CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to and benefit of United States Nonprovisional Patent Application No. 18/224,519, filed on July 20, 2023, which is a continuation-in-part of United States Patent Application No. 18/143,535, filed on May 4, 2023, which is a continuation-in-part of United States Patent Application No. 17/940,701, filed on September 8, 2022, which is now U.S. Patent No. 11,576,630. The contents of each are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to radiation shielding. More specifically, the disclosure relates to a radiation shielding apparatus worn by a user. In particular, the disclosure relates to radiation shielding eye masks for covering a patient’s eyes to attenuate electromagnetic radiation flux across a patient's eyes relative to a radiation source, including from dental x-ray imaging. The apparatus of the present disclosure is designed for use in the field of medical radiography including as it relates to dental medicine.

BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of dentistry, x-rays are taken during routine examinations to enable early identification of tooth decay, tooth impaction, periodontal disease, and a host of other conditions which may not yet be visible to the naked eye of a practitioner. Dental x-rays are also frequently taken when patients are experiencing pain, to provide the examining dentist with an accurate picture of what is happening inside a patient’ s teeth, j aw, and surrounding areas. Dental x-rays are, therefore, an essential diagnostic tool for dental professionals tasked with investigating and maintaining their patients’ oral health.

[0003] However, studies have shown that exposure to ionizing radiation, such as x-rays, can damage DNA in human cells. This can lead to mutations and, in worst-case scenarios, cancers. In fact, several studies have found an association between dental x-ray exposure and increased risk of brain cancer, tumors of the parotid gland, breast cancer, and thyroid cancer. The sensitive tissues of the eyes are especially susceptible to radiation damage, and studies have shown a correlation between dental x-rays and cataracts. To avoid undue exposure, standard practice is for dentists and dental professionals to use protective gear when performing dental x-ray imaging.

[0004] Such protective gear historically has consisted simply of a lead apron draped over a patient’s body to shield it from both direct and scattered radiation. Although these traditional aprons work well, they typically weigh upwards of 15 pounds, which can be uncomfortable for those patients unaccustomed to supporting that amount of weight and pressure across their bodies. Lead aprons also fail to protect a patient's head region, and sensitive organs contained therein such as a patient's eyes.

[0005] Recent innovations in the field have produced lighter- weight radiation shields made from pliable materials that are more comfortable for the patients who use them. For example, disposable radiological garments may be made from a flexible polymer filled with a non-lead attenuating filler, such as barium sulfate. Also, flexible, lightweight radiation shields may be provided with two layers; one with elements having high atomic numbers, and another with elements having mid-atomic numbers, to absorb high energy direct beam radiation and lower energy backscattered radiation, respectively. This scattered/backscattered radiation is a serious enough issue that other devices have been made with a similar two-layer shield, directed to avoiding and shielding against scattered radiation in particular.

[0006] For eye protection during dental radiography, goggles or glasses have been the traditional means for radiation attenuation. Goggles or glasses-type shields are known comprising a lead-impregnated lens, surrounded by a lead vinyl casing to prevent radiation from entering the patient’s eyes from the periorbital areas. Other goggles-type shields teach shields that can accommodate more than one type of radiation protection, i.e., P-radiation and/or x-ray radiation and/or gamma radiation. However, these goggles and glasses-type shields often protrude from the patient’s face and hinder the administration of the dental x-rays. That is, they get in the way of the x-ray equipment or interfere with the x-rays so that proper images cannot be rendered.

[0007] Some known devices seek to remedy this problem by teaching eye shades made from pliable rubber, containing a lead plaster coating for radiation attenuation. The eye shades lie directly against a patient’s face. This effectively eliminates the protrusion problem that the goggles and glasses-type shields cause. Yet, because the structure is such that there are two eye shades, with space between the eye shades as well as around the orbital area in general, there is again the risk of scattered radiation entering the patient’s eyes and causing damage. Therefore, there is a need for an eye mask that confers sufficient ocular protection from dental x-rays, and does so in a manner that does not hinder or obstruct the dental x-ray imaging process.

[0008] Of particular note, in panoramic dental x-ray imaging, the x-ray beam is projected to the patient from various angles while the x-ray tube is being rotated around the patient’s head.

Accordingly, the panoramic image of a person’s head and jaw produces a dose of radiation that can be significantly more than regular dental x-rays. Therefore, there is a need for an eye mask that provides a panoramic shield against the radiation in panoramic x-ray dental imaging.

SUMMARY

[0009] An eye mask apparatus for protecting a patient’s eyes during dental radiography is disclosed. The apparatus includes an eye covering portion including a lead vinyl sheet. The eye covering portion has a perimeter, such that the lead vinyl sheet is preferably configured to completely cover the patient’s eyes. The eye covering portion also has a first side facing away from the patient's face, and a second side resting against the patient's face. A trim portion extends around the perimeter. The trim portion preferably extends over the perimeter and inward over at least a small portion of the first side and the second side.

[0010] A retaining band is coupled to the lead vinyl sheet. In one implementation, the retaining band is coupled to both the lead vinyl sheet and the trim portion. The retaining band, may be attached to both the lead vinyl sheet and the trim portion, each one at a first attachment point and at a second attachment point. The first attachment point and the second attachment point may also be on opposing ends of the perimeter of the lead vinyl sheet. Additionally, the first attachment point and the second attachment point may be on the second side of the lead vinyl sheet. Thus, the retaining band is configured to hold the eye covering portion against the patient's eyes.

[0011] The lead vinyl sheet may include or be made from a single unbroken sheet of material. In one implementation, the trim portion may be made of a fabric material. A stitching may also be provided. The stitching may be configured to affix the trim portion to the lead vinyl sheet. The stitching can be configured to affix the trim portion and the retaining band to the lead vinyl sheet at the first attachment point and the second attachment point. [0012] In various alternative implementations, the lead vinyl sheet may be constructed to provide increased or decreased levels of protection against radiation. In one implementation, the lead vinyl sheet may have a thickness of 0.87 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.125 mm, and a weight of 2.18 kg/m ² . In another implementation, the lead vinyl sheet may have a thickness of 1.02 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.175 mm, and a weight of 2.86 kg/m ² . In yet another implementation, the lead vinyl sheet has a thickness of 1.26 mm, a lead equivalent value is 0.250 mm, and a weight of 3.88 kg/m ² . In another implementation, the lead vinyl sheet may have a thickness of 1.57 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.350 mm, and a weight of 5.24 kg/m ² .

[0013] In another implementation, the lead vinyl sheet may have a thickness of 1.73 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.400 mm, and a weight of 5.92 kg/m ² . In another implementation, the lead vinyl sheet may have a thickness of 2.05 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.500 mm, and a weight of 7.28 kg/m ² . In yet another implementation, the lead vinyl sheet may have a thickness of 3.62 mm, a lead equivalent value of 1.000 mm, and a weight of 14.08 kg/m ² .

[0014] In order to form a mask apparatus for protecting a patient’s eyes during dental radiography, a lead vinyl sheet is first provided. The lead vinyl sheet is formed into a shape configured to cover the patient's eyes when worn by the patient. A trim portion is provided and placed around the lead vinyl sheet. Before placement of the trim portion, or alternatively after placement of the trim portion, a retaining band is provided. The retaining band is affixed to the trim portion and, preferably, to the lead vinyl sheet. The retaining band is configured to hold the lead vinyl sheet against the patient's eyes.

[0015] The trim portion may optionally be sewn to the lead vinyl sheet. Additionally, the retaining band may be provided with elasticity. The retaining band may be affixed to a first attachment point and a second attachment point, which may be at opposite ends of a perimeter of the lead vinyl sheet. In one alternative implementation, the retaining band may be sewn to a first attachment point and to a second attachment point to affix it to the lead vinyl sheet.

[0016] A second embodiment eye mask apparatus for protecting a patient’s eyes during dental radiography is also disclosed. The second embodiment eye mask is lower in profile than the first embodiment eye mask, and includes an eye covering portion comprising a lead vinyl sheet having a width, and height, and a perimeter. The lead vinyl sheet is configured to completely cover a patient’s eyes. Preferably the width of the lead vinyl sheet is at least twice the height. The lead vinyl sheet may have a thickness of at least 0.87 mm, a lead equivalent value of at least 0.125 mm, and a weight of at least 2.18 kg/m ²

[0017] In the second embodiment eye mask apparatus, the width may be between seven and eight inches, and the height is between two and three inches. Additionally, the eye covering portion may have a rounded left side and a rounded right side. The rounded left side and the rounded right side preferably each have a curvature radius of less than two inches. The eye covering portion also comprises a substantially straight top edge between the rounded left side and the rounded right side for engaging a user’s brow. The eye covering portion also preferably comprises a nose recess. In one embodiment the nose recess may have a height of one inch or less, and a rounded upper portion having a curvature radius of greater than on half of an inch.

[0018] As with the first embodiment, the second embodiment eye mask may have a lead vinyl sheet has a thickness of 1.02 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.175 mm, and a weight of 2.86 kg/m ² . Alternatively, the lead vinyl sheet has a thickness of 1.26 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.250 mm, and a weight of 3.88 kg/m ² , a thickness of 1.57 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.350 mm, and a weight of 5.24 kg/m ² , a thickness of 1.73 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.400 mm, and a weight of 5.92 kg/m ² , a thickness of 2.05 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.500 mm, and a weight of 7.28 kg/m ² , or a thickness of 3.62 mm, a lead equivalent value of 1.000 mm, and a weight of 14.08 kg/m ² .

[0019] A method of protecting a patient’s eyes during dental radiography using the second embodiment eye mask is also disclosed. The method includes providing a lead vinyl sheet having a thickness of at least 0.87 mm, a lead equivalent value of at least 0.125 mm, and a weight of at least 2.18 kg/m ² , the lead vinyl sheet having a width and a height, and forming the lead vinyl sheet into a shape wherein the width is at least twice the height such that the lead vinyl sheet is configured to cover the patient's eyes when worn by the patient. The lead vinyl sheet is then placed over the patient’s eyes such that it covers the patient’s eyes.

[0020] The method preferably includes the step of forming the lead vinyl sheet such that the width is between seven and eight inches, and the height is between two and three inches. A rounded left side and a rounded right side are preferably formed, such that the rounded left side and the rounded right side each have a curvature radius of less than one inch. A straight top edge is preferably formed between the rounded left side and the rounded right side for engaging a user’s brow. A nose recess is also preferably formed for receiving the bridge of a user’s nose. In one embodiment the nose recess has a height of one inch or less, and a rounded upper portion having a curvature radius of greater than on half of an inch.

[0021] A third embodiment eye mask apparatus for protecting a patient’s eyes during dental radiography is also disclosed. According to an implementation of this embodiment, the third embodiment eye mask can provide a panoramic shield against x-ray radiation for protecting a patient’s eyes while being secured around the patient’s head, in particular, in panoramic dental x- ray imaging. [0022] In the third embodiment eye mask apparatus, the apparatus may comprise an elongated lead vinyl sheet having a first end and a second end, wherein the first and second ends have attachment devices to releasably secure the two ends together. The elongated lead vinyl sheet is adapted to be secured around the patient’s head at eye level. The elongated lead vinyl sheet is adapted to cover a slice of the patient’s head that is confined between two planes, the two planes being parallel to a transverse plane of the patient’s head at eye level. Therefore, the eye mask apparatus protects the slice of the patient’s head and the patient’s eyes from x-ray radiation during the panoramic dental radiography.

[0023] In the third embodiment eye mask apparatus, the elongated lead vinyl sheet can be made of a single unbroken sheet of a lead vinyl material. The attachment devices can comprise a hook and loop closure.

[0024] According to the third embodiment eye mask apparatus, the elongated lead vinyl sheet may comprise a nose recess to receive a bridge of the patient’s nose. The elongated lead vinyl sheet may further comprise two downward curvatures extending downwardly toward the patient’s cheeks, to effectively cover a bottom of the patient’s eyes. The elongated lead vinyl sheet may further comprise two upward curvatures extending upwardly to position the elongated sheet effectively over the patient’s ears.

[0025] In the third embodiment eye mask apparatus, the single unbroken sheet of the lead vinyl material may have (a) a thickness of 1.02 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.175 mm, and a weight of 2.86 kg/m ² , (b) a thickness of 1.26 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.250 mm, and a weight of 3.88 kg/m ² , (c) a thickness of 1.57 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.350 mm, and a weight of 5.24 kg/m ² , (d) a thickness of 1.73 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.400 mm, and a weight of 5.92 kg/m ² , (e) a thickness of 2.05 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.500 mm, and a weight of 7.28 kg/m ² , or (f) a thickness of 3.62 mm, a lead equivalent value of 1.000 mm, and a weight of 14.08 kg/m ² .

[0026] A method of protecting a patient’s eyes and a slice of the patient’s head during panoramic dental radiography is also disclosed. The method comprises providing an elongated lead vinyl sheet having a first end and a second end, wherein the first and second ends have attachment devices to releasably secure the two ends together. The method further comprises securing the lead vinyl sheet around the patient’s head to cover a slice of the patient’s head at eye level, wherein the slice is confined between two planes, the two planes being parallel to a transverse plane of the patient’s head at eye level. Whereby, protecting the slice of the patient’s head and the patient’s eyes from x-ray radiation during the panoramic dental radiography.

[0027] The method further comprises making the elongated lead vinyl sheet from a single unbroken sheet of a lead vinyl material. The method further comprises securing the elongated lead vinyl sheet around the patient’s head by the attachment devices, wherein the attachment devices may comprise a hook and loop closure.

[0028] The method can also include steps of forming a nose recess in the elongated sheet to receive a bridge of the patient’s nose. The method may further comprise a step of forming two downward curvatures in the elongated sheet, wherein the two downward curvatures are extended downwardly toward the patient’s cheeks to effectively cover a bottom of the patient’s eyes. The method may further comprise the step of forming two upward curvatures in the elongated sheet, wherein the two upward curvatures are extended upwardly, whereby positioning the elongated sheet effectively over the patient’s ears.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0029] FIG. 1 illustrates a front elevation view of a radiation shielding eye mask.

[0030] FIG. 2 illustrates a rear elevation view of the radiation shielding eye mask.

[0031] FIG. 3 illustrates a top view of the radiation shielding eye mask.

[0032] FIG. 4 illustrates a bottom perspective view of the radiation shielding eye mask.

[0033] FIG. 5 illustrates a right perspective view of the radiation shielding eye mask.

[0034] FIG. 6 illustrates a perspective view of the eye mask being worn by a patient positioned to undergo x-ray radiation.

[0035] FIG. 7 illustrates a front elevation view of a second embodiment radiation shielding eye mask.

[0036] FIG. 8 illustrates a rear elevation view of the second embodiment radiation shielding eye mask.

[0037] FIG. 9 illustrates a top view of the second embodiment radiation shielding eye mask.

[0038] FIG. 10 illustrates bottom perspective view of the second embodiment radiation shielding eye mask.

[0039] FIG. 11 illustrates a right perspective view of the second embodiment radiation shielding eye mask.

[0040] FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of the second embodiment radiation shielding eye mask being worn by a patient positioned to undergo x-ray radiation.

[0041] FIG. 13 illustrates possible dimensions of the second embodiment radiation shielding eye mask, according to one exemplary embodiment.

[0042] FIG. 14 illustrates a perspective front view of a third embodiment radiation shielding eye mask.

[0043] FIG. 15 illustrates a top view of the third embodiment radiation shielding eye mask. [0044] FIG. 16 illustrates a front view of the third embodiment radiation shielding eye mask.

[0045] FIG. 17 illustrates a back view of the third embodiment radiation shielding eye mask.

[0046] FIG. 18 illustrates a perspective view of the third embodiment radiation shielding eye mask while the eye mask is being closed by an adjustable hook and loop closure.

[0047] FIG. 19 illustrates a perspective view of the third embodiment radiation shielding eye mask while the eye mask is completely closed by an adjustable hook and loop closure.

[0048] FIG. 20 illustrates a perspective front view of the third embodiment radiation shielding eye mask while the eye mask is completely closed.

[0049] FIG. 21 illustrates a perspective side view of the third embodiment radiation shielding eye mask while the eye mask is completely closed.

[0050] FIG. 22 illustrates a perspective view of the third embodiment radiation shielding eye mask being worn by a patient positioned to undergo panoramic x-ray radiation

[0051] FIG. 23 illustrates a perspective view of a slice of the patient’s head at eye level.

DESCRIPTION

[0052] Referring to FIG. 1, an eye mask apparatus 10 for protecting a patient's eyes during dental or other radiography (i.e., "x-rays") has an eye covering portion 12 including a lead vinyl sheet 14. The lead vinyl sheet 14 has a perimeter 16, and the perimeter 16 is configured such that the lead vinyl sheet 14 completely covers a patient's eyes (not shown). The coverage may, for example, be described as similar to, but is in no way limited by the coverage a typical sleep mask provides. Preferably, the coverage includes not only the patient's eyes, but the areas of the patient's face surrounding the patient's eyes. Alternatively, the coverage may be greater, covering a larger portion of the patient's face, including the patient's eyes. [0053] The eye covering portion 12, and thus the lead vinyl sheet 14 preferably includes a first side 18 and a second side 20 (FIG. 2). A trim portion 22 extends around the perimeter 16 of the lead vinyl sheet 14. The trim portion 22 is configured to wrap around the perimeter 16 of the lead vinyl sheet 14 both to protect perimeter 16, and to present a more aesthetically pleasing configuration of the eye covering portion 12. Preferably, the trim portion 22 wraps around the perimeter 16 and extends inward slightly over the first side 18 and the second side 20 to a first trim edge 24 on the first side 18 of the lead vinyl sheet 14, and a second trim edge 26 (FIG. 2) on the second side 20 of the lead vinyl sheet 14.

[0054] Referring to FIG. 2, a retaining band 28 is provided and coupled to the eye covering portion 12. In one implementation, the retaining band 28 is coupled to the eye covering portion 12 at a first attachment point 30 and a second attachment point 32. The retaining band 28 may be coupled to both the lead vinyl sheet 14 and the trim portion 22 of the eye covering portion 12 for a more secure anchorage. The retaining band 28 is preferably of a size and tensile strength, such that it holds the eye covering portion 12 against the patient's eyes when the eye mask apparatus 10 is worn by the patient.

[0055] Preferably, the lead vinyl sheet 14 may be made from a single unbroken sheet of a lead vinyl material. In some implementations, the trim portion 22 may be a fabric material to provide a softer covering around the perimeter 16 and a more aesthetic appearance to the eye mask apparatus 10. Whether the trim portion 22 is fabric or another material, it may be affixed to the lead vinyl sheet with stitching 34. The stitching 34 may extend entirely around the perimeter 16. Optionally, the stitching 34 may be configured to affix the trim portion 22 and the retaining band 28 to the lead vinyl sheet 14 at the first attachment point 30 and the second attachment point 32. [0056] FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 show a top view, a bottom perspective view, and a right side perspective view, respectively, of the eye mask apparatus 10. FIGS. 3 and 5 in particular illustrate how the trim portion 22 extends around the perimeter 16, and is sewn onto the lead vinyl sheet 14. As illustrated, the retaining band 28 is sewn under the trim portion 22 between the lead vinyl sheet 14 and the trim portion 22 to securely anchor it to the eye covering portion 12. In one implementation, the retaining band 28 may extend all the way to the perimeter 16 of the lead vinyl sheet 14.

[0057] FIG. 6 illustrates a user 100 wearing the eye mask apparatus 10 on the user’s head 102 in preparation for a dental x-ray or other radiation treatment.

[0058] The lead vinyl sheet 14 is preferably characterized by a thickness between the first side 18 and the second side 20. For radiation protection, the lead vinyl sheet 14 is also preferably characterized by a lead equivalent value. The thickness and lead equivalent value contribute to the weight value of the lead vinyl sheet 14. In one implementation the lead vinyl sheet 14 has a thickness of 0.87 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.125 mm, and a weight of 2.18 kg/m ² . Alternative implementations of heavier lead vinyl sheets 14 are described as follows:

[0059] One alternative lead vinyl sheet 14 has a thickness of 1.02 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.175 mm, and a weight of 2.86 kg/m ² . Another alternative lead vinyl sheet 14 has a thickness of 1.26 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.250 mm, and a weight of 3.88 kg/m ² . Another alternative lead vinyl sheet 14 has a thickness of 1.57 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.350 mm, and a weight of 5.24 kg/m ² . Another alternative lead vinyl sheet 14 has a thickness of 1.73 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.400 mm, and a weight of 5.92 kg/m ² . Another alternative lead vinyl sheet 14 has a thickness of 2.05 mm, a lead equivalent value of 0.500 mm, and a weight of 7.28 kg/m ² . Another alternative lead vinyl sheet 14 has a thickness of 3.62 mm, a lead equivalent value of 1.000 mm, and a weight of 14.08 kg/m ² .

[0060] Referring to FIG. 7, a second embodiment eye mask apparatus 110 is shown for protecting a patient’s eyes during dental or other radiography. As discussed below, the second embodiment eye mask apparatus 110 has a reduced height, and is therefore presents a smaller area against a user’s face. This results in the second embodiment mask apparatus 110 resting closer to the patient’s eyes (not shown) when worn.

[0061] Similar to the eye mask 10 shown in FIG. 1, the second embodiment mask apparatus 110 has an eye covering portion 112 including a lead vinyl sheet 114 that completely covers a patient’s eyes. The coverage may, for example, be described as similar to, but is in no way limited by the coverage a typical sleep mask provides. In this embodiment, the coverage is specifically designed to cover the patient's eyes, generally from the patient’s brow 204 (FIG. 12) to at or just above the user’s cheeks 206 (FIG. 12), in the area defined by the patient’s eye sockets (not shown).

[0062] The eye covering portion 112, and thus the lead vinyl sheet 114 preferably includes a first side 118 and a second side 120 (FIG. 8). A trim portion 122 extends around the perimeter 116 of the lead vinyl sheet 114. The trim portion 122 is configured to wrap around the perimeter 116 of the lead vinyl sheet 114 both to protect the perimeter 116, and to present a more aesthetically pleasing configuration of the eye covering portion 112. Preferably, the trim portion 122 wraps completely around the perimeter 116 and extends inward slightly over the first side 118 and the second side 120 to a first trim edge 124 on the first side 118 of the lead vinyl sheet 114, and a second trim edge 126 (FIG. 8) on the second side 120 of the lead vinyl sheet 114. [0063] Referring to FIG. 8, a retaining band 128 is provided and coupled to the eye covering portion 112. In one implementation, the retaining band 128 is coupled to the eye covering portion 112 at a first attachment point 130 and a second attachment point 132. The retaining band 128 may be coupled to both the lead vinyl sheet 114 and the trim portion 122 of the eye covering portion 112 for a more secure anchorage. The retaining band 128 is preferably of a size and tensile strength, such that it holds the eye covering portion 112 against the patient's eyes (not shown) when the eye mask apparatus 110 is worn by the patient.

[0064] Preferably, the lead vinyl sheet 114 may be made from a single unbroken sheet of a lead vinyl material. In some implementations, the trim portion 122 may be a fabric material to provide a softer covering around the perimeter 116 and a more aesthetic appearance to the eye mask apparatus 110. Whether the trim portion 122 is fabric or another material, it may be affixed to the lead vinyl sheet with stitching 134, shown also in FIG. 1. The stitching 134 may extend entirely around the perimeter 116. Optionally, the stitching 134 may be configured to affix the trim portion 122 and the retaining band 128 to the lead vinyl sheet 114 at the first attachment point 130 and the second attachment point 132.

[0065] FIGS. 9, 10, and 11 show a top view, a bottom perspective view, and a right side perspective view, respectively, of the second embodiment eye mask apparatus 110. FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate how the trim portion 122 extends around the perimeter 116, and is sewn onto the lead vinyl sheet 114. As illustrated, the retaining band 128 is sewn under the trim portion 122 between the lead vinyl sheet 114 and the trim portion 122 to securely anchor it to the eye covering portion 112. In one implementation, the retaining band 128 may extend all the way to the perimeter 116 of the lead vinyl sheet 114. [0066] FIG. 12 illustrates a user 200 wearing the eye mask apparatus 110 on the user’s head 202 in preparation for a dental x-ray or other radiation treatment. As discussed, the lower profile second embodiment eye mask apparatus 110 more securely covers the patient’s eyes (not shown) by securing against the user’s 200 brow 204 and at or atop the user’s cheeks 206.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 13, one exemplary embodiment, the lead vinyl sheet 114 of the second embodiment eye mask 110 (FIGS. 7-12) has specific dimensions to promote close contact with the user’s eyes and full coverage. The lead vinyl sheet 114 may have an overall width 136 of seven and three quarters (7 3/4) inches, and an overall height 138 of two and three eighths (2 3/8) inches. In other embodiments, the width and height may be configured larger or smaller according to preference.

[0068] In other exemplary embodiments, the lead vinyl sheet 114 may have a rounded left side 140 and a rounded right side 142. Although exemplary rounded patterns are shown, any shape sufficient to conform to the region around a user’s eyes is contemplated. The rounded left side 140 and the rounded right side 142 preferably have a curvature radius of less than two inches. At various points around the left side 140 and the right side 142, the circumference of the curvature radius may be divided into segments, for example, 1/16 inch, 1/8 inch, 7/16 inch, and 13/16 inch, according to preference.

[0069] Still referring to FIG. 13, in the illustrated embodiment, the top 144 of the lead vinyl sheet 114 is flat, although other shapes are contemplated to effectively engage a user’s brow. A nose recess 146 is provided at the bottom 148. The nose recess 146 preferably has a nose recess height 150 of approximately one (1) inch. It may have an opening width 152 of approximately two (2) inches. The rounded upper portion 154 of the nose recess 146 may have a curvature radius of 7/16 inches, while the transition from the nose recess 146 to the bottom 148 of the lead vinyl sheet 114 of the second embodiment eye mask 110 may have a curvature radius 156 of approximately one half (1/2) inch. As with the left side 140 and the right side 142 of the second embodiment eye mask 110, these values are exemplary in nature, and other contemplated embodiments may have different measurements.

[0070] Referring to FIG. 14, a third embodiment eye mask apparatus 210 is shown for protecting a patient’s eyes during dental or other radiography. As discussed below, the third embodiment eye mask apparatus 210 includes an elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 to reduce the patient’s eyes exposure to radiation. The mask 210 can be secured around the patient’s head at eye level, thereby, covering patient’s eyes (not shown) when worn. According to an implementation of this embodiment, the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 may cover a slice (as shown in FIG. 23) of the patient’s head at eye level to provide a 360-degree panoramic protection against x-ray radiation in specific x-ray imaging procedures such as panoramic dental x-ray imaging. The elongated lead vinyl sheet may be further covered by other materials such as fabric to provide a softer covering and a more aesthetic appearance to the eye mask apparatus.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 14, the third embodiment mask apparatus 210 has eye covering portions 212 and 213 that completely cover the patient’s eyes. According to an implementation of this embodiment, the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 forms a band that can be secured around the patient’s head while covering the patient’s eyes (FIGS. 22 and 19). Preferably, the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 may comprise a single unbroken sheet of a lead vinyl material. In this embodiment, the coverage is designed to cover the patient's eyes, preferably, from the patient’s brow to at or just above the user’s cheeks, and a slice (as shown in Fig. 23) of the patient’s head at eye level, thereby, providing a panoramic radiation protection. [0072] Referring to FIG. 15, the figure illustrates a top view of the third embodiment radiation shielding eye mask, indicating a slim design of the mask according to an implementation of this embodiment. The top 244 of the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 is flat, although other shapes are contemplated to effectively engage a user’s brow. The slim design of the mask prevents protrusion of the mask from the patient’s face, thereby, facilitating the administration of the dental x-rays.

[0073] Referring to FIGS. 16 and 17, the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 preferably includes a first side 218 and a second side 220 (FIG. 8). A trim portion 222 extends around the perimeter of the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214. The trim portion 222 is configured to wrap around the perimeter of the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 both to protect the perimeter, and to present a more aesthetically pleasing configuration of the mask. Preferably, the trim portion 222 wraps completely around the perimeter of the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 and extends inward slightly over the first side 218 and the second side 220 to a first trim edge 224 on the first side 218 of the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214, and a second trim edge 226 on the second side 220 of the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214. In some implementations, the trim portion 222 may be a fabric material to provide a softer covering around the perimeter of the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 and a more aesthetic appearance to the eye mask apparatus 210. Whether the trim portion 222 is fabric or another material, it may be affixed to the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 with stitching 234. The stitching 234 may extend entirely around the perimeter of the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214.

[0074] An adjustable attachment mechanism such as a hook 164 and loop 162 closure is provided and coupled to the two ends of the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214. The hook 164 and loop 162 may be affixed to the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 with stitching 165 and 163 respectively. The retaining mechanism is preferably of a size and strength, such that it holds the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 around the patient’s head and against the patient's eyes (not shown) when the eye mask apparatus 210 is worn by the patient. The hook and loop mechanism further enables a user to adjust the size of the mask while being secured around the patient’s head at eye level. The structure of the adjustable attachment mechanism is not limited to a hook and loop closure, and can be selected from various types of mechanical or magnetic attachment mechanisms or devices such as a tie closure, button closure, snap closure, magnetic snap closure, hook fastener, adhesive closure, and a strap closure.

[0075] Referring to FIGS. 16 and 17, one exemplary embodiment, the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 of the third embodiment eye mask 210 may be formed to promote close contact with the patient’s eyes and full coverage while being secured around the patient’s head. The elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 may have an overall width 236, and an overall height 238.

[0076] Still to FIGS. 15, 16, and 17, in the illustrated embodiment, the top 244 of the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 is flat, although other shapes are contemplated to effectively engage a user’s brow. A nose recess 254 is provided at the bottom of the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214, extending upwardly to receive a bridge of the patient’s nose. Preferably, the nose recess 254 is formed at the middle bottom portion of the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214. The bottom of the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 may further have curvatures (256 and 258), extending downwardly toward the patient’s cheeks, to effectively cover the bottom of the patient’s eyes. Preferably, the bottom of the elongated lead vinyl sheet 214 may have additional curvatures (257 and 257), extending upwardly, to allow the mask being effectively placed over the patient’s ears. Although exemplary rounded patterns are shown, any shape sufficient to conform to the region around a patient’s head at eye level is contemplated. [0077] FIGS. 18 and 19 show a perspective view of the third embodiment radiation shielding eye mask. FIG. 18 illustrates a perspective view of the third embodiment radiation shielding eye mask while the eye mask is being closed by the adjustable attachment mechanism, such as the hook 164 and loop 162 closure. FIG. 19 illustrates a perspective view of a third embodiment radiation shielding eye mask while the eye mask is completely closed by the adjustable attachment mechanism.

[0078] FIGS. 20 and 21 show a perspective front view and a perspective side view of the third embodiment radiation shielding eye mask while the eye mask is completely closed by the adjustable attachment mechanism.

[0079] FIG. 22 illustrates a patient 300 wearing the eye mask apparatus 210 on the patient’ s head in preparation for a panoramic dental x-ray 310 or other radiation treatment. As discussed, the third embodiment eye mask apparatus 210 covers a slice of the patient’ s head at eye level when is secured around the patient’s head.

[0080] FIG. 23 illustrates a slice 320 of the patient’s head that is confined between two planes (324a and 324b), wherein the two planes are parallel to a transverse plane (322) of the patient’s head at eye level. According to an implementation of the third embodiment of the eye mask apparatus, the elongated lead vinyl sheet of the eye mask apparatus (not shown) is secured around the patient’s head at or about eye level to cover the slice 320 of the patient’s head that is confined between the two planes (324a and 324b), wherein the two planes are parallel to a transverse plane 322 of the patient’s head at eye level, thereby providing a panoramic shield against x-ray radiation. In an implementation of this embodiment, the plane 324a may be defined above the transverse plane 322 and the plane 324b may be defined below the transverse plane. In another implementation of this embodiment, both the two planes (324a and 324b) may be defined above or below the transverse plane 322. In other implementations of this embodiment, the two planes (324a and 324b) can be parallel to each other, while making an angle relative to the transverse plane 322.

[0081] Exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the disclosure. Variations of those embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the disclosure to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this disclosure includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the abovedescribed elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the disclosure unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.