PYRIDIN-3-YL ACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS REPLICATION

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED INVENTION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application serial number

62/188,852 filed July 6, 2015.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. More particularly, the invention provides novel inhibitors of HIV, pharmaceutical compositions containing such

compounds, and methods for using these compounds in the treatment of HIV infection.

The invention also relates to methods for making the compounds hereinafter described. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been identified as the etiological agent responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a fatal disease characterized by destruction of the immune system and the inability to fight off life threatening

opportunistic infections. Recent statistics indicate that an estimated 35.3 million people worldwide are infected with the virus (TJNAIDS: Report on the Global HIV/ AIDS Epidemic, 2013). In addition to the large number of individuals already infected, the virus continues to spread. Estimates from 2013 point to close to 3.4 million new infections in that year alone. In the same year there were approximately 1.6 million deaths associated with HIV and AIDS.

Current therapy for HIV-infected individuals consists of a combination of

approved anti-retroviral agents. Over two dozen drugs are currently approved for HIV infection, either as single agents or as fixed dose combinations or single tablet regimens, the latter two containing 2-4 approved agents. These agents belong to a number of different classes, targeting either a viral enzyme or the function of a viral protein during the virus replication cycle. Thus, agents are classified as either nucleotide reverse

transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

(NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (Pis), integrase inhibitors (INIs), or entry inhibitors (one, maraviroc, targets the host CCR5 protein, while the other, enfuvirtide, is a peptide that targets the gp41 region of the viral gpl60 protein). In addition, a pharmacokinetic enhancer with no antiviral activity, i.e., cobicistat, available from Gilead Sciences, Inc. under the tradename TYBOST™ (cobicistat) tablets, has recently been approved for use in combinations with certain antiretroviral agents (ARVs) that may benefit from boosting.

In the US, where combination therapy is widely available, the number of HIV-related deaths has dramatically declined (Palella, F. J.; Delany, K. M.; Moorman, A. C;

Loveless, M. O.; Furher, J.; Satten, G. A.; Aschman, D. J.; Holmberg, S. D. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998, 338, 853-860).

Unfortunately, not all patients are responsive and a large number fail this therapy. In fact, initial studies suggest that approximately 30-50% of patients ultimately fail at least one drug in the suppressive combination. Treatment failure in most cases is caused by the emergence of viral resistance. Viral resistance in turn is caused by the replication rate of HIV-1 during the course of infection combined with the relatively high viral mutation rate associated with the viral polymerase and the lack of adherence of HIV-infected individuals in taking their prescribed medications. Clearly, there is a need for new antiviral agents, preferably with activity against viruses already resistant to currently approved drugs. Other important factors include improved safety and a more convenient dosing regimen than many of the currently approved drugs.

Compounds which inhibit HIV replication have been disclosed. See, for example, the following patent applications: WO2007131350, WO2009062285, WO2009062288,

WO2009062289, WO2009062308, WO2010130034, WO2010130842, WO2011015641, WO2011076765, WO2012033735, WO2013123148, WO2013134113, WO2014164467, WO2014159959, and WO2015126726.

What is now needed in the art are additional compounds which are novel and useful in the treatment of HIV. Additionally, these compounds may desireably provide advantages for pharmaceutical uses, for example, with regard to one or more of their mechanisms of action, binding, inhibition efficacy, target selectivity, solubility, safety profiles, or bioavailability. Also needed are new formulations and methods of treatment which utilize these compounds. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention encompasses compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as well as pharmaceutical compositions, and their use in inhibiting HIV and treating those infected with HIV or AIDS.

By virtue of the present invention, it is now possible to provide compounds that are novel and are useful in the treatment of HIV. Additionally, the compounds may provide advantages for pharmaceutical uses, for example, with regard to one or more of their mechanism of action, binding, inhibition efficacy, target selectivity, solubility, safety profiles, or bioavailability.

The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the invention, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, and/or diluent.

In addition, the invention provides methods of treating HIV infection comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of the invention to a patient.

In addition, the invention provides methods for inhibiting HIV integrase.

Also provided in accordance with the invention are methods for making the compounds of the invention.

The present invention is directed to these, as well as other important ends, hereinafter described.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Unless specified otherwise, these terms have the following meanings.

"Alkyl" means a straight or branched saturated hydrocarbon comprised of 1 to 10 carbons, and preferably 1 to 6 carbons.

"Alkenyl" means a straight or branched alkyl group comprised of 2 to 10 carbons with at least one double bond and optionally substituted with 0-3 halo or alkoxy group.

"Alkynyl" means a straight or branched alkyl group comprised of 2 to 10 carbons, preferably 2 to 6 carbons, containing at least one triple bond and optionally substituted with 0-3 halo or alkoxy group.

"Aryl" mean a carbocyclic group comprised of 1-3 rings that are fused and/or bonded and at least one or a combination of which is aromatic. The non-aromatic carbocyclic portion, where present, will be comprised of C ₃ to C ₇ alkyl group. Examples of aromatic groups include, but are not limited to indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, phenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl and cyclopropylphenyl. The aryl group can be attached to the parent structure through any substitutable carbon atom in the group.

"Arylalkyl" is a C 1-C5 alkyl group attached to 1 to 2 aryl groups and linked to the parent structure through the alkyl moiety. Examples include, but are not limited to, -(CH ₂ ) _n Ph with n = 1-5, -CH(CH ₃ )Ph, -CH(Ph) ₂ .

"Aryloxy" is an aryl group attached to the parent structure by oxygen.

"Cycloalkyl" means a monocyclic ring system composed of 3 to 7 carbons.

"Halo" includes fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.

"Haloalkyl" and "haloalkoxy" include all halogenated isomers from monohalo to perhalo.

"Heteroaryl" is a subset of heterocyclic group as defined below and is comprised of 1-3 rings where at least one or a combination of which is aromatic and that the aromatic group contains at least one atom chosen from a group of oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur.

"Heterocyclyl or heterocyclic" means a cyclic group of 1-3 rings comprised of carbon and at least one other atom selected independently from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. The rings could be bridged, fused and/or bonded, through a direct or spiro attachment, with the option to have one or a combination thereof be aromatic. Examples include, but are not limited to, azaindole, azaindoline, azetidine, benzimidazole, bezodioxolyl, benzoisothiazole, benzothiazole, benzothiadiazole, benzothiophene, benzoxazole, carbazole, chroman, dihalobezodioxolyl, dihydrobenzofuran, dihydro- benzo[l,4]oxazine, l,3-dihydrobenzo[c]thiophene 2,2-dioxide, 2,3- dihydrobenzo[d]isothiazole 1, 1-dioxide, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[3,2-b][l,4]oxazine, 2,3- dihydro-lH-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine and its regioisomeric variants, 6,7-dihydro-5H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazine and its regioisomeric variants , furanylphenyl, imidazole, imidazo[l,2-a]pyridine, indazole, indole, indoline, isoquinoline, isoquinolinone, isothiazolidine 1,1-dioxide, morpholine, 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, oxadiazole- phenyl, oxazole, phenylaztidine, phenylindazole, phenylpiperidine, phenylpiperizine, phenyl oxazole, phenylpyrrolidine, piperidine, pyridine, pyridinylphenyl,

pyridinylpyrrolidine, pyrimidine, pyrimidinylphenyl, pyrrazole-phenyl, pyrrolidine, pyrrolidin-2-one, lH-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine and its regioisomeric variants, pyrrole, 5H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazine, 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and its regioisomeric variants, quinazoline, quinoline, quinoxaline, tetrahydroisoquinoline, l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l,8- naphthyridine, tetrahydroquinoline, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine, 1,2,5- thiadiazolidine 1, 1 -dioxide, thiophene, thiophenylphenyl, triazole, or triazolone. Unless otherwise specifically set forth, the heterocyclic group can be attached to the parent structure through any suitable atom in the group that results in a stable compound.

It is understood that a subset of the noted heterocyclic examples encompass regioisomers. For instance, "azaindole" refers to any of the following regioisomers: 1H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine, lH-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine, lH-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine, and 1H- pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine. In addition the "regioisomer variants" notation as in, for example, "5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazine and its regioisomeric variants" would also encompass 7H- pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridazine, lH-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridazine, 5H- pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridazine, and 5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine. Similarly, 6,7-dihydro-5H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazine and its regioisomeric variants would encompass 6,7-dihydro-5H- pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridazine. It is also understood that the lack of "regioisomeric variants" notation does not in any way restrict the claim scope to the noted example only.

"Heterocyclylalkyl" is a heterocyclyl moiety attached to the parent structure through C1-C5 alkyl group. Examples include, but are not limited to, -(CH ₂ ) _n -R ^Z or -CH(CH ₃ )-(R ^Z ) where n = 1-5 and that R ^z is chosen from benzimidazole, imidazole, indazole, isooxazole, phenyl -pyrazole, pyridine, quinoline, thiazole, triazole, triazolone, oxadiazole.

Terms with a hydrocarbon moiety (e.g. alkoxy) include straight and branched isomers for the hydrocarbon portion with the indicated number of carbon atoms.

Bonding and positional bonding relationships are those that are stable as understood by practitioners of organic chemistry.

Parenthetic and multiparenthetic terms are intended to clarify bonding relationships to those skilled in the art. For example, a term such as ((R)alkyl) means an alkyl substituent further substituted with the substituent R.

Substituents which are illustrated by chemical drawing to bond at variable positions on a multiple ring system (for example a bicyclic ring system) are intended to bond to the ring where they are drawn to append. Parenthetic and multiparenthetic terms are intended to clarify bonding relationships to those skilled in the art. For example, a term such as ((R)alkyl) means an alkyl substituent further substituted with the substituent R.

"Combination," "coadministration," "concurrent" and similar terms referring to the administration of a compound of Formula I with at least one anti-HIV agent mean that the components are part of a combination antiretroviral therapy or highly active antiretroviral therapy ("HAART") as understood by practitioners in the field of AIDS and HIV infection.

"Therapeutically effective" means the amount of agent required to provide a benefit to a patient as understood by practitioners in the field of AIDS and HIV infection. In general, the goals of treatment are suppression of viral load, restoration and preservation of immunologic function, improved quality of life, and reduction of HIV-related morbidity and mortality.

"Patient" means a person infected with the HIV virus.

"Treatment," "therapy," "regimen," "HIV infection," "ARC," "AIDS" and related terms are used as understood by practitioners in the field of AIDS and HIV infection.

Those terms not specifically set forth herein shall have the meaning which is commonly understood and accepted in the art.

The invention includes all pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of the compounds. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are those in which the counter ions do not contribute significantly to the physiological activity or toxicity of the compounds and as such function as pharmacological equivalents. These salts can be made according to common organic techniques employing commercially available reagents. Some anionic salt forms include acetate, acistrate, besylate, bromide, chloride, citrate, fumarate, glucouronate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, iodide, lactate, maleate, mesylate, nitrate, pamoate, phosphate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate, and xinofoate. Some cationic salt forms include ammonium, aluminum, benzathine, bismuth, calcium, choline, diethylamine, diethanolamine, lithium, magnesium, meglumine,

4-phenylcyclohexylamine, piperazine, potassium, sodium, tromethamine, and zinc.

Some of the compounds of the invention exist in stereoisomeric forms. The invention includes all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds including enantiomers and diastereromers. Methods of making and separating stereoisomers are known in the art. The invention includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds. The invention includes atropisomers and rotational isomers. The invention is intended to include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the present compounds. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. By way of general example and without limitation, isotopes of hydrogen include deuterium and tritium. Isotopes of carbon include ¹³ C and ¹⁴ C. Isotopically- labeled compounds of the invention can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described herein, using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent otherwise employed. Such compounds may have a variety of potential uses, for example as standards and reagents in determining biological activity. In the case of stable isotopes, such compounds may have the potential to favorably modify biological, pharmacological, or pharmacokinetic properties.

In an aspect of the invention, there is provided a compound of Formula I:

wherein:

R ¹ is selected from hydrogen or alkyl;

R ² is selected from ((R ⁶ O)CR ⁹ R ¹⁰ )phenyl, ((R ⁶ S)CR ⁹ R ¹⁰ )phenyl, or

(((R ⁶ )(R ⁷ )N)CR ⁹ R ¹⁰ )phenyl;

R ³ is selected from azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, homopiperazinyl, or homomorpholinyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from cyano, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, or haloalkoxy;

R ⁴ is selected from alkyl or haloalkyl;

R ⁵ is alkyl;

R ⁶ is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (R ⁸ )Ci-3-alkyl, or (Ar^Co^-alkyl; R ⁷ is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, (furanyl)alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl,

cycloalkylcarbonyl, (phenoxy)methylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, (R ⁸ )carbonyl, (Ar ² )carbonyl, alkyl sulfonyl, phenyl sulfonyl, or mesitylenesulfonyl;

or N(R ⁶ )(R ⁷ ) taken together is tetrahydroisoquinolinyl;

R ⁸ is selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, homopiperazinyl, or homomorpholinyl; R ⁹ is selected from hydrogen or alkyl;

R ¹⁰ is selected from hydrogen or alkyl;

or R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ taken together with the carbon to which they are attached is cycloalkyl; Ar ¹ is a monocyclic heteroaryl or phenyl substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, carboxy, and alkoxycarbonyl; and

Ar ² is selected from phenyl, furanyl, or thienyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

For a particular compound of Formula I, the scope of any instance of a variable substituent, including R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ ' R ⁸ ' R ⁹ ' R ¹⁰ , Ar ¹ and Ar ² can be used independently with the scope of any other instance of a variable substituent. As such, the invention includes combinations of the different aspects.

In an aspect of the invention, R ¹ is alkyl; R ² is (((R ⁶ )(R ⁷ )N)CR ⁹ R ¹⁰ )phenyl; R ³ is piperidinyl substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from cyano, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, or haloalkoxy; R ⁹ is hydrogen; R ¹⁰ is hydrogen; and Ar ¹ is phenyl substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, carboxy, and alkoxycarbonyl.

In an aspect of the invention, R ⁶ is and

R ⁸ is amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino.

In an aspect of the invention, R ² is ((R ⁶ O)CR ⁹ R ¹⁰ )phenyl or ((R ⁶ S)CR ⁹ R ¹⁰ )phenyl.

In an aspect of the invention, R ² is (((R ⁶ )(R ⁷ )N)CR ⁹ R ¹⁰ )phenyl.

In an aspect of the invention, R ⁶ is (Ar^Co-s-alkyl;

R ⁷ is hydrogen, alkyl, (furanyl)alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl,

(phenoxy)methylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, (R ⁸ )carbonyl,

(Ar ² )carbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, or mesitylenesulfonyl; and

R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are hydrogen.

In an aspect of the invention, R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are hydrogen.

In an aspect of the invention, there is provided a compound of Formula I:

I wherein:

selected from hydrogen or alkyl;

R ² is selected from ((R ⁶ O)CR ⁹ R ¹⁰ )phenyl or ((R ⁶ S)CR ⁹ R ¹⁰ )phenyl;

R ³ is selected from azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, homopiperazinyl, or homomorpholinyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from cyano, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, or haloalkoxy;

R ⁴ is selected from alkyl or haloalkyl;

R ⁵ is alkyl;

R ⁶ is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (R ⁸ )Ci-3-alkyl, or (Ar^Co^-alkyl; R ⁷ is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, (furanyl)alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl,

cycloalkylcarbonyl, (phenoxy)methylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, (R ⁸ )carbonyl, (Ar ² )carbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, phenyl sulfonyl, or mesitylenesulfonyl;

or N(R ⁶ )(R ⁷ ) taken together is tetrahydroisoquinolinyl;

R ⁸ is selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, homopiperazinyl, or homomorpholinyl;

R ⁹ is selected from hydrogen or alkyl;

R ¹⁰ is selected from hydrogen or alkyl;

or R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ taken together with the carbon to which they are attached is cycloalkyl;

Ar ¹ is a monocyclic heteroaryl or phenyl substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, carboxy, and alkoxycarbonyl; and

Ar ² is selected from phenyl, furanyl, or thienyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In an aspect of the invention, there is provided a compound of Formula I:

I

wherein:

R is selected from hydrogen or alkyl;

R ² is (((R ⁶ )(R ⁷ )N)CR ⁹ R ¹⁰ )phenyl; R is selected from azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, homopiperazinyl, or homomorpholinyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from cyano, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, or haloalkoxy;

R ⁴ is selected from alkyl or haloalkyl;

R ⁵ is alkyl;

R ⁶ is (Ar^Co-s-alkyl;

R ⁷ is hydrogen, alkyl, (furanyl)alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl,

(phenoxy)methylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, (R ⁸ )carbonyl,

(Ar ² )carbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, or mesitylenesulfonyl; and

R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are hydrogen.

R ⁸ is selected from amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, homopiperazinyl, or homomorpholinyl;

R ⁹ is selected from hydrogen or alkyl;

R ¹⁰ is selected from hydrogen or alkyl;

or R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ taken together with the carbon to which they are attached is cycloalkyl; Ar ¹ is a monocyclic heteroaryl or phenyl substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, carboxy, and alkoxycarbonyl; and

Ar ² is selected from phenyl, furanyl, or thienyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In an aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition useful for treating HIV infection comprising a therapeutic amount of a compound of Formula I and a

pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In an aspect of the invention, the composition further comprises a therapeutically effective amount at least one other agent used for treatment of AIDS or HIV infection selected from nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, HIV fusion inhibitors, HIV attachment inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, HIV budding or maturation inhibitors, and HIV integrase inhibitors, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In an aspect of the invention, the other agent is dolutegravir.

In an aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for treating HIV infection comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a patient in need thereof. In an aspect of the invention, the method further comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one other agent used for treatment of AIDS or HIV infection selected from nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, HIV fusion inhibitors, HIV attachment inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, HIV budding or maturation inhibitors, and HIV integrase inhibitors. In an aspect of the invention, the other agent is dolutegravir. In an aspect of the invention, the other agent is administered to the patient prior to, simultaneously with, or subsequently to the compound of Formula I.

Preferred compounds in accordance with the present invention include the following:

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((4-fluoro-3- methylbenzyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)a cetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-di methyl-5-(4- (morpholinomethyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(2S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4- (((4- fluorobenzyl)((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)amino)methyl)phen yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin- 3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((4- fluorobenzyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)a cetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((4- fluorophenethyl)(methyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyr idin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(5-(4-(((3,3-dimethylbutyl)amino)me thyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((4- fluorobenzyl)(methyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridi n-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((4- methoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((2- methoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((4- fluorobenzyl)(methoxy)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyrid in-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-(((4- fluorophenethyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-y l)acetic acid; (S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(5-(4-(((3,4-dichlorobenzyl)amino)meth yl)phenyl)-4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(5-(4-(((2-cyclohexylethyl)amino)me thyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(5-(4-((Benzylamino)methyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylp iperidin-l-yl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-(tert-butoxy)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(5-(4-(((4-chlorobenzyl)amino)methyl)p henyl)-4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6 -dimethyl-5-(4-(((4- methylbenzyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(5-(4-(((cyclohexylmethyl)amino)met hyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-(((4-

(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethyl pyridin-3-yl)acetic acid; (S)-4-(((4-(5-(tert-Butoxy(carboxy)methyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylpi peridin-l-yl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3-yl)benzyl)amino)methyl)benzoic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-((N-(4- fluorobenzyl)cyclopentanecarboxamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dime thylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (N-(4- fluorobenzyl)benzamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-((N-(4- fluorobenzyl)propionamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin -3-yl)acetic acid (S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (N-(4- fluorobenzyl)isobutyramido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridi n-3-yl)acetic acid; (S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (N-(4- fluorobenzyl)acetamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-((N-(4- fluorobenzyl)pivalamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3 -yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-((N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2- methoxybenzamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)ace tic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-((2-fluoro-N-(4- fluorobenzyl)benzamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetic acid; (S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (4-fluoro-N-(4- fluorobenzyl)benzamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-((N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2,5- dimethylfuran-3-carboxamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyrid in-3-yl)acetic acid; (S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2- phenoxyacetamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)ace tic acid;

(S)-2-(5-(4-((((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)(4-fluorobenzyl)amino) methyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-(tert-bu toxy)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-(((4- fluorobenzyl)(methoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimet hylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((ethoxycarbonyl)(4- fluorobenzyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)a cetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-((N-(4- fluorobenzyl)methylsulfonamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpy ridin-3-yl)acetic acid; (S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (N-(4- fluorobenzyl)pyrrolidine-l-carboxamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-di methylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (N-(4- fluorobenzyl)phenylsulfonamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpy ridin-3-yl)acetic acid; (S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3- methoxybenzamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)ace tic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-((N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)benzamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridi n-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-((N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2- (trifluoromethyl)benzamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridi n-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-((N-(4- fluorobenzyl)cyclopropanecarboxamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dime thylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (3-fluoro-N-(4- fluorobenzyl)benzamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetic acid; (S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (N-(4- fluorobenzyl)cyclobutanecarboxamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimet hylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2- methylbenzamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acet ic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (N-(4- fluorobenzyl)thiophene-2-carboxamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dime thylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-4- methoxybenzamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)ace tic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)benzamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridi n-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( (N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2,4,6- trimethylphenylsulfonamido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridi n-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-di methyl-5-(4-((3- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)methyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(5-(4-(tert-butoxymethyl)phenyl)-4-(4, 4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)- 2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(5-(4-((4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)methy l)phenyl)-4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((4- fluorobenzyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)ace tic acid;

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((4- fluorobenzyl)thio)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)ac etic acid; and

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(5-(4-((3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(lH)-y l)methyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid; and

pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The compounds of the invention herein described may typically be administered as pharmaceutical compositions. These compositions are comprised of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and may contain conventional excipients and/or diluents. A therapeutically effective amount is that which is needed to provide a meaningful patient benefit. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are those conventionally known carriers having acceptable safety profiles. Compositions encompass all common solid and liquid forms, including capsules, tablets, lozenges, and powders, as well as liquid suspensions, syrups, elixirs, and solutions. Compositions are made using available formulation techniques, and excipients (such as binding and wetting agents) and vehicles (such as water and alcohols) which are generally used for compositions. See, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th edition, Mack Publishing

Company, Easton, PA (1985).

Solid compositions which are normally formulated in dosage units and compositions providing from about 1 to 1000 milligram ("mg") of the active ingredient per dose are typical. Some examples of dosages are 1 mg, 10 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1000 mg. Generally, other antiretroviral agents will be present in a unit range similar to agents of that class used clinically. Typically, this is about 0.25-1000 mg/unit.

Liquid compositions are usually in dosage unit ranges. Generally, the liquid composition will be in a unit dosage range of about 1-100 milligram per milliliter ("mg/mL"). Some examples of dosages are 1 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL. Generally, other antiretroviral agents will be present in a unit range similar to agents of that class used clinically. Typically, this is about 1-100 mg/mL.

The invention encompasses all conventional modes of administration; oral and parenteral methods are preferred. Generally, the dosing regimen will be similar to other antiretroviral agents used clinically. Typically, the daily dose will be about 1-100 milligram per kilogram ("mg/kg") body weight daily. Generally, more compound is required orally and less parenterally. The specific dosing regimen, however, will be determined by a physician using sound medical judgment.

The compounds of this invention desireably have activity against HIV. Accordingly, another aspect of the invention is a method for treating HIV infection in a human patient comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient and/or diluent.

The invention also encompasses methods where the compound is given in

combination therapy. That is, the compound can be used in conjunction with, but separately from, other agents useful in treating AIDS and HIV infection. The compound can also be used in combination therapy wherein the compound and one or more of the other agents are physically together in a fixed-dose combination (FDC). Some of these agents include HIV attachment inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, HIV cell fusion inhibitors, HIV integrase inhibitors, HIV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, budding and maturation inhibitors, HIV capsid inhibitors, anti-infectives, and

immunomodulators, such as, for example, PD-1 inhibitors, PD-Ll inhinitors, antibodies, and the like. In these combination methods, the compound of Formula I will generally be given in a daily dose of about 1-100 mg/kg body weight daily in conjunction with other agents. The other agents generally will be given in the amounts used therapeutically. The specific dosing regimen, however, will be determined by a physician using sound medical judgment.

Examples of nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors include abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, stavudine, tenofovir, zalcitabine, and zidovudine.

Examples of non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors include delavirdine, efavirenz, etrivirine, nevirapine, and rilpivirine.

Examples of HIV protease inhibitors include amprenavir, atazanavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir and, tipranavir.

An example of an HIV fusion inhibitor is enfuvirtide or T-1249.

An example of an HIV entry inhibitor is maraviroc.

Examples of HIV integrase inhibitors include dolutegravir, elvitegravir, or raltegravir.

An example of an HIV attachment inhibitor is fostemsavir.

An example of an HIV maturation inhibitor is BMS-955176, having the following structure:

Thus, as set forth above, contemplated herein are combinations of the compounds of Formula I, together with one or more agents useful in the treatment of AIDS. For example, the compounds of the invention may be effectively administered, whether at periods of pre-exposure and/or post-exposure, in combination with effective amounts of the AIDS antivirals, immunomodulators, anti-infectives, or vaccines, such as those in the following non-limiting table:

ANTIVIRALS

Drug Name Manufacturer Indication Rilpivirine Tibotec HIV infection, AIDS, ARC

(non-nucleoside

reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

COMPLERAd Gilead HIV infection, AIDS,

ARC; combination

with emtricitabine, rilpivirine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

097 Hoechst/Bayer HIV infection,

AIDS, ARC

(non-nucleoside

reverse transcriptase (RT)

inhibitor)

Amprenavir Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection,

141 W94 AIDS, ARC

GW 141 (protease inhibitor) Abacavir (1592U89) Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, GW 1592 AIDS, ARC

(RT inhibitor) Acemannan Carrington Labs ARC

(Irving, TX)

Acyclovir Burroughs Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS,

ARC

AD-439 Tanox Biosystems HIV infection, AIDS,

ARC

AD-519 Tanox Biosystems HIV infection, AIDS,

ARC

Adefovir dipivoxil Gilead Sciences HIV infection

AL-721 Ethigen ARC, PGL

(Los Angeles, CA) HIV positive, AIDS

Alpha Interferon Glaxo Wellcome Kaposi's sarcoma,

HIV in combination w/Retrovir

Ansamycin Adria Laboratories ARC

LM 427 (Dublin, OH)

Erbamont

(Stamford, CT)

Antibody which Advanced Biotherapy AIDS, ARC

Neutralizes pH Concepts

Labile alpha aberrant (Rockville, MD)

Interferon AR177 Aronex Pharm HIV infection, AIDS,

ARC

Beta-fluoro-ddA Nat'l Cancer Institute AIDS-associated

diseases

CI-1012 Warner-Lambert HIV-1 infection Cidofovir Gilead Science CMV retinitis,

herpes, papillomavirus

Curdlan sulfate AJI Pharma USA HIV infection

Cytomegalovirus Medlmmune CMV retinitis

Immune globin

Cytovene Syntex Sight threatening

Ganciclovir CMV

peripheral CMV retinitis

Darunavir Tibotec- J & J HIV infection, AIDS, ARC

(protease inhibitor) Delaviridine Pharmaci a-Upj ohn HIV infection,

AIDS, ARC

(RT inhibitor)

Dextran Sulfate Ueno Fine Chem. AIDS, ARC, HIV

Ind. Ltd. (Osaka, positive

Japan) asymptomatic ddC Hoffman-La Roche HIV infection, AIDS,

Dideoxycytidine ARC ddl Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV infection, AIDS,

Dideoxyinosine ARC; combination

with AZT/d4T

DMP-450 AVID HIV infection,

(Camden, NJ) AIDS, ARC

(protease inhibitor)

Efavirenz Bristol Myers Squibb HIV infection,

(DMP 266, SUSTIVA ^® ) AIDS, ARC

(-)6-Chloro-4-(S)- (non-nucleoside RT cyclopropylethynyl- inhibitor)

4(S)-trifluoro- methyl- 1 ,4-dihydro-

2H-3,l-benzoxazin-

2-one, STOCRINE

EL10 Elan Corp, PLC HIV infection

(Gainesville, GA)

Etravirine Tibotec/ J & J HIV infection, AIDS, ARC

(non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

Famciclovir Smith Kline herpes zoster,

herpes simplex

GS 840 Gilead HIV infection,

AIDS, ARC (reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

HBY097 Hoechst Marion HIV infection,

Roussel AIDS, ARC

(non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) Hypericin VIMRx Pharm. HIV infection, AIDS,

ARC

Recombinant Human Triton Biosciences AIDS, Kaposi's Interferon Beta (Almeda, CA) sarcoma, ARC

Interferon alfa-n3 Interferon Sciences ARC, AIDS

Indinavir Merck HIV infection, AIDS,

ARC, asymptomatic HIV positive, also in combination with AZT/ddl/ddC

ISIS 2922 ISIS Pharmaceuticals CMV retinitis

KNI-272 Nat'l Cancer Institute HIV-assoc. diseases

Lamivudine, 3TC Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection,

AIDS, ARC

(reverse

transcriptase inhibitor); also with AZT Lobucavir Bristol-Myers Squibb CMV infection

Nelfinavir Agouron HIV infection,

Pharmaceuticals AIDS, ARC

(protease inhibitor)

Nevirapine Boeheringer HIV infection,

Ingleheim AIDS, ARC

(RT inhibitor)

Novapren Novaferon Labs, Inc. HIV inhibitor

(Akron, OH)

Peptide T Peninsula Labs AIDS

Octapeptide (Belmont, CA)

Sequence

Tri sodium Astra Pharm. CMV retinitis, HIV Phosphonoformate Products, Inc. infection, other CMV infections

PNU- 140690 Pharmacia Upjohn HIV infection,

AIDS, ARC

(protease inhibitor)

Probucol Vyrex HIV infection, AIDS RBC-CD4 Sheffield Med. HIV infection,

Tech (Houston, TX) AIDS, ARC

Ritonavir Abbott HIV infection,

AIDS, ARC (protease inhibitor)

Saquinavir Hoffmann- HIV infection,

LaRoche AIDS, ARC

(protease inhibitor)

Stavudine; d4T Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV infection, AIDS,

Didehydrodeoxy- ARC

Thymidine

Tipranavir Boehringer Ingelheim HIV infection, AIDS, ARC

(protease inhibitor)

Valaciclovir Glaxo Wellcome Genital HSV & CMV

Infections

Virazole Viratek/ICN asymptomatic HIV

Ribavirin (Costa Mesa, C A) positive, LAS, ARC

VX-478 Vertex HIV infection, AIDS,

ARC Zalcitabine Hoffmann-LaRoche HIV infection, AIDS,

ARC, with AZT

Zidovudine; AZT Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS,

ARC, Kaposi's

sarcoma, in combination with other therapies Tenofovir disoproxil, Gilead HIV infection, fumarate salt (VIREAD ^® ) AIDS,

(reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

EMTRIVA ^® Gilead HIV infection, (Emtricitabine) (FTC) AIDS,

(reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

COMBIVHC GSK HIV infection,

AIDS,

(reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

Abacavir succinate GSK HIV infection,

(or ZIAGEN ^® ) AIDS,

(reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

REYATAZ Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV infection (or atazanavir) AIDs, protease

inhibitor

FUZEON Roche / Trimeris HIV infection

(Enfuvirtide or T-20) AIDs, viral Fusion inhibitor

LEXIVA ^® GSK/Vertex HIV infection (or Fosamprenavir calcium) AIDs, viral protease inhibitor SELZENTRY™

Maraviroc; (UK 427857) Pfizer HIV infection

AIDs, (CCR5 antagonist, in development)

TRIZIVIR ^® GSK HIV infection

AIDs, (three drug combination)

Sch-417690 (vicriviroc) Schering-Plough HIV infection

AIDs, (CCR5 antagonist, in development)

TAK-652 Takeda HIV infection

AIDs, (CCR5 antagonist, in development)

GSK 873140 GSK/ONO HIV infection

(ONO-4128) AIDs, (CCR5 antagonist, in development)

Integrase Inhibitor Merck HIV infection

MK-0518 AIDs

Raltegravir

TRUVADA Gilead Combination of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate salt (VIREAD ^® ) and EMTRIVA ⁽ (Emtricitabine)

Integrase Inhibitor Gilead/Japan Tobacco HIV Infection

GS917/JTK-303 AIDs

Elvitegravir in development Triple drug combination Gilead/Bristol-Myers Squibb Combination of Tenofovir ATRIPLA ^® disoproxil fumarate salt

(VIREAD ^® ), EMTRIVA ^® (Emtricitabine), and SUSTIVA ^® (Efavirenz)

FESTINAVIR Oncolys BioPharma HIV infection

AIDs

in development

CMX-157 Chimerix HIV infection

Lipid conjugate of AIDs

nucleotide tenofovir

GSK1349572 GSK HIV infection

Integrase inhibitor AIDs

TIVICAY ^®

dolutegravir

IMMUNOMODULATORS

Drug Name Manufacturer Indication AS-101 Wyeth-Ayerst AIDS

Bropirimine Pharmacia Upjohn Advanced AIDS

Acemannan Carrington Labs, Inc. AIDS, ARC

(Irving, TX) CL246,738 Wyeth AIDS, Kaposi's

Lederle Labs sarcoma

FP-21399 Fuki ImmunoPharm Blocks HIV fusion with CD4+ cells

Gamma Interferon Genentech ARC, in combination w/TNF (tumor necrosis factor)

Granulocyte Genetics Institute AIDS

Macrophage Colony Sandoz

Stimulating Factor Granulocyte Hoechst-Roussel AIDS

Macrophage Colony Immunex

Stimulating Factor

Granulocyte Schering-Plough AIDS,

Macrophage Colony combination

Stimulating Factor w/AZT

HIV Core Particle Rorer Seropositive HIV Immunostimulant

IL-2 Cetus AIDS, in combination

Interleukin-2 w/AZT IL-2 Hoffman-LaRoche AIDS, ARC, HIV, in Interleukin-2 Immunex combination w/AZT IL-2 Chiron AIDS, increase in

Interleukin-2 CD4 cell counts (aldeslukin)

Immune Globul Cutter Biological Pediatric AIDS, in

Intravenous (Berkeley, CA) combination w/AZT

(human)

IMREG-1 Imreg AIDS, Kaposi's

(New Orleans, LA) sarcoma, ARC, PGL IMREG-2 Imreg AIDS, Kaposi's

(New Orleans, LA) sarcoma, ARC, PGL

Imuthiol Diethyl Merieux Institute AIDS, ARC

Dithio Carbamate

Alpha-2 Schering Plough Kaposi's sarcoma Interferon w/AZT, AIDS

Methionine- TNI Pharmaceutical AIDS, ARC

Enkephalin (Chicago, IL)

MTP-PE Ciba-Geigy Corp. Kaposi's sarcoma

Muramy 1 -Tripepti de Granulocyte Amgen AIDS, in combination

Colony Stimulating w/AZT

Factor

Remune Immune Response Immunotherapeutic

Corp. rCD4 Genentech AIDS, ARC

Recombinant Soluble Human CD4 rCD4-IgG AIDS, ARC hybrids

Recombinant Biogen AIDS, ARC

Soluble Human CD4

Interferon Hoffman-La Roche Kaposi's sarcoma

Alfa 2a AIDS, ARC,

in combination w/AZT

SK&F 106528 Smith Kline HIV infection Soluble T4

Thymopentin Immunobiology HIV infection

Research Institute

(Annandale, NJ)

Tumor Necrosis Genentech ARC, in combination Factor; TNF w/gamma Interferon

ANTI-INFECTIVES

Drug Name Manufacturer Indication

Clindamycin with Pharmacia Upjohn PCP

Primaquine

Fluconazole Pfizer Cryptococcal

meningitis, candidiasis

Pastille Squibb Corp. Prevention of Nystatin Pastille oral candidiasis

Ornidyl Merrell Dow PCP

Eflornithine

Pentamidine LyphoMed PCP treatment Isethionate (IM & IV) (Rosemont, IL)

Trimethoprim Antibacterial

Trimethoprim/sulfa Antibacterial

Piritrexim Burroughs Wellcome PCP treatment Pentamidine Fisons Corporation PCP prophylaxis Isethionate for

Inhalation

Spiramycin Rhone-Poulenc Cryptosporidia! diarrhea

Intraconazole- Janssen-Pharm. Histoplasmosis; R51211 cryptococcal meningitis

Trimetrexate Warner-Lambert PCP

Daunorubicin NeXstar, Sequus Kaposi's sarcoma

Recombinant Human Ortho Pharm. Corp. Severe anemia Erythropoietin assoc. with AZT therapy Recombinant Human Serono AIDS-related Growth Hormone wasting, cachexia

Megestrol Acetate Bristol-Myers Squibb Treatment of

anorexia assoc.

W/AIDS

Testosterone Alza, Smith Kline AIDS-related wasting

Total Enteral Norwich Eaton Diarrhea and

Nutrition Pharmaceuticals malabsorption

related to AIDS

Methods of Synthesis

The compounds of this invention can be made by various methods known in the art including those of the following schemes and in the specific embodiments section. The structure numbering and variable numbering shown in the synthetic schemes are distinct from, and should not be confused with, the structure or variable numbering in the claims or the rest of the specification. The variables in the schemes are meant only to illustrate how to make some of the compounds of this invention. The disclosure is not limited to the foregoing illustrative examples and the examples should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing examples, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced.

Abbreviations used in the schemes and examples generally follow conventions used in the art. Chemical abbreviations used in the specification and examples are defined as follows: "KHMDS" for potasium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide; "DMF" for N,N- dimethylformamide; "HATlTfor 0-(t- Azabenzotriazol- 1 -yl)-N,N,N' ,Ν' - tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, "MeOH" for methanol; "Ar" for aryl; "TFA" for trifluoroacetic acid, "DMSO" for dimethylsulfoxide; "h" for hours; "rt" for room temperature or retention time (context will dictate); "min" for minutes; "EtOAc" for ethyl acetate; "THF" for tetrahydrofuran; "Et ₂ 0" for diethyl ether; "DMAP" for 4- dimethylaminopyridine; "DCE" for 1,2-dichloroethane; "ACN" for acetonitrile; "DME" for 1,2-dimethoxy ethane; "HOBt" for 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate; and "DIEA" for dii sopropy 1 ethyl amine .

Certain other abbreviations as used herein, are defined as follows: "1 x" for once, "2 x" for twice, "3 x" for thrice, "°C" for degrees Celsius, "eq" for equivalent or equivalents, "g" for gram or grams, "mg" for milligram or milligrams, "L" for liter or liters, "mL" for milliliter or milliliters, "μί" for microliter or microliters, "N" for normal, "M" for molar, "mmol" for millimole or millimoles, "atm" for atmosphere, "psi" for pounds per square inch, "cone." for concentrate, "sat" or "sat'd " for saturated, "MW" for molecular weight, "mp" for melting point, "ee" for enantiomeric excess, "MS" or "Mass Spec" for mass spectrometry, "ESI" for electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, "HR" for high resolution, "HRMS" for high resolution mass spectrometry , "LCMS" for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, "HPLC" for high pressure liquid chromatography, "RP HPLC" for reverse phase HPLC, "TLC" or "tic" for thin layer chromatography, " MR" for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, "¾" for proton, "δ" for delta, "s" for singlet, "d" for doublet, "t" for triplet, "q" for quartet, "m" for multiplet, "br" for broad, "Hz" for hertz, and "α", "β", "R", "S", "E", and "Z" are stereochemical designations familiar to one skilled in the art.

Some compounds can be synthesized from an appropriately substituted heterocycle 1-1 according to Scheme I. Compounds 1-1 and 1-6 are commercially available or synthesized by reactions well known in the art. Treatment of compound 1-1 with bromine provided the dibromo intermediates 1-2 which was converted to the chloropyridine 1-3 by reacting with POCl ₃ . Intermediate 1-3 conveniently transformed to ketoester 1-5 using conditions well-known to those skilled in the art, including reacting I- 3 with Grignard reagent in the presence of catalytic copper(I) bromide dimethylsulfide complex followed by alkyl 2-chloro-2-oxoacetate 1-4. Coupling of amines 1-6 with intermediate 1-5 in the presence of an organic base such as Hunig's base provided intermediate 1-7. Chiral Lewis acid such as 1-8 mediated reduction of ketoester 1-7 with catecholborane furnished the chiral alcohol 1-9. Tertiary butylation of alcohol 1-9 by well-known conditions, including but not limited to isobutylene and perchloric acid, gave intermediate 1-10. Intermediate 1-10 was conveniently transformed to intermediate 1-11 using conditions well-known in the art, including but not limited to the Suzuki coupling between intermediate 1-10 and R ⁶ B(OR) ₂ . The boronate or boronic acid coupling reagents, well-known in the art, are commercially available or are prepared by reactions well-known to those skilled in the art. Hydrolysis of intermediate 1-11 by using conditions well-known to those skilled in the art furnished carboxylic acid 1-12.

Scheme I

1-12

Intermediate 1-10 conveniently transformed to intermediate II-2 using conditions well- known in the art, including but not limited to the Suzuki coupling between intermediate I- 10 and boronic acid derivative II- 1. The boronic acid derivatives II-l are well-known in the art and are commercially available or are prepared by reactions well-known to those skilled in the art. The aldehyde II-2 and the amine 11 3 were coupled using reductive alkylation conditions well know to those skilled in the art, including but not limited to NaC BH ₄ /ZnCl ₂ provided intermediate II-4. Hydrolysis of intermediate II-4 by using conditions well-known in the literature furnished carboxylic acid II-5. Scheme II reductive amination

The compounds described herein were purified by the methods well known to those skilled in art by normal phase column chromatography on silica gel column using appropriate solvent system described. Preparative HPLC purifications mentioned in this experimentation section were carried out gradient elution either on Sunfire Prep CI 8 ODB column (5 μιη; 19 or 30 X 100 mm) or Waters Xbridge column (5 μΜ; 19 or 30 X 100 mm) using the following mobile phases: Mobile phase A: 9: 1 H ₂ 0/acetonitrile with 10 mM H ₄ OAc and mobile phase B : A: 9: 1 acetonitrile/H ₂ 0 with: 10 mM H ₄ OAc; or mobile phase A: 9: 1 H ₂ 0/acetonitrile with 0.1% TFA and mobile phase B : A: 9: 1 acetonitrile/H ₂ 0 with: 0.1% TFA; or mobile phase A: water with 20 mM H ₄ OAc and mobile phase B: 95:5 MeOH/H ₂ 0 with 20 mM H ₄ OAc.

3,5-Dibromo-2, 6-dimethylpyridin-4-ol: A 3 -neck R.B-flask equipped with mechanical stirrer, addition funnel and condenser is charged with 2,6-dimethylpyridin-4-ol (100 g, 812 mmol), CH ₂ C1 ₂ (1000 mL) and MeOH (120 mL). To the resulting light brown or tan solution was added tert-Bu H ₂ (176 ml, 1665 mmol), cooled in water bath maintained between 5-10 °C (ice-water) and added drop wise Br ₂ (84 ml, 1624 mmol) over 70 min. After the addition was complete cold bath was removed and stirred for 1.5 h at rt. Then, the light orange slurry was filtered and the filter cake was washed with ether (250 mL) and dried to afford 3,5-dibromo-2,6-dimethylpyridin-4-ol, hydrobromide (280.75 g, 776 mmol, 96 % yield) as white solid which was used in the next step without further purification. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 12.08 (br. s., 1H), 2.41 (s, 6H). LCMS (M+H) = 281.9. Alternative procedure: Bromine (72.8 mL, 1.4 mol) was added via addition funnel over 60 min to a mechanically stirred cold (ice-water bath) solution of 2,6-dimethylpyridin-4- ol (87 g, 706 mmol) and 4-methylmorpholine (156 mL, 1.4 mol) in dichloromethane (1 L) and methanol (100 mL) and then stirred for 2 h at rt. Additional bromine (-15 mL) was added based on monitoring by LCMS. The product was filtered, washed with ether, and dried under vacuum to give 3,5-dibromo-2,6-dimethylpyridin-4-ol 176.8 g (88%).

3,5-Dibromo-4-chloro-2,6-dimethyl-pyridine: Triethylamine (28.8 mL, 206 mmol) was added to a nitrogen purged solution of 3,5-dibromo-2,6-dimethylpyridin-4-ol (58 g, 206 mmol) and phosphorous oxychloride (57.7 mL, 619 mmol) in chloroform (450 mL) and stirred for 1 h at rt, then 3 h at 80 °C. The reaction was removed from heating and immediately concentrated under house vaccum; then under high vacuum. The appearance was a cream colored solid, which was azeotroped with toluene (2x100 mL); treated with ice (200 g) for 10 min and carefully neutralized with NaHC0 ₃ (powder), and IN NaOH solution, and extracted with DCM (2 X 400 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgS0 ₄ ), concentrated, and a beige solid was obtained that was washed with hexanes and dried under high vacuum to give 3,5-dibromo-4-chloro-2,6-dimethyl-pyridine 52.74 g (85.1%). Concentration of the hexanes gave 3.5 g of less pure product. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) δ 2.59 (s, 6H). LCMS (M+H) = 300.0.

Ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxoacetate: To a stirred mixture of 3,5-dibromo-4-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyridine (14.94 g, 49.9 mmol) and Cu(I)Br Me2S (0.513 g, 2.495 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added drop wise 2M iPrMgCl/THF (26.2 ml, 52.4 mmol) at -30 °C over 5 min. Then, the resulting slurry was warmed to -10 °C over 30 min and stirred for 30 min. The homogeneous brown reaction mixture was rapidly transferred via cannula to a solution of ethyl 2-chloro-2-oxoacetate (6.14 ml, 54.9 mmol, degassed for 5 min by bubbling N2 through the solution) in THF (50 mL) maintained at - 30 °C. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred (1.5 h) while warming to 0 °C. Then, taken up in to Et ₂ 0 (200 mL), washed with 1 : 1 sat Na ₂ C0 ₃ /lM H ₄ C1 (3 x 50 mL), dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered and concentrated to give brown viscous oil. Flash chromatography using 2.5, 5 and 7.5% EtOAc/Hex afforded ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-chloro-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxoacetate (14.37 g, 44.8 mmol, 90 % yield) as white solid. 1H MR (400 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) δ 4.42 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (s, 3H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 1.41 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). LCMS (M+H) = 322.1.

Ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-(4, 4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2, 6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxoacetate: To a solution of 4,4-dimethylpiperidine (1.245 g, 11.00 mmol) and DIEA (3.49 ml, 20.00 mmol) in anhydrous CH ₃ CN (40 mL) was added ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-chloro-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxoacetate (3.21 g, 10 mmol) at rt. The resulting mixture was placed in a pre-heated oil bath (80 °C). After 22 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash chromatography using 1 -lit each 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% EtO Ac/Hex to afford ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-oxoacetate (2.846 g, 7.16 mmol, 71.6 % yield) as yellow solid. 1H MR (500 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) δ 4.37 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.67-2.75 (br.s., 4H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 1.42 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.38 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 4H), 1.00 (s, 6H). LCMS (M+H) = 399.4.

(S)-Ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-chloro-2, 6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-hydroxyacetate: To stirred yellow solution of ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridi n- 3-yl)-2-oxoacetate (2.25 g, 5.66 mmol) and (R)-l-methyl-3,3- diphenylhexahydropyrrolo[l,2-c][l,3,2]oxazaborole (0.314 g, 1.133 mmol) in toluene (30 mL) at -35 °C was added drop wise 50% catecholborane (1.819 ml, 8.49 mmol) over 10 min. The reaction mixture was slowly warmed to -15 °C over 1 h and then left for 2 h at - 15 °C. Then, diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with sat Na ₂ C0 ₃ (4 x 25 mL) by vigorously stirring and separating aqueous layers. The organic layer dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered, concentrated and purified by flash chromatography using 10, 20 and 25%

EtO Ac/Hex to afford desired (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-hydroxyacetate (2.2596 g, 5.66 mmol, 100 % yield)

contaminated with about 10% of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-chloro-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)-2-hydroxyacetate. Used in the next step without further purification. ¹ H MR

(500MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) δ 5.71 (d, J=7.3 Hz, IH), 5.54 (d, J=7.4 Hz, IH), 4.29 (dq, J=10.8, 7.1 Hz, IH), 4.16 (dq, J=10.8, 7.1 Hz, IH), 3.94 - 3.83 (m, 2H), 2.71 (d, J=11.9 Hz, IH), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 2.54 (d, J=12.0 Hz, IH), 1.71 (td, J=12.7, 4.7 Hz, IH), 1.62 (td, J=13.0, 4.7 Hz, IH), 1.42 (dd, 7=13.1, 2.2 Hz, IH), 1.37 (dd, 7=12.9, 2.4 Hz, IH), 1.25 (t, 7=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.09 (s, 3H), 1.04 (s, 3H). LCMS (M+H) = 401.3.

(S)-Ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-(4, 4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2, 6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-(tert- butoxy) acetate: A stirred ice-cold yellow mixture of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-hydroxya cetate (2.45 g, 6.14 mmol) and 70% HC10 ₄ (1.054 ml, 12.27 mmol) in CH ₂ C1 ₂ (100 mL) was saturated with isobutylene gas by bubbling through the reaction mixture (10 min). After 2 h, cold bath was removed and the turbid reaction mixture stirred for 22 h at rt. LCMS at this point showed 4: 1 product to sm. So, saturated with isobutylene (5 min) at rt and stirred for additional 24 h. Then, neutralized with sat. Na ₂ C0 ₃ (30 mL), organic layer separated and aqueous layer extracted with CH ₂ C1 ₂ (25 mL). The combined organic layers dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered, concentrated and purified by flash chromatography using 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40% EtOAc/hex to afford (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-(tert-butoxy)acetate (2.3074 g, 5.07 mmol, 83 % yield) as yellow oil: ¹ H MR (500 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) δ 6.19 (br. s., IH), 4.17-4.24 (m, IH), 4.08-4.14 (m,

IH), 4.04 (dt, J=2.5, 12.1 Hz, IH), 3.51 (dt, J=2.5, 12.1 Hz, IH), 2.85-2.91 (m, IH), 2.64 (s, 3H), 2.57-2.62 (m, IH), 2.55 (s, 3H), 1.55-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.41-1.46 (m, IH), 1.32-1.37 (m, IH), 1.21 (s, 9H), 1.20 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.08 (s, 3H), 1.03 (s, 3H). LCMS (M+H) = 457.4. And (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridi n-3- yl)-2-hydroxyacetate (0.3 g, 0.751 mmol, 12.24 % yield) as pale yellow paste: LCMS (M+H) = 401.3.

(S)-Ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4, 4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-formylphenyl)-2, 6- dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetate: A mixture of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-(tert-bu toxy)acetate (0.505 g, 1.109 mmol), (4-formylphenyl)boronic acid (0.333 g, 2.218 mmol) and 2M Na ₂ C0 ₃ (1.663 ml, 3.33 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was degassed for 10 min. Then, Pd(Ph ₃ P) ₄ (0.064 g, 0.055 mmol) was added, degassed for 5 min and placed in a pre-heated oilbath at 110 °C. After 2 h, cooled, diluted with ether (50 mL), washed with water (4 x 10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered, concentrated and purified by flash chromatography using 20, 30 and 40% EtO Ac/Hex to afford (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l- yl)-5-(4-formylphenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetate (0.426 g, 0.886 mmol, 80 % yield) as off-white solid. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) δ 10.13 (s, IH), 8.00 (dt, 7=1.4, 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.49-7.53 (m, IH), 7.38 (dd, 7=1.3, 7.6 Hz, IH), 6.03 (s, IH), 4.24-4.31 (m, IH), 4.16-4.24 (m, IH), 3.26 (d, 7=12.0 Hz, IH), 2.85 (t, 7=12.1 Hz, IH), 2.63 (s, 3H), 2.26-2.33 (m, IH), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.94 (t, 7=11.4 Hz, IH), 1.56 (dt, 7=3.6, 12.9 Hz, IH), 1.32-1.42 (m, IH), 1.28 (t, 7=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.21 (s, 9H), 1.02-1.08 (m, IH), 0.90 (br. s., 3H), 0.60 (s, 3H). LCMS (M+H) = 481.3.

Example 1

(S)-2-( tert-Butoxy)-2-( 4-( 4, 4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-( ((4-fluoro-S- methylbenzyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2, 6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid. To a stirred solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4- formylphenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetate (0.062 g, 0.052 mmol) and (4-fluoro-3- methylphenyl)methanamine (0.043 g, 0.310 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added at once a mixture of ZnCl ₂ (7.03 mg, 0.052 mmol) and NaCNBH ₄ (6.49 mg, 0.103 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) at rt. After 2 h, diluted with EtOAc (25 mL), washed with water (2 x 5 mL), brine (5 mL), dried (MgS0 ₄ ), filtered and concentrated to give crude (S)-ethyl 2- (tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-(((4-fl uoro-3- methylbenzyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)a cetate which was used in the next step without purification. LCMS (M+H) = 604.5.

A solution of above crude ester and LiOH (0.012 g, 0.516 mmol) in 9: 1 EtOH/H ₂ 0 (2 mL) was heated at reflux for 3.5 h. Then, cooled and purified by prep-HPLC to afford (S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((4-fluoro-3- methylbenzyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)a cetic acid* H ₄ OAc (0.0225 g, 0.034 mmol, 66.8 % yield) as white solid. 1H MR (500 MHz, CDCL ₃ ) δ 7.44 (t, 7=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (dd, 7=1.6, 7.7 Hz, IH), 7.19 (dd, 7=1.7, 7.3 Hz, IH), 7.11- 7.16 (m, 2H), 6.99 (t, 7=8.5 Hz, IH), 5.96 (br. s., IH), 3.92 (s, 2H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 2.71- 2.97 (m, 9H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.30 (d, 7=1.6 Hz, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.26-1.35 (m, 4H), 1.25 (s, 9H), 0.74 (br. s., 6H). LCMS (M+H) = 576.5.

(S)-Ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4, 4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2, 6-dimethyl-5-(4- (morpholinomethyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetate: A mixture of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4- (4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-(te rt-butoxy)acetate (0.02 g, 0.044 mmol), (4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)boronic acid (0.019 g, 0.088 mmol) and 2M Na2C03 (0.055 ml, 0.110 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was degassed for 3 min. Then, Pd(Ph ₃ P) ₄ (5.07 mg, 4.39 μιηοΐ) was degassed for 1 min and placed in a pre-heated oil bath at 90 °C. After 9 h, cooled and purified by prep-HPLC to afford (S)-ethyl 2-(tert- butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin- 1 -yl)-2,6-dimethyl-5-(4-

(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetate (0.0114 g, 0.021 mmol, 47.0 % yield) as brown solid. LCMS (M+H) = 552.5.

Example 2

(S)-2-( tert-Butoxy)-2-( 4-(4, 4-dimethylpiperidin-l -yl)-2, 6-dimethyl-5-( 4- (morpholinomethyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetic acid. A solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(tert- butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-5-(4-

(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetate (0.0114 g, 0.021 mmol) and lM NaOH (0.207 ml, 0.207 mmol) in EtOH (1 mL) was refluxed for 6 h. Then, cooled and purified by prep-HPLC to afford (S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6- dimethyl-5-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetic acid (0.0095 g, 0.018 mmol, 88 % yield) as solid. 1H MR (500MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 7.43 (d, J=7.7 Hz, IH), 7.38 (d, J=7.7 Hz, IH), 7.29 (d, J=7.7 Hz, IH), 7.11 (d, J=7.3 Hz, IH), 5.87 (br. s., IH), 3.60 - 3.49 (m, 6H), 3.22 (d, J=12.1 Hz, IH), 2.79 (t, J=11.9 Hz, IH), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.37 (br. s., 4H), 2.17 (d, 7=11.4 Hz, 1H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.82 (t, 7=11.9 Hz, 1H), 1.52 - 1.42 (m, 1H), 1.19 - 1.14 (m, 1H), 1.13 (s, 9H), 0.96 (d, 7=11.7 Hz, 1H), 0.83 (s, 3H), 0.52 (s, 3H). LCMS(M+H) = 524.20.

( 2S)-Ethyl 2-( tert-butoxy)-2-( 4-(4, 4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((4- fluorobenzyl) ( ( tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2, 6-dimethylpyridin-3- yljacetate: To a 5-mL RB flask was charged with (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-formylphenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyrid in-3-yl)acetate (0.02 g, 0.042 mmol), N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-l-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methanamine, HCl (0.020 g, 0.083 mmol), NaC BH4 (5.23 mg, 0.083 mmol) and ZnC12 (2.84 mg, 0.021 mmol) was added MeOH (1 ML) and a drop of Et3N. The resulting clear reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 24 h. LCMS at this point showed completion of reaction. Diluted with EtOAc (25 mL), washed with sat Na2C03 (5 mL), water (5 mL), brine (5 mL), dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated to give (2S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-(((4-fluorobenzyl)((tetrahydrof uran-2- yl)methyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acet ate as paste which was used in the next step without purification. LCMS (M+H) = 674.8.

Example 3

(2S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4- (((4- fluorobenzyl) ( ( tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2, 6-dimethylpyridin-3 yljacetic acid: A solution of (2S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)- 5-(4-(((4-fluorobenzyl)((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)amino)m ethyl)phenyl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetate (0.028 g, 0.042 mmol) and lM NaOH (0.210 ml, 0.210 mmol) in EtOH was refluxed for 8 h. Then, cooled and purified by prep-HPLC to afford (2S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4- (((4- fluorobenzyl)((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)amino)methyl)phen yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin- 3-yl)acetic acid (0.0177 g, 0.027 mmol, 65.3 % yield) as solid and mixture of

diastereomers. 1H MR (500MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 7.48 - 7.34 (m, 4H), 7.29 - 7.25 (m, 1H), 7.13 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.09 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 5.75 (s, 1H), 4.01 (quin, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (dd, J=13.6, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (s, 1H), 3.62 - 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.52 (dd, J=13.9, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.44 -3.37 (m, 1H), 2.81 - 2.73 (m, 1H), 2.53 - 2.40 (m, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.19 - 2.12 (m, 1H), 2.05 (s, 1.5H), 2.04 (s, 1.5H), 1.88 - 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.75 - 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.50 - 1.33 (m, 2H), 1.24 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 1.11 (s, 9H), 0.86 (br. s., 1H), 0.77 (br. s., 3H), 0.42 (br. s., 3H). 2H of piperidine were not resolved. LCMS (M+H) = 646.25.

Synthesis of (S)-2-(5-(4-(N-substituted aminomethyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-(tert-butoxy)acetic acid from (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4- (4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-(te rt-butoxy)acetate:

Step 1 : General procedure: ZnCl ₂ (0.5 eq.) and NaC BH ₃ (2 eq.) were added into a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4- formylphenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetate (1 eq.) and amine (1 eq.) in methanol. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature 16 hours. The desired ester was isolated by the preparative HPLC system.

yl)acetate LCMS

Name HNR ¹ !* ² Structure

(M+H)

(S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4- (4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5- (4-(((2-

616.4 methoxyphenethyl)amino)methy

l)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetate

(S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4- (4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5- (4-(((4-

620.3 fluorobenzyl)(methoxy)amino)m

ethyl)phenyl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3 -yl)acetate

(S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4- (4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5- (4-(((4-

604.3 fluorophenethyl)amino)methyl)p

henyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetate

(S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(5-

(4-(((3,4- dichlorobenzyl)amino)methyl)p

henyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin- i 640.2 l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetate

(S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(5- (4-(((2- cyclohexylethyl)amino)methyl)p

592.5 henyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin- l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetate LCMS

Name HNR ¹ !* ² Structure

(M+H)

(S)-ethyl 2-(5-(4- ((benzylamino)methyl)phenyl)- 4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin- 1 -yl)- 572.3

2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2- (tert-butoxy)acetate

(S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(5- (4-(((4- chlorobenzyl)amino)methyl)phe

nyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin- 1 - C,J ^NH2 606.3 yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetate

(S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4- (4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)- 2,6-dimethyl-5-(4-(((4- 586.4 methylbenzyl)amino)methyl)phe

nyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetate

(S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(5- (4-

(((cyclohexylmethyl)amino)met

578.3 hyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin- 1 -yl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetate

Step 2: General procedure: NaOH (3 eq.) was added to a solution of the ester obtained in the step 1 (1 eq.) in EtOH or MeOH and water (valume ratio 1 : 1). The reaction was heated at 85 °C for 1-2 h. The desired acid was isolated by the preparative HPLC system.

¹ HNMR for example 7:

1H MR (500 MHz, CD ₃ OD) δ 7.78 - 7.26 (m, 8H), 5.70 (s, 1H), 4.45 (m, 4H), 2.84 - 2.78 (m, 10H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 1.37 - 1.25 (m, 13H), 0.84 (s, 6H).

Synthesis of (S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((4- (methoxycarbonyl)benzyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyr idin-3-yl)acetic acid, and, (S)-4-(((4-(5-(tert-butoxy(carboxy)methyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylpi peridin-l-yl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3-yl)benzyl)amino)methyl)benzoic acid:

Step 1 : ZnCl ₂ (1.79 mg) and NaCHBH ₃ (3.29 mg) were added to a solution of (S)-ethyl 2- (tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-fomylph enyl)-2,6-dimethylpyri 3-yl)acetate (12.6 mg) and 4-(aminomethyl)benzonitrile (3.46 mg) in methanol (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h before the product was isolated by the preparative HPLC. LCMS MS (M+H): 597.3.

Step 2: NaOH (3.02 mg) was added to a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(5-(4-(((4- cyanobenzyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin- 1 -yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin- 3-yl)acetate (15 mg) in methanol (2 mL) and water (0.2 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 85 °C for 1 h before the products were isolated by the preparative HPLC.

Syntheses of (S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((4- fluorobenzyl) substituted amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid:

Step 1 : General procedure: iPr ₂ Et (2eq.) and electrophile (1 eq.) were added to a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-(((4- fluorobenzyl)amino)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)a cetate (1 eq.) in THF. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Solvents were removed under vaccum to give a crude product which was used as is or isolated by the preparative HPLC.

dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetate

yl)acetate

Step 2: General procedure: NaOH (3 eq.) was added to a solution of the ester obtained in the step 1 (1 eq.) in EtOH or MeOH and water (valume ratio 1 : 1). The reaction was heated at 85 °C for 1-2 h. The desired acid was isolated by the preparative HPLC system. LCMS

Name Structure

(M+H)

(S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4- (4,4-dimethylpiperidin- l-yl)-5-(4-((N-(4- fluorobenzyl)cyclopenta

658.5 necarboxamido)methyl)p

henyl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3- 20

yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4- (4,4-dimethylpiperidin- l-yl)-5-(4-((N-(4- fluorob enzy l)b enzami do 666.4 )methyl)phenyl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3-

21

yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4- (4,4-dimethylpiperidin- l-yl)-5-(4-((N-(4- fluorob enzy l)propi onami 618.4 do)methyl)phenyl)-2,6- °

dimethylpyridin-3- 22

yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4- (4,4-dimethylpiperidin- l-yl)-5-(4-((N-(4- fluorobenzyl)isobutyram 632.4 ido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3- 23

yl)acetic acid (S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4- (4,4-dimethylpiperidin- l-yl)-5-(4-((N-(4- fluorobenzyl)acetamido) 604.4 methyl)phenyl)-2,6- °

dimethylpyridin-3- 24

yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4- (4,4-dimethylpiperidin- l-yl)-5-(4-((N-(4- fluorob enzy l)pi val ami do 646.4 )methyl)phenyl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3- 25

yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4- (4,4-dimethylpiperidin- l-yl)-5-(4-((N-(4- fluorobenzyl)-2-

696.5 methoxybenzamido)met

hyl)phenyl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3- 26

yl)acetic acid

(S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4- (4,4-dimethylpiperidin- l-yl)-5-(4-((2-fluoro-N- (4-

684.4 fluorob enzy l)b enzami do

)methyl)phenyl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3- 27

yl)acetic acid

2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- 31

nyl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3-

dimethylpyridin-3-

ido)methyl)phenyl)-2,6- 47 dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetic acid

(S)-Ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4, 4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2, 6-dimethyl-5-(4-((3- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)methyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetate A mixture of (S)-ethyl 2- (5-bromo-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin- 3-yl)-2-(tert-butoxy)acetate (0.0313 g, 0.069 mmol), (4-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)methyl)phenyl)boronic acid (0.031 g, 0.103 mmol) and 2M Na2C03 (0.086 ml, 0.172 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was degassed for 10 min. Then, Pd(Ph3P)4 (7.94 mg, 6.87 μιηοΐ) was added, degassed for 5 min and placed in a pre-heated oil bath at 110 °C. After 2 h, cooled and purified by prep- HPLC to afford (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimeth yl- 5-(4-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)methyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl )acetate (0.025 g, 0.040 mmol, 58.0 % yield) as white solid. 1H MR (500 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) δ 7.50-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.45 (m, IH), 7.33 (dd, J=1.5, 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.24-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.22 (dd, J=1.5, 7.8 Hz, IH), 7.16-7.20 (m, IH), 6.07 (s, IH), 5.22 (s, 2H), 4.27 (qd, J=7.1, 10.7 Hz, IH), 4.18 (qd, J=7.1, 10.7 Hz, IH), 3.21 (d, J=11.2 Hz, IH), 2.86 (t, J=12.0 Hz, IH), 2.62 (s, 3H), 2.24-2.31 (m, IH), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.97 (t, J=l 1.5 Hz, IH), 1.50-1.57 (m, IH), 1.32-1.39 (m, IH), 1.27 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.21 (s, 9H), 1.14-1.20 (m, IH), 1.04 (d, J=12.8 Hz, IH), 0.89 (s, 3H), 0.56 (s, 3H). LCMS (M+H) = 627.4. Example 48

(S)-2-( tert-Butoxy)-2-( 4-( 4, 4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2, 6-dimethyl-5-( 4-( ( 3- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)methyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetic acid. A mixture of (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimeth yl-5-(4-((3- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)methyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetate (0.023 g, 0.037 mmol) and Li OH (8.79 mg, 0.367 mmol) in 9: 1 EtOH/H20 (2 mL) was refluxed for 3 h. Then, cooled and purified to afford (S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6- dimethyl-5-(4-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)methyl)phenyl)pyr idin-3-yl)acetic acid (0.0196 g, 0.033 mmol, 89 % yield) as solid. 1H MR (500 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) δ 7.53 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 7.39-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.21 (m, 2H), 5.82 (br. s., 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.25-1.41 (m, 4H), 1.23 (s, 9H), 0.84 (m, 6H). 4H of piperidine were not resolved. LCMS (M+H) = 599.47.

(S)-Ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(5-(4-ftert-butoxymethyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4-di methylpiperidin-l- yl)-2, 6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetate: A mixture of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-(tert-bu toxy)acetate (0.0475 g, 0.104 mmol), (4-(tert-butoxymethyl)phenyl)boronic acid (0.033 g, 0.156 mmol) and 2M Na2C03 (0.130 ml, 0.261 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was degassed for 10 min. Then, Pd(Ph3P)4 (0.012 g, 10.43 μπιοΐ) was added, degassed for 5 min and placed in a preheated oil bath at 110 °C. After 2 h, cooled and purified by prep-HPLC to afford (S)- ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(5-(4-(tert-butoxymethyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4-di methylpiperidin- 1 -yl)- 2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetate (0.021 g, 0.039 mmol, 37.4 % yield) as white solid. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) δ 7.40-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.23 (dd, J=1.6, 7.9 Hz, IH), 7.11-7.15 (dd, J=1.6, 7.9 Hz, IH), 6.08 (s, IH), 4.56 (s, 2H), 4.26 (qd, J=7.1, 10.7 Hz, IH), 4.18 (qd, J=7.1, 10.7 Hz, IH), 3.20 (d, J=12.0 Hz, IH), 2.88 (t, J=12.0 Hz, IH), 2.61 (s, 3H), 2.26 (d, J=11.8 Hz, IH), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.00 (t, J=l 1.6 Hz, IH), 1.55 (dt, J=4.0, 12.5 Hz, IH), 1.32-1.39 (m, IH), 1.34 (s, 9H), 1.26 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.21 (s, 9H), 1.16-1.20 (m, IH), 1.05 (d, J=12.5 Hz, IH), 0.89 (s, 3H), 0.62 (s, 3H). LCMS (M+H) = 539.5.

Example 49

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(5-(4-(tert-butoxymethyl)phenyl)-4- (4,4-dimethy

dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid: A mixture of (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(5-(4-(tert- butoxymethyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dime thylpyridin-3-yl)acetate (0.021 g, 0.039 mmol) and Li OH (9.33 mg, 0.390 mmol) in 9: 1 EtOH/H20 (2 mL) was refluxed for 3 h. Then, cooled and purified by prep-HPLC to afford (S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-

2- (5-(4-(tert-butoxymethyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l- yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-

3- yl)acetic acid (0.0172 g, 0.034 mmol, 86 % yield) as light brown solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) δ 7.42 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (d, J=7.8 Hz, IH), 7.04 (d, J=7.8 Hz, IH),

5.65 (br. s., IH), 4.54 (s, 2H), 2.81 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.32 (s, 9H), 1.22-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.20 (s, 9H), 0.75 (br. s., 6H). 4H of piperidine were not resolved. LCMS (M+H) =

511.4.

(S)-Ethyl 2-( tert-butoxy)-2-(5-( 4-( ( 4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)-4-( 4, 4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridm-3-yl)acetate: A mixture of (S)-ethyl 2-(5- bromo-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-y l)-2-(tert-butoxy)ac (0.0423 g, 0.093 mmol), (4-((4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)boronic acid (0.039 g, 0.139 mmol) and 2M Na2C03 (0.116 ml, 0.232 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was degassed for 10 min. Then, Pd(Ph3P)4 (10.73 mg, 9.29 μιηοΐ) was added, degassed for 5 min and placed in a pre-heated oil bath at 110 °C. After 2 h, cooled and purified by pre- HPLC to afford (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(5-(4-((4-chloro-3- methylphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)- 2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetate (0.033 g, 0.054 mmol, 58.5 % yield) as white solid. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC1 ₃ ) δ 7.47-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.32 (m, IH), 7.24 (d, J=8.8 Hz, IH), 7.18-7.22 (m, IH), 6.91 (d, J=2.5 Hz, IH), 6.76-6.79 (m, IH), 6.07 (s, IH), 5.14 (s, 2H), 4.23-4.31 (m, IH), 4.18 (qd, J=7.1, 10.9 Hz, IH), 3.20 (d, J=12.3 Hz, IH), 2.85 (t, J=12.1 Hz, IH), 2.62 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.27 (d, J=l 1.4 Hz, IH), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.97 (t, J=l 1.4 Hz, IH), 1.50- 1.59 (m, IH), 1.31-1.38 (m, IH), 1.27 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.21 (s, 9H), 1.15-1.20 (m, IH), 1.04 (d, J=12.9 Hz, IH), 0.90 (s, 3H), 0.58 (s, 3H). LCMS (M+H) = 607.4.

Example 50

(S)-2-( tert-Butoxy)-2-( 5-(4-(( 4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)-4-( 4, 4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid. A mixture of (S)-ethyl 2- (tert-butoxy)-2-(5-(4-((4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)methyl)phen yl)-4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetate (0.03 g, 0.049 mmol) and LiOH (0.012 g, 0.494 mmol) in 9: 1 EtOH/H20 (2 mL) was refluxed for 3 h. Then, cooled and purified by prep-HPLC to afford (S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(5-(4-((4-chloro-3- methylphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)- 2,6-dimethylpyridin-3- yl)acetic acid»0.33 H ₄ OAc (0.026 g, 0.043 mmol, 87 % yield) as white solid. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI ₃ ) δ 7.51 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.28-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.15 (m, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (dd, J=3.0, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 5.72 (br. s., 1H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 2.79 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.24-1.37 (m, 4H), 1.23 (s, 9H), 0.74 (br. s., 6H). 4H of piperidine were not resolved. LCMS (M+H) = 579.4.

(S)-Ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-(hy

2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetate: Pd(PPli ₃ )4 (0.051 g) and K ₂ CO ₃ (0.121 g) were added to a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(5-bromo-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridi n-3- yl)-2-(tert-butoxy)acetate (0.200 g) and (4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)boronic acid (0.073 g) in dioxane (6 mL) and water (0.7 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere, sealed and heated at 110 °C for 4 h. After cooling, the solvents were removed under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by the preparative HPLC to give (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-2,6-dime thylpyridin-3-yl)acetate. LCMS (M+H): 483.4.

(S)-Ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4, 4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2, 6-dimethyl-5-(4-

((tosyloxy)methyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetate NaH (3.98 mg) was added to a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-(hydr oxymethyl)phenyl)- 2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetate (0.040 g) in THF (1.5 mL) at 0 °C. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, then 4-methylbenzene-l-sulfonyl chloride (0.024 g) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. After removal of solvents under vacuum, the crude product was used as is in the following reaction. LCMS (M+H): 637.4.

(S)-Ethyl 2-( tert-butoxy)-2-( 4-(4, 4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((4- fluorobenzyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)ace tate: NaH (0.377 mg) was added to a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6- dimethyl-5-(4-((tosyloxy)methyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetate (0.010 g) and (4- fluorophenyl)methanol (3.96 mg) in THF (1 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After removal of solvent under vacuum, the crude product was used as is in the following reactions. LCMS (M+H): 591.4.

Example 51

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-(((4- fluorobenzyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)ace tic acid. NaOH (2.031 mg) was added to a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5- (4-(((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin- 3-yl)acetate (0.010 g) in methanol (0.5 mL) and water (0.5 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 20 h. Then, solvents were removed under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by the preparative HPLC to give (S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5- (4-(((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin- 3-yl)acetic acid. LCMS (M+H): 563.4.

(S)-Ethyl 2-( tert-butoxy)-2-( 4-(4, 4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-( ((4- fluorobenzyl)thio)methyl)phenyl)-2, 6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetate : (4- Fluorophenyl)methanethiol (6.70 mg) and NaH (1.507 mg) were added to a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimeth yl-5-(4- ((tosyloxy)methyl)phenyl)pyridin-3-yl)acetate (0.020 g) in THF (1 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, then the reaction was quenched by IN HC1 (5 mL) and ice. The aqueous solution was extracted with EtOAc(4 x 5 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over MgS0 ₄ . After filtration, the solution was concentrated under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by the preparative HPLC to give (S)- ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-(4-(((4- fluorobenzyl)thio)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)ac etate. LCMS (M+H): 607.4.

Example 52

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-( 4-(((4- fluorobenzyl)thio)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)ac etic acid. NaOH (4.94 mg) was added to a solution of (S)-ethyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5- (4-(((4-fluorobenzyl)thio)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin -3-yl)acetate (0.025 g) in methanol (1 mL) and water (0.5 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Then, solvents were removed under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by the preparative HPLC to give (S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5- (4-(((4-fluorobenzyl)thio)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin -3-yl)acetic acid. LCMS (M+H): 579.3.

(S)-Isopropyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(5-(4-((3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(lH)-yl)me thy

(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2, 6-dimethylpyridm-3-yl)acetate: Pd(PPli ₃ )4 (8.37 mg) and Cs ₂ C0 ₃ (0.047 g) were added to a solution of (S)-isopropyl 2-(5-bromo-4-(4,4- dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-2-(tert-bu toxy)acetate (0.034 g) and 2- (4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl)-l,2, 3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (0.030 g) in dioxane (1. mL) and water (0.3 mL), sealed and heated at 105 °C for 3 h. After cooling, the solvents were removed under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by the preparative HPLC to give (S)-isopropyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(5-(4-((3,4- dihydroisoquinolin-2(lH)-yl)methyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylpi peridin-l-yl)-2,6- dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetate. LCMS (M+H): 612.5.

Example 53

(S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(5-(4-((3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(lH )-yl)methyty^

dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid. NaOH (0.018 g) was added to a solution of (S)-isopropyl 2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(5-(4-((3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(lH)- yl)methyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-dimethy lpyridin-3-yl)acetate (0.028 g) in methanol (1.2 mL) and water (0.3 mL) sealed and heated at 80 °C for 3 h. After cooling, the solvents were removed under vacuum to give a residue which was purified by the preparative HPLC to give (S)-2-(tert-butoxy)-2-(5-(4-((3,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 2(lH)-yl)methyl)phenyl)-4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-2,6-d imethylpyridin-3-yl)acetic acid. LCMS (M+H): 570.4.

Biological Methods

Inhibition of HIV replication: A recombinant NL-RLuc proviral clone was constructed in which a section of the nef gene from L4-3 was replaced with the Renilla Luciferase gene. This virus is fully infectious and can undergo multiple cycles of replication in cell culture. In addition, the luciferous reporter provides a simple and easy method for quantitating the extent of virus growth and consequently, the antiviral activity of test compounds. The plasmid p LRLuc contains the proviral NL-Rluc DNA cloned into pUC 18 at the Pvull site. The NL-RLuc virus was prepared by transfection of 293 T cells with the plasmid pNLRLuc. Transfections were performed using the

LipofectAMINE PLUS kit from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA) according to the manufacturer and the virus generated was titered in MT-2 cells. For susceptibility analyses, the titrated virus was used to infect MT-2 cells in the presence of compound, and after 5 days of incubation, cells were processed and quantitated for virus growth by the amount of expressed luciferase. Assay media was RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 units/ml penicillin G/100 units/ml

streptomycin, 10 mM HEPES buffer pH 7.55 and 2 mM L-glutamine. The results from at least 2 experiments were used to calculate the EC ₅₀ values. Luciferase was quantitated using the Dual Luciferase kit from Promega (Madison, WI). Susceptibility of viruses to compounds was determined by incubation in the presence of serial dilutions of the compound. The 50% effective concentration (EC ₅₀ ) was calculated by using the exponential form of the median effect equation where (Fa) = 1/[1+ (EDso/drug conc.) ^m ] (Johnson VA, Byington RT. Infectivity Assay. In Techniques in HIV Research, ed.

Aldovini A, Walker BD. 71-76. New York: Stockton Press.1990). Results are shown in Table 1. Activity equal to A refers to a compound having an EC ₅₀ < 100 nM, while B and C denote compounds having an EC ₅₀ between 100 nM and luM (B) or >luM (C). Table 1.

Example Activity ECso μΜ

31 A

32 A

33 A

34 A

35 A

36 A

37 A

38 A

39 A

40 A

41 A 0.015

42 A

43 A

44 A

45 A

46 A 0.016

47 ND ND

48 A

49 A

50 A

51 C

52 A

53 A 0.076

ND = Not determined

It will be evident to one skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the foregoing illustrative examples, and that it can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential attributes thereof. It is therefore desired that the examples be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing examples, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.