The present invention relates to a method of making flax yarn dressing material in the form of a knitted product and flax yarn dressing material in the form of a knitted product for use on wounds and cuts, especially in the form of dressing, bandage or compress.

To protect and separate wounds and cuts from the external environment and to prevent their further infection, various types of dressings are used in medicine. In the state of the art, dressings based on flax.

The standard steps for converting the fibre into flax yarn include a fluttering stage, which is a mechanical operation enabling the separation of flax fibres from the lignified part of the plant by crushing and threshing it. After this stage, the long fibre is retained for combing, while the shives (the lignified parts of the plant) are recovered and used for the production of slabs or mulch for animals. The obtained short fibres (from non-fibrous flax grades, lower, e.g. oilseed flax, usually not exceeding 60 cm in length), called bundles, are used to produce thicker and more rustic yarn used particularly in the manufacture of upholstery fabrics and strings. The long fibre (from fibrous varieties of flax, intended exclusively for the processing of textiles, usually about 150 cm long) is then combed, which is a key stage in the preparation of high-quality flax yarn. The combing is carried out using increasingly smaller combs. As a result of combing, flax fibre tapes are formed. After combing, the fibres are laid out in a strand, then the fibres are joined to form a tape that is stretched, depending on the future application, to increase its strength. At the twisting stage, in order to bind individual fibres from the band, a minimum amount of water is used as a binder to clump individual fibres from the band.

The next stage is the spinning of flax fibre (both long and short). For the spinning purpose (twisting the strands), two processes are used, which are very different from each other:

• wet spinning: enables getting smooth flax yarn of very high quality, often intended for the clothing and home textile sector. In this process, flax erule (semi-finished yarn in the form of a stretched, slightly twisted fibre tape) is soaked in water (about 70°C) to make it flexible and produce a more delicate yarn.

• dry spinning: the flax fibres are thicker and more rustic. In the process, flax tapes do not pass through the water. These yarns are intended for decorative fabrics or for technical applications (for cords, mats). As a result of spinning, yarn which is a textile product with a cylindrical and continuous structure is obtained.

Dressings known in the state of the art contain natural flax fibres, using delicate yarn formed as a result of wet spinning of flax. In these standard state-of-the-art processes, long flax fibre is used.

For example, from Polish patent description PL220546, it is known a method for making a dressing from natural bast fibres of flax and/or hemp. To extract the fibre, the spreading method is used, then the material is mechanically processed, including: softening, fluttering, sorting, spinning with the combing system or, in the case of cotonized fibres, the cotton system. From the yarns dressing fabrics are made on rapier looms. The density of the yarn liner is not higher than 100 tex in the case of cotonized fibre or not higher than 30 tex in the case of long fibre, and the density of the fabric in the direction of the warp and weft is not less than 160 threads/dm in the case of cotonized fibre yarn or 300 threads/dm in the case of long fibre, with bending stiffness of the fabric dressing not more than 400 mg /cm, and fluid retention not less than 55% of the dry matter of the dressing.

The dressing of natural flax and/or hemp bast fibres, according to the aforementioned invention, is intended for the treatment of wounds and contains non-genetically modified flax fibres which contain, in their chemical composition, at least 4% lignin and/or non-genetically modified hemp fibres that contain at least 5% of lignin.

Polish patent description PL213595 discloses a material, intended for the production of dressing material, containing genetically modified flax fibre obtained from flax with cells containing chaicone synthase (CHS) polynucleotide encoding chaicone isomerase (CHI) and a polynucleotide encoding dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR). It is favourable if the cells are transformed by a polygenic construct encoding chaicone synthase (CHS), chaicone isomerase (CHI) and dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR). In addition, flaxseed fibre contains linseed oil emulsion or extract from seed expeller. This material is used in the manufacture of dressings used for mechanical, physical and chemical wounds.

Patent PL229203 discloses clothing acting as a dressing supplement in the treatment of dermatological diseases, made of fabric or knitted fabric of natural fibres, finished without chemicals harmful to human health, containing polymer microspheres soluble in contact with the human body, filled with the active substance, located in a compatible manner, in terms of the location of lesions on the human body, characterized by the fact that it consists of multi-level personalized clothing in terms of body dimensions and patient preferences and the requirements resulting from the type and location of a dermatological disease, made of knitted flax fabric, possibly with an admixture of elastane, and/or of an organic cotton fabric, dyed in a bath containing a natural dye obtained from dye plants and with a surface activated in low-temperature argon, oxygen, nitrogen, air or carbon dioxide plasma. On the surface in contact with the patient's skin, in places adjacent to the skin lesions, there are binder-attached polymer microspheres (such as poly-L, D-lactide, ethyl cellulose, calcium alginate or a copolymer of lactide and glycolide), containing the same or different active substances, or the mixture of active substances in the form of alcoholic extracts of herbs such as viola tricolour, green tea, nettle, chamomile, calendula, selected depending on the type of the disease. The fixing agent for the microspheres is a polymer or one of the polymers forming a matrix of microspheres or another biodegradable polymer that does not limit the release kinetics of the active substance.

Since flax fibre is a continuous and inelastic fibre, the current methods of production dressings required the use of additional fibres in the form of fibres made of flexible plastics, the so-called elastics, or genetic modification of flax fibres. The non-application of this type of modification resulted in a lack of the required elasticity of the dressing or bandage. At the same time, the use of additives in the flax yarn can reduce the healing effect of such yarn.

In addition, the prior art dressings described above use yarns obtained by wet spinning/twisting. Wet twisted yarns are poor in bioactive components due to their washing out by water in the twisting process. Because bioactive ingredients have a very beneficial effect on the process of supporting wound healing, solutions are sought to preserve as many bioactive ingredients as possible.

Although the most bioactive properties have short fibres (tow) and long fibres of dry-spun yarns, due to the lack of technological solutions enabling the production of dressings made of these fibres, they were not applicable to the production of dressings. Moreover, in solutions known from the state of the art, it would be difficult to enrich the dressings with pro-health auxiliaries due to the wet twisting of flax fibres.

Various types of oils with health-promoting properties are also known in the state of the art, positively affecting the wound healing process. Oils are used to create ointments, creams, emulsions for spreading - i.e. as an additional product not connected directly to the dressing. The previously known methods of forming dressings did not allow the use of these oils for the preparation of a dressing, also due to the spinning process in which oils would be washed out during wet spinning. Due to their positive properties, the following oils could be of particular importance:

1) hemp oil: thanks to the high EFA content, hemp oil has an outstanding nutritional, immunostimulating, antiallergic, regenerating and anti-aging effect. Vitamin K in hemp oil has anti-hemorrhagic and blood clotting properties, it has antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It contains about 75% of unsaturated essential fatty acids (EFAs), especially linoleic acid belonging to essential fatty acids (EFA) 56% and alpha-linolenic 19,4% and vitamins A, D, and K, phytosterols, phospholipids and minerals. 20% of CBD - i.e. Cannabidiol - stimulation of physiological processes such as appetite, pain sensation, humour and memory.

2) black cumin oil: black cumin oil contains thymoquinone - a component of the essential oil of black cumin seeds, thanks to which the oil has anti-inflammatory properties (comparable to the activity of aspirin in dose of 100 mg/kg) and has analgesic properties. It consists of 85% unsaturated fatty acids consisting of: 60% linoleic acid (omega-6); 25% oleic acid (omega-9); 1% alpha-linolenic (omega-3). It also contains vitamin E, beta-carotene, sterols, biotin, numerous microelements and antioxidants.

3) wheat germ oil: the highest content of vitamin E - the oil stimulates microcirculation, eliminates swelling and has anti-inflammatory properties. The oil consists of: 51-60% linolenic acid; 16-19% palmitic acid; 14-21% oleic acid.

4) linseed oil: it has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a rich in valuable, unsaturated fatty acids omega 3 and omega-6 (linolenic, linoleic and oleic acids), saturated fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, myristic, erucic) and phytosterols. It contains many vitamins, including vitamin A, C, E, B vitamins, valuable enzymes and proteins. In addition, it is rich in minerals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, zinc.

The aim of the invention is to provide a dressing material with flexibility and softness preferable to the point in view of the most preferable pressure of the patient's treated areas, preserving the natural properties of flax fibres (does not cause allergies, strengthens the immune system). At the same time, the aim of the invention is to develop a method of obtaining dressing material which, due to the method of production, will ensure that the best properties of flax are preserved. Additionally, the aim of the invention is to obtain a product that can be enriched with substances that add additional healthpromoting dressing properties.

Surprisingly, it turned out that this problem can be solved by using long or short dry-twisted flax fibre. The essence of the invention is the production of a knitted dressing material with flax fibres spun with a limited amount of water in the yarn twisting technology process. The technique of twisting using the minimum amount of water is called dry twist.

The method for producing a flax yarn dressing material according to the invention is characterised in that, the dressing is made of unmodified, dry twisted fiber, in a form of a knitted product wherein the yarn before knitting, is rewound on a rewinder and unevenness is smoothed during rewinding by using paraffin or wax cubes to reduce friction and smooth out unevenness, whereby the yarn is rewound at least once and an amount of paraffin is used to reduce friction whereby the yarn is rewound at least once and paraffin is used to reduce friction in the amount of 0.0015 to 0.0025 kg per 1 kg of yarn or wax in the amount from 0.00075 to 0.0015 kg per 1 kg of yarn and the speed of rewinding is in the range from 300 to 600 revolutions per minute and then the dressing material is formed in the knitting process with the use of a knitting weave.

Preferably, the method for producing a flax yarn dressing material, according to the invention, is characterised in that the dressing material is formed by a knitting process using pearl knitting weave once or more picked up in a row arrangement from one flax thread/yarn or yarn made of multi-twisted thread with medium rope weight of fibres in a TEX flax from 55.56 to 66,67 and the metric number of the Nm fibre from 18 to 15 LML or LMM, the row pattern accuracy of the knitted fabric is from Pr = 28/10 cm to Pr = 45/10 cm, and the column accuracy of the knitted fabric is from Pk = 28/10 cm to Pk = 45/10 cm.

Since the dry twisted yarn is not a smooth yarn (its structure is not uniform), the knitting process is easier and, so that friction is reduced during knitting, the yarn is rewound before knitting on the rewinder. This rewinding process helps to reduce friction during spinning and to smooth unevenness using paraffin or wax cubes. The yarn is rewound at least once.

Preferably, the method for producing a flax yarn dressing material according to the invention is characterized in that it is made of long fibre. The advantage of such a fibre (while keeping bioactive elements) is a smoother fibre structure and less consumption of paraffin and wax during the rewinding process.

Preferably, the method for producing a flax yarn dressing material, according to the invention is characterized in that the knitting (production) process takes place on a flat crochet machine with the metric number 7 or 8 or 9.

Even more preferably, the method for producing a flax yarn dressing material, according to the invention is characterized in that the knitting (production) process takes place on a flat crochet machine with the metric number 8.

A method of preparing an oil-moistened dressing has also been developed in which an oil emulsion is added during the dry spinning. In this case, in the process of twisting the yarn, water (as a binder) was replaced with a water-oil emulsion.

The method for producing a flax yarn dressing according to the method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

• forming into a tape in the form of a ribbon (stream) of parallel, evenly spaced fibres, several cm wide and several hundred meters long, on a set of 6 stretchers,

• spinning on a hoop spinner with the use of a water-oil emulsion, wherein the yarn has a moisture content of 20%-25%.

• drying the yarn obtained in the previous steps in a microwave oven to a moisture content of 10%- 12%.

• rewinding the yarn on cross-winding, preferably weighing up to 1 kg.

• rewinding the fibres prepared in this way on the reel - on the pin, there is a cube with a friction reducing substance, the flax fibre rewinds at least once on a winder with adjustable speed from 300 to 600 revolutions per minute while, during the rewinding process, a friction reducing substance, preferably a paraffin wax, is applied to the flax fibre in the amount from 0.0015 to 0.0025 kg of paraffin per 1 kg of fibre or wax in the amount from 0.00075 kg to 0.0015 kg of beeswax per 1 kg of fibre.

Preferably, the fibre thus prepared is wound on a feed coil of the winder and then subjected to the knitting process in which, from a single thread of flax fibre or a yarn of a thread twisted several times, it forms knitted fabric with pearly knitting weave once or more picked up in a row arrangement from one thread/flax yarn, the row accuracy is within the limits of 30 stitches/10 cm to 35 stitches/10 cm and the column accuracy is from 30 stitches/10 cm to 35 stitches/lOcm, preferably a two-bearing flat crochet machine with the approximately metric number from 7 to 9.

Preferably the water-oil emulsion is used in a concentration of 1% to 2%.

1% water-oil emulsion is an emulsion solution of 10 ml of oil per 1 1 of water, while water-oil emulsion is 2% (20 ml of oil per 1 1 of water).

Preferably, the emulsion is made with linseed or hemp oil or wheat or black cumin germ oil, or mixtures of these oils.

As a result, there are four variants of flax yarn with oil.

The dressing material with flax fibres is characterized in that it is dry-twisted knit with a pearl weave once or several times picked up in a row from one thread of flax yarn or yarn made of multi-twisted thread with an average rope weight of fibres in a TEX bundle from 55.56 to 66.67 and the metric number of the Nm fibre from 18 to 15 LML or LMM, row accuracy of the knitted fabric from Pr = 28/10 cm to Pr = 45/10 cm, and the column accuracy is from Pk = 28/10 cm to Pk = 45/10 cm.

The knitted fabric, according to the invention, may be made of yarn containing dry twisted long fibres (LMM) or dry twisted short fibres (LML), with a Nm metric yarn number from 18 to 15 and, for each of these types of fibres, the average linear weight of the fibre per bundle (TEX) is (TEX 55,56 to 66,67).

If the pearly weave is picked up one or more times in a row from one thread of flax yarn, the dressing is more delicate than in the case of multi-twisted thread.

Preferably, the dressing material is characterized in that the raw accuracy of the knitted fabric is from Pr = 35/10 cm to Pr = 40/10 cm, and the column accuracy is from Pk = 35/10 cm to Pk = 40/10 cm.

Preferably, the dressing material, according to claim, is characterized in that the Nm metric number of the long dry-twisted fibre is 18 LMM.

Preferably, the dressing material is characterized in that the metric number of the short dry-twisted fibre is 15 LML or 18 LML.

Preferably, the dressing material is characterized in that it contains fibres enriched with a water-oil emulsion in a concentration of 1% to 2%.

To obtain the yarn soaked in oil, an emulsion formula (combination of oil and water) in two types of concentration: water-oil emulsion 1% water-oil emulsion 2 (water-oil emulsion 1% (the emulsion solution is 10 ml of oil per 1 I of water); water-oil 2% 20 ml of oil per 1 I of water) is developed. As a result, flax yarn is made with oil in different variants. Such concentrations make it possible to obtain a uniform emulsion structure.

The solution, according to the invention, allows the oil to be directly embedded through the water-oil emulsion in the fibre.

Even more preferably, a dressing material using flax fibres is characterized in that it is made of dry- twisted, soaked knitted fabric with a pearl weave once or more than once picked up in a row arrangement from one thread/flax yarn or yarn from a thread twisted repeatedly of the average rope weight of the fibre in the TEX bundle from 55.56 to 66.67 and the metric number of the Nm from 18 to 15 LML or LMM, the raw accuracy of the knitted fabric ranges from Pr = 30/10 cm to Pr = 35/10 cm, and the column accuracy ranges from Pk = 30/10 cm to Pk = 35/10 cm. Since flax fibre is a continuous and inelastic fibre, the method of production used for knitted dressings and the use of a knitting weave allows achieving flax yarn dressings as a flexible and soft product without the use of third fibres in the form of elastics.

In the solution, according to the invention, the bioactive components of the flax fibres are retained which have a beneficial effect on the process of supporting wound healing.

The advantage of the solution, according to the invention, is that the available dressing materials woven in the form of a bandage and compresses - are elastic, knitted medical products using third fibres - in the form of elastors, whereas our dressing material (bandages and compresses) is characterized by the fact that we have achieved row flexibility without the use of elastors and using the appropriate knitting parameters (as above). The applied flax fibre yarn, dry-twisted, has a greater amount of natural bioactive ingredients that have a positive effect on the wound healing process and thus shorten the duration of the treatment.

By applying force to the knitted fabric 10 cm wide in the row direction (the horizontal stitches form rows), knitted fabric width increases by 120%, however, if the direction of the acting force is changed towards the columns (vertical columns) the knitted fabric returns to its original dimension.

The above property for flax fibre would not be possible without the knitting method. The process used in the production allows the preservation of the natural properties of flax fibres (does not cause allergies, strengthens the immune system and provides very high hygienic qualities).

Summing up the above ingredients:

Dressings made of flax yarn made of dry twisted fibre as a knitted fabric can be used for direct contact with the frames and, through the increased natural properties of flax using dry twist, it supports/assists the healing process and shortens the healing time.

The technical problem solved by the invention is to form a flax dressing that is elastic and does not contain additives reducing the healing effect of flax yarn.

At the same time, the obtained product, a flax yarn dressing, has all the basic features of knitted fabric:

• high flexibility

• extensibility in all directions,

• softness

• breathability In addition, the obtained dry-twisted and oil-soaked dressing material is bioactive, compatible with the natural wound healing process with the following features:

• ensures the physical continuity of the wound,

• actively cleans the wound,

• absorbs excessive exudate,

• protects against infections and external factors,

• ensures correct pH, thermoregulation, gas exchange and humid environment, • natural and well tolerated, so as not to cause rejection reactions (suppression of granulation tissue, fibrin production),

• does not cause allergies,

• it is easy to apply and remove and it does not damage the edges of the wound • it has a simple operation pattern

Additionally, the use of dressings enriched with oils (water-oil emulsion) has many pro-health advantages and solves the problem of applying oil to the dressing. In the solution, according to the invention, with such favourable parameters and appropriate selection of the moment of soaking, the emulsion gets directly to the fibres, which would be impossible, e.g. in the event that the emulsion, e.g. in the form of an aerosol, was applied to the finished dressing and it would be necessary to wait for the emulsion to be absorbed or if the emulsion was applied directly to the skin. When applying the emulsion to the dressing, it is very likely that the emulsion will not be absorbed into the dressing and, if applied to the skin, that it will flow over the skin before the dressing is applied.

Hence, the solution according to the invention ensures that the oil contained in the emulsion is combined with the fibre and the properties of the oil and the fibres will act simultaneously to release compounds supporting the healing process.

The subject matter of the invention in a non-limiting embodiment is shown in the figures, in which object no. 1 shows a diagram of a pearl weave, where the solid line is the stitch line in the row and the dashed line indicates a line (columns) of stitches in the column fig. 2 shows a photo of the right side of the knitted fabric, according to the invention, fig. 3 shows an enlarged photo of the right side of the knitted fabric according to the invention, fig. 4 shows a photo of the reverse side of the knitted fabric according to the invention, fig. 5 shows the photo of the reverse side of the knitted fabric according to the invention. EMBODIMENT I

The essence of the invention is the production of a knitted dressing material with the use of flax fibres spun with a limited amount of water using the yarn twisting technology process. The twisting method using a minimum amount of water is called dry twist.

In this embodiment, dry twisted flax fibre with numbers from Nm 18 (TEX 55.56) to Nm 15 (TEX 66.67) for the production of knitted dressing fabric is formed into a tape in the form of a ribbon (stream) of parallel, evenly arranged fibres, several cm wide and several hundred meters long (depending on the span of the machine in the spinning mill), on a set of 6 stretchers. In the next stage, spinning takes place on a spinning machine with the minimum amount of water (necessary for the fibres to stick together), with the yarn dampness from 20% to 25%. The yarn thus obtained is dried in a microwave oven to a moisture of 10% to 12%, then rewound to a cross beam weighing up to 1 kg. The fibre prepared in this way is then rewound on a winder on the spindle of which a cube with a friction-reducing substance is placed. Flax fibre for the production of knitted dressing material is rewound at least once on a winder with adjustable speed from 300 to 600 rpm. While rewinding, a friction-reducing substance is applied on flax fibre. The friction reducer may be paraffin in the amount of 0.0015 to 0.0025 kg of paraffin per 1 kg of fibre or wax in the amount of 0.00075 kg to 0.0015 kg of bee wax per 1 kg of fibre. The fibre prepared in this way is wound on the feeding coil of the winder and then subjected to a knitting process in which one thread of flax fibre is made into a knitted fabric with the use of knitting weave: once or repeatedly picked up pearl weave, row pattern from one thread/flax yarn. The method of producing a flax yarn dressing material according to claims 1-6 is characterized in that the fibre prepared in this way is wound on the feeding coil of the winder, and then it is subjected to the process of knitting in which a single thread of flax fibre or a yarn of a multi-twisted thread is formed a knitted fabric with pearl knitting weave once or repeatedly picked up in a row arrangement from one thread/flax yarn, and the row accuracy of the stitches is from 30 stitches/10 cm to 35 stitches/10 cm and the column accuracy is from 30 stitches/10 cm to 35 stitches/lOcm, preferably a flat crochet machine is used as the knitting machine, two-bearing, with the metric number from 7 to 9.

Parameters of the knitted fabric:

Pr (row accuracy specified, number of stitches at 10 cm): 35 stitches/10 cm to 40 stitches/10 cm

Pk (column accuracy specified number of stitches at 10 cm): 35 stitches/10 cm to 40 stitches/10 cm

The weave is schematically shown in Figure 1 where the solid line represents the stitch line in the row and the dashed line indicates a line (columns) of stitches in the column, numbers 1-6 are the amounts of rows in weave pattern shown. P and L are right and left stitches, X shows the position of the knitting needle.

The knitted fabric obtained is shown in Fig. 2-5.

EMBODIMENT II

In this embodiment, in the process of twisting the yarn, water - as a binder - was replaced with a wateroil emulsion) in two types of concentration: water-oil emulsion 1% water-oil emulsion 2 (water-oil 1% (the emulsion solution is 10 ml of oil per IL of water); water-oil 2% 20 ml of oil per 1 1 of water) with the use of linseed, hemp, wheat germ and black cumin oil. As a result, flax yarn is formed with oil applied in four variants.

The dry flax fibre, twisted with oil, numbered from Nm 18 (TEX 55.56) to Nm 15 (TEX 66.67) for the production of a knitted dressing material is formed into a tape in the form of a ribbon (stream) of parallel, evenly spaced fibres, several cm wide and several hundred meters long, on a set of 6 stretchers. In the next stage, spinning takes place on a hoop spinning machine with a water-oil emulsion (using a 1% solution of the emulsion, i.e. 10 ml of oil for 1 1 of water or a 2% solution of emulsion, i.e. 20 ml of oil per 1 I of water), with the yarn moisture content from 20% to 25%. The yarn thus obtained is dried in a microwave oven to a moisture content of 10% to 12%, and then rewound on a cross beam weighing up to 1 kg. The fibre prepared in this way is then rewound on a winder, on the pin of which a cube with a substance reducing friction is placed. The flax fibre for the production of knitted dressing material is rewound at least once on the winder of adjustable speed from 300 to 600 revolutions per minute. While rewinding, a friction reducing substance is applied on the flax fibre. The friction reducing agent may be paraffin in the amount ranging from 0.0015 to 0.0025 kg of paraffin per 1 kg of fibre or wax in the amount from 0.00075 kg to 0.0015 kg of bee wax per 1 kg of fibre. The fibre prepared in this way is wound on the feeding coil of the winder and then undergoes the knitting process in which one thread of flax fibre is knitted into a knitted fabric using the knitting weave: pearl weave once or repeatedly picked up, row arrangement made of one thread/flax spinning machine. Parameters of knitted fabric:

Pr = row accuracy, specified number of stitches per 10 cm, 30 stitches/10 cm to 35 stitches/10 cm

Pk = column accuracy, specified number of stitches per 10 cm, 30 stitches/10 cm to 35 stitches/lOcm.

The knitting machine is a two-bearing flat crochet machine with a metric number from 7 to 9.

The weave is schematically shown in Figure 1 where the solid line represents the stitch line in the row and the dashed line indicates a line (columns) of stitches in the column, numbers 1-6 are the amounts of rows in weave pattern shown. P and L are right and left stitches, X shows the position of the knitting needle. The knitted fabric obtained is shown in Fig. 2-5