Description

RACK AND PINION GEAR

Technical field [0001] The present invention relates to the making of crankshaft-free power generating piston-type engines. More particularly this invention is related to a power take off mechanism that performs the functions of transmitting of powers and changing powers as well.

Background art

[0002] In the 21 ^st century the pollution has become a major concern. The engineering science has made lots of efforts to make more environmentally-friendly engines so they would be fuel efficient and low pollutant. On the other hand the depletion of the fuel resources has directed the modern technology to seek other sources of energy. However, still there is a need for something new that may solve the today's concern. We need power making machineries that use less fuel to produce more power, and that are less pollutant.

[0003] At the prior art power making engines loss of energy also occurs. The crankshaft causes energy loss because the connecting rod transmits the power at an angle and it may start at any direction. So there is a need of another power take off device that reduces the friction and the inertia that the crankshaft causes; thus making the engine more energy sufficient. Moreover, there is a need to reduce the thermal energy loss of the gas inside the cylinder of the prior art external combustion engines. The prior art engines can not use unrefined fuel.

Disclosure of the invention

[0004] The present invention is directed to produce inexpensive, efficient, low-pollution internal and/or external combustion engines. In particular, the present invention is directed to a motor vehicle that utilizes an internal combustion engine that can use unrefined burnable products, these being gas or liquid; it is also directed to an external combustion engine which generates power by expansion of a non-burnable gas; it also directed to a power take off mechanism that reduces the power loss. It is further directed

to an engine in much smaller size that can generate the same power as the prior art engines. Most importantly, our present invention is directed to an internal combustion engine that uses hydrogen as the combustible gas.

[0005] The present invention comprises of: the Combustible Products Heater, the Power Take Off Mechanism, and the Exhaust Cleaner. Each of these units may be used independently for particular applications, depending on the mission that one may have, or they may be combined together in order to work as a unit towards one common goal. [0006] The following disclosure of the invention is only illustrative and does not intend to limit the scope of the invention. There may be embodiments other than the ones disclosed hereafter, other modifications, and other ways of describing our invention, without departing from the scope of main characteristics of our invention and its applications. We are providing the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0007] The Combustible Product Heater is used to warm up the combustible products which pass through a tube, made up of material that can resist high pressure and endure high temperatures. The electrical resistance, coated by electric insulation, passes through the tube in such a way that there is a hollow space between the electrical resistance and the tube coating for the combustible product to go through.

[0008] The Power Take Off Mechanism is a mechanism that changes the linear motion into rotational motion and vice versa. It comprises of a housing, in which the drive shaft is journaled by at least one suitable bearing in such a manner as to allow free rotation of the drive shaft and at least one boundary wheel is permanently perpendicularly coupled with the drive shaft so as to rotate in unison with the drive shaft. At least one partially- toothed connecting rod is attached to the housing by at least two seal assemblies so as the connecting rod can move freely in reciprocating linear motion therethrough. At least one roller is permanently attached to the connecting rod by at least one fixed support so as to move in reciprocating linear motion in unison with the connecting rod. The at least one connecting rod is put in gear by right angled teeth with at least one gearing cylinder, which is arranged concentrically with the drive shaft in such a manner that it makes reciprocating angular motion independent of the drive shaft. At least one connecting rod, at least one cylindrical gear, and the drive shaft are preferably arranged in such a manner so the connecting rod is tangent to the cylindrical gear at the meeting point, thus the connecting rod is in a perpendicular plane to the drive shaft. At least one boundary wheel

is permanently, perpendicularly and concentrically attached to the drive shaft so as they rotate in unison. At least one leaf groove and at least one circular groove are cut in the boundary wheel to define the motion of the respective roller, which at any time is inside a minimum of one of the leaf grooves and one of the circular grooves, depending on the job signal. The roller preferably includes two rollers with axis parallel to the drive shaft; each roller touching respective inner edge interior of respective groove and the other one touching respective outer edge interior of respective groove. The connecting system connects the gearing cylinder with the drive shaft and the boundary wheel. In the mechanism of the invention it is preferable that the connector in the connecting system is cylindrical and attached to the boundary wheel via an elastic spring into a cylindrical aperture because the contact area between the gearing cylinder and the connector is bigger, thus enabling a smooth connection. The connector rests in a half-cylindrical cavity which the connector leaves when the connections of the gearing cylinder and the boundary wheel interrupts. The cylindrical connector resting in the aperture allows the boundary wheel and the drive shaft rotate only in one direction that is preset for the present invention.

[0009] When the connecting rod is at the topmost position, the boundary wheel and the gearing cylinder are connected. During the downward stroke the connecting rod transmits the straight-line force tangentially against the gearing cylinder at the meeting points, at all times. The gearing cylinder starts the angular motion together with the boundary wheel and the drive shaft simultaneously and at the same direction. Meanwhile, the roller moves in linear motion in unison with the connecting rod being inside the leaf groove. Thus, the linear motion of the connecting rod turns into angular motion of the gearing cylinder and rotational motion of the drive shaft and the boundary wheel simultaneously. [0010] Depending on the shape of the leaf groove, the connection of gearing cylinder and the boundary wheel interrupts either before or at the time the connecting rod reaches the bottom point. The roller touches the points of the inner edge of the common segment of the leaf groove and circular groove. At this time the connecting rod, the gearing cylinder, and the roller pause, while the drive shaft and the boundary wheel continue to rotate due to inertia, until the roller meets with the endpoint of common segment of the grooves.

[0011] During the time the roller spins inside the common segment, while the boundary wheel along with the grooves rotate, the connecting rod and the roller pause at the bottom end point of the reciprocating linear motion.

[0012] At the power request state, the double gate opens the respective leaf groove. The drive shaft, the boundary wheel keep rotating due to inertia causing the roller to go for the return linear motion, rolling inside leaf groove so as the respective roller touches the inner side of the groove and rolling in clockwise direction, and respective roller touches the outer side of the groove rolling counterclockwise direction; the connecting rod goes for the return stroke and the gearing cylinder goes for the return angular motion simultaneously until they go back to the starting position, which is the topmost end point for the connecting rod and the roller. The reciprocating process repeats. [0013] At the non-power request state the double gate opens the circular groove. The drive shaft, the boundary wheel keep rotating due to inertia causing the respective roller to spin inside the circular groove at the clockwise direction, which is the opposite direction of the rotation of the drive shaft, given that the drive shaft rotates counterclockwise; the connecting rod and the roller pause in relation to the linear motion, and the gearing cylinder pauses in relation to the angular motion.

[0014] The Power Take Off mechanism of our invention does the following: It changes the reciprocating linear motion into reciprocating angular motion and circular motion simultaneously; it changes the reciprocating angular motion into reciprocating linear motion and circular motion simultaneously; it changes the circular motion into reciprocating linear motion and reciprocating angular motion simultaneously. [0015] The Exhaust Cleaner of our invention is used for cleaning the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. The exhaust tube passes through a container which is filled with liquid up to a fixed level. The exhaust tube is sinuous inside the container and does not touch the liquid level. The exhaust blows out of the sinuous tube through the holes, which are aligned around tube surface, and mixes with the liquid. The whirlpool caused by the blowing gas mixes the exhaust and the liquid. This mixing separates the impure components from the exhaust which enters back into the tube and then exits. This way of cleaning the exhaust reduces the air pollution because the impure components of exhaust go to the ground through the liquid, instead of going into the air as gas.

[0016] The present invention is further directed to a motor vehicle. The motor vehicle of our invention comprises: - a Combustible Product Heater;- a Power Take Off mechanism;- an Exhaust Cleaner;- an internal combustion engine,- Main Control Module,-Second Control Module;-Third Control Module. The internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle comprises a single-end cylinder, a piston which is connected to the partially toothed connecting rod of power take off mechanism. The combustible product gets warm at the Combustible Product Heater during the time the piston is at the compressing stroke, until the piston is at the peak. At the time the piston starts the expansion stroke the connection of the gearing cylinder and the boundary wheel is completed by the connector, and the injection valve opens; then the prepared combustible product is injected to the cylinder by the injection valve. The injection valve closes when the gas charge is complete. It is then burned either by the spark plug or may self burn. The pressure power causes the expansion stroke of the piston. The power produced by the expansion is received by the connecting rod, and transmitted to the drive shaft and the boundary wheel. The generator consumes the output energy of the drive shaft to generate heat for the Combustible Product Heater needed for the next cycle. The exhaust valve opens before the expansion stroke is complete; then the air admission valve opens and air enter at a preset velocity controlled by a ventilator or a device that does the like function. The piston enters the pause time when the roller is at the common segment of the circular and leaf groove, while they keep rotating together with the boundary wheel and the drive shaft. During the piston pause time the air pushes the exhaust out of the cylinder through the exhaust valve; then the burned gases pass through the exhaust tube and enter the Exhaust Cleaner. The exhaust blows out of the tube through the holes. It mixes with the liquid. The exhaust valve closes; then the air admission valve closes. At the power request state, the double gate opens the leaf groove. The drive shaft and the boundary wheel keep rotating due to inertia, causing the roller to go for the return linear motion, while respective roller rolling clockwise inside respective leaf groove, which is the opposite direction of drive shaft, and the other roller rolling counterclockwise; the connecting rod pushes the piston for the return compression stroke; the gearing cylinder goes for the return angular motion simultaneously until they go back to the starting position, which is at the topmost end point for the piston and the roller. Meanwhile, with the exhaust valve closed, the cleaned exhaust enters the tube through the holes from the liquid, and then

exits. The reciprocating cycle repeats. It is important to be understood that the drive shaft and the boundary wheel rotate at all times.

[0017] During the piston pause time the air pushes the exhaust out of the cylinder through the exhaust valve; then the exhaust passes through the exhaust tube and enters the exhaust cleaner. The exhaust blows out of the tube through the holes. It mixes with the liquid. The exhaust valve closes; then the air admission valve closes. At the non-power request state the double gate opens the circular groove. The drive shaft, the boundary wheel keep rotating due to inertia causing the respective roller to spin inside circular groove at the opposite direction of the rotation of the drive shaft; the connecting rod together with the piston, and the roller pause in relation to the linear motion, and the gearing cylinder pauses in relation to the angular motion. During the time the roller is spinning inside the circular groove, the valves cease running, being controlled by the Main Control Module. The Main Control Module interrupts the connection between the spark plug and the circuit; disconnects the generator from the Combustible Product Heater; interrupts the combustible product charge.

[0018] At power request demand state the Main Control Module resumes the combustible product charge; connects the generator with the Combustible Product Heater; connects the spark plug with the circuit; resumes the operation of the valves; opens the leaf groove by closing the circular groove, simultaneously. [0019] The Second Control Module is connected with a frequency measurement device, which is attached to the drive shaft and the Main Control Module. The minimal running state of the motor vehicle is when the internal combustion engine is running and the motor vehicle is stalled. During the minimal running state, when the drive shaft rotates at a predetermined minimal frequency, the Second Control Module sends the power request demand signal to the Main Control Module. The Main Control Module respond to the power request state signal as disclosed above. When the drive shaft rotates at a predetermined maximal frequency, the Second Control Module sends the non-power request demand to the Main Control Module. The Main Control Module responds to the non-power request demand state as disclosed above. [0020] When the Main Control Module receives the signal for power request demand needed, from outside such as a rotating power using means, the Main Control Module

interrupts the connection with the Second Control Module to perform the functions needed for the power request demand state described above.

[0021] When the Main Control Module receives the signal for non-power request demand, from outside, thus the minimal running state, the Main Control Module resumes the connection with Second Control Module, so the latter performs the functions needed for the minimal running state of the motor vehicle.

[0022] Upon the request to turn off the engine the Main Control Module disconnects from Second Control Module and performs the functions of the non-power request state. [0023] Upon the request to turn on the engine the Main Control Module connects with the Second Control Module and performs the functions needed for the minimal running state of the engine.

[0024] Based on the aforementioned disclosure the three elements of our invention; Combustible product Heater; Power Take-Off Mechanism; Exhaust Cleaner are connected by the piston, the cylinder, and the Heater is connected to the drive shaft and work together as a work unit.

[0025] The present invention is further directed to an external combustion engine that uses the pressure of hot gas to cause the expansion stroke. Two heating chambers are disposed inside the parent heating chamber which is located above the cylinder. Hot heating gas coming from a suitable heating device placed adjacent the engine, passes through the parent heating chamber, thus heating the working gas inside the heating chambers to be ready for the expansion, via the walls of heating chambers which are used here as heating exchange. The cold working gas enters the cylinder through suitable inlet ports when the piston is at the bottom position, at the pause time, while simultaneously pushing the warm expanded working gas out of the cylinder, which then goes to the heat exchanger to get cold; then it goes to the ventilator and gets ready for the next cycle. With reference to the operation of the Power Take Off mechanism of the foregoing disclosure, the piston goes for the upward stroke and causes the pressurized cold gas enter one of the heating chambers available, while the gas in the other heating chamber is already hot and ready to expand. Upon completion of the upward stroke the hot working gas of the respective heating chamber enters the cylinder through the respective valve causing the expansion stroke of the piston. Upon the completion of the expansion stroke, while the piston is at the pause time, the cold working gas enters the cylinder and the cycle repeats.

It is important to understand that there are two separate gases on separate cycles. The heating gas that passes through the parent heating chamber goes in a separate closed cycle from the cold working gas entering the cylinder, which goes in a closed cycle as well. [0026] The present invention is further directed to an external combustible engine that utilizes chemical endothermic reactions and chemical exothermic reactions. The working gas used for causing expansion/compression stroke not only heats inside the heating chambers from the parent heating chamber, but also has two properties: It starts a chemical endothermic reaction to absorb the remaining heat energy when the piston is at the bottom position on the pause time, thus the chemical endothermic reaction is the cooling system for cooling the working gas in this present invention; and it must start a chemical exothermic reaction during the heating time inside the respective heating chamber.

[0027] The piston is at the bottom position during the pause time, working gas is cold. The valve of the respective heating chamber is open. During the upward stroke of the piston the gas pressurizes inside the respective heating chamber. Upon the completion of the upward stroke, the working gas is pressurized inside the respective heating chamber; the valve closes and the working gas is heating. The chemical exothermic reaction starts at this time. Meanwhile, the valve of the other heating chamber opens and the pressurized hot working gas enters the cylinder and causes the expansion stroke. The chemical endothermic reaction starts upon completion of the expansion stroke, causing the gas inside the cylinder to cool. The reciprocating process repeats.

[0028] Our invention is also related to a device that utilizes the micro swings of molecules and atoms. The said device comprises a Power Take-Off Mechanism, and an accumulator that accumulates the micro swings of molecules and atoms of a gas, liquid, or solid that passes therethrough, or the micro swings of the boundary wheel. The micro swings are transmitted to the boundary wheel and the drive shaft as mechanical power by means of the connecting rod and the gearing cylinder, mediated by the cylindrical connector of the said Mechanism. [0029] The present invention is further directed to a compressor. The compressor of our invention comprises a piston, which is inside a cylinder. Said piston is connected to the connecting rod in which a spinning roller is permanently attached by a fixed support. The connecting rod is attached to a case by at least two seal assemblies so as to move freely in

reciprocating linear motion. A drive shaft is permanently attached to at least one boundary wheel so as to rotate in unison together. The drive shaft is attached to the case by at least one journal bearing so as to freely rotate. A leaf groove and a circular groove are cut in the boundary wheel and the spinning roller is always inside either the leaf groove or the circular groove, or in the common segment of both so as to move in reciprocating linear motion while the grooves rotate together with the boundary wheel. During the first stroke of said piston the admission valve opens and the uncompressed gas enters the cylinder. During the upstroke of the piston the gas compresses and then exits through the exit valve in the conventional way. In our invention we can dispose multiple compressors along the drive shaft. The multiple compressors alternate in order to achieve the objective of the invention.

[0030] The present invention is directed to a motor vehicle windshield wiper mechanism, which comprises of a power take-off mechanism. The connecting rod, fully indentured for this configuration, is attached to the gearing cylinder. The length of the gear connecting rod is equal to the length of the teethed segment of the gearing cylinder. The windshield wiper connecting rod is permanently attached to the gearing cylinder in such a way that the windshield wiper moves in reciprocating angular motion. The windshield wiper mechanism of our invention cleans the windshield in a bigger angle, it is size efficient, and requires less running power. [0031] It is accordingly the principal object of the present invention to provide means of changing reciprocating linear motion into rotational motion, and vice versa, that minimizes the energy loss by minimizing the friction.

[0032] It is another object of our invention to provide an internal combustion engine that uses unrefined combustible products, for example base oil; and utilizes a more efficient power take off means. In said internal combustion engine heating the combustible product in the combustible product heater of the invention and cleaning the exhaust gases at the exhaust cleaner of the invention reduce the pollution, and make the said engine more power/energy efficient. The piston has neither the Top Dead Center Point nor it has the Bottom Dead Center Point due to the power take-off mechanism of our invention. [0033] It is yet another object of our invention to provide an internal combustion engine that uses hydrogen as combustible product.

[0034] It is a further object of our invention to provide a device that utilizes the micro swings of molecules and atoms in order to generate mechanical energy. [0035] It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide an external combustion engine that utilizes chemical endothermic and exothermic reactions. Said external combustion engine is energy efficient.

[0036] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a motor vehicle that has a high power-weight ratio.

[0037] The aforementioned and other objects of the present invention will be more clearly understood by the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawing.

Brief description of drawings

[0038] FIG.l is a schematic illustration of the motor vehicle 20 showing the accessory system. [0039] FIG.2 is a front sectional vertical view of mechanism 26 taken through plane 2-2 ofFIG.3.

[0040] FIG.3 is a sectional view of mechanism 26 taken through plane 1-1 of FIG.2.

[0041] FIG.4 illustrates a preferred embodiment of external combustion engine of present invention. [0042] FIG.5 is a schematic sectional view of internal combustion engine 22.

[0043] FIG.6 schematic sectional view of the compressing device.

[0044] FIG.7 is an illustration of external combustion engine that utilizes chemical endothermic and chemical exothermic reaction.

[0045] FIG.8 is a vertical axial cut of fuel heater 24. [0046] FIG.9 is a vertical axial cut of exhaust cleaner 28.

[0047] FIG.10 is a schematic illustration of the energy converting device that utilizes the energy of micro swings of molecules and atoms.

[0048] FIG.11 illustrates the preferred embodiment of windshield wiper mechanism and the elevation of support carriers of rod.

Best modes of carrying out the invention

[0049] One mode of carrying out the invention is discussed below. FIG.l schematically illustrates the configuration of a motor vehicle 20 in one embodiment of the invention. Motor vehicle 20 includes a power making internal combustible engine 22 of FIG.5, which generates power by a piston which reciprocates inside a cylinder. The combustible product heater 24 of FIG.8, heats the burnable product before it is fed to the cylinder of engine 22. The function of engine 22 is controlled by the main control module 30. The power take off mechanism 26 of FIG.2 and FIG.3, is connected to the piston connecting rod and converts the reciprocating straight-line forces generated by the piston into rotational force which then is transmitted to rotational power using machineries via the drive shaft 99. The exhaust cleaner 28 of FIG.9, which is connected to engine 22, is used for cleaning the exhaust gases thereof.

[0050] The main control module 30 is also connected to a Second control module 32 which controls the engine 22 during the minimal running state of engine 22. Control module 30 is further connected to a third control module 34 which controls the energy flow to the heater 24, to the combustible product feeder 36, and to the air feeder 38, which feeds air into the cylinder at a particular speed depending on the mission of the engine. The generator 40 is connected to third control module 34 and mechanism 26. Third control module 34 is connected to main control module 30, the generator 40, and the combustible product heater 24. The fuel feeder 36 is connected to main control module 30 and the fuel heater 24. The air feeder 38 is connected to main control module 30 and engine 22. The second control module 32 is connected to main control module 30 and the mechanism 26. [0051] With reference to FIG.5, the internal combustion engine 22 of the invention comprises a conventional one-end cylinder 42; the inner face 44 of cylinder 42; a piston 46; piston ring 43 which is lubricated by the lubricant being transferred through conduits 79; the admission valve 48, through which either air or air mixed with fuel, exclusively, enters the cylinder 42; the air admission tube 50 are connected to the air feeder 38. Special ceramic may be used for coating of the interior of the cylinder 42 and the face of the piston 46, preferably. Other fitting material may be used as well. The connecting rod 78, referring to Fig.5, is attached to the piston 46 by ball joints 45 to distribute the compression forces so the rod 78 slides unhampered and does not bend.

[0052] The engine 22 further comprises the exhausting valve 52 through which the exhaust gases exit the cylinder 42; the exhausting valve 52 is connected to exhaust cleaner 28 through the exhaust tube 54; the injection valve 56 which is disposed at cylinder 42 head and connected to the fuel heater 24 through tube 58; spark plug 60. The injection valve 56, the admission valve 48, and the exhaust valve 52 are conventional and need not be disclosed further here. The internal combustion engine of our invention is at minimum two-stroke power engine.

[0053] With reference to FIG.8, the fuel heater 24 comprises a tube 62, built by material that can resist high pressures and endure predetermined temperatures; the fuel duct 64 through which the combustible product passes after it has experienced high pressure powers, much higher than the pressure on the top area of the engine cylinder at the time the piston is at the top position. The thermal insulating coating 66 around the duct 64 resists high pressure and does not allow any heat transmission. [0054] The electrical resistance 68, suitable for the type of engine, burnable products etc, turns the electric current energy into heat. This is preferred for our invention; other suitable methods may be used as one may desire. The electric insulation 70 does not allow contact of the electrical resistance 68 with the tube 62 and with the combustible product used. Electrical resistance 68 which is coated by the electric insulation 70 runs coaxially through the tube 62. The diameter of the fuel duct 64 is bigger than the diameter of the electric insulator 70, thus leaving hollow space between the insulator 70 and the thermal insulating coating 66 of the interior tube 62.The electric resistance 68 is connected to the generator 40 and the third control module 34

[0055] This combustible product heater is used for heating the combustible products before they enter the engine cylinder. This is done when the combustible product passes through the hollow space of the fuel duct 64 and touches the hot surface of the electric insulator 70.

[0056] When an engine uses base oil or unrefined gas, the electrical resistance 68 may be connected with the third control module along with the main control module, which can control the heating of the resistance 68 before the engine turns on. [0057] With reference to FIG.2 and FIG.3, the power take off mechanism 26 of the invention comprises a housing 72 in which there is an opening for placement of a fastening device 74, at the end of which there is a seal assembly 76. The fastening device

74 and the seal assembly 76 are used for attaching a partially-toothed connecting rod 78 to the housing 72 so as it can freely make linear reciprocating movement through the seal assembly 76. The seal assembly 76 may take certain shape that fits the shape of the connecting rod 78, which may have different cross-sectional shapes, but the preferred shape is circular. The connecting rod 78 is connected to the housing 72 also by another seal assembly 80, which may be shaped to fit the cross-sectional shape of the connecting rod 78. The seal assembly 80 and the seal assembly 76 of the fastening device 74 make the connection of the connecting rod 78 with the housing 72 so as the connecting rod 78 is able to make the reciprocating motion and hold the connecting rod 78 in a manner that the latter not bend, break or jam. Teeth 82 of the connecting rod 78 put the latter in gear with a partially-toothed gearing cylinder 84 by the teeth 86 of the gearing cylinder 84. [0058] At least one boundary wheel 94 is permanently, perpendicularly, and coaxially mounted to the drive shaft 99 so as to rotate in unison. The boundary wheels 94 define the limit points of the reciprocating linear motion of connecting rod 78 and roller 88, thus the limit points of the reciprocating angular motion of gearing cylinder 84. The preferred embodiment, as FIG.3 shows, includes two boundary wheels 94 and the connecting rod 78 and gearing cylinder 84 are sandwiched therebetween. A circular groove 96, leaf groove 98, and a cylindrical aperture 75 are cut in each of the boundary wheels 94. The leaf groove 98 and the circular groove 96 intersect at the common segment 97. The circular groove 96 is concentric with the axis of the drive shaft 99. Leaf groove 98 may take various shapes and the edges thereof may take various designs in order to suit the mission.

[0059] At least one roller 88 is permanently mounted in the connecting rod 78 by at least one fixed support stick 90 in such a way that roller 88 paths inside a minimum of one of leaf groove 98 and circular groove 96 at all times while the grooves 98 and 96 rotate, and moving in unison with the connecting rod 78 simultaneously. The fixed support stick 90 is mounted in the connecting rod 78 by at least one screw (not shown). [0060] The roller 88 preferably is made up of two coaxial rollers disposed in such a way that one contacts the respective inner side of respective groove and the other contacts the respective outer side of respective groove at all times and simultaneously, depending on the mission of mechanism 26, and they roll at opposite direction. Each one of the leaf grooves 98, the circular grooves 96, and the two-position gates 71 will include two

respective grooves that are shifted on top of each other and with different depths as FIG.3 shows. Roller 88 may be any device that can perform the function of a roller. In accordance with the mission of mechanism 26, roller 88 may include two non touching rollers 88 disposed parallel to each other and in a line parallel to connecting rod 78 so as one contacts the outer side interior of respective groove at all times and the other contacts the inner side of respective groove at all times and simultaneously. However, roller 88 may also be any sliding means, sliding through inner or outer edge interior of respective groove. The lubrication of roller 88 is achieved through holes in roller 88 shaft 87. The lubricant is transferred by conduits 19 that goes through the inside of connecting rod 78 and is used to lubricate teeth 82 of connecting rod 78, and teeth 86 of gearing cylinder 84 as well. The valve 59 disposed in conduits 79 inside connecting rod 78 is used for letting lubricant only in one direction through conduits 79.

[0061] The drive shaft 99 is journaled with the housing 72 through at least a journal bearing 89, FIG.3, so as to rotate therethrough. [0062] The drive shaft 99 runs through a cylindrical hole 83 of the gearing cylinder 84, so that the drive shaft 99 can rotate independently of the gearing cylinder 84. [0063] The gearing cylinder 84 includes the teeth 86 and the flat cylindrical segment. The teeth 86 of gearing cylinder 84 meet with the teeth 82 of the connecting rod 78 at a right angle, that is, the connecting rod 78 is tangent to the gearing cylinder 84 at the meeting points and in perpendicular planes. The direction of fastening device 74 is perpendicular to the axis of drive shaft 99 at the meeting point of teeth 82 of rod 78 and teeth 86 of gearing cylinder 84.

[0064] The gearing cylinder 84 makes angular reciprocating movements which are independent of the rotations of the drive shaft 99. Thus the gearing cylinder 84 rotates at the same direction as the drive shaft 99, or opposite direction of the drive shaft 99.

[0065] A thrust washer 91 is positioned between the gearing cylinder 84 and each one of the boundary wheels 94.

[0066] With reference to FIG.3, our preferred connecting system is controlled by a spring and comprises a preferred cylindrical connector 85, which stands on the elastic spring 93, with a suitable elastic ratio. The elastic spring 93 controls the timing that it takes for the connecting of the boundary wheel 94 and the gearing cylinder 84 via the movement of cylindrical connector 85. Both the cylindrical connector 85 and the elastic spring 93 are

placed in the boundary wheel 94 through the cylindrical aperture 75. The connecting ways vary. The controlling of the cylindrical connector 85 may be accomplished by other conventional ways, such as magnetic field, air, etc.

[0067] The cylindrical connector 85 may have various cross-sectional shapes, but the preferred shape is circular. We prefer cylindrical form because the contacting surface is greater, thus giving a shorter time for the connection of the boundary wheel 94 with the gearing cylinder 84.

[0068] The half-cylindrical cavity 55 is the position where the connector 85 rests for a predetermined period of time, during which the boundary wheel 94 is connected with the gearing cylinder 84. The connection of boundary wheel 94 with gearing cylinder 84 does not depend solely on the cylindrical connector 85, it depends on the common performance of the elements of our invention. The half-cylindrical cavity 55 as illustrated in FIG.3, is cut in the gearing cylinder 84 and tapers off around the gearing cylinder 84 so the connection is done smoothly. [0069] A two-position gate 71, which either opens leaf groove 98 by closing the circular groove 96, or opens the circular groove 96 and closes the leaf groove 98, depending on the request, in order to determine the motion of roller 88.

[0070] The two-position gate 71 is disposed at one of the ends of the common segment 97, which depends on the direction of the rotation of the boundary wheel 94. It makes an angular reciprocating motion around an axis 73, which is located at the last intersection point of the leaf groove 98 and the circular groove 96 in order for the two-position gate 71 to perform the needed job.

[0071] The boundary wheel 94 is perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft 99 and the axis of the roller 88. The axis of the drive shaft 99 is at all times parallel to the axis of the roller 88.

[0072] The mechanism 26 of our invention does the following: It converts the reciprocating linear motion into reciprocating angular motion and circular motion simultaneously; it converts the reciprocating angular motion into reciprocating linear motion and circular motion simultaneously, the same way as converting the reciprocating linear motion into reciprocating angular motion and circular motion simultaneously; it converts the circular motion into reciprocating linear motion and reciprocating angular motion simultaneously.

[0073] The detailed disclosure of the preferred embodiment of the present mechanism discloses two boundary wheels 94. There may be disposed more than two boundary wheels along the drive shaft 99, or just only one; more than one gearing cylinder 84; more than one roller 88; more than one circular groove 96 and more than one leaf groove 98; more than one connecting rod 78. The configurations will vary for various applications and for various missions. In other applications, at least one leaf groove and/or at least one circular groove may be cut in both sides of a boundary wheel and the combination of the above elements may be set up according to the application. However, there may be other means that can be used as boundary means instead of a boundary wheel. [0074] Another configuration will be if we take away the gearing cylinder 84, connector 85, teeth 82 of connecting rod 78, then the modified mechanism converts the reciprocating linear motion into circular motion and vice-versa.

[0075] Another embodiment of the present mechanism is when a satellite-planetary system, known to prior art, is disposed between the gearing cylinder 84 and the connecting system. This will secure the upward motion of the connecting rod 78 and roller 88 when high value forces are needed.

[0076] The leaf groove 98, the circular groove 96, the roller 88, and the boundary wheel 94 may be indented in order to suit various missions for various applications. The principle of configuration and principle of function of this embodiment are the same as the principles of the aforementioned embodiment.

Operation of mechanism 26. [0077] The roller 88 is permanently fastened on the connecting rod 78 and does reciprocating linear motion together with the rod 78. Simultaneously, while the boundary wheel 94 together with the leaf groove 98 and the circular groove 96 rotate, thus guiding the roller 88 to path inside therein, respectively, so the latter can do the reciprocating linear motion. It is to be understood that the roller 88 moves in linear motion by passing inside the leaf groove 98, which on the other hand makes this possible by rotating, simultaneously.

[0078] With reference to FIG.2, the point 88a on the leaf groove 98 is the starting point of the cyclical process and is the farthest point from the axis of the drive shaft 99. Point 88a and point 88b define the boundary of the linear path of the roller 88. Point 88b of the leaf groove 98, is the closest point from the axis of drive shaft 99, and the first internal common point of the leaf groove 98 and the circular groove 96.

[0079] During the following description we will refer to the aforementioned points in order identify the position of the roller 88 during the rolling/linear motion. [0080] FIG.2 shows the position of the roller at point 88a. When the connecting rod 78 and the roller 88 start the linear motion towards point 88b, the gearing cylinder 84 starts the angular motion, rotating at the same direction as the direction of the rotation of the drive shaft 99 and the boundary wheel 94. We take the counterclockwise direction for our description; it may be set to either direction. At the same moment, the cylindrical connector 85 connects the gearing cylinder 84 with the boundary wheel 94 and the drive shaft 99. This connection makes the drive shaft 99 and the boundary wheel 94 rotate at the same direction as the direction of the rotation of the gearing cylinder 84. At the end of the connection of the gear cylinder 84 with the boundary wheel 94 and drive shaft 99, the roller 88 does not touch the inner edging of the leaf groove 98. This causes that the roller 88 does not revolve at this time. The roller 88 does only the linear motion from point 88a to point 88b. All that is mentioned above continues until the roller 88 meets with the point 88b. Note that the roller 88 and the leaf groove 98 are moving on a linear motion and a circular motion respectively, simultaneously.

[0081] Depending on the shape of the leaf groove 98, the connection of the gearing cylinder 84 and the boundary wheel 94 interrupts either before or at the time the roller 88 meets with point 88b and touches with the inner edging of the common segment 97 of the leaf groove 98 and circular groove 96 simultaneously.

[0082] At the time the roller 88 meets with point 88b, the roller 88 and the connecting rod 78 stop their linear motions. Concurrently, the gearing cylinder 84 stops its angular motion, because the gearing cylinder 84 is connected with the connecting rod 78 through the rod teeth 24 and the gearing cylinder 84 teeth 36. [0083] Note that the teeth 24 of connecting rod 78 are tangent to the teeth 36 of gearing cylinder 84 at the meeting point.

[0084] While the roller 88, the connecting rod 78, and gearing cylinder 84 are at pause, the boundary wheel 94, the drive shaft 99, and the cylindrical connector 85 continue to rotate because of the inertia forces. Meanwhile, simultaneously, cylindrical connector 85 climbs up the circular slope along the flat cylindrical segment of gearing cylinder 84 which starts from the half-cylindrical cavity 55 pushing the elastic spring inside the cylindrical aperture 75 on the boundary wheel 94.

[0085] Note that the boundary wheel 94 and the drive shaft 99 rotate at all time during the operation, that is, they never stop or change direction. They always rotate at the same direction.

[0086] The roller 88, the gearing cylinder 84, and the connecting rod 78 stay at pause since the time the roller 88 meets with point 88b and touches the inner edge interior of the common segment 97 until it meets with point 88c, while the boundary wheel 94 and the drive shaft 99 rotate. Point 88c is the last inner common point of leaf groove 98 and circular groove 96. Thus, point 88b and point 88c are the endpoints of the inner edge interior of the common segment 97. [0087] While the common segment 97 rotates and the roller 88 spins inside therein from point 88b to point 88c, the roller 88 may touch both the inner and outer edgings of the groove. The diameter of the roller 88 may be approximately the same as the width of the common fragment 97, that is the width of the groove at this segment may be a little bigger than the diameter of the roller 88. However, in the applications when roller 88 includes two rollers, then one roller 88 contacts the inner edge interior of the respective groove and the other roller 88 touches the outer edge interior of the respective groove in a continuous way.

[0088] Beyond point 88c, the boundary wheel 94, the leaf groove 98, and the drive shaft 99 continue to rotate at the same direction, while the points of the inner edging of the leaf groove 98 are in contact with the outside surface of the roller88, making the latter rotate around its axis and move in linear motion toward point 88a concurrently. Meanwhile, simultaneously, the cylindrical connector 85 rotates along with the boundary wheel 94 still climbing up the circular slope. [0089] During this time, the roller 88 rotates around its axis, which is parallel to the axis of the drive shaft 99, at the opposite direction of the rotation of the drive shaft 99 and the boundary wheel 94.

[0090] The roller 88 being permanently mounted to the connecting rod 78 by the fixed support 90 causes the rod 78 to start the return linear motion. On the other hand, the rod 78 being connected to the gearing cylinder 84 by the teeth causes the return circular angular motion of the gearing cylinder 84 at the opposite direction of the rotation of the drive shaft 99.

[0091] Beyond point 88c, the drive shaft 99 continues the rotation at the same direction with the boundary wheel 94 together with the leaf groove98 and the circular groove 96. Meantime, the connecting rod 78 together with the roller 88 continue the return linear motion and the gearing cylinder 84 continues the return angular motion at the opposite direction of the rotation of the drive shaft 99 until the roller 88 meets with the point 88a. When roller 88 is at point 88a, cylindrical connector 85 completes climbing up of the circular slope by compressing the spring 93 to a predetermined maximum. The compressed spring 93 pushes the connector 85 back into the half-cylindrical cavity 55 where it rests until the connection time. Beyond point 88a the reciprocating process repeats.

[0092] Note that the controlling cylindrical connector 85, which makes the connection of the gearing cylinder 84 with the boundary wheel 94 and the drive shaft 99 upon starting of downward motion of connecting rod 78 and roller 88, at the time of connection does not allow the rotation of the boundary wheel 94 and of the drive shaft 99 at the opposite direction of the one determined at the time of the built of the mechanism 26 of the invention. That is, the connector 85 defines the unity of the direction of the rotation of the drive shaft 99, which may be either the clockwise or the counterclockwise. It is important to understand that the connecting system is necessary only when first linear motion is activated and is to be changed into angular and rotating simultaneously especially when high value forces are present.

[0093] The drive shaft 99 may be used as a power transmitting means of the power transmitted from the connecting rod 78 while the rod 78 moves at the linear motion together with the roller 88 during the time the roller 88 moves linearly from point 88a to point 88b by the use of the gearing cylinder 84, cylindrical connector 85 and the boundary wheel 94. The rotating power transmitted to the boundary wheel 94 and the drive shaft 99 may be used by rotating power using machineries, these being either for stationary or moving mission, for example, being sent to rotate the wheels of motor vehicles. Part of the rotating energy is sent to the gearing cylinder 84 and the connecting rod 78 by the roller 88 when the roller 88 does the return linear motion guided by the leaf groove 98 from point 88c to point 88a, while the leaf groove 98 rotates.

[0094] Note that the connection of the gearing cylinder 84 with the boundary wheel 94 and the drive shaft 99 is done smoothly.

[0095] Meantime, the rotating power of the boundary wheel 94 is used by the mechanism of the invention to secure the return linear motion from point 88c to point 88a of the roller 88 which causes the return linear motion of the connecting rod 78. [0096] With reference to FIG.3, the gate 71 has two positions: position 71d which closes the circular groove 96 leaving the leaf groove 98 open, and position 71 f which closes the leaf groove 98 leaving the circular groove 96 open. The gate 71 stays at position 71d during the procedure of the above teaching.

[0097] When the gate 71 is placed at position 7 If, the circular groove 96 is open and the leaf groove 98 is closed. Referring to the above teaching when the boundary wheel 94 rotates and the circular groove 96 is open, the roller 88 meets with the interior of the circular groove 96. While the roller 88 paths into the circular groove 96 it only rotates around its axis and not moving linearly. This causes that the connecting rod 78 together with the gearing cylinder 84 stay static for as long as the circular groove 96 allows the roller 88 rolls therethrough by touching the inner edge of the circular groove 96. [0098] Note that the boundary wheel 94 together with the leaf groove 98 and the circular groove 96, and the drive shaft 99 rotate at the given direction, whereas the connecting rod 78 together with the roller 88 are static and the roller 88 rolls at the opposite direction of the shaft 99 by being inside the circular groove 96 which itself rotates at the same direction as the shaft 99. During this time, the roller 88 touches the inner edging of the circular groove 96. Meanwhile, the connector 85 rotates along with the boundary wheel 94 climbing up the circular slope and climbing down into the half-cylindrical cavity 55 the same way as the aforementioned teaching, but this time the connector 85 rotates together the boundary wheel around the drive shaft 99 and does not perform the connecting function. The mechanism runs at this state as long as the gate 71 stays at position 71 f until it receives the signal to switch positions.

[0099] The above overall teaching shows only one configuration of the leaf groove 98, circular groove 96, and the common segment 97. Different configurations are made for the different missions given to the mechanism of the invention; making it possible for use in various applications. [0100] Moreover, mechanism 26 will have another configuration if the circular groove 96 in the boundary wheel 94 and the two-position gate 71 are not present, thus roller 88 paths inside leaf groove 98. Therefore the connecting rod 78 and roller 88 will still have a

pause time when roller 88 paths inside respective fragments of leaf groove 98, but not a full pause time. Mechanism 26 will still perform the above operations. Note that the center of the rotation of the points of the leaf groove 98 and of the points of the circular groove 96 are the same as the center of rotation of the gearing cylinder 84 which is at the axis of the drive shaft 99.

[0101] We will call the ratio of the rotated angle that the boundary wheel 94 makes during the time the connector 85 keeps the gearing cylinder 84 connected with the boundary wheel 94, to the angle of a complete revolution (360 degrees) the coefficient of the invention. The coefficient of the invention can take the maximum value equal to one per every complete revolution. The mechanism of the invention may be built as such that the coefficient can take as small values as the ones close to zero. This will depend on the mission of the application.

[0102] The coefficient of the invention will be used to determine all of the following: the length of the teethed-arc segment of the gearing cylinder 84; the length of the teethed segment of the connecting rod 78; the diameter of the gearing cylinder 84; the radius of the circular groove 96; the shape of the leaf groove; and the minimum radius of the boundary wheel. All of the above elements are predetermined for a given mission of the invention. [0103] One object of the present invention is that it minimizes the power loss, because the direction of the force the connecting rod 78 passes onto the meeting points with gearing cylinder 84 is the same as the direction of the rotation of the gearing cylinder 84. [0104] Yet another configuration of the present mechanism is when the connecting system is taken away. This configuration may be applied in other applications for particular missions, such as for changing rotating motion into reciprocating linear motion and reciprocating angular motion simultaneously. Rotating motion of drive shaft 99 and boundary wheel 94 is activated, when roller 88 and connecting rod 78 are at the top end position. The roller 88 paths inside leaf groove 98 transmitting rotating motion of boundary wheel 94 and drive shaft 99 into linear motion of roller 88 and connecting rod 78, and angular motion of gearing cylinder 84 simultaneously. When roller 88 paths inside common segment 97 of grooves, linear motion of connecting rod 78 and roller 88 pauses, while rotating motion of drive shaft 99 and boundary wheel 94 continues simultaneously.

[0105] The linear motion of connecting rod 78 and roller 88 stop, when roller 88 paths inside circular groove 96; while rotating motion of drive shaft 99 and boundary wheel 94 continue, simultaneously. When roller 88 resumes path inside leaf groove 98, rotating motion of drive shaft 99 and boundary wheel 94 continue, causing starting of return linear motion of connecting rod 78 and roller 88 and return angular motion of gearing cylinder 84. While roller 88 paths inside respective segment of leaf groove 98, linear motion of connecting rod 78 and roller 88, and angular motion of gearing cylinder 84 pause, while rotating motion of drive shaft 99 and boundary wheel 94 continues simultaneously, until roller 88, connecting rod 78, and gearing cylinder 84 reach the initial position. Thus, the rotating motion of drive shaft 99 and boundary wheel 94 change into reciprocating linear motion of connecting rod 78 and roller 88 and reciprocating angular motion of gearing cylinder 84, simultaneously.

[0106] With reference to FIG.9, the exhaust gas cleaner 28 relates to the exhausting system of motor vehicle 20. It comprises of a container 202, which may take various cross sectional shapes. Port 200 through which the exhausts exiting the engine cylinder enter the tube 204. Tube 204 is sinuous inside the container 202 and is permanently attached to the container 202. Holes 206 are aligned around the tube 204, the diameter of which depends on the burnable products used by the engine, the coefficient of the invention mentioned on the above teaching etc. [0107] The present invention further comprises of the liquid 207 which is used for cleaning the exhaust gases. Liquid 207 may be water or dilated water. The inlet valve 214 lets the liquid 207 into the container 202. The level 209 of liquid 207 is predetermined. There is a hollow gap 212 around the tube 204 inside the container 202. The valve 208 is used for draining the liquid 207. The exit port 210 through which the clean exhaust gases exit the tube 204.

[0108] The exhaust enters the tube 204 through port 200. The shape of the tube 204 makes it possible for the exhaust to blow out of the tube 204 through holes 206 into the liquid 207. The waves of the incoming gas cause the whirlpool, which makes the mixing of the exhaust; during which the impure compounds separate and remain in the liquid 207; then the cleaned gas reenters the tube 204 through the holes 206 then it exits through the exit port 210.

[0109] On the other hand, because the exhaust contains water matter, during the mixing the level 209 rises. The liquid 207 above the level 209 enters the tube 204 through the holes 206 and then exits through the exit port 210.

[0110] The present invention can also function if one wishes to use a closed cycle for cleaning of the liquid.

[0111] The exhaust through our invention reduces the air pollution because of the exit of cleaned exhaust. The water exhaust through exit port 210 takes the impure components out to the ground instead of into the air. This new muffler is a better silencer and the exhaust exits without impediment. Operation of the motor vehicle [0112] With reference to FIG.2, the starting point of the reciprocating process of the engine is when the roller 88 meets with point 88a, the farthest point from the axis of the drive shaft 99. The controlling cylindrical connector 85 has completed the connection of the gearing cylinder 84 with the boundary wheel 94. The injection valve 56, guided by the main Control Module 30, injects the warm combustible product prepared at the fuel heater 24 of FIG.8, which is connected to the drive shaft 99 through the Third Control module 34. The injection may be done by two injection valves 56. One injects fuel during power request state from outside and is controlled by Main Control Module, and the other injects fuel during minimal running state of engine 22; that is power request from within, and controlled by Second Control module. The combustible product goes to the heater 24 from the feeder 36 to get heated. The prepared fuel is transported by tube 58 from the heater 24 to the injection valve 56. The spark plug 60 ignites, causing the burning of the combustible product. The compressed combustible product may self burn in other applications. The pressure power pushes the piston 46 to start the first stroke. Piston 46 is connected to the connecting rod 78 by ball joints 45. The power is transmitted from the piston 46 to the connecting rod 78, to the gearing cylinder 84, to the boundary wheel 94 by the connector 85; and then to the drive shaft 99. This causes the simultaneous rotation of the boundary wheel 94 and the drive shaft 99. [0113] With reference to the aforementioned description of mechanism 26 of the invention of FIG.2, when the roller 88 is approaching the point 88b, controlled by the Main Control Module 30, the exhaust valve 52 opens to allow the exhaust to exit the cylinder 42; then the admission valve 48 opens also controlled by the Module 30. During the period of time the roller 88 meets with the common segment 97, which is from point

88b to point 88c, of the leaf and circular grooves 98 and 96 respectively, the gearing cylinder 84 is disconnected from the boundary wheel 94; they move independently of each other. The piston 46, the connecting rod 78, the gear cylinder 84, and roller 88 pause, while the boundary wheel 94 and the drive shaft 99 rotate. This is the pausing time of the piston 46 at the bottom position. As soon as the roller 88 meets with point 88b the air admission valve 48 opens.

[0114] During expansion stroke of piston 46, the lubricant valve 59 at conduits 79 opens. The lubricant enters the conduits 79; then goes to teeth 82 of connecting rod 78, then to roller 88, and then to piston ring 43, thus completes the lubrication. [0115] The air feeder 38 has already prepared the air to enter the cylinder 42 at a particular speed, as needed by the engine, through the admission valve 48. The admission of air into the cylinder 42 makes the exhaust gases exit through the exhaust valve 52. During the piston 46 pause time the air pushes the exhaust out of the cylinder 42 through the exhaust valve 52; then the exhaust passes through the exhaust tube 54 and enters the exhaust tube 204 of exhaust cleaner 28 through the inlet port 200; then blows out of the tube 204 through holes 206; then mixes with liquid 207 by the whirlpool caused of the blow. The exhaust valve 52 closes before the roller meets with point 88c; then the admission valve 48 closes as well. At the time the roller 88 meets with point 88c the air inside the cylinder 42 is ready for the starting of compression stroke. At the power request state, the two-position gate 71 gets the position 71d, controlled by the Main Control Module 30, opening the leaf groove 98. The roller 88 spins inside the leaf groove 98, touching the inner edge thereof. The compression stroke starts when the roller 88 starts the return linear motion from point 88c to point 88a. [0116] During the compression stroke and expanding stroke of piston 46, the cleaned exhaust reenters the sinuous tube 204 through the holes 206; then exits through the exit port 210.

[0117] Meanwhile, the connecting rod 78 together with the piston 46 begins the return stroke along with the roller 88, thus causing the compression stroke of piston 46. During the reciprocating motion of piston 46, the generator consumes the output energy of the drive shaft 99 to generate heat for the heater 24 needed for the next cycle. The pressure power is at maximum when the roller 88 meets with point 88a; the reciprocating process starts all over.

[0118] Note that, during the reciprocating motions of the piston 46, the process regarding the wheel 94, the gearing cylinder 84, and the drive shaft 99 of the aforementioned teaching of the mechanism 26 of the invention happens at the same way and same order as described therein. Also note that the drive shaft 99 is always rotating at the same direction.

[0119] All of the above motions happen when the two-position gate 71 is at position 7 Id. [0120] When the Main Control Module 30 receives the OFF request signal that turns off the present engine, sends change position signal to the two-position gate 71, which takes position 71f opening circular groove 96. The roller 88 rolls inside the circular groove 96, while the connecting rod 78, piston 46, and the gear cylinder 84 pause for as long as the roller 88 spins inside the circular groove 96. This causes the piston 46 to pause while the boundary wheel 94 and the drive shaft 99 rotate. At the same time, the Main Control Module 30 interrupts the function of the fuel feeder 36; signal Third Control Module 34 to interrupt the energy flow to the heater 24; interrupts the air feeder 38; stops the function of admission valve 48, exhaust valve 52, and injection valve 56, spark plug 60. Meanwhile, main control module 30 interrupts the function of second control module 32. [0121] When the Main Control Module 30 receives the ON signal that turns on the present engine, the gate 71 takes position 71 d opening the leaf groove 98. The roller 88 paths inside the leaf groove 98 and the functions of the above elements that the Module 30 controls, resume.

[0122] When the Main Control Module 30 receives the non-power request state signal that the present engine runs at minimal state, it communicates with the Second Control Module 32, which starts functioning at this time. Upon a preset maximal frequency of drive shaft 99 the Second Control Module 32 signals the Main Control Module 30 for the OFF request state; the Module 30 runs upon the OFF request state disclosed above. The boundary wheel 94 and drive shaft 99 continue to rotate due to the inertia forces until a preset minimal frequency of drive shaft 99. Upon the preset minimal frequency of drive shaft 99 the Second Control Module 32 signals the Main Control Module 30 for the ON request state. The engine runs at the minimal state. [0123] When the Main Control Module 30 receives the power request state signal it disconnects communication with the Second Control Module 32. The intermittent process happens as is explained above.

[0124] While the roller 88 spins inside the circular groove 96, the function of the valves, the spark plug, and the preparation of the combustible product cease running. This is controlled by the Main Control Module 30, which may be of any kind that can do the function. This state of the operation of the internal combustion engine of our invention continues for as long as the roller 88 spins inside the circular groove, until the two- position gate 71 takes position 71d.

[0125] It is important to mention that the cylindrical connector 85 may be used as a control module of spark plug 60 and the injection of the combustible product into the cylinder 42. The controlling of the two-position gate 71 may be done in conventional suitable manner as well.

[0126] The shape of the leaf groove 98 depends on the coefficient of the mechanism 26 of present invention used for the present motor vehicle, the engine power, the kind of the combustible product etc. [0127] It is one of the many objects of the present invention that the engine of the invention does not have either of the top dead center point, or the bottom dead center point. When the roller 88 is at the topmost point 88a and starts moving towards point 88b and being inside leaf groove 98, the connecting rod 78 is tangential to gearing cylinder 84 at the meeting point and transmits a tangent force upon gearing cylinder 84 at the meeting point and not at the axis thereof. Therefore piston 46 transmits a tangent force upon gearing cylinder 84, thus a complete transmission of straight— line tangent force into a torque force. On the other hand, when roller 88 starts moving from point 88c towards point 88a, the force transmitted to roller 88 is of the same direction as the direction that roller 88 goes and the friction is so minimized because of rolling of the respective roller 88 on the respective edge of respective groove. [0128] The reason roller 88 rolls in respect to its axis which is parallel to the axis of drive shaft 99 is to minimize friction between roller 88 and respective edge of respective groove.

[0129] During reciprocating angular motion of gearing cylinder 84 in drive shaft 99 the friction forces are minimized because gearing cylinder 84 does not transmit any force to drive shaft 99; the connector 85 transmits the force upon drive shaft 99.

[0130] The motor vehicle of our invention may be set up in such a way that the hight of the cylinder 42 may be smaller than its diameter.

[0131] Regarding the industrial application of motor vehicle of our invention, a plurality of cylinders may be positioned along the drive shaft 99 so as to alternate in order to achieve the output power required by the needed mission thereof. This means that respective pistons pause while respective pistons reciprocate to generate the needed power. On the other hand, the engine of our invention runs at lower frequencies than prior art engines and achieves greater output power.

[0132] The configuration of the aforementioned elements of the present invention may also vary. The piston 46 may also be connected to two connecting rods 78 via a piston connecting rod (not shown). The connecting rods 78 connected to two gearing cylinders 84 and two or more boundary wheels 94 and along the drive shaft 99, as the industrial application requires. Another combination may be when one piston 46 is connected to two connecting rods 78 via a piston connecting rod and to two gearing cylinders 84 on each side of the boundary wheel 94. On the other hand the combinations of leaf grooves 98, circular grooves 96 may vary according to the above configurations. Overall, the configurations that one skilled in the art may envision are acceptable. It is the combinations of the aforementioned elements that make up the present invention that is novel, and the results of such various combinations that are novel as well.

[0133] With reference to FIG.4, the external combustion engine of the invention comprises a single-end cylinder 42, piston 46, heating chamber 116g and heating chamber 116m which are used to heat the working gas at the completion of the upward stroke of piston 46. Chamber 116g and chamber 116m are positioned inside a main heating chamber 130, which is placed above the cylinder 42 head 129.

[0134] The hot heating gas passes through the main heating chamber 130, which is used for heating the working gas inside the chambers 116g and 116m. The partition walls 135 of the chambers 116g and 116m are used as heat exchangers between chamber 130 and chambers 116m and 116g. The main heating chamber 130 wall is coated with a thermal insulation 132.

[0135] The inlet valves 48 let the cold working gas into the cylinder 42. The exit valves 52 let the working gas out of the cylinder 42. Heat exchanger 122 is used for cooling the warm working gas exiting the cylinder 42.

[0136] The warm working gas passes through the tubes 124 to heat exchanger 122, gets cooled in the heat exchanger 122, then the cold gas goes to the gas feeder 38 through the tubes 126.

[0137] The hot gas passes through the tubes 128, coming from heat exchanger 127 that heats the heating gas. Note that the heating gas passing through the tubes 128 is a different gas, having no relation with the working gas passing through tubes 124 and 126.

Note also that the tubes 124 and 126 work on a closed cycle, which is separate from the close cycle of the heating gas on tube 128.

[0138] The heat insulating coating 134 of tube 128 does not allow heat exchange from the inside of tube 128.

[0139] The inlet/outlet valve 136 through which the cool gas of low pressure enters the chamber 116m, and hot gas of high pressure leaves the chamber 116m to enter the cylinder

42. The inlet/outlet valve 138 does the same function for chamber 116g.

[0140] The inlet port 140 through which hot heating gas enters the chamber 130, and exit port 142 through which heating gas exits the chamber 130.

[0141] The gas feeder 38 is used to bring the cooled working gas into the cylinder 42 through inlet valves 48 with a velocity determined by the engine power, coefficient of invention mentioned before.

[0142] The piston 46 is attached to the connecting rod 78 of the mechanism 26 by ball joints 45. The coefficient of invention for this exterior combustion engine is less than 1/5.

[0143] When the piston 46 is at the bottom position the exit valves 52 open, and then inlet valves 48 open. The valve 136 is open and the valve 138 is closed.

[0144] The cold working gas entering the cylinder 42 through the inlet valves 48 pushes the warm working gas out through the exit valves 52; then the working gas goes through the tube 124 into the heat exchanger 122; there the gas cools down and then through the tube 126 goes to the gas feeder 38; then enters the cylinder 42 through inlet valves 48.

This happens during the pause time of the piston 46.

[0145] The exit valves 52 close when the cylinder 42 is filled with cold working gas.

Then the valves 48 close. Piston 46 starts the upward compression stroke. The cold gas in the cylinder is pressurizing in chamber 116z until the piston 46 completes the upward stroke. The valve 136 closes and the valve 138 opens when the piston is at the top position. The valve 136 closes so the working gas heats in the room 116m. The valve 138

opens so the hot working gas of high pressure of room 116g enters the cylinder 42 pushing the piston 46 down for the downward expansion stroke.

[0146] Meanwhile, the hot heating gas enters the main heating chamber 130 through the inlet port 140 and exchanges heat with the heating chambers 116m and 116g; then exits through exit port 142; then goes to heat exchanger 127 to heat; then continues the closed cycle. When the piston reaches the bottom position, the reciprocating process repeats. [0147] The present exterior combustion engine if used at the conventional prior art engines, which utilize stable volume or stable pressure, increases their output power. [0148] Regarding industrial application, one may use a combination of more than two heating chambers 116 depending on the application.

[0149] With reference to FIG.7, the external combustion engine utilizing chemical endothermic and chemical exothermic reactions is shown schematically. This engine of the invention has the same mode of operation and same configuration as the exterior combustion engine of the previous teaching. Now we take away the heat exchanger 122, the valves 48 and 52 are part of the control modules used to regulate the gas function of cylinder 42. While the working gas of cylinder 42 not only heats inside the chambers 116m and 116g from the chamber 130 and brings power onto the piston 46, but also should have the following properties: l.When the piston 42 is at the bottom position, the gas must start a chemical endothermic reaction to absorb the remaining heat energy. 2. When the gas is inside the chambers 116m or 116g it must start a chemical exothermic reaction after the valves 136 and 138 close.

[0150] While at the today's open cycle engines and close cycle engines the environment serves as the cooler, at the present engine the chemical endothermic reaction serves as the cooler. [0151] We think that the modern industry is able to create a gas that can carry out a chemical endothermic reaction at a normal temperature and a chemical exothermic reaction at higher temperatures than the final pressurizing temperature. [0152] We think that the external combustion engine utilizing chemical endothermic and chemical exothermic reactions can function. The prior art engines have a known output power and the working gas has high temperatures after it gives power, thus a thermal energy much higher in relation with the mass of the gas itself, so the chemical endothermic reaction will not be suitable.

[0153] The piston does not stay at pause at the prior art engine. Because at the present invention engine the piston stays at pause for a period of time, the chemical endothermic reaction carries out completely.

[0154] FIG.10 is a schematic representation of a device that utilizes the micro swings of the molecules and atoms. The power take off mechanism 26 of our invention can be used for making a device, which exploits the micro swings of the molecules and atoms of gas, liquid, or solid matter. The present device also comprises an accumulator 300 that accumulates the micro swings of the molecules and atoms. The accumulator 300 is positioned above the mechanism 26 and connected to the connecting rod 78. The accumulator 300 and the boundary wheel 94 are contiguous.

[0155] The accumulator 300 collects the micro swings from either gas, liquid, or solid that passes through it, or collects the micro swings of the boundary wheel 94. [0156] The accumulator 300 can be built in various ways, depending on the kind of gas, liquid, or solid that passes through it. We have observed our invention in great details and have watched the distinctive qualities it possesses.

[0157] The accumulator 300 collects the micro swings one by one with high frequency and stores them up to a predetermined value. The maintaining and exchange law of energy applies at the accumulator 300. [0158] The energy of the micro swings of the molecules and atoms it is stored one by one at a high frequency in the accumulator 300; then, by the connecting rod 78, turns into mechanical energy , thus in mechanical power; it is transmitted to the boundary wheel 94 and the drive shaft 99 by the connecting rod 78 and gearing cylinder 84, mediated by the cylindrical connector 85. [0159] The accumulator 300 has the following qualities: The power- weight ratio is of great value; it is size efficient; the temperature does not rise above a given value; its construction and function depend on the matter from which it collects the micro swings; the construction utilizes the laws of technology and science; it is partly known by science and technology; it is built with suitable material; it does not cause any effect to either our invention or the environment. We think that the power take off mechanism of our invention is the only mechanism that fits for the above mentioned accumulator.

[0160] With reference to FIG.6, the compressor of our invention comprises a cylinder 42, a piston 46, inlet valve 48, which lets the gas into the cylinder 42, exit valve 52, which

lets the pressurized gas out of cylinder 42. The pressurized gas passes through a transferring tube to where it is needed, this being storage or other pressurized gas using devices.

[0161] It further comprises of the housing 72, the connecting rod 78 without the teeth 82, the roller 88 which is attached to the connecting rod 78 through the fixed support 90, the boundary wheel 94 together with the circular groove 96 and leaf groove 98, two-position gate 71, the drive shaft 99 journaled to the housing 21 by the journal bearing 89, fastening device 74, seal assembly 76 and sealing assembly 80 of rod 78. All the above parts and their functions are disclosed at the aforementioned disclosure of the mechanism 26. [0162] When the piston 46 goes for the downward stroke, the inlet valve 48 opens and the uncompressed gas/liquid enters the cylinder 42. During the upstroke of the piston 46 the gas/liquid compresses and the compressed matter exits through the exit valve 52 the same way as in prior art compressors. At this compressor the circular motion turns into reciprocating linear motion. [0163] The process of compression of gas inside the cylinder 42 is the same as the process of the prior art compressors. The difference in the compressor of present invention is that the piston 46 has pause time needed for particular application. [0164] More than one compressor is placed along the drive shaft 99 to suit the function; they alternate in order to accomplish the mission. [0165] With reference to FIG.11, the windshield wiper mechanism comprises an embodiment of mechanism 26. The geared rod 78, which is fully indentured here, is attached to the gearing cylinder 84 of mechanism 26. The connecting rod 63, in which the windshield wiper is attached, is connected to the gearing cylinder 84 via bolts 160 and moves in reciprocating angular motion in unison with gearing cylindrical 84. In the present windshield wiper mechanism the rotating motion turns into reciprocating angular motion. The cylindrical connector 85 is not needed for this function. The boundary wheel is also indentured by teeth 150. A cylindrical shaft 152 with slanted grooves is used for activating rotating motion of boundary wheel 94 via slanted teeth 150, whereas electromotor 154 activates rotating motion of cylindrical shaft 152. The carrier 156 carries geared rod 78 so as geared rod 78 and carrier 156 make reciprocating linear motion in unison. Support carrier 158 is permanently attached to housing 72 by any means that are suitable for attaching the two parts together. Carrier 156 is connected to

support carrier 158 through groove 162 so as to make reciprocating linear motion together with geared rod 78 therethrough. The windshield wiper mechanism of our invention cleans the windshield in a bigger angle than the prior art; it is more size efficient and requires less running power.

[0166] The aforementioned detailed description of the preferred embodiment of our invention has endeavored to enable those skilled in the art to carry out the invention. The writing skills of the inventors do not intend to be a limiting factor to the scope of the present invention. As the result we claim the following: