CN, NO2, COOH, NHC1- 20alkyl, N(C1-20alkyl)(C1-20alkyl), C1-20alkyl, C2-20alkenyl, C2-20alkynyl, OC1-20alkyl, OC2- 20alkenyl, OC2-20alkynyl, SC1-20alkyl, SC2-20alkenyl, SC2-20alkynyl, S(O)C1-20alkyl, S(O)C2- 20alkenyl, S(O)C2-20alkynyl, SO2C1-20alkyl, SO2C2-20alkenyl, SO2C2-20alkynyl, aryl, C5- 20heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, and C3-20heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-20alkyl, C1-20haloalkyl, C2-20alkenyl, OC1-20alkyl and OC1-20haloalkyl; or any R5 and R6, R5 and R7 or R7 and R8 are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted monocyclic or polycyclic ring system having 3 or more atoms together with the carbon atoms to which these groups are bonded and are therebetween, and in which one or more carbon atoms in the monocyclic or polycyclic ring system is optionally replaced with a heteromoiety selected from NR11, O and S, and the monocyclic or polycyclic ring system is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from =O, OH, NH2, halo, NHC1-20alkyl, N(C1-20alkyl)(C1-20alkyl), C1-20alkyl, C2- 20alkenyl, C2-20alkynyl, OC1-20alkyl, OC2-20alkenyl, OC2-20alkynyl, SC1-20alkyl, SC2-20alkenyl, SC2-20alkynyl, S(O)C1-20alkyl, S(O)C2-20alkenyl, S(O)C2-20alkynyl, SO2C1-20alkyl, SO2C2- 20alkenyl, SO2C2-20alkynyl, aryl, C5-20heteroaryl, C3-20cycloalkyl, and C3-20heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-20alkyl, C1-20haloalkyl, C2-20alkenyl, OC1-20alkyl and OC1-20haloalkyl; R9, R10 and R11 are independently selected from H, C1-6alkyl and C1-6haloalkyl. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from H, OH, protected hydroxyl, halo, CN, NO2, COOH, C1-10alkyl, C1-10haloalkyl, C2-10alkenyl, C2-10alkynyl, C3-10cycloalkyl, C3-10heterocycloalkyl, aryl, C5-10heteroaryl, Z-C1-10alkyl, Z-C2- 10alkenyl, Z-C2-10alkynyl, Z-C3-10cycloalkyl, Z-C3-10heterocycloalkyl, Z-aryl, and Z-C5- 10heteroaryl, wherein the later 14 groups are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from ═O, OH, NH2, halo, NHC1-10alkyl, N(C1-10alkyl)(C1- 10alkyl), C1-10alkyl, C2-10alkenyl, C2-10alkynyl, OC1-10alkyl, OC2-10alkenyl, OC2-10alkynyl, SC1- 10alkyl, SC2-10alkenyl, SC2-10alkynyl, S(O)C1-10alkyl, S(O)C2-10alkenyl, S(O)C2-10alkynyl, SO2C1-10alkyl, SO2C2-10alkenyl, SO2C2-10alkynyl, aryl, C5-10heteroaryl, C3-10cycloalkyl, and C3-10heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-10alkyl, C1-10haloalkyl, C2-10alkenyl, OC1-10alkyl and OC1-10haloalkyl. 3. The process of claim 2, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from H, OH, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, C1-10alkyl, C1-10haloalkyl, C2-10alkenyl, Z-C1-10alkyl and Z-C2- 10alkenyl, wherein the later 5 groups are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, NH2, halo, NHC1-10alkyl, N(C1-6alkyl)(C1- 6alkyl), C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, OC1-6alkyl, OC2-6alkenyl, OC2-6alkynyl, SC1-6alkyl and SC2- 6alkenyl; the latter 9 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C2-6alkenyl, OC1-6alkyl and OC1-6haloalkyl 4. The process of claim 3, wherein R1 is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, C1-10alkyl, C1-10haloalkyl and Z-C1-10alkyl. 5. The process of claim 3 or claim 4, wherein R2 is selected from H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, C1-10alkyl, C1-10haloalkyl, C2-10alkenyl and Z-C1-10alkyl. 6. The process of any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein R4 is selected from H, OH, C1- 10alkyl, C1-10haloalkyl and Z-C1-10alkyl. 7. The process of any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein Z is selected from SO2, O, C(O) and NR10. 8. The process of any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein Z is selected from O and C(O). 9. The process of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (II) is selected from 10. The process of claim 1, wherein R4 is OH and the compound of Formula (II) is wherein: R2 is selected from H, OH, protected hydroxyl, halo, CN, NO2, COOH, C1-10alkyl, C1- 10haloalkyl, C2-10alkenyl, C2-10alkynyl, C3-10cycloalkyl, C3-10heterocycloalkyl, aryl, C5- 10heteroaryl, Z-C1-10alkyl, Z-C2-10alkenyl, Z-C2-10alkynyl, Z-C3-10cycloalkyl, Z-C3- 10heterocycloalkyl, Z-aryl, and Z-C5-10heteroaryl, wherein the later 14 groups are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from ═O, OH, NH2, halo, NHC1-6alkyl, N(C1-6alkyl)(C1-6alkyl), C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, OC1- 6alkyl, OC2-6alkenyl, OC2-6alkynyl, SC1-6alkyl, SC2-6alkenyl, SC2-6alkynyl, S(O)C1-6alkyl, S(O)C2-6alkenyl, S(O)C2-6alkynyl, SO2C1-6alkyl, SO2C2-6alkenyl, SO2C2-6alkynyl, aryl, C5- 10heteroaryl, C3-10cycloalkyl, and C3-10heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C2-6alkenyl, OC1-6alkyl and OC1-6haloalkyl; Z is selected from O, C(O), CO2, S, SO2, SO, and NR10; and R10 is selected from C1-6alkyl and C1-6fluoroalkyl. 11. The process of claim 10, wherein R2 is selected from H, halo, OH, C1-10alkyl, C1- 10fluoroalkyl, and C2-10alkenyl. 12. The process of claim 11, wherein R2 is C1-10alkyl. 13. The process of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the compound of Formula (II) is selected from 14. The process of claim 1, wherein R1 and R2, R2 and R3 and/or R3 and R4 are linked together to form a polycyclic ring system having 10 or more atoms including the atoms in the phenyl ring to which said R1, R2, R3 and R4 groups are bonded, and in which one to three carbon atoms in said polycyclic ring system is optionally replaced with a heteromoiety selected from NR9, O and S, and the polycyclic ring system is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from =O, OH, NH2, halo, NHC1- 20alkyl, N(C1-10alkyl)(C1-10alkyl), C1-10alkyl, C2-10alkenyl, C2-10alkynyl, OC1-10alkyl, OC2- 10alkenyl, OC2-10alkynyl, SC1-10alkyl, SC2-10alkenyl, SC2-10alkynyl, S(O)C1-10alkyl, S(O)C2- 10alkenyl, S(O)C2-10alkynyl, SO2C1-10alkyl, SO2C2-10alkenyl, SO2C2-10alkynyl, aryl, C5- 10heteroaryl, C3-10cycloalkyl, and C3-10heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-10alkyl, C1-10haloalkyl, C2-10alkenyl, OC1-10alkyl and OC1-10haloalkyl. 15. The process of claim 14, wherein R3 and R4 are linked together to form a polycyclic ring system having 10 or more atoms including the atoms in the phenyl ring to which said R3 and R4 groups are bonded, and the polycyclic ring system is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from =O, OH, NH2, halo, NHC1- 20alkyl, N(C1-10alkyl)(C1-10alkyl), C1-10alkyl, C2-10alkenyl, C2-10alkynyl, OC1-10alkyl, OC2- 10alkenyl, OC2-10alkynyl, SC1-10alkyl, SC2-10alkenyl, SC2-10alkynyl, S(O)C1-10alkyl, S(O)C2- 10alkenyl, S(O)C2-10alkynyl, SO2C1-10alkyl, SO2C2-10alkenyl, SO2C2-10alkynyl, aryl, C5- 10heteroaryl, C3-10cycloalkyl, and C3-10heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-10alkyl, C1-10haloalkyl, C2-10alkenyl, OC1-10alkyl and OC1-10haloalkyl. 16. The process of claim 15, wherein R3 and R4 are linked together to form a polycyclic ring system and the compound of Formula (II) has the following structure: , wherein: R1 is selected from H, C1-6alkyl and fluoroC1-6alkyl; R2 is selected from H, C1-6alkyl and fluoroC1-6alkyl; each R12' is independently selected from OH, NH2, halo, NO2, CN, COOH, NHC1-10alkyl, N(C1-10alkyl)(C1-10alkyl), C1-10alkyl, C2-10alkenyl, C2-10alkynyl, OC1-10alkyl, OC1-10fluoroalkyl, OC2-10alkenyl, OC2-10alkynyl, SC1-10alkyl, SC1-10fluoroalkyl SC2-10alkenyl, SC2-10alkynyl, S(O)C1-10alkyl, S(O)C1-10fluoroalkyl, S(O)C2-10alkenyl, S(O)C2-10alkynyl, SO2C1-10alkyl, SO2C1-10fluoroalkyl, SO2C2-10alkenyl, SO2C2-10alkynyl, aryl, C5-10heteroaryl, C3-10cycloalkyl, and C3-10heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1- 6fluoroalkyl C2-6alkenyl, OC1-6alkyl and OC1-6fluoroalkyl; and k is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. 17. The process of claim 16, wherein the compound of Formula (II) is . 18. The process of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein R5 and R7 in the compound of Formula (III) are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted monocyclic ring. 19. The process of claim 18, wherein the compound of Formula (III) has the following structure: (III-A) wherein: R8 is selected from H, C1-6alkyl and fluoroC1-6alkyl; R6 is selected from H, C1-6alkyl and fluoroC1-6alkyl; each R12 is independently selected from =O, OH, NH2, halo, NHC1-10alkyl, N(C1-10alkyl)(C1- 10alkyl), C1-10alkyl, C2-10alkenyl, C2-10alkynyl, OC1-10alkyl, OC1-10fluoroalkyl, OC2-10alkenyl, OC2-10alkynyl, SC1-10alkyl, SC1-10fluoroalkyl SC2-10alkenyl, SC2-10alkynyl, S(O)C1-10alkyl, S(O)C1-10fluoroalkyl, S(O)C2-10alkenyl, S(O)C2-10alkynyl, SO2C1-10alkyl, SO2C1-10fluoroalkyl SO2C2-10alkenyl, SO2C2-10alkynyl, aryl, C5-10heteroaryl, C3-10cycloalkyl, and C3- 10heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6fluoroalkyl C2- 6alkenyl, OC1-6alkyl and OC1-6fluoroalkyl; m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and n is 1, 2, 3 or 4. 20. The process of claim 19, wherein the compound of Formula (III-A) is selected from: wherein: R8 is selected from H, C1-6alkyl and fluoroC1-6alkyl; and R12 is selected from =O, OH, NH2, halo, NHC1-10alkyl, N(C1-10alkyl)(C1-10alkyl), C1-10alkyl, C2- 10alkenyl, C2-10alkynyl, OC1-10alkyl, OC1-10fluoroalkyl, OC2-10alkenyl, OC2-10alkynyl, SC1- 10alkyl, SC1-10fluoroalkyl SC2-10alkenyl, SC2-10alkynyl, S(O)C1-10alkyl, S(O)C1-10fluoroalkyl, S(O)C2-10alkenyl, S(O)C2-10alkynyl, SO2C1-10alkyl, SO2C1-10fluoroalkyl SO2C2-10alkenyl, SO2C2-10alkynyl, aryl, C5-10heteroaryl, C3-10cycloalkyl, and C3-10heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6fluoroalkyl C2-6alkenyl, OC1-6alkyl and OC1-6fluoroalkyl. 21. The process of claim 20, wherein R12 is C2-10alkenyl which is unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1- 4alkyl, C1-4fluoroalkyl, C2-4alkenyl, OC1-4alkyl and OC1-4fluoroalkyl. 22. The process of claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the compound of Formula (III-A) is selected from 23. The process of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the compound of Formula (III) has the following structure: wherein each R13 is independently selected from =O, OH, NH2, halo, CN, NO2, COOH, NHC1-10alkyl, N(C1-10alkyl)(C1-10alkyl), C1-10alkyl, C2-10alkenyl, C2-10alkynyl, OC1-10alkyl, OC1-10fluoroalkyl, OC2-10alkenyl, OC2-10alkynyl, SC1-10alkyl, SC1-10fluoroalkyl SC2-10alkenyl, SC2-10alkynyl, S(O)C1-10alkyl, S(O)C1-10fluoroalkyl, S(O)C2-10alkenyl, S(O)C2-10alkynyl, SO2C1-10alkyl, SO2C1-10fluoroalkyl SO2C2-10alkenyl, SO2C2-10alkynyl, aryl, C5-10heteroaryl, C3-10cycloalkyl, and C3-10heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1- 6fluoroalkyl, C2-6alkenyl, OC1-6alkyl and OC1-6fluoroalkyl; p is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and q is 01, 2, 3 or 4. 24. The process of claim 23, wherein the compound of Formula (III) is selected from 25. The process of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the compound of Formula (III) has the following structure: wherein: R7 is selected from C1-10alkyl, C2-10alkenyl, C2-10alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from =O, OH, NH2, halo, CN, NO2, COOH, NHC1- 6alkyl, N(C1-6alkyl)(C1-6alkyl), C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, OC1-6alkyl, OC2-6alkenyl, OC2-6alkynyl, SC1-6alkyl, SC2-6alkenyl, SC2-6alkynyl, S(O)C1-6alkyl, S(O)C2-6alkenyl, S(O)C2- 6alkynyl, SO2C1-6alkyl, SO2C2-6alkenyl, SO2C2-6alkynyl, aryl, C5-10heteroaryl, C3-10cycloalkyl, and C3-10heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1- 6fluoroalkyl, C2-6alkenyl, OC1-6alkyl and OC1-6fluoroalkyl; and R8 is selected from H, C1-6alkyl and fluoroC1-6alkyl. 26. The process of claim 25, wherein R7 is selected from C1-10alkyl, C2-10alkenyl, C2- 10alkynyl, C3-10cycloalkyl and C3-10heterocycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from =O, OH, NH2, halo, CN, NO2, COOH NHC1-6alkyl, N(C1-6alkyl)(C1-6alkyl), C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, OC1- 6alkyl, OC2-6alkenyl, OC2-6alkynyl, SC1-6alkyl, SC2-6alkenyl, SC2-6alkynyl, S(O)C1-6alkyl, S(O)C2-6alkenyl, S(O)C2-6alkynyl, SO2C1-6alkyl, SO2C2-6alkenyl, SO2C2-6alkynyl, aryl, C5- 10heteroaryl, C3-10cycloalkyl, and C3-10heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6fluoroalkyl, C2-6alkenyl, OC1-6alkyl and OC1-6fluoroalkyl. 27. , The process of claim 26, wherein R7 is C1-10alkyl. 28. The process of claim 26, wherein R7 is C2-10alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from NH2, F, Cl, CN, NO2, COOH NHC1-6alkyl, N(C1-6alkyl)(C1-6alkyl), C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, OC1-6alkyl, OC2-6alkenyl, OC2-6alkynyl, SC1-6alkyl, SC2-6alkenyl, SC2-6alkynyl, S(O)C1-6alkyl, S(O)C2- 6alkenyl, S(O)C2-6alkynyl, SO2C1-6alkyl, SO2C2-6alkenyl, SO2C2-6alkynyl, aryl, C5- 10heteroaryl, C3-10cycloalkyl, and C3-10heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6fluoroalkyl, C2-6alkenyl, OC1-6alkyl and OC1-6fluoroalkyl. In an embodiment, R7 is C2-10alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from F, Cl, C1-6alkyl and C2-6alkenyl. In 29. The process of claim 25, wherein R7 is aryl or C5-6heteroaryl which are unsubstituted or substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from OH, NH2, F, Cl, CN, NO2, COOH, NHC1-6alkyl, N(C1-4alkyl)(C1-4alkyl), C1-4alkyl, and OC1-4alkyl the latter 4 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more halo. 30. The process any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the compound of Formula (III) is selected from 31. The process of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) comprises a prenyl functional group or repeating prenyl functional groups, and the compound of Formula (I) is selected from a prenylated or polyprenylated cannabinoid, phenol, resorcinol, chalconoid, moracin, stilbenoid, polycyclic aromatic, flavanonol, isoflavanonol, flavonol, isoflavonol, chromone, coumarin and xanthone. 32. The process of claim 31, wherein Formula (I) is selected from a cannabinoid. 33. The process of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is selected from: 34. A process for preparing a compound of Formula I-A: (I-A) comprising reacting a compound of Formula (II): with a compound of Formula (III-A): (III-A) in presence of aluminum compound selected from alumina and aluminum alkoxides and in a non-protic solvent to form the compound of Formula (I-A), wherein: R2 is selected from H, OH, protected hydroxyl, halo, CN, NO2, COOH, C1-10alkyl, C1- 10haloalkyl, C2-10alkenyl, C2-10alkynyl, C3-10cycloalkyl, C3-10heterocycloalkyl, aryl, C5- 10heteroaryl, Z-C1-10alkyl, Z-C2-10alkenyl, Z-C2-10alkynyl, Z-C3-10cycloalkyl, Z-C3- 10heterocycloalkyl, Z-aryl, and Z-C5-10heteroaryl, wherein the later 14 groups are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from ═O, OH, NH2, halo, NHC1-6alkyl, N(C1-6alkyl)(C1-6alkyl), C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, OC1- 6alkyl, OC2-6alkenyl, OC2-6alkynyl, SC1-6alkyl, SC2-6alkenyl, SC2-6alkynyl, S(O)C1-6alkyl, S(O)C2-6alkenyl, S(O)C2-6alkynyl, SO2C1-6alkyl, SO2C2-6alkenyl, SO2C2-6alkynyl, aryl, C5- 10heteroaryl, C3-10cycloalkyl, and C3-10heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C2-6alkenyl, OC1-6alkyl and OC1-6haloalkyl; Z is selected from O, C(O), CO2, S, SO2, SO, and NR10; R6 is selected from H, C1-6alkyl and fluoroC1-6alkyl; R8 is selected from H, C1-6alkyl and fluoroC1-6alkyl; R10 is selected from C1-6alkyl and C1-6fluoroalkyl; each R12 is independently selected from =O, OH, NH2, halo, NHC1-10alkyl, N(C1-10alkyl)(C1- 10alkyl), C1-10alkyl, C2-10alkenyl, C2-10alkynyl, OC1-10alkyl, OC1-10fluoroalkyl, OC2-10alkenyl, OC2-10alkynyl, SC1-10alkyl, SC1-10fluoroalkyl SC2-10alkenyl, SC2-10alkynyl, S(O)C1-10alkyl, S(O)C1-10fluoroalkyl, S(O)C2-10alkenyl, S(O)C2-10alkynyl, SO2C1-10alkyl, SO2C1-10fluoroalkyl SO2C2-10alkenyl, SO2C2-10alkynyl, aryl, C5-10heteroaryl, C3-10cycloalkyl, and C3- 10heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6fluoroalkyl C2- 6alkenyl, OC1-6alkyl and OC1-6fluoroalkyl; m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and n is 1, 2, 3 or 4. 35. The process of any one of claims 1 to 34, wherein the process provides compounds of Formula I-B wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 are as defined above in any one of claims 1 to 33. 36. The process of claim 35, wherein the compound of Formula (I-B) is selected from the compounds listed below: 37. The process of any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the aluminum compound is alumina. 38. The process of claim 37, wherein the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A) are formed by reacting the compound of Formula (II) with a compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) in the presence of alumina and further additives. 39. The process of claim 38, wherein the further additives are dehydrating reagents and/or an acid. 40. The process of any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the aluminum compound is an aluminum alkoxide. 41. The process of claim 40, wherein the aluminum alkoxide is an aluminum C1- 10alkoxide. 42. The process of claim 41, wherein the aluminum alkoxide is selected from aluminum methoxide, aluminum ethoxide, aluminum-n-propoxide, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum-n-butoxide, aluminum-sec-butoxide, aluminum-iso-propoxide and aluminum tert-butoxide. 43. The process of claim 42, wherein the aluminum alkoxide is aluminum isopropoxide. 44. The process of any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein the non-protic solvent is selected from hexane, hexanes, heptane, heptanes, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, octane, diglyme, toluene, xylenes, benzene, chloroform, fluorinated alkanes, dichloromethane (DCM), 1,2- dichloroethane (DCE), ethyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, isooctane, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, methyl tert-butyl ether, trichloroethane, n-butyl acetate, chlorobenzene acetonitrile, and trifluorotoluene, and mixtures thereof. 45. The process of claim 44, wherein the non-protic solvent is selected from hexane, hexanes, toluene, dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane. 46. The process of any one of claims 1 to 45, wherein the process comprises mixing the compound of Formula (II), the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) and the aluminum compound, in the non-protic solvent with the addition of excess amounts of the compound of Formula (II). 47. The process of any one of claims 1 to 46, wherein the aluminum compound is present in an amount of about 1g to about 3 g, per 1 mmol of the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A). 48. The process of any one of claims 1 to 46, wherein the aluminum compound is present in an amount of about 1g to about 3 g, per 1 mmol of the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A). 49. The process of any one of claims 1 to 46, wherein the process comprises mixing the compound of Formula (II), the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) and the aluminum compound, and any optional additives, in the non-protic solvent with the addition of, for example, about 2 to about 4, about 2.5 to about 3.5, or about 3 molar equivalents of the compound of Formula (II) relative to the amount of the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A). 50. The process of any one of claims 1 to 49, wherein the process provides the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A) as the major product of the process. |
[00149] In an embodiment, the present application includes a process for preparing a compound of Formula (I-A): comprising reacting a compound of Formula (II): with a compound of Formula (III-A): (III-A) in presence of aluminum compound selected from alumina and aluminum alkoxides and in a non-protic solvent to form the compound of Formula (I-A), wherein: R 2 is selected from H, OH, protected hydroxyl, halo, CN, NO 2 , COOH, C 1-10 alkyl, C 1- 10 haloalkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 heterocycloalkyl, aryl, C 5- 10 heteroaryl, Z-C 1-10 alkyl, Z-C 2-10 alkenyl, Z-C 2-10 alkynyl, Z-C 3-10 cycloalkyl, Z-C 3- 10 heterocycloalkyl, Z-aryl, and Z-C 5-10 heteroaryl, wherein the later 14 groups are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from ═O, OH, NH 2 , halo, NHC 1-6 alkyl, N(C 1-6 alkyl)(C 1-6 alkyl), C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, OC 1- 6 alkyl, OC 2-6 alkenyl, OC 2-6 alkynyl, SC 1-6 alkyl, SC 2-6 alkenyl, SC 2-6 alkynyl, S(O)C 1-6 alkyl, S(O)C 2-6 alkenyl, S(O)C 2-6 alkynyl, SO 2 C 1-6 alkyl, SO 2 C 2-6 alkenyl, SO 2 C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, C 5- 10 heteroaryl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, and C 3-10 heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C2-6alkenyl, OC 1-6 alkyl and OC 1-6 haloalkyl; Z is selected from O, C(O), CO 2 , S, SO 2 , SO, and NR 10 ; R 6 is selected from H, C 1-6 alkyl and fluoroC 1-6 alkyl; R 8 is selected from H, C 1-6 alkyl and fluoroC 1-6 alkyl; R 10 is selected from C 1-6 alkyl and C 1-6 fluoroalkyl; each R 12 is independently selected from =O, OH, NH2, halo, NHC1-10alkyl, N(C1-10alkyl)(C1- 10alkyl), C1-10alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, OC1-10alkyl, OC1-10fluoroalkyl, OC 2-10 alkenyl, OC 2-10 alkynyl, SC1-10alkyl, SC1-10fluoroalkyl SC 2-10 alkenyl, SC 2-10 alkynyl, S(O)C1-10alkyl, S(O)C1-10fluoroalkyl, S(O)C 2-10 alkenyl, S(O)C 2-10 alkynyl, SO 2 C1-10alkyl, SO 2 C1-10fluoroalkyl SO 2 C 2-10 alkenyl, SO 2 C 2-10 alkynyl, aryl, C5-10heteroaryl, C3-10cycloalkyl, and C3- 10 heterocycloalkyl, the latter 21 groups being unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 fluoroalkyl C 2- 6 alkenyl, OC 1-6 alkyl and OC 1-6 fluoroalkyl; m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8; and n is 1, 2, 3 or 4. [00150] In an embodiment, the compound of Formula (II) is . [00151] A person skilled in the art would appreciate that when R 1 is H, compounds of Formula I can further react with compounds Formula III to form di-ortho-allylated hydroxy phenyl compounds. Therefore, in an embodiment, the process of the application provides di-ortho-allylated hydroxy phenyl compounds of Formula (I-B). [00152] Accordingly, in an embodiment, when R 1 is H, the application includes a process for preparing a compound of Formula I-B comprising reacting a compound of Formula (II): with a compound of Formula (III): in presence of aluminum compound selected from alumina and aluminum alkoxides and in a non-protic solvent to form the compound of Formula (I), wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 are as defined above for the compounds of Formula I, II and II. [00153] In an embodiment, the compound of Formula (I-B) is selected from the compounds listed below: [00154] In an embodiment, the aluminum compound is alumina. In an embodiment, the alumina is neutral, basic or acidic alumina. In an embodiment, the alumina is neutral alumina. In an embodiment, the alumina is basic alumina. In an embodiment, the alumina is acidic alumina. In an embodiment, the alumina (e.g., neutral, basic and acidic alumina) is available from commercial sources. [00155] In an embodiment, the alumina is basic alumina. In an embodiment, the basic alumina, has a pH of greater than about 7.5, about 8, about 8.5, about 9.0, about 9.5, about 10 or about 10.5. In an embodiment, the basic alumina has a pH of greater than about 9.0, about 9.5, about 10 or about 10.5. In an embodiment, the basic alumina has a pH of about 10. [00156] In an embodiment, the alumina is neutral alumina. In an embodiment, the neutral alumina has a pH of about 7. [00157] In an embodiment, the alumina is acidic alumina. It would be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that acid can be added to the alumina in process of the application. In an embodiment the acid is selected from a Lewis acid and a Bronsted acid, and a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the Lewis acid is selected from boron trichloride, boron trifluoride, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, iron (III) bromide, iron (III) chloride, aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, tin (IV) chloride, titanium (IV) chloride, and titanium (IV) isopropoxide and a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the Bronsted acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, toluene sulfonic acid, trichloroacetic acid, boric acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and camphor sulfonic acid and a combination thereof. [00158] In an embodiment, the aluminum compound is an aluminum alkoxide. In an embodiment, the aluminum alkoxide is an aluminum C 1-10 alkoxide. In an embodiment, the aluminum alkoxide is an aluminum C 1-6 alkoxide. In an embodiment, the aluminum alkoxide is an aluminum C 1-6 alkoxide. In an embodiment, the aluminum alkoxide is selected from aluminum methoxide, aluminum ethoxide, aluminum-n-propoxide, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum-n-butoxide, aluminum-sec-butoxide, aluminum-iso-propoxide and aluminum tert-butoxide. In an embodiment, the aluminum alkoxide is aluminum isopropoxide. In an embodiment, the aluminum alkoxide (e.g aluminum isopropoxide) is available from commercial sources. [00159] In an embodiment, the aluminum alkoxide dissolves in the non-protic solvent. Therefore, under these conditions the reaction of the compound of Formula (II) with the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) is a homogenous reaction. [00160] In an embodiment, the non-protic solvent is a mixture of one or more non- protic solvents. In an embodiment, the non-protic solvent, suitably non-protic organic solvent, is a non-polar solvent or a polar aprotic solvent. In an embodiment, the non-polar solvent comprises hydrophobic solvents. In an embodiment, the non-protic solvent is selected from hexane, hexanes, heptane, heptanes, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, octane, diglyme, toluene, xylenes, benzene, chloroform, fluorinated alkanes, dichloromethane (DCM), 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), ethyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, isooctane, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, methyl tert-butyl ether, trichloroethane, n-butyl acetate, chlorobenzene acetonitrile, and trifluorotoluene, and mixtures thereof. In an embodiment, the non-protic solvent is selected from hexane, hexanes, heptane, heptanes, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, octane, diglyme, toluene, xylenes, benzene, chloroform, fluorinated alkanes, dichloromethane (DCM), 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), ethyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, isooctane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl tert-butyl ether, trichloroethane, n-butyl acetate, chlorobenzene acetonitrile, and trifluorotoluene, and mixtures thereof. In an embodiment, the non-protic solvent is a hydrophobic solvent selected from hexane, hexanes, heptane, heptanes, cyclohexane, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane. In an embodiment, the hydrophobic solvent is selected from hexane, hexanes, toluene, dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane. In an embodiment, the hydrophobic solvent is hexanes. In an embodiment, the hydrophobic solvent is 1,2-dichloroethane. [00161] The Applicants have shown that the compound of Formula (I) and (I-A) can be formed by reacting the compound of Formula (II) with a compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) in the presence of alumina and further additives including dehydrating reagents such as and magnesium sulfate and/or various acids. Therefore, in an embodiment, the process of the application comprises reacting the compound of Formula (II) with a compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) in the presence of alumina and a dehydrating agent and in a non- protic solvent to form the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A). In an embodiment, the dehydrating agent is selected from magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, aluminum phosphate, calcium oxide, cyanuric chloride, orthoformic acid, phosphorus pentoxide, sulfuric acid and molecular sieves, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the dehydrating agent is selected from magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, aluminum phosphate, calcium oxide, cyanuric chloride, orthoformic acid, phosphorus pentoxide, and molecular sieves, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the dehydrating agent is magnesium sulfate. [00162] In an embodiment, the forming of the compounds of Formula (I) or (I-A) comprises mixing the compounds of Formula (II), the compounds of Formula (III) or (III-A) and the aluminum compound, and any optional additives, in the non-protic solvent under continuous flow reaction conditions using for example continuous processors. Continuous flow processors comprise a combination of mixing and conveying means that allow the reactants to flow into or through a mixing means, react to form products and allow the products to flow out of the mixing means for isolation and purification on a continuous basis. In the mixing and conveying means, the reaction conditions (such as temperature and pressure) can be controlled. Such continuous flow processors are well known in the art. In an embodiment, the flow reaction conditions comprise a heterogeneous reactor comprising for example a fixed bed reactor, a trickle bed reactor, a moving bed reactor or a rotation bed reactor. In an embodiment, the aluminum compound is comprised in the bed reactor and the other reagents, including the compounds of Formula (II) and (III) or (III- A) and optional additives flow through the bed to be converted into compounds of Formula (I) or (I-A). [00163] In an embodiment, the forming of the compounds of Formula (I) or (I-A) comprises mixing the compounds of Formula (II), the compounds of Formula (III) or (III-A) and the aluminum compound, and any optional additives, in the non-protic solvent under batch reaction conditions. [00164] In an embodiment, when forming the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A), the process further comprises mixing the compound of Formula (II), the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) and the aluminum compound, and any optional additives, in the non-protic solvent with the addition of excess amounts of the compound of Formula (II). In an embodiment, the forming of the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A) comprises mixing the compound of Formula (II), the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) and the aluminum compound, and any optional additives, in the non-protic solvent with the addition of, for example, about 1.1 to about 5, about 1.1 to about 4, about 1.1 to about 3, about 2 to about 5, about 2 to about 4, about 3 to about 4, or about 1.5 to about 3 molar equivalents of the compound of Formula (II) relative to the amount of the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A). In an embodiment, the forming of the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A) comprises mixing the compound of Formula (II), the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) and the aluminum compound, and any optional additives, in the non-protic solvent with the addition of, for example, about 1 to about 5, about 1 to about 4, about 1 to about 3, or about 1.5 to about 3 molar equivalents of the compound of Formula (II) relative to the amount of the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A). In an embodiment, the forming of the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A) comprises mixing the compound of Formula (II), the compound of Formula (III) or (III- A) and the aluminum compound, and any optional additives, in the non-protic solvent with the addition of, for example, about 1 to about 5, about 1 to about 4, about 1 to about 3, or about 1.5 to about 3, about 2 to about 5, about 2 to about 4, about 2.5 to about 3.5, or about 3 molar equivalents of the compound of Formula (II) relative to the amount of the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A). In an embodiment, the forming of the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A) comprises mixing the compound of Formula (II), the compound of Formula (III) or (III- A) and the aluminum compound, and any optional additives, in the non-protic solvent with the addition of, for example, about 2 to about 4, about 2.5 to about 3.5, or about about 3 molar equivalents of the compound of Formula (II) relative to the amount of the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A). In an embodiment, the forming of the compound of Formula (I) comprises mixing the compound of Formula (II), the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) and the aluminum compound, and any optional additives, in the non-protic solvent with the addition of, for example, about 1.5 molar equivalents of the compound of Formula (II) relative to the amount of the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A). In an embodiment, the forming of the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A) comprises mixing the compound of Formula (II), the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) and the aluminum compound, and any optional additives, in the non-protic solvent with the addition of, for example, about 1.1, about 1.5, about 2, about 2.5, about 3, about 3.5, or about 4 molar equivalents of the compound of Formula (II) relative to the amount of the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A). In an embodiment, the forming of the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A) comprises mixing the compound of Formula (II), the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) and the aluminum compound, and any optional additives, in the non-protic solvent with the addition of, for example, about 3 molar equivalents of the compound of Formula (II) relative to the amount of the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A). [00165] In an embodiment, when it is desired to add additional allyl groups, beyond the ortho-allyl group (i.e. a polyallylated hydroxy aryl compound such as a di-, tri- and tetra- allylated hydroxy aryl compound), the forming of the polyallylated hydroxy aryl compound further comprises mixing the compound of Formula (II), the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) and the aluminum compound, and any optional additives, in the non-protic solvent with the addition of excess amounts of the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A). In an embodiment, the forming of the polyallylated hydroxy aryl compound comprises mixing the compound of Formula (II), the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) and aluminum compound, and any optional additives, in the non-protic solvent with the addition of, for example, about 1.1 to about 5, about 1.1 to about 4, about 1.1 to about 3, about 2 to about 5, 1.5 to about 4 , about 2 to about 4, about 3 to about 4, about 3 to about 5, about 4 to about 5, or about 1.5 to about 3 molar equivalents of the compound of Formula (III) or (III- A) relative to the amount of the compound of Formula (II). [00166] In an embodiment, the aluminum compound present in an amount of about 1g to about 3 g, about 1.5g to about 3 g, or about 1.5 g to about 2 g per 1 mmol of the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A). In an embodiment, the aluminum compound is present in an amount of about 2g per 1 mmol of the allylic alcohol. [00167] In an embodiment, the forming of the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A) further comprises mixing the compound of Formula (II), the compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) and the aluminum compound, and any optional additives, in the non-protic solvent to form a reaction mixture and heating the reaction mixture. In an embodiment the reaction mixture is heated to the boiling point (refluxing temperature) of the solvent. In an embodiment, the reaction mixture is heated to about 40ºC to about 83ºC, about 60ºC to about 83ºC, about 70ºC to about 83ºC, or about 83ºC. . In an embodiment, the reaction mixture is heated to about 40ºC to about 85ºC, about 60ºC to about 85ºC, about 70ºC to about 85ºC, or about 85ºC. In an embodiment, the reaction mixture is heated for about 4 hours to about 24 hours, about 6 hours to about 24 hours, or about 12 hours to 24 hours. In an embodiment, the reaction mixture is heated at refluxing temperature of the solvent for about 24 hours. [00168] In an embodiment, the reaction mixture is heated under microwave synthesis conditions. In an embodiment, the microwave synthesis conditions comprise heating the reaction mixture in a microwave reactor. In an embodiment, the microwave synthesis conditions comprise heating the reaction mixture in a microwave reactor to about 100ºC to about 175ºC, about 125ºC to about 175ºC, or about 150ºC. [00169] In an embodiment, after heating, the reaction mixture is cooled and filtered through a filter agent, such as Celite ® or silica, and the filtrate is concentrated for example, by evaporation such as rotoevaporation, to provide a crude product that comprises the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A). In an embodiment, the crude product is then purified using chromatography such as column chromatography using a suitable solvent or mixture of solvents, or any other known purification method. In an embodiment, the column chromatography is flash column chromatography. [00170] In an embodiment, the crude product is purified by crystallization. In an embodiment, the crude product is purified by crystallization without the use of chromatography. In an embodiment, the crude product is crystallized using hexane, hexanes, heptane, heptanes, cyclohexane, toluene, xylene and the like. In an embodiment, the crude product is a crude ortho-allylated cannabinoid and the crude product is crystallized using hexane, hexanes, heptane, heptanes, or cyclohexane. In an embodiment, the crude product is a crude ortho-allylated cannabinoid and the crude product is crystallized with heptane. [00171] In an embodiment, the crude product is purified by distillation. In an embodiment, the crude product is purified by distillation without the use of chromatography. In an embodiment, the crude product is a crude ortho-allylated cannabinoid and the crude product is purified by distillation. [00172] In an embodiment, the process of the application can be performed consecutively such that the ortho-allylated hydroxy phenyl compound formed from a first process of the application is used as the hydroxy phenyl compound in a subsequent process of the application. Accordingly, in the embodiment, the hydroxy phenyl compound is the ortho-allylated hydroxy phenyl formed by a process of the application described above. [00173] In an embodiment, the process provides the compound of Formula (I) or (I- A) as the major product of the process. In an embodiment, the process provides the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A) in a yield of greater than about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95%. In an embodiment, the process provides the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A) in a yield of greater an about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95%. In an embodiment, the process provides the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A) in a yield of greater an about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95%. [00174] In an embodiment, the process selectively forms the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A) as the major isomer. Accordingly, in an embodiment, the present application also includes a process for selectively preparing a compound of Formula (I) or (I-A) comprising reacting a compound of Formula (II) with a compound of Formula (III) or (III-A) in presence of an aluminum compound and in a non-protic solvent to form the compound of Formula (I) or (I-A), wherein the compounds of Formulae (I), (I-A), (II), (III) and (III-A) are as defined above. [00175] A person skilled in the art would appreciate that further manipulation of the substituent groups using known chemistry can be performed on the intermediates and final compounds in the Schemes above to provide alternative compounds of the application. [00176] Salts of compounds of the application may be formed by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art, for example, by reacting a compound of the application with an amount of acid or base, such as an equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the salt precipitates or in aqueous medium followed by lyophilization. [00177] The formation of solvates will vary depending on the compound and the solvate. In general, solvates are formed by dissolving the compound in the appropriate solvent and isolating the solvate by cooling or using an antisolvent. The solvate is typically dried or azeotroped under ambient conditions. The selection of suitable conditions to form a particular solvate can be made by a person skilled in the art. Examples of suitable solvents are ethanol, water and the like. When water is the solvent, the molecule is referred to as a "hydrate". The formation of solvates of the compounds of the application will vary depending on the compound and the solvate. In general, solvates are formed by dissolving the compound in the appropriate solvent and isolating the solvate by cooling or using an antisolvent. The solvate is typically dried or azeotroped under ambient conditions. The selection of suitable conditions to form a particular solvate can be made by a person skilled in the art. [00178] Throughout the processes described herein it is to be understood that, where appropriate, suitable protecting groups will be added to and subsequently removed from, the various reactants and intermediates in a manner that will be readily understood by one skilled in the art. Conventional procedures for using such protecting groups as well as examples of suitable protecting groups are described, for example, in “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”, T.W. Green, P.G.M. Wuts, Wiley-Interscience, New York, (1999). It is also to be understood that a transformation of a group or substituent into another group or substituent by chemical manipulation can be conducted on any intermediate or final product on the synthetic path toward the final product, in which the possible type of transformation is limited only by inherent incompatibility of other functionalities carried by the molecule at that stage to the conditions or reagents employed in the transformation. Such inherent incompatibilities and ways to circumvent them by carrying out appropriate transformations and synthetic steps in a suitable order, will be readily understood to one skilled in the art. Examples of transformations are given herein and it is to be understood that the described transformations are not limited only to the generic groups or substituents for which the transformations are exemplified. References and descriptions of other suitable transformations are given in “Comprehensive Organic Transformations – A Guide to Functional Group Preparations” R.C. Larock, VHC Publishers, Inc. (1989). References and descriptions of other suitable reactions are described in textbooks of organic chemistry, for example, “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, March, 4th ed. McGraw Hill (1992) or, “Organic Synthesis”, Smith, McGraw Hill, (1994). Techniques for purification of intermediates and final products include, for example, straight and reversed phase chromatography on column or rotating plate, recrystallisation, distillation and liquid-liquid or solid-liquid extraction, which will be readily understood by one skilled in the art. EXAMPLES [00179] The following non-limiting examples are illustrative of the present application. A: Synthesis of Exemplary compounds of Formula I General Experimental Procedures. [00180] Alumina was purchased from Millipore Sigma (activated, acidic, Brockmann I, catalogue # 199966; activated neutral, Brockmann I, catalogue #199974; activated, basic, Brockmann I, catalogue #199443). Substrates were purchased from AKScientific and used as obtained. Solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific, reagent grade, and used without further purification. [00181] 1 H NMR spectra were acquired at 700 MHz with a default digital resolution (Brüker parameter: FIDRES) of 0.15 Hz/point. Coupling constants reported herein therefore have uncertainties of ^0.30 Hz. Chemical shifts in 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra are reported in parts per million (ppm) with reference to residual chloroform ( ^ H 7.26) and deuterated chloroform ( ^C 77.16). Peak multiplicities are reported using the following abbreviations: s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; dd, doublet of doublets; m, multiplet. Reaction progress was monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC, EMD Chemicals, Inc., silica gel 60 F254). TLC plates were developed via capillary action in hexane-ethyl acetate solvent mixtures then visualized under UV light followed by p-anisaldehyde stain. An automated flash chromatography system (Teledyne CombiFlash Rf 200) was used for the purification of compounds on silica gel (either 40–60 ^M particle size). Example 1: Synthesis of Cannabidiol (I-1) [00182] To a round bottom flask were added olivetol (270 mg, 1.5 mmol), (1R,4R)- 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-ol (76 mg, 0.5 mmol), acidic alumina (1.0 g) and dichloroethane (5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux temperature (82 °C) for 3 h. The reaction was filtered through a fritted funnel and solids were washed with dichloroethane. The solvent was removed, and the remaining residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel using gradient elution with ethyl acetate and hexanes to obtain cannabidiol (CBD) as an oil (61 mg, 0.19 mmol, 39 % yield). [00183] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.22 (app. q, J = 2.7 Hz, 2H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 5.53 (s, 1H), 5.01 (s, 1H), 4.66-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.47 (s, 1H), 3.56-3.51 (m, 1H), 2.63-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.51-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.13-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.72 (m, 5H), 1.54 (s, 3H), 1.51-1.43 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.25 (m, 4H), 0.89 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H). Synthesis of 4,5'-dimethyl-2'-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1',2',3',4'-tetrahydro-[1, 1'-biphenyl]-2,6-diol (I-2) [00184] To a round bottom flask containing DCE (10 mL) was added acidic alumina (0.66g; 2g/mmol allyl alcohol), 3,5-dihydroxytoluene (0.12g, 0.99 mmol, 3 equiv.) was added followed by cis-Isolimonenol (0.05ml, 0.33 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) and the reaction was heated to 85 °C for three hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered through a fritted funnel eluting with 100ml of DCE. The solution was concentrated and purified by column chromatography using an ethylacetate/hexanes gradient of 5-10% providing the desired compound as a colourless oil (0.045g, 0.17 mmol, 53%). [00185] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 6.21-6.18 (m, 2H), 6.07 (s, 1H), 5.54 (s, 1H), 4.66-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.51 (brs, 1H), 4.46 (brs, 1H), 3.58-3.52 (m, 1H), 2.45 (ddd, J = 11.4, 9.8, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 2.28-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.13-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.71 (m, 5H), 1.56 (s, 3H). Example 2: Synthesis of CBG (I-3) [00186] To a round bottom flask containing DCE (33 ml; dried over 4A MS) was added acidic alumina (1.3g; 2g/mmol linalool) under stirring. Reaction mixture was heated to 85 °C and olivetol (3.5g, 19.44 mmol, 3 equiv.) was added followed by linalool (1.1ml, 6.48 mmol, 1.0 equiv.). After stirring at reflux for four hours, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered through frit funnel eluting with 600ml of DCE. The solution was concentrated and purified by column chromatography using an ethylacetate/hexanes gradient of 5-10% providing the desired compound as a colourless oil (0.058g, 0.22 mmol, 15%) [00187] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.25 (s, 2H), 5.29-5.25 (m, 1H), 5.07-5.03 (m, 1H), 4.95 (brs, 2H), 3.39 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.47-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.04 (m, 4H), 1.81 (s, 3H), 1.68 (s, 3H), 1.59 (s, 3H), 1.57-1.53 (m, 3H), 1.35-1.26 (m, 4H), 0.88 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H). Example 3: Synthesis of CBG with aluminum isopropoxide (I-3) [00188] To linalool (72.4 mg, 0.469 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (5 mL), olivetol (125.6 mg, 0.697 mmol) was added with aluminum isopropoxide (144.5 mg, 0.707 mmol). The solution was stirred in a microwave reactor at 150°C for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted to 15 mL (1,2-dichloroethane) and washed with 2 M HCl (15 mL), followed by a brine wash (15 mL) then dried over MgSO 4 and finally concentrated in vacuo. The yields of the mixture were determined by 1 H NMR analysis of the crude reaction mixture using 1,2-dibromomethane (70.1 mg, 0.403 mmol) as an internal standard. [00189] NMR Yield = 14% CBG (0.065 mmol), 23% regioisomer (0.109 mmol) CBG: [00190] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 6.24 (s, 2H), 5.26 (ddq, J = 7.8, 3.0, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (m, 3H), 3.40 (d, J = 7.1Hz, 2H), 2.45 (td, J = 7.8, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 2.16 – 2.04 (m, 4H), 1.81 (s, 3H), 1.68 (s, 3H), 1.59 (s, 3H), 1.57 – 1.53 (m, 2H), 1.35 – 1.21 (m, 4H), 0.97 – 0.81 (m, 3H). [00191] LRMS (APCI) m/z: [M] + Calcd for C 21 H 33 O 2 317.2; Found 317.2. Regioisomer: [00192] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) 6.26 (t, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.22 (dd, J = 4.2, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (s, 1H), 5.18 – 5.11 (m, 1H), 5.10 – 5.02 (m, 1H), 4.87 – 4.83 (m, 1H), 3.30 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.60 – 2.48 (m, 2H), 2.11 – 2.00 (m, 4H), 1.80 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 2H), 1.75 – 1.71 (m, 2H), ), 1.68 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 2H), 1.65 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 1.59 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 2H), 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.38 – 1.30 (m, 4H), 0.98 – 0.85 (m, 3H). [00193] LRMS (APCI) m/z: [M] + Calcd for C 21 H 33 O 2 317.2; Found 317.2. Example 4: Synthesis of (E)-2-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenol (I-4) [00194] To a round bottom flask containing DCE (3ml; dried over 4A MS) was added acidic alumina (1.3g; 2g/mmol linalool) under stirring.3,5-dimethylphenol (0.24g, 1.9 mmol, 3 equiv.) was added followed by linalool (0.11ml, 0.65 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) and the reaction was heated to 85 °C for four hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered through frit funnel eluting with 100ml of DCE. The solution was concentrated and purified by column chromatography using an ethylacetate/hexanes gradient of 5-10% providing the desired compound as a colourless oil (0.058g, 0.22 mmol, 34%) [00195] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 6.59 (s, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 5.17-5.13 (m, 1H), 5.07-5.03 (m, 1H), 4.96 (brs, 1H), 3.33 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.18- 2.01 (m, 4H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.67 (s, 3H), 1.59 (s, 3H). Example 5: Synthesis of 3,5-dimethyl-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)phenol (I-5) [00196] To a round bottom flask containing DCE (3ml; dried over 4A MS) was added acidic alumina (1.2g; 2g/mmol allyl alcohol) under stirring.3,5-dimethylphenol (0.21g, 1.7 mmol, 3 equiv.) was added followed by 1,1-dimethylallyl alcohol (0.06ml, 0.58 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) and the reaction was heated to 85 °C for five hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered through frit funnel eluting with 100ml of DCE. The solution was concentrated and purified by column chromatography using an ethylacetate/hexanes gradient of 5-10% providing the desired compound as a colourless oil (0.047g, 0.24 mmol, 43%). [00197] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 6.59 (s, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 5.17-5.13 (m, 1H), 4.94 (brs, 1H), 3.33 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.81 (s, 3H), 1.72 (s, 3H). Example 6: Synthesis of 5-fluoro-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)phenol (I-6) [00198] To a round bottom flask containing DCE (3ml; dried over 4A MS) was added acidic alumina (1.2g; 2g/mmol allyl alcohol) under stirring.3-fluorophenol (0.19g, 1.7 mmol, 3 equiv.) was added followed by 1,1-dimethylallyl alcohol (0.06ml, 0.58 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) and the reaction was heated to 85 °C for five hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered through frit funnel eluting with 100ml of DCE. The solution was concentrated and purified by column chromatography using an ethylacetate/hexanes gradient of 5-10% providing the desired compound as a colourless oil (0.018g, 0.1 mmol, 17%). [00199] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.05-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.59-6.53 (m, 2H), 5.40 (brs, 1H), 5.31-5.26 (m, 1H), 3.31 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (brs, 6H). Example 7: Synthesis of 2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)phenol (I-7) [00200] To a round bottom flask containing DCE (3 ml) was added acidic alumina (1.2g; 2g/mmol allyl alcohol) under stirring. Phenol (0.16g, 1.7 mmol, 3 equiv.) was added followed by 1,1-dimethylallyl alcohol (0.06ml, 0.58 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) and the reaction was heated to 85 °C for five hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered through frit funnel eluting with 100ml of DCE. The solution was concentrated and purified by column chromatography using an ethylacetate/hexanes gradient of 5-10% providing the desired compound as a colourless oil (0.033g, 0.2 mmol, 35%) [00201] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.10 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (td, J = 7.4, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.82-6.79 (m, 1H), 5.35-5.30 (m, 1H), 5.08 (brs, 1H), 3.36 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (brs, 6H). B: Synthesis of Exemplary compounds of Formula I using General Procedure A General Procedure A [00202] In an oven-dried round bottom flask, or sealed tube, is added allyl alcohol (III, 1 equiv.), phenol entity (II, 3 equiv.) and acidic alumina (2 g/mmol relative to allyl alcohol). The solvent of choice was added (about 0.2 M) and the flask capped or equipped with a reflux condenser. The reaction was heated in an about 85 °C oil-bath, monitored by TLC for complete consumption of the allyl alcohol. Upon reaction completion, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and the alumina filtered out. The alumina collected was rinsed with ethyl acetate until TLC indicated that product was no longer running off the alumina. The organic fractions collected were concentrated in vacuo and then purified by flash column chromatography via appropriately sized silica cartridge and eluting with a gradient of ethyl acetate:hexanes. In some embodiments, the General Procedure further provides compounds of Formula I-B. Exemplary Compounds of Formula III [00203] Exemplary secondary and tertiary alcohols of Formula III are available from commercial sources, or are prepared from available precursors using were procedures known in the art. Exemplary secondary and tertiary alcohols of Formula used in the examples are shown in Scheme 1 as follows: Scheme 1 Example 8: Synthesis of I-1 [00204] Synthesized following General Procedure A. (1S,4R)-1-Methyl-4-(1- methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol (0.50 g, 3.28 mmol), olivetol (1.77 g, 9.85 mmol), and alumina (6.56 g) in cyclohexane (8 mL). The reaction was complete after 2 h of heating. Product was isolated as a pale yellow oil (0.51 g, 50%) by column chromatography gradient elution 0-30% ethyl acetate:hexanes on a 40 g silica column. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.32. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.20 (q, J = 2.7 Hz, 2H), 6.05 (s, 1H), 5.52 (s, 1H), 4.65 (p, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (s, 1H), 4.46 (dd, J = 1.9, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (dd, J = 1.9, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (ddd, J = 8.8, 4.1, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 2.59 (ddd, J = 13.9, 8.8, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.48 (ddd, J = 11.6, 9.8, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 2.33 – 2.16 (m, 2H), 2.13-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.89 – 1.71 (m, 5H), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.51 – 1.42 (m, 2H), 1.38 – 1.27 (m, 4H), 0.89 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H) 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 156.5, 154.8, 147.8, 144.1, 139.9, 124.9, 120.0, 111.6, 108.8, 102.3, 45.1, 40.2, 34.1, 32.0, 31.2, 30.4, 28.2, 23.8, 22.7, 21.5, 14.2. Example 9: Synthesis of I-2 [00205] Synthesized following General Procedure A. (1S,4R)-1-Methyl-4-(1- methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol (0.050 g, 0.33 mmol), orcinol (0.12 g, 0.99 mmol), and alumina (0.66 g) in DCE (1.6 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. Product was isolated as a colourless oil (0.51 g, 53%) by column chromatography gradient elution 0-25% ethyl acetate:hexanes. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 6.23-6.20 (m, 2H), 6.11 (s, 1H), 5.54 (s, 1H), 5.20 (brs, 1H), 4.65 (brt, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (s, 1H), 3.37-3.53 (m, 1H), 2.45 (ddd, J = 11.4, 9.8, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 2.27-2.19 (m, 1H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.12-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.86- 1.71 (m, 5H), 1.57 (s, 3H) 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 156.4, 154.6, 147.7, 139.9, 139.1, 124.6, 120.5, 111.6, 109.7, 102.2, 45.2, 40.3, 30.3, 28.1, 23.7, 21.2, 21.0. Example 10: Synthesis of I-3 [00206] Synthesized following General Procedure A. linalool (1.0 g, 6.5 mmol), olivetol (3.5 g, 19.4 mmol), and alumina (6.5 g) in DCE (33 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. The product was isolated as a white solid (0.74g, 30%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-25% ethyl acetate:hexanes. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.25 (s, 2H), 5.29-5.25 (m, 1H), 5.07-5.03 (m, 1H), 4.94 (s, 2H), 3.39 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.46 (app. t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.11-2.04 (m, 4H), 1.81 (s, 3H), 1.68 (s, 3H), 1.60-1.53 (m, 5H), 1.38-1.25 (m, 4H), 0.89 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 154.9, 142.9, 139.1, 132.2, 123.9, 121.8, 110.7, 108.5, 39.8, 35.7, 31.6, 30.9, 26.5, 25.8, 22.7, 22.4, 17.8, 16.3, 14.2. Example 11: Synthesis of I-4 [00207] Synthesized following General Procedure A. linalool (0.1 g, 0.65 mmol), 3,5- dimethylphenol (0.24 g, 1.95 mmol), and alumina (1.3 g) in DCE (3 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. The product was isolated as a pale-yellow oil (0.06g, 34%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-25% ethyl acetate:hexanes. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 6.62 (s, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 5.22-5.17 (m, 1H), 5.11-5.06 (m, 2H), 3.37 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.17-2.04 (m, 4H), 1.83 (s, 3H), 1.71 (s, 3H), 1.63 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 154.4, 137.5, 137.4, 136.6, 131.8, 124.1, 123.6, 122.7, 122.1, 114.4, 39.8, 26.6, 25.7, 25.4, 21.0, 19.9, 17.8, 16.2. Example 12: Synthesis of I-5 [00208] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol (0.050 g, 0.58 mmol), 3,5-dimethylphenol (0.21 g, 1.74 mmol), and alumina (1.2 g) in DCE (3 mL). The reaction was complete after 4 h of heating. The product was isolated as a pale yellow oil (0.047g, 42%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-25% ethyl acetate:hexanes. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 6.62 (s, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 5.21-5.17 (m, 1H), 5.06 (s, 1H), 3.37 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 1.84 (s, 3H), 1.76 (s, 3H) 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 154.2, 137.3, 136.6, 133.6, 123.6, 122.7, 122.1, 114.3, 25.8, 25.5, 21.0, 19.9, 17.9. Example 13: Synthesis of I-6 [00209] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol (0.050 g, 0.58 mmol), 3-fluorophenol (0.19 g, 1.74 mmol), and alumina (1.2 g) in DCE (3 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. The product was isolated as a pale yellow oil (0.018g, 17%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-25% ethyl acetate:hexanes. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.04-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.59-6.53 (m, 2H), 5.33-5.26 (m, 2H), 3.31 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (brs, 6H) 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 163.5, 162.3 (d, 1 J CF = 243.4 Hz) 155.5, 155.4 (d, 3 J CF = 11.4 Hz), 135.5, 130.7, 130.6 (d, 3 J CF = 9.7 Hz), 122.5, 122.4 (d, 4 J CF = 3.2 Hz), 121.6, 107.4, 107.3 (d, 2 J CF = 21.0 Hz), 103.6, 103.5 (d, 2 J CF = 24.4 Hz), 29.4, 25.9, 18.0 19 F { 1 H} NMR (377 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ -115.4 Example 14: Synthesis of I-7 [00210] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol (0.050 g, 0.58 mmol), phenol (0.16 g, 1.74 mmol), and alumina (1.2 g) in DCE (3 mL). The reaction was complete after 5 h of heating. The product was isolated as a colourless oil (0.033g, 35%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-25% ethyl acetate:hexanes. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.15-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.90-6.86 (m, 1H), 6.83-6.80 (m, 1H), 5.37-5.32 (m, 1H), 5.20 (s, 1H), 3.38 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.80 (brs, 6H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 154.3, 134.8, 130.0, 127.6, 126.9, 121.9, 120.8, 115.8, 29.8, 25.9, 17.9. Example 15: Synthesis of I-8 [00211] Synthesized following General Procedure A. (1S,4R)-1-Methyl-4-(1- methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol (0.100 g, 0.657 mmol), divarinol (0.30 g, 1.97 mmol), and alumina (1.31 g) in DCE (3 mL). The reaction was complete after 2 h of heating. The product was isolated as a yellow oil (0.097 g, 52%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0- 5% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.23. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.25 – 6.17 (m, 2H), 5.60 (s, 1H), 5.52 (dt, J = 2.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (t, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (dt, J = 2.0, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (ddd, J = 9.6, 4.0, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 2.58 (ddd, J = 13.8, 9.3, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 2.48 (ddd, J = 11.6, 9.9, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 2.33 – 2.17 (m, 2H), 1.87 – 1.74 (m, 5H overlapped -CH3 at 1.78, s), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.56-1.45 (m, 2H), 0.92 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H) 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 171.9, 156.3, 154.8, 147.7, 143.7, 139.8, 124.8, 119.8, 111.4, 108.8, 102.3, 102.2, 60.7, 45.0, 40.1, 36.1, 30.3, 28.2, 24.5, 23.6, 21.3, 21.1, 14.2, 14.2. Example 16: Synthesis of I-9 [00212] Synthesized following General Procedure A. (1S,4R)-1-Methyl-4-(1- methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol (0.061 g, 0.4 mmol), spherophorol (0.25 g, 1.2 mmol), and alumina (0.8 g) in cyclohexane (2 mL). The reaction was complete after 2 h of heating. The product was isolated as a yellow oil (0.035 g, 31%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-25% ethyl acetate:hexanes. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.32. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.21 (q, J = 2.7 Hz, 2H), 6.07 (s, 1H), 5.53 (br s, 1H), 4.88 (br s, 1H), 4.66-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.46 (br s, 1H), 3.53 (ddq, J = 8.9, 4.5, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 2.62-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.48 (ddd, J = 11.6, 9.8, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 2.30 – 2.18 (m, 2H), 2.13-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.87 -1.72 (m, 5H), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.50-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.32 – 1.25 (m, 8H), 0.88 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H) 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 156.5, 154.7, 147.7, 144.1, 139.9, 124.8, 120.0, 111.5, 108.7, 102.2, 45.1, 40.1, 34.1, 31.9, 31.5, 30.3, 29.8, 29.3, 28.2, 23.7, 22.8, 21.4, 14.2. Example 17: Synthesis of I-10 [00213] Synthesized following General Procedure A.2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (0.10 g, 1.2 mmol), 2-napthol (0.52 g, 3.6 mmol), and alumina (2.45 g) in DCE (6 mL). The reaction was complete after 2 h of heating. The product was isolated as a brown solid (0.18 g, 75%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-5% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.69. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.93 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (ddd, J = 8.4, 6.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (ddd, J = 8.0, 6.8, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.30-5.25 (m, 2H, overlapping with phenol -OH), 3.78 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.91 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 3H), 1.75 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 151.4, 134.3, 133.2, 129.6, 128.8, 128.1, 126.5, 123.2, 123.1, 122.3, 118.7, 118.2, 25.9, 24.6, 18.2. Example 18: Synthesis of I-11 [00214] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (0.1 g, 1.16 mmol), 4-methoxyphenol (0.43 g, 3.48 mmol), and alumina (2.32 g) in DCE (6 mL). The reaction was complete after 4.5 h of heating. The product was isolated as a yellow solid (0.070 g, 31%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-25% ethyl acetate:hexanes. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.43. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 6.78- 6.64 (m, 3H), 5.32 (ddt, J = 7.1, 5.2, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.91 (br. s, 1H) 3.76 (s, 3 H), 3.33 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (s, 6H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 153.7, 148.3, 134.8, 128.3, 121.7, 116.3, 115.8, 112.1, 55.8, 43.6, 30.0, 25.9, 18.0. Example 19: Synthesis of I-12 and I-13 I-12 I-13 [00215] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (0.12 mL, 1.2 mmol), m-cresol (0.38 g, 3.60 mmol), and alumina (2.32 g) in DCE (6 mL). The reaction was complete after 3.5 h of heating. The product was isolated as a 2.5:1 mixture of regioisomers I-12 and I-13 (0.11 g, 52% overall yield), pale yellow oil. Purified by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-10% ethyl acetate:hexanes. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.60. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) mixture of isomers, Major δ 7.00 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 5.33 (m, 1H), 5.07 (br s, 1H), 3.33 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.79 (s, 3H), 1.78 (s, 3H) Minor δ 7.03-7.01 (m, overlapped, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 5.18, 1H), 6.72-6.62 (m, overlapped, 1H), (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 1.83 (s, 3H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) mixture of isomers δ 154.2, 137.6, 134.6, 129.9, 126.8, 123.8, 122.8, 122.2, 121.8, 121.6, 116.6, 113.6, 29.6, 25.9, 21.1, 20.0, 18.0. Example 20: Synthesis of I-14 [00216] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (0.13 mL, 1.2 mmol), 4-bromoresorcinol (0.68 g, 3.60 mmol), and alumina (2.32 g) in ethyl acetate (6 mL). The reaction was complete after 3.5 h of heating. The product was isolated as a brown solid (0.040 g, 13%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-20% ethyl acetate:hexanes. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.42. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.17 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.60 (s, 1H), 5.31 (s, 1H), 5.25 (tdq, J = 7.1, 2.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.83 – 1.81 (m, 3H), 1.75 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 155.2, 150.7, 135.4, 129.4, 121.2, 115.1, 109.7, 101.6, 25.9, 23.6, 18.0. Example 21: Synthesis of I-15 [00217] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol (0.050 g, 0.37 mmol), 3-methoxyphenol (0.20 g, 1.12 mmol), and alumina (0.74 g) in DCE (2 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. The product was isolated in a 29 % yield by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-20% ethyl acetate:hexanes. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.99 (dd, J = 8.0, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 6.47 – 6.40 (m, 2H), 5.24 (br s, 1H), 5.31 (dddd, J = 7.2, 5.8, 2.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 1.77 (dd, J = 2.8, 1.4 Hz, 6H). Example 22: Synthesis of I-16 [00218] Synthesized following General Procedure A.2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol (0.10 g, 1.2 mmol), 3,5-dimethoxyphenol (0.56 g, 3.6 mmol), and alumina (2.45 g) in DCE (6 mL). The reaction was complete after 2 h of heating. The product was isolated as a colourless oil (0.19, 69%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-5% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.29. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.14 – 6.04 (m, 2H), 5.22 (tdt, J = 7.1, 2.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.33 (dt, J = 7.2, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 1.80 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 3H), 1.73 (q, J = 1.4 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 159.5, 158.6, 156.2, 134.3, 122.6, 107.5, 93.8, 91.6, 55.8, 55.4, 25.9, 22.0, 17.9. Example 23: Synthesis of I-17 [00219] Synthesized following General Procedure A.2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol (0.10 g, 1.2 mmol), p-chlorophenol (0.46 g, 3.6 mmol), and alumina (2.42 g) in DCE (6 mL). The reaction was complete after 18 h of heating. The product was isolated as a colourless oil (0.13 g, 58%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-5% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.61. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.11 – 7.02 (m, 2H), 6.72 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.31-5.72 (overlapped with phenol -OH, m, 2H), 3.32 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.79 (s, 3H), 1.77 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 152.9, 135.7, 129.7, 128.9, 127.2, 125.5, 121.0, 117.0, 29.5, 25.9, 18.0. Example 24: Synthesis of I-18 [00220] Synthesized following General Procedure A.2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol (0.10 g, 1.2 mmol), p-bromophenol (0.63 g, 3.6 mmol), and alumina (2.43 g) in DCE (6 mL). The reaction was complete after 2 h of heating. The product was isolated as a mix with starting phenol (0.13 g, 45%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-5% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.34. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.23 – 7.17 (m, 2H), 6.68 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (tdt, J = 7.3, 2.9, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (br s, 1H), 3.31 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 3H), 1.77 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 153.5, 135.8, 132.6, 130.3, 129.3, 120.9, 117.5, 117.3, 112.9, 29.6, 25.9, 18.0. Example 25: Synthesis of I-19 [00221] Synthesized following General Procedure A.2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol (0.10 g, 1.2 mmol), o-chlorophenol (0.36 g, 3.5 mmol), and alumina (2.34 g) in DCE (6 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. The desired product was isolated as a single spot by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-5% ethyl acetate:hexanes, that was a 14:1 mixture of the ortho and para substituted product (brown oil).0.52 g, 22% yield ortho product. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.81. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.18 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.65 (s, 1H), 5.33 (tdt, J = 7.3, 2.9, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.75 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 149.4, 133.7, 128.5, 126.6, 121.7, 120.9, 114.0, 66.2, 29.1, 25.9, 17.9. Example 26: Synthesis of I-20 [00222] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol (0.1 g, 1.16 mmol), 3-nitrophenol (0.3 g, 2.15 mmol), and alumina (2.32 g) in DCE (6 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. The product was isolated as a brown oil (0.016g, 7%), by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-10% ethyl acetate:hexanes. R f (10% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.24. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, acetone-d 6 ) δ 9.22 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.34 (m, 1H), 5.37-5.32 (m, 1H), 3.42 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.73 (s, 3H), 1.72 (s, 3H). Example 27: Synthesis of I-21 [00223] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol (0.1 g, 1.2 mmol), 2,5-dimethylphenol (0.42 g, 3.5 mmol), and alumina (2.32 g) in DCE (6 mL). The reaction was complete after 2 h of heating. The product was isolated as a white solid (0.073g, 33%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-25% ethyl acetate:hexanes. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 6.89 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.19-5.14 (m, 1H), 5.07 (s, 1H), 3.37 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.83 (s, 3H), 1.74 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 152.7, 134.8, 134.2, 128.2, 125.0, 122.1, 121.9, 121.7, 26.1, 25.8, 19.9, 18.0, 15.9. Example 28: Synthesis of I-22 [00224] Synthesized following General Procedure A. Linalool (0.12 mL, 0.65 mmol), 4-methoxyphenol (0.24 g, 1.95 mmol), and alumina (1.30 g) in DCE (3.3 mL). The reaction was complete after 24 h of heating. The product was isolated as a pale yellow oil (0.056 g, 33%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-10% ethyl acetate:hexanes. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.58. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 6.75-6.64 (m, 3 H), 5.31 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (m, 1H), 4.80 (br s, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.34 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.22 – 2.04 (m, 4H), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.69 (s, 3H), 1.60 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 153.8, 148.4, 138.7, 132.1, 128.2, 124.0, 121.6, 116.5, 115.9, 115.8, 112.2, 112.2, 55.8, 39.8, 30.1, 26.6, 25.8, 17.8, 16.3. Example 29: Synthesis of I-23 [00225] Synthesized following General Procedure A. Linalool (0.10 g, 0.65 mmol), phenol (0.18 g, 1.95 mmol), and alumina (1.3 g) in DCE (3 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. The product was isolated as a yellow oil (0.032 g, 10%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-25% ethyl acetate:hexanes. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.13-7.05 (m, 4H), 5.39-5.33 (m, 1H), 5.31-5.27 (m, 1H), 3.38 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.23- 2.07 (m, 4H), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.70 (s, 3H), 1.62 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 154.5, 138.5, 132.0, 130.0, 127.5, 124.0, 121.8, 120.8, 115.8, 39.8, 29.7, 26.5, 25.8, 17.8, 16.2. Example 30: Synthesis of I-24 [00226] Synthesized following General Procedure A. Linalool (0.10 g, 1.2 mmol), 2- naphthol(0.52 g, 3.6 mmol), and alumina (2.44 g) in DCE (2 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. The product was isolated as a brown solid (0.13 g, 59%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-5% ethyl acetate. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.45. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.94 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.39 – 7.30 (m, 1H), 7.13 – 7.04 (m, 1H), 5.31-5.23 (m, 1H), 5.06 (tq, J = 5.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.44-2.01 (m, 4H), 1.91 (s, 3H), 1.66 (s, 3H), 1.59 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 151.6, 138.1, 133.3, 132.0, 128.8, 128.1, 126.5, 126.5, 124.0, 123.2, 123.1, 122.2, 118.3, 39.8, 26.6, 25.8, 24.5, 17.8, 16.6. Example 31: Synthesis of I-25 [00227] Synthesized following General Procedure A. (1S,4R)-1-Methyl-4-(1- methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol (0.10 g, 0.66 mmol), resorcinol (0.22 g, 1.97 mmol), and alumina (1.32 g) in DCE (3.3 mL). The reaction was complete after 4 h of heating. The product was isolated as a yellow solid (0.087 g, 55%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-15% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.52. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.15 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.89 (p, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (m, 1H), 3.11 (d, J = 11.3 Hz, 1H), 2.14 – 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.92 – 1.81 (m, 2H), 1.73 (dd, J = 2.4, 1.3 Hz, 3H), 1.48 – 1.30 (m, 4H) 1.16 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 155.0, 154.5, 134.9, 126.4, 122.4, 122.3, 108.0, 107.1, 103.9, 103.8, 44.8, 33.7, 31.0, 28.1, 24.7, 23.7, 21.0 Example 32: Synthesis of I-26 [00228] Synthesized following General Procedure A. (1S,4R)-1-Methyl-4-(1- methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol (0.050 g, 0.37 mmol), 5-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol (0.20 g, 1.12 mmol), and alumina (0.74 g) in DCE (2 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. The product was isolated as a colourless oil (0.036g, 40%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-25% ethyl acetate:hexanes. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.11 (brs, 1H), 5.96-5.94 (m, 2H), 5.55 (brs, 1H), 4.54 (brs, 1H), 4.49 (dd, J = 2.4, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (brs, 1H), 3.94-3.92 (m, 1H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 2.35 (td, J = 10.4, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.24- 2.20 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.79-1.75 (m, 5H), 1.65 (2, 3H). Example 33: Synthesis of I-27 [00229] Synthesized following General Procedure A. (1S,4R)-1-Methyl-4-(1- methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol (0.10 g, 0.69 mmol), 3,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (0.30 g, 1.97 mmol), and alumina (1.35 g) in DCE (3 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. The product was isolated a colourless oil (0.010 g, 5%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-5% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.34. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.59 (s, 1H), 6.40 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.20 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 5.64 – 5.55 (br m, 1H), 5.36 (s, 1H), 4.74 (s, 1H), 3.38 (dd, J = 12.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 2.41 (dq, J = 7.9, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 3H), 2.15 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 3H), 1.91 (t, J = 1.2 Hz, 3H), 1.30 – 1.22 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 156.6, 153.2, 151.1, 142.8, 131.3, 130.8, 126.9, 100.7, 99.3, 60.5, 53.4, 47.2, 22.0, 12.6. Example 34: Synthesis of I-28 [00230] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 1-methylcyclohex-2-enol (0.050 g, 0.43 mmol), m-cresol (0.136 mL, 1.3 mmol), and alumina (0.87 g) in DCE (2 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. The product was isolated as a yellow oil (0.022 g, 25%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-5% ethyl acetate:hexanes. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.71. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.98 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (dd, J = 7.6, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 5.56 (dt, J = 2.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 5.51 (s, 1H), 3.50-3.45 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.03-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.69-1.53 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 154.2, 138.9, 137.6, 129.6, 128.3, 123.9, 121.4, 117.0, 38.8, 30.1, 30.0, 24.2, 22.1, 21.1. Example 35: Synthesis of I-29 [00231] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 1-(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-ol (0.04 g, 0.20 mmol), phenol (0.060 g, 0.59 mmol), and alumina (0.39 g) in DCE (1 mL). The reaction was complete after 5 h of heating. The product was isolated as a yellow solid (0.003 g, 6%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-15% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.67. 1 H NMR (700 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.58 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.33 – 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.01 – 6.94 (m, 3H), 6.78 (dd, J = 16.1, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (dt, J = 16.0, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H). 19 F NMR (659 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ -62.54 (s, 3F). Example 36: Synthesis of I-30 [00232] Synthesized following General Procedure A.1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol (0.050 g, 0.37 mmol), olivetol (0.20 g, 1.12 mmol), and alumina (0.74 g) in DCE (2 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. The product was isolated as a white solud (0.049 g, 44%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-20% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.30. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.39 – 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.21-7.17 (m, 1H), 6.52 (dt, J = 15.9, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.36 (dt, J = 15.9, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.28 (s, 2H), 4.82 (s, 2H), 3.59 (dd, J = 6.3, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 2.48 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 1.70 – 1.51 (m, 3H), 1.38 – 1.25 (m, 5H), 0.89 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 154.9, 143.4, 137.2, 131.1, 128.6, 127.8, 127.4, 126.4, 109.5, 108.6, 35.7, 31.6, 30.9, 26.7, 22.7, 14.2. Example 37: Synthesis of I-31 [00233] Synthesized following General Procedure A.1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol (0.050 g, 0.37 mmol), 3,5-dimethylphenol (0.13 g, 1.11 mmol), and alumina (0.74 g) in DCE (2 mL). The reaction was complete after 2 h of heating. The product was isolated by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-10% ethyl acetate (0.043 g, 49%). R f (10% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.28. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.33-7.24 (m, 4H), 7.20-7.15 (m, 1H), 6.63 (brs, 1H), 6.52 (brs, 1H), 6.40-6.28 (m, 2H), 4.69 (brs, 1H), 3.54 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H). Example 38: Synthesis of I-32 [00234] Synthesized following General Procedure A.1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol (0.050 g, 0.37 mmol), 4-chlorophenol (0.14 g, 1.12 mmol), and alumina (0.74 g) in DCE (2 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. This product was collected as an inseparable mixture with 4-chlorophenol. The product was isolated as a yellow oil (~0.054 g, 60%) mixed with starting phenol after column chromatography, gradient elution 0-20% ethyl acetate:hexanes. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.52. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.37-7.15 (m, overlapping with 4-chlorophenol), 6.76 (dd, J = 8.7, 6.5 Hz, 2H), 6.51 (dt, J = 15.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (dt, J = 15.9, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (br s, 1H), 3.53 (dd, J = 6.7, 1.6 Hz, 2H). mix with 4-chlorophenol 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 154.2, 152.7, 137.0, 132.2, 130.2, 129.7, 128.7, 127.7, 127.7, 127.7, 127.0, 126.4, 125.8, 125.8, 117.1*, 116.8*, 34.0* *- signal is certain to compound LI-01-026 Example 39: Synthesis of I-33 [00235] Synthesized following General Procedure A.1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol (0.050 g, 0.37 mmol), 5-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol (0.16 g, 1.12 mmol), and alumina (0.74 g) in DCE (2 mL). The reaction was complete after 3 h of heating. The product was isolated as a white solid (0.035 g, 71%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-40% ethyl acetate:hexanes. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.48. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.36 – 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.31 – 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.23 – 7.17 (m, 1H), 6.50 (dt, J = 15.9, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (dt, J = 15.9, 6.2 Hz, 1H), 6.05 (s, 2H), 4.95 (br s, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.55 (dd, J = 6.2, 1.7 Hz, 2H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 159.7, 155.7, 137.1, 131.1, 128.7, 128.7, 127.9, 127.5, 126.4, 126.3, 104.7, 94.9, 55.5, 26.4 Example 40: Synthesis of I-34 and I-35 I-34 I-35 [00236] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 3-(1-hydroxyallyl)benzonitrile (0.024 g, 0.15 mmol), m-cresol (0.048 g, 0.44 mmol), and alumina (0.29 g) in DCE (0.75 mL). The reaction was complete after 19 h of heating. The product was isolated as a colourless oil and a 2:1 mixture of ortho regioisomers, I-34 and I-35 (0.006 g, 17% combined yield) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-40% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.31. 1 H NMR (700 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.54 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (dd, J = 12.4, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.03 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 6.49 – 6.43 (m, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 3.54 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (176 MHz, CDCl3) δ 153.6, 138.8, 138.3, 131.7, 130.5, 130.5, 130.4, 129.8, 129.4, 128.8, 122.0, 116.5, 113.3, 33.6, 21.2. Example 41: Synthesis of I-36 and I-37 [00237] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 1-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1- ol (0.013 g, 0.07 mmol), phenol (0.024 g, 0.23 mmol), and alumina (0.150 g) in DCE (0.5 mL). The reaction did not go to completion after 48 h. The product was isolated as a yellow solid and a mixture of ortho regioisomers I-36 and I-37 (0.003g, 17%), by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-20% ethyl acetate:hexanes. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.34. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.16-8.11 (m, 2H), 7.55 – 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.04 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.76 – 6.72 (m, 1H), 6.63-6.52 (m, 2H), 6.48 – 6.35 (m, 1H), 4.70 (br s, 1H), 3.57 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H). Example 42: Synthesis of I-38 [00238] Synthesized following General Procedure A.1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol (0.050 g, 0.37 mmol), phenol (0.10 g, 1.12 mmol), and alumina (0.74 g) in DCE (2 mL). The reaction was complete after 18 h of heating. The product was isolated as a white solid (0.037 g, 47%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-30% ethyl acetate:hexanes. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.46. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.41 – 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.33 – 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.25 – 7.11 (m, 3H), 6.92 (td, J = 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (dt, J = 15.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (dt, J = 15.9, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (s, 1H), 3.58 (dd, J = 6.6, 1.4 Hz, 2H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 154.1, 137.2, 131.6, 130.6, 128.7, 128.1, 127.5, 126.3, 125.8, 121.2, 115.9, 34.2. Example 43: Synthesis of I-39 [00239] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2- en-1-ol (0.050 g, 0.30 mmol), phenol (0.086 g, 0.91 mmol), and alumina (0.60 g) in DCE (1.5 mL). The reaction was complete after 16 h of heating. The product was isolated as a white solid (0.013 g, 18%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-20% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.26. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.38 – 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.20 – 7.07 (m, 2H), 6.91 (td, J = 7.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.87 – 6.80 (m, 3H), 6.47 (dt, J = 15.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (dt, J = 15.8, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (s, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.56 (dd, J = 6.7, 1.6 Hz, 2H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 159.2, 154.3, 131.2, 130.6, 130.0, 128.0, 127.5, 125.9, 125.7, 121.1, 115.9, 114.10, 55.4, 34.3. Example 44: Synthesis of I-40 [00240] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en- 1-ol (0.050 g, 0.30 mmol), phenol (0.086 g, 0.89 mmol), and alumina (0.59 g) in DCE (1.5 mL). The reaction was complete after 16 h of heating. The product was isolated as a white solid (0.043 g, 60%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-20% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.40. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28- 7.13 (m, 4H), 7.20 – 7.10 (m, 2H), 6.92 (tdd, J = 7.4, 4.0, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.50 – 6.27 (m, 2H), 4.85 (br s, 1H), 3.56 (dd, J = 5.8, 2.0 Hz, 2H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 154.0, 135.8, 133.0, 130.7, 130.6, 130.3, 128.9, 128.9, 128.8, 128.1, 127.5, 121.3, 121.2, 115.8, 34.1. Example 45: Synthesis of I-41 [00241] Synthesized following General Procedure A.1-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1- ol (0.050 g, 0.33 mmol), phenol (0.093 g, 0.98 mmol), and alumina (0.66 g) in DCE (1.6 mL). The reaction was complete after 18 h of heating. The product was isolated as an inseparable mixture with the starting phenol (pale yellow oil, 0.087 g mixture) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-20% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.41. 1 H NMR mixture with phenol (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.31-7.13 (overlapped with phenol), 6.99-6.90 (overlapped with phenol), 6.85-6.81 (overlapped with phenol), 6.44 (dt, J = 15.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (dt, J = 15.8, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 3.56 (dd, J = 6.6, 1.5 Hz, 2H). 13 C NMR mix with phenol (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 154.7 (d, J = 157.2 Hz), 130.44 (d, J = 34.1 Hz), 129.77, 128.00, 127.84, 127.82, 127.75, 127.67, 121.18, 120.92, 115.82, 115.54, 115.41, 115.33, 33.92. 19 F NMR (377 MHz, CDCl3, { 1 H}) δ -114.97 (s, 1F). Example 46: Synthesis of I-42 [00242] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 1-cyclohexylprop-2-en-1-ol (0.050 g, 0.36 mmol), phenol (0.10 g, 1.07 mmol), and alumina (0.72 g) in DCE (2 mL). The reaction was not complete after 24 h of heating but was quenched at this point and product collected. The product was collected as a pale-yellow oil (0.014 g, 18%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-20% ethyl acetate:hexanes. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.53. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.14 (td, J = 7.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J = 7.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (td, J = 7.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.68 – 5.61 (m, 1H), 5.57 (dt, J = 15.6, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (s, 1H), 3.36 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.98 (dp, J = 11.3, 3.7, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 1.74-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.29-1.23 (m 3H), 1.18-1.05 (m, 3H). 13 C NMR (176 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 154.6, 139.4, 130.2, 127.8, 125.7, 125.1, 120.7, 115.9, 40.5, 34.7, 32.9, 26.1, 25.9. Example 47: Synthesis of I-43 [00243] Synthesized following General Procedure A.1-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop- 2-en-1-ol (0.050 g, 0.26 mmol), phenol (0.073 g, 1.12 mmol), and alumina (0.51 g) in DCE (1.3 mL). The reaction was complete after 4 h of heating. The product was isolated as an off-white solid (0.036 g, 52%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-30% ethyl acetate:hexanes. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.28. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.20 – 7.12 (m, 2H), 6.92 (td, J = 7.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 2H), 6.44 – 6.33 (m, 3H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 3.79 (s, 6H), 3.57 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 161.0, 154.1, 139.3, 131.5, 130.6, 128.7, 128.0, 125.8, 121.1, 115.9, 104.4, 99.9, 55.5, 55.4, 34.0. Example 48: Synthesis of I-44 [00244] Synthesized following General Procedure A.1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)prop-2- en-1-ol (0.050 g, 0.31 mmol), phenol (0.087 g, 0.93 mmol), and alumina (0.62 g) in DCE (1.6 mL). The reaction was complete after 4 h of heating. The product was isolated as a pale-yellow oil (0.046 g, 62%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-30% ethyl acetate:hexanes. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.50. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.23 – 7.12 (m, 2H), 7.08 – 6.99 (m, 3H), 6.92 (td, J = 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.88 (dt, J = 16.2, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (br s, 1H), 3.62 (dd, J = 6.5, 1.7 Hz, 2H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 154.1, 136.8, 135.9, 132.8, 130.4, 129.5, 127.9, 127.7, 126.5, 125.7, 121.0, 115.7, 34.6, 21.0. Example 49: Synthesis of I-45, I-51 and I-47 I-45 I-51 I-46 [00245] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 1-vinylcyclohexanol (0.10 g, 0.79 mmol), m-cresol (0.26 g, 2.38 mmol), and alumina (1.58 g) in DCE (4 mL). The reaction was complete after 4 h of heating. This product was isolated as a mixture of desired isomer, ortho-regioisomer and double addition. The mixture of isomers, I-45, I-51 and I-47, was isolated as a colourless oil (0.074 g, 43% combined isomers) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-20% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.63. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.00 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 5.27 (tt, J = 7.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (s, 1H), 3.35 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.18 – 2.10 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.55 (m, 8H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 154.4, 142.8, 137.7, 129.9, 121.6, 118.8, 116.6, 37.3, 28.8, 28.7, 27.8, 26.9, 21.1. Example 50: Synthesis of I-47, I-52 and I-48 I-47 I-52 I-48 [00246] Synthesized following General Procedure A. 1-vinylcycloheptanol (0.10 g, 0.71 mmol), m-cresol (0.23 g, 2.14 mmol), and alumina (1.42 g) in DCE (3.6 mL). The reaction was complete after 2 h of heating. This product was isolated as a mixture of desired isomer, ortho-regioisomer and double addition. The mixture of isomers was isolated as a colourless oil (0.079 g, 48% combined isomers) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-20% ethyl acetate:hexanes. . Rf (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.48. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.99 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 5.32 (tt, J = 7.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (s, 1H), 3.32 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.43 – 2.38 (m, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.63 – 1.47 (m, 10H). 13 C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 154.3, 144.8, 137.5, 129.7, 122.2, 121.4, 116.4, 113.6, 37.8, 30.3, 29.9, 29.3, 29.2, 29.1, 26.9, 21.0. Example 51: Synthesis of I-49 and I-50 I-49 I-50 [00247] Synthesized following General Procedure A.2-phenylbut-3-en-2-ol (0.05 g, 0.39 mmol), m-cresol (0.13 g, 1.17 mmol), and alumina (0.78 g) in acetonitrile (1.9 mL). The reaction was complete after 2 h of heating. The product was isolated as a mixture of ortho regioisomers as a pale yellow oil (0.007 g, 5%) by column chromatography, gradient elution 0-20% ethyl acetate:hexanes. Product is significantly overlapped with the starting phenol during chromatography and yield is lost to this mixture. R f (20% ethyl acetate:hexanes) 0.47. 1 H NMR (700 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 7.40 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.31 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 5.94 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (176 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 153.9, 143.5, 137.7, 136.9, 130.0, 128.4, 127.0, 125.9, 125.8, 121.8, 116.5, 29.7, 21.1, 16.1. [00248] While the present application has been described with reference to examples, it is to be understood that the scope of the claims should not be limited by the embodiments set forth in the examples, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole. [00249] All publications, patents and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety. Where a term in the present application is found to be defined differently in a document incorporated herein by reference, the definition provided herein is to serve as the definition for the term.