A technical problem solved by a protective device for overhead lines (hereinafter protective device or tube) concerns the field of protection for all overhead lines against damages caused by weather conditions (snow, glaze - freezing, frost, wind, solar radiation, heating, cooling) and against other negative factors like prevention of mutual contact of parallel conductors, gathering of birds on conductors.

Technical problem:

Overhead lines are directly exposed to weather conditions, due to which they are subject to wear and a variety of damages, which consequently leads to huge economic damage.

Burdens of conductors:

Glaze ice (coating of ice) resulting from freezing of supercooled drops on conductors. Glaze ice occurs in inversion situations, when rain drops travel through an air layer having a temperature below freezing point, so that the drops are supercooled (temperature from -5 °C to -1 °C) but remain liquid. When coming in contact with a conductor, the supercooled drops instantaneously freeze and only a tiny amount of air is trapped in the ice. Glaze ice therefore has highest density among freezings (900 kg/m3) and huge loads may be reached in a few hours. Heavy burden leads to overburdening of conductors and consequently the conductors get torn and overhead line supports demolished.

Frost: drops of clouds or fog are supercooled at a temperature below 0 °C and while travelling with the wind they can freeze onto a surface when coming in contact with a conductor (density 300-700 kg/m3). A shape of a flag occurs against wind direction. Increased mass leads to overburdening of conductors and consequently the conductors get torn and overhead line supports demolished.

Wet snow: wet snowflakes are ice crystals, in which some water is also liquid and they typically occur at a temperature slightly above freezing point (0.5 to 2 °C). If liquid water content is 15-40 %, the snowflakes stick to the conductor. If liquid water content is higher, the snow slips off the conductor. Wind can additionally compress the stuck snow and the density of deposited snow is in the range from 100-850 kg/m3. Increased mass leads to overburdening of conductors and consequently the conductors get torn and overhead line supports demolished.

UV radiation: due to continuous exposure to sun rays and UV radiation a conductor ages and wears.

Overheating: conductors get heated due to conducting electric current and due to environmental influences. The temperature of a conductor in conditions of absence of solar radiation at current density 0.2-0.3 A/mm2 equals air temperature. As the temperature of a conductor increases to 70 °C due to the influence of sun heat, the burden of the conductor is increased twofold. Herewith current burdens cause damages on a conductor and a loss of electric energy on the way to a user. A conductor also lowers (dropping / mechanical slackening of materials) and safety clearance of a conductor from the ground is violated, which presents a threat for the safety of people.

Gathering of birds: when a large number of birds sit on a conductor, the latter gets slackened due to the burden (mass) of the birds. Upon an abrupt rise of all birds simultaneously because they got frightened (burst, vibration, predators ...), the conductor vibrates due to a sudden change in mass on the conductor. This conductor can come in contact with other parallel conductors, which causes a short circuit and consequently electricity failure. Known solutions to said problem are shaking with rods and burying of conductors. A majority of overhead lines, conductors to remote objects are carried out with overhead lines which are exposed to weather conditions (snow, glaze, wind, overheating) and electricity failures due to birds and strong wind. Burying of conductors is an expensive and time consuming process (in overhead lines almost impossible). Shaking of conductors is dangerous and expensive, as snow and icing may hurt the person performing the job. It is heavy work at heavily accessible places and expensive, as the work would have to be performed by several persons on several locations at any time needed.

Strain spacers are fastened to conductors due to the wind. Said spacers connect conductors in order to avoid a contact of conductors in strong wind thus preventing short circuit. The spacers are visually very disturbing for the environment and expensive to be produced, fitted and maintained.

The invention provides for protection of conductors against negative weather conditions like tearing of conductors due to snow, glaze and causing short circuits due to birds, overheating and wind.

Description of a new solution:

A solution to the technical problem is in the use and purpose of protection of conductors by a tube - protective device made from any artificial or natural substance, which is arranged on any conductor.

A protective device arranged on any conductor prevents the conductor from getting glazed, collecting wet snow, and collecting frost. It further prevents the influence of UV radiation on conductors and thus ageing, decreases overheating of the conductors, and prevents undercooling of the conductor and gathering of birds on the conductor.

A tube from insulation or any other non-insulation material, preferably of artificial insulation mass or the like is arranged onto a conductor. It may be of any polymer, copolymer recyclate, other artificial mass, preferably hydrophobic and UV stable or the like (1 ). The tube diameter exceeds that of the conductor. The tube can be cut (3) along the entire length, helically, longitudinally (axially) straight, it can be without a cut, or can be perforated. The tube may have blunt joint, toothed joint, round joint, rectangular joint, oval joint, preferably any profile joint, combined joint or the like on the cut. The colour of the tube may range from black down to shades of white and all other colour shades, mixed colours. The colour may be a self-changing colour depending on the strength of light and air temperature. The preferred colour is white. The tube may be oval, elliptical, multiangular in cross-section, preferably circular in cross-section. The diameter (cross-section) of the tube may have one chamber or several chambers, preferably four chambers (5). In diameter (cross- section), the tube may be single-layered or multi-layered, preferably two- layered (6). The air can thus freely circulate and functions as an insulator. The surface of the tube is smooth, corrugated, perforated or preferably smooth and corrugated. The tube can be homogeneous from one piece in cross-section, it may consist of two parts or of up to 99 parts in cross- section, preferably integral from one part. The thickness of a tube wall can range from 0.0001 mm to 10 mm, it is preferably as small as possible. The length of the tube may be 100 m, it can be 1 cm, it can be combined in length, preferably 1 m long. The protective device (tube) is arranged - put over the conductor (2). When enough snow, glaze is collected on the tube, the tube simply pivots due to gravity, drops off snow and glaze from the protective device of the conductor. It pivots due to instability of the tube on the conductor under the burden of snow and glaze (it functions as an eccentric). The rest of the conductor not protected by the protecting device thus vibrates and causes dropping off snow/icing. The wind accelerates it.

5 The protective device has insulation and UV resistant properties, which prevents undercooling of conductors at low temperatures, overheating at high temperatures, it prevents the conductors from corrosion and from a short circuit in the case of a mutual contact of parallel conductors. Its shape and mode of arrangement prevents the birds from sitting on the io conductor (the protective device twists - is not stable).

Fig.1 shows a cross-section of a protective device of overhead lines on a conductor

Fig.2 shows an arrangement of a rotor on the protective device of i s overhead lines

Fig. 3 shows layers and chambers on the protective device.

The tube - protective device can also be provided with a rotor - wind generator (4), which causes the entire protective device with the rotor to 2o rotate around the axial axis already at slight wind. The rotation yet additionally prevents the snow or glaze from collecting on the conductor. Further it prevents the gathering of birds on conductors. The rotor is manufactured from a natural or artificial material, preferably of a light insulation material or the like. The rotor has a diameter ranging from 150 cm to 4 cm, preferably 30 cm. The rotor may have from 70 blades up to 1 blade, preferably 8 blades. The flaps may be displaced between an angle of 0 ° to an angle of 360 °, preferably 30 °.