TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to rammed earth structures, and particularly to reinforced rammed earth walls that may be a formwork for constructing rammed earth/concrete structures as well as a facade after construction.

BACKGROUND ART

[0002] Rammed earth is formed by compacting a moist mixture of soil with certain ratios of

• sand, gravel, clay, and silt and stabilizers like lime, cement, or asphalt between two wooden plates as a formwork. Such formwork consists of two parallel plates that are locked and bracketed together spaced apart from each other at about 20 to 35 centimeters. An exemplary soil mixture is poured between these two plates and compacted up to about 50% of their height. These steps are repeated to an extent that a wall eventually reaches with a desired height. As soon as a wall is finished, its strength is to a level that the formwork can be removed from both sides of the wall. In all traditional methods, a formwork is removed after pounding each layer and is mounted again for constructing next layer.

[0003] Commonly used formworks include plywood formworks, metal formworks, large panels, plastic formworks, etc. Although formworks are made of different materials, molding

• mechanism and steps are similar in most of them. Typically, at first, a foundation, a wall, or a roof is reinforced using steel bars; then, formworks are established in place; and after the end of concreting, form works are collected for use in other projects.

[0004] For example, SIREWALL Company has proposed a formwork for implementing rammed earth constructs in their US patent numbered as US8375669B2. The same formwork used for implementing concrete constructs is currently applied to implement rammed earth constructs. However, SIREWALL’ s invention focused on metal formwork that can be assembled. An exemplary metal formwork is mounted on walls and removed at the end of the work. There are also numerous other inventions related to building formworks for facades, but they are mostly formworks that can be assembled; hence, they are not envisioned as permanent • formworks.

[0005] Establishment and then removing the formworks entail spending a lot of time and money. After several times of use, these formworks are no longer usable; hence, they should be discarded or recycled, which itself necessitates the spending of a lot of energy. On the other hand, after holding a formworks up, final exterior view would be a concrete facade, and there is a need for further facade -working in most cases because a concrete facade looks cold and dry. Meanwhile, concrete walls are known for high thermal exchange and ready transferring of the cold and the heat, which causes a lot of energy losses in buildings. Making of a facade on walls and concrete columns, as well, has its specific problems because installation of a facade on smooth and tough surface of concrete is not easy. There is also problem of facade’s separation from underlying concrete surface in many cases, which jeopardizes safety of residents and passersby. In addition, construction operation of concrete and/or rammed earth

• structures using traditional formworks turns a construction site into a place with a mass of tools and equipment. Then, the site’s management and safety would always be considered a serious challenge. Another challenge of using common formworks is requirement of establishing a facade which is usually made of stone, concrete, brick, etc. that are non-recyclable and very polluting regarding environmental points of view. This causes irreparable damage to the environment.

[0006] Hence, there is a need for a permanent formwork in construction of rammed earth structures and/or concrete buildings that is not required to remove after construction. Also, there is a need for a permanent formwork compatible with environment while having a desirable exterior view as well as being non-expensive. In addition, there is a need for a

• formwork with a low thermal exchange with surrounding to avoid energy loss. Furthermore, formworks with higher safety are essentially needed.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0007] This summary is intended to provide an overview of the subject matter of this patent, and is not intended to identify essential elements or key elements of the subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to determine the scope of the claimed implementations. The proper scope of this patent may be ascertained from the claims set forth below in view of the detailed description below and the drawings.

[0008] In one general aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a permanent rammed earth • formwork-facade for a rammed earth and/or a concrete structure. In an exemplary embodiment, the permanent rammed earth formwork-facade may include two side panels placed parallel with each other spacing apart with a distance equal to a thickness of the rammed earth and/or the concrete structure, a plurality of galleys, and a plurality of Q-shapcd fasteners.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, each respective side panel of the two side panels may include a double-layered rammed earth wall, a mesh network placed inside the double-layered rammed earth wall, a strand of barbed wire perpendicularly woven into the mesh network, a first plurality of rebars fastened to the mesh network, and a plurality of L-shaped anchor bolts. [0010] In an exemplary embodiment, the double-layered rammed earth wall may include two layers of rammed earth compacted to each other. In an exemplary embodiment, the doublelayered rammed earth wall may have an interior surface and an exterior surface each with a

• rectangular shape having a length and a width. In an exemplary embodiment, the mesh network may be placed inside the double-layered rammed earth wall between the two layers of rammed earth parallel with both the interior surface and the exterior surface. In an exemplary embodiment, the rammed earth and/or the concrete structure may be received within a hollow space between the interior surfaces of the two side panels. In an exemplary embodiment, the strand of barbed wire may include a plurality of sharped edges inserted into the two layers of rammed earth. In an exemplary embodiment, the strand of barbed wire may be perpendicularly woven into the mesh network and tighten the mesh network to the two layers of rammed earth. In an exemplary embodiment, the first plurality of rebars may be fastened to the mesh network. In an exemplary embodiment, the first plurality of rebars may extend along at least one of the

• length of the interior surface and the exterior surface, the width of the interior surface and the exterior surface, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, each respective L- shaped anchor bolt of the plurality of L-shaped anchor bolts may include a long end and a short end. In an exemplary embodiment, the long end of each respective L-shaped anchor bolt may be fastened to the mesh network and at least one rebar of the first plurality of rebars along at least one of the length of the interior surface and the exterior surface, the width of the interior surface and the exterior surface, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the short end of each respective L-shaped anchor bolt may have a thread placed along a thickness of the double-layered rammed earth wall perpendicular to the interior surface and the exterior surface. In an exemplary embodiment, the thread may protrude from the interior surface.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, each galley of the plurality of galleys may extend transversally between the two side panels and interlock the two side panels to each other. [0012] In an exemplary embodiment, each Q-shapcd fastener of the plurality of Q-shapcd fasteners may include a base, two hooks, and two lateral walls. In an exemplary embodiment, the base may include a central hole. In an exemplary embodiment, the Q-shapcd fastener may be screwed to a side panel of the two side panels via a thread of a respective L-shaped anchor 0 bolt that may pass through the central hole. In an exemplary embodiment, the Q-shaped fastener may be fastened to the respective side panel using a nut. In an exemplary embodiment, the two hooks may protrude from the interior surface of the respective side panel. In an exemplary embodiment, the two hooks may be secured into the rammed earth and/or the concrete structure. In an exemplary embodiment, each hook may include a groove that may • receive a galley of the plurality of galleys therein; allowing for interconnecting the two opposite side panels to each other. In an exemplary embodiment, the two lateral walls may extend from two respective opposite end edges of the base to the two respective hooks.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, a thickness of each side panel of the two side panels may be in a range of about 3 cm to about 10 cm. In an exemplary embodiment, the exterior surface 0 may include a smooth anti-scratch waterproof surface.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, the mesh network may include a wire grid panel made of at least one of a metal, a metal alloy, a geosynthetic material, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the wire grid panel may include a plurality of square -shaped openings. In an exemplary embodiment, each square-shaped opening of the plurality of square-

^Y • shaped openings may include a side length in a range of about 1 cm to about 3 cm.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the first plurality of rebars may be arranged parallel to each other with a distance between each two adjacent rebars being in a range of about 10 cm to about 30 cm. In an exemplary embodiment, each rebar of the first plurality of rebars may include a rebar with a diameter in a range of about 8 mm to about 20 mm. In an exemplary 0 embodiment, the first plurality of rebars may be welded to the mesh network. In an exemplary embodiment, each side panel may further include a plurality of twisted wires fastening the first plurality of rebars to the mesh network.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment, each rebar of the first plurality of rebars may be welded to at least one of the mesh network, an L-shaped anchor bolt of the plurality of L-shaped anchor

V • bolts, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, at least two elements of a set of elements, including a rebar of the first plurality of rebars, the mesh network, an L-shaped anchor bolt of the plurality of L-shaped anchor bolts, and combinations thereof may be fastened together via a twisted wire of the plurality of twisted wires. In an exemplary embodiment, the strand of barbed wire may interlock at least two elements of a set of elements, including a rebar of the first plurality of rebars, the mesh network, an L-shaped anchor bolt of the plurality of L- shaped anchor bolts, a layer of the two layers of rammed earth of the double-layered rammed 0 earth wall, and combinations thereof together. In an exemplary embodiment, each sharp edge of the plurality of sharped edges of the strand of barbed wire may have a length in a range of about 0.5 cm to about 1 cm.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, a length of each galley of the plurality of galleys extended between two side panels may be adjusted to be equal to the thickness of the rammed

• earth and/or the concrete structure using a pair of a gasket coupled to a bolt fastening each end of two ends of the galley to both sides of a corresponding groove of a respective Q-shapcd fastener of the plurality of Q-shapcd fasteners.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, each side panel of the two side panels may further include an insulator layer with a thickness in a range of about 2 mm to about 10 cm coated on the 0 interior surface of the double-layered rammed earth wall. In an exemplary embodiment, the insulator layer may include a sheet made of at least one of a moisture-proof material, a thermal insulator material, a soundproof material, a shock absorbing material, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the insulator layer may include a layer of at least one of polycarbonate, extruded polystyrene (XPS), closed-cell spray foam, mineral wool,

• polyurethane foam, fiberglass with a vapor barrier, a thermal-insulating foam, a moisture-proof foam, a moisture-proof polymer, polyisocyanurate (Polyiso), phenolic foam, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the insulator layer may be firmly fastened to the interior surface of the corresponding respective side panel by at least one of protruding respective threads of the plurality of L-shaped anchor bolts from the insulator layer, screwing the

⁰ respective protruded threads of the plurality of respective L-shaped anchor bolts via respective plurality of Q-shaped fasteners, and combinations thereof.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, at least two permanent rammed earth formwork-facades are abutted side by side forming a pair of permanent rammed earth formwork-facade walls. In an exemplary embodiment, each permanent rammed earth formwork-facade wall may have ^r • dimensions larger than the length and the width of the double-layered rammed earth wall.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, each lateral wall of the two lateral walls of each Q-shaped fastener may include an opening. In an exemplary embodiment, a connecting rod of a first plurality of connecting rods interconnecting two respective adjacent side panels of the two permanent rammed earth form work-facades may be passed through the opening. In an exemplary embodiment, a connecting rod of a second plurality of connecting rods interconnecting two respective adjacent side panels of the two permanent rammed earth formwork-facades may be passed through a hollow space on the base of each Q-shapcd fastener defined by the two lateral walls extended out of the two opposite edges of the base.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, the permanent rammed earth formwork-facade may further include a plurality of transversal connectors transversally interconnecting the two side panels to each other. In an exemplary embodiment, each transversal connector of the plurality • of transversal connectors may include a first end fastened to a first panel of the two side panels and a second end fastened to a second panel of the two side panels. In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of transversal connectors may include at least one of a plurality of support beams, a second plurality of rebars, a plurality of strip anchors, a plurality of square profiles, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the first end and the second end of each transversal connector may pass through respective holes extended through a thickness of the two side panels at two respective opposite locations of the two side panels. In an exemplary embodiment, each transversal connector may be fastened to each side panel of the two side panels at the corresponding hole using a soldier pile and a wing nut. In an exemplary embodiment, the soldier pile may be placed onto the exterior surface. In an • exemplary embodiment, a normal distance between each two adjacent transversal connectors of the plurality of transversal connectors may be in a range of 20 cm to 100 cm.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The drawing figures depict one or more implementations in accord with the present teachings, by way of example only, not by way of limitation. In the figures, like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements.

[0023] FIG. 1A shows a schematic top view of an exemplary permanent rammed earth formwork-facade, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. • [0024] FIG. IB shows a schematic perspective view of an exemplary permanent rammed earth formwork-facade consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [0025] FIG. 2A shows an exploded schematic view of an exemplary side panel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 2B shows a magnified exploded schematic view of an exemplary side panel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

° [0027] FIG. 2C shows a schematic side view of an exemplary side panel illustrating connections between an exemplary mesh network and an exemplary double-layered rammed earth wall, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 2D shows a schematic side view of an exemplary side panel illustrating an exemplary plurality of L-shaped connections, consistent with one or more exemplary • embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 2E shows a magnified schematic side view of an exemplary side panel illustrating an exemplary L-shaped connection and an attachment to an exemplary side panel thereof, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 2F shows a schematic side view of transferring exemplary electrical wires through 0 an exemplary opening of an exemplary mesh network, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 3A shows a schematic view of an exemplary Q-shapcd bracket fastened to an exemplary L-shaped connection, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

Y • [0032] FIG. 3B shows a schematic view of an exemplary Q-shapcd bracket receiving one or two exemplary galleys, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 3C shows a schematic exploded view of an exemplary Q-shaped bracket receiving one or two exemplary galleys, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the

Y ⁰ present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 4A shows a schematic view of an exemplary permanent formwork-facade with intended dimensions, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 4B shows a schematic interior view of an exemplary formwork-facade wall Y" • formed by side by side attachment of two or more side panels of an exemplary permanent rammed earth formwork-facade, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [0036] FIG. 4C shows a schematic view of passing an exemplary plurality of rebars as an exemplar of an exemplary first plurality of connecting rods through exemplary openings of exemplary lateral walls of an exemplary plurality of Q-shapcd fasteners, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [0037] FIG. 4D shows a schematic view of passing an exemplary plurality of square crosssectioned profiles as another exemplar of an exemplary first plurality of connecting rods through exemplary openings of exemplary lateral walls of an exemplary plurality of Q-shapcd fasteners, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 5 shows an exemplary flow diagram of an exemplary method for constructing an • exemplary permanent rammed earth formwork-facade, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 6 shows an exemplary flow diagram of an exemplary method for constructing an exemplary side panel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [0040] FIG. 7A shows a schematic view of an exemplary attachment of an exemplary side panel to an exemplary metal structure, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 7B shows a magnified schematic view of an exemplary attachment of an exemplary side panel to an exemplary metal structure, consistent with one or more exemplary • embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG. 8A shows a schematic view of an exemplary attachment of an exemplary plurality of rebars to an exemplary side panel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG. 8B shows a magnified schematic view of an exemplary attachment an exemplary plurality of rebars to an exemplary side panel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0044] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of • examples in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. However, it should be apparent that the present teachings may be practiced without such details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and/or circuitry have been described at a relatively high-level, without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present teachings.

[0045] Herein, a reinforced rammed earth formwork for construction of rammed earth and/or concrete walls or structures is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary 0 reinforced rammed earth formwork may be a permanent formwork that may remain in a construction site after construction a rammed earth and/or concrete wall or structure there inside, so that an exemplary reinforced rammed earth formwork may also have a role of facade for an exemplary constructed rammed earth and/or concrete wall or structure. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary reinforced rammed earth formwork may be used as a prefabricated

• facade for a building. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary reinforced rammed earth formwork may be used as a pre-fabricated facade for an old building whose facade have been destroyed.

[0046] FIGs. 1A and IB show a schematic top view 101 and a perspective view 103 of a permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100, respectively, consistent with one or more 0 exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100 may include two side panels 102 and 104 arranged in parallel with each other. In an exemplary embodiment, two side panels 102 and 104 may be placed opposite to each other and firmly engaged to each other. In an exemplary embodiment, a rammed earth and/or a concrete structure may be received within a hollow space 106 between

• two side panels 102 and 104. In an exemplary embodiment, a normal distance 108 between two side panels 102 and 104 may be adjusted equal to an intended thickness of an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure to be formed between two side panels 102 and 104. In an exemplary embodiment, two side panels 102 and 104 may have the same structure. t ⁰ [0047] FIG. 2A shows an exploded schematic view 200a of a side panel 200, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, side panel 200 may be similar to each of side panels 102 and 104 of FIGs. 1A-1B described herein above. In an exemplary embodiment, side panel 200 may include a double-layered rammed earth wall 202, a mesh network 204, a strand of barbed wire 206 woven into mesh ^r • network 204, and a first plurality of rebars 208. In an exemplary embodiment, double-layered rammed earth wall 202 may include two layers 201 and 203 of rammed earth compacted to each other. In an exemplary embodiment, double-layered rammed earth wall 202 may have an interior surface 210 and an exterior surface 212. In an exemplary embodiment, side panel 200, double-layered rammed earth wall 202, mesh network 204, interior surface 210, and exterior surface 212 may have a rectangular shape with a length 214 and a width 216.

[0048] FIG. 2B shows a magnified exploded schematic view 200b of a side panel 200, 0 consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, mesh network 204 may include a wire grid panel embedded inside side panel 200 parallel with interior surface 210 and exterior surface 212. In an exemplary embodiment, mesh network 204 may be made of at least one of a metal, a metal alloy, a geosynthetic material, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, mesh network 204 may include a geogrid.

• In an exemplary embodiment, mesh network 204 may include a plurality of openings 218. In an exemplary embodiment, each opening 218 may have a square-shaped openings with a dimension in a range of 1 cm to 3 cm by 1 cm to 3 cm. In an exemplary embodiment, mesh network 204 may be placed in the middle of double-layered rammed earth wall 202 between two layers 201 and 203 of rammed earth parallel with both interior surface 210 and exterior

⁰ surface 212. In an exemplary embodiment, mesh network 204 may include a first plurality of parallel wires extending along length 214 and a second plurality of parallel wires extending along width 216 woven together. In an exemplary embodiment, mesh network 204 may internally reinforce double-layered rammed earth wall 202.

[0049] FIG. 2C shows a schematic side view 200c of side panel 200 illustrating connections

• between mesh network 204 and double-layered rammed earth wall 202, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 2C in addition to FIGs. 2A and 2B, strand of barbed wire 206 may be perpendicularly woven into mesh network 204; allowing for tightening and firmly connecting mesh network 204 to two layers 201 and 203 of rammed earth on both sides of mesh network 204. In an exemplary embodiment, strand ^{v 0} of barbed wire 206 may provide further internally reinforcement to double -layered rammed earth wall 202. In an exemplary embodiment, strand of barbed wire 206 facing upward and downward may allow for firmly interaction between mesh network 204 and two layers 201 and 203 of rammed earth. In an exemplary embodiment, mesh network 204 may be easily separated from two layers 201 and 203 of rammed earth in the absence of strand of barbed wire 206. In f • an exemplary embodiment, strand of barbed wire 206 may include a plurality of sharped edges inserted into two layers 201 and 203 of rammed earth and tightening mesh network 204 to two layers 201 and 203 of rammed earth. In an exemplary embodiment, each sharp edge of an exemplary plurality of sharped edges of strand of barbed wire 206 may have a length in a range of about 0.5 cm to about 1 cm. In an exemplary embodiment, strand of barbed wire 206 may interlock at least two of an exemplary rebar of first plurality of rebars 208, mesh network 204, an exemplary L-shaped anchor bolt of plurality of L-shaped connections 220, layer 201 and/or 0 203 of double-layered rammed earth wall 202, and combinations thereof together.

[0050] Referring again to FIGs. 2A and 2B, first plurality of rebars 208 may be fastened to mesh network 204 along at least one of length 214 of interior surface 210 and exterior surface 212, width 216 of interior surface 210 and exterior surface 212, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, first plurality of rebars 208 may be arranged parallel with each

• other and placed in plane of mesh network 204. In an exemplary embodiment, each two adjacent rebars of first plurality of rebars 208 may be spaced from each other by a distance in a range of 10 cm to 30 cm. In an exemplary embodiment, a distance between each two adjacent rebars of first plurality of rebars 208 may be about 20 cm. In an exemplary embodiment, each respective rebar of first plurality of rebars 208 may have a diameter in a range of 8 mm to 20

⁰ mm. In an exemplary embodiment, each respective rebar of first plurality of rebars 208 may have a diameter of about 8 mm. In an exemplary embodiment, first plurality of rebars 208 may be secured to mesh network 204 through welding and/or twisted wire. In an exemplary embodiment, first plurality of rebars 208 may provide further internally reinforcement to double-layered rammed earth wall 202 while constructing an exemplary rammed earth and/or

• an exemplary concrete structure being formed between two side panels 102 and 104 of exemplary permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100 and/or after construction of an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure inside exemplary permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100.

[0051] In an exemplary embodiment, side panel 200 may further include a plurality of L- ^{Y 0} shaped connections 220 illustrated in FIG. 2D. FIG. 2D shows a schematic side view 200d of side panel 200 illustrating a plurality of L-shaped connections 220, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, FIG. 2E shows a magnified schematic side view 200e of side panel 200 illustrating L-shaped connection 220 and attachment to side panel 200 thereof, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, each L-shaped connection 220 may include an L-shaped fastener. In an exemplary embodiment, each L-shaped connection 220 may include an L-shaped anchor bolt. In an exemplary embodiment, exemplary L-shaped connection 220 may include a long end 222 and a short end 224. In an exemplary embodiment, long end 222 may be fastened to mesh network 204 and at least one rebar of first plurality of rebars 208 by at least one of welding long end 222 to mesh network 204, welding long end 222 to at least one rebar of first plurality of rebars 208, fastening long end 222 to mesh network 204 using a twisted wire and/or strand of barbed wire 206, fastening long end 222 to at least one rebar of first plurality of rebars 208 using a twisted wire and/or strand of barbed wire 206, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, long end 222 may be arranged along at least one of length 214 of interior surface 210 and exterior surface 212, width 216 of interior surface 210 and exterior surface 212, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment,

• short end 224 may have a thread 226 placed along a thickness 228 of double-layered rammed earth wall 202 and perpendicular to interior surface 210 and/or exterior surface 212. In an exemplary embodiment, thread 226 may protrude from interior surface 210. In an exemplary embodiment, a thickness 228 of double-layered rammed earth wall 202 may be determined depending on climate conditions and structural calculations. In an exemplary embodiment, double-layered rammed earth wall 202 may have exemplary thickness 228 in a range of about 3 cm to about 10 cm.

[0052] Referring to FIGs. 2A-2E, side panel 200 may further include an insulator layer 205 coated on interior surface 210 of double -layered rammed earth wall 202. In an exemplary embodiment, insulator layer 205 may include a sheet made of at least one of a moisture-proof

• material, a thermal insulator material, a soundproof material, a shock absorbing material, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, insulator layer 205 may include a layer of at least one of polycarbonate, extruded polystyrene (XPS), closed-cell spray foam, mineral wool, polyurethane foam, fiberglass with a vapor barrier, a thermal-insulating foam, a moisture-proof foam, a thermal-insulating polymer, a moisture-proof polymer, polyisocyanurate (Polyiso), phenolic foam, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, insulator layer 205 may be used for reducing energy loss due to heat exchange between an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure and surrounding environment. Moreover, insulator layer 205 may allow for prevention of structural damage to side panel 200, or an exemplary rammed earth, or an exemplary concrete structure, or combinations thereof due to water absorbance by soil and/or concrete. In an exemplary embodiment, insulator layer 205 may be a protecting layer for side panel 200 while moving and installing permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100, so that insulator layer 205 may act as a shock absorber and prevent damage to permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100. [0053] In an exemplary embodiment, insulator layer 205 may have a length and width, respectively equal to length 214 and width 216 of side panel 200. In an exemplary embodiment, 0 a thickness of insulator layer 205 may be determined depending on climate conditions and structural calculations. In an exemplary embodiment, a thickness of insulator layer 205 may be adjusted depending on a rate of heat exchange between an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure and surrounding environment. In an exemplary embodiment, a thickness of insulator layer 205 may be adjusted regarding climate situation of a place where

• an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure may be formed or delivered thereto. In an exemplary embodiment, insulator layer 205 may have a thickness in a range of about 2 mm to about 10 cm.

[0054] In an exemplary embodiment, openings 218 of mesh network 204 (illustrated in FIG.

2B) may be used for passing facility ducts there through. In an exemplary embodiment, 0 facilities ducts may pass through openings 218 of mesh network 204 and brought to exterior surface 212. FIG. 2F shows a schematic side view 200f of transferring electrical wires 232 through an opening 234 (similar to openings 218) of mesh network 204, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, electricity may transfer through side panel 200 by inserting electrical wires 232 in a tube 230

• passing through opening 234 so that a power outlet or a light may be put on exterior surface 212.

[0055] In an exemplary embodiment, each exemplary side panel 102 and/or 104 of permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100, illustrated in FIGs. 1A-1B, may be internally reinforced using mesh network 204 in combination with strand of barbed wire 206 woven into mesh 0 network 204 and first plurality of rebars 208 as described in connection with FIGs. 2A-2E illustrating structure of side panel 200 as an example of each of side panels 102 and 104. In an exemplary embodiment, two side panels 102 and 104 may be firmly interconnected to each other and to an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure formed between two side panels 102 and 104 using a plurality of fastening elements. As may be seen V • in FIGs. 1A-1B, an exemplary plurality of fastening elements may include a plurality of flshaped fasteners 110 in combination with a plurality of L-shaped connections 112 (similar to plurality of L-shaped connections 220) and a plurality of galleys 114. In an exemplary embodiment, plurality of plurality of Q-shapcd fasteners 110 may include a plurality of brackets. In an exemplary embodiment, plurality of Q-shapcd fasteners 110 may include at least one of a plurality of mounting Q-shaped brackets, a plurality of mounting u-shaped brackets, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, each galley 114 may extend and fixed transversally between two side panels 102 and 104 and interlock two side panels 102 and 104 to each other.

[0056] Referring to FIGs. 1A-1B, an exemplary plurality of fastening elements may further include a plurality of transversal connectors 116a or 116b. In an exemplary embodiment, plurality of transversal connectors 116a or 116b may include at least one of a plurality of

• support beams, a second plurality of rebars, a plurality of strip anchors, a plurality of square profdes, and combinations thereof transversally interconnecting two side panels 102 and 104 to each other. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary plurality of support beams may include a plurality of square profdes. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary plurality of support beams may include a plurality of profdes or beams with a square-shaped cross section. In an exemplary embodiment, plurality of transversal connectors 116a or 116b may pass through side panels 102 and 104 via respective holes (not illustrated) embedded in side panels 102 and 104; thereby, interconnecting side panels 102 and 104 to each other. In an exemplary embodiment, a normal distance 118 between each two adjacent transversal connectors 116a and 116b may be in a range of about 20 cm to about 100 cm. In an exemplary embodiment, a

• normal distance 118 between each two adjacent transversal connectors 116a and 116b may be about 50 cm.

[0057] In an exemplary embodiment, plurality of transversal connectors 116a and 116b may be attached and fastened to side panels 102 and 104 using respective soldier piles 120 and 122 with the assistance of a respective plurality of wing nuts 124. In an exemplary embodiment, plurality of wing nuts 124 may include at least one of a plurality of washer based wing nuts, a plurality of square plate wing nuts, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, plurality of transversal connectors 116a and 116b may be firmly fastened or screwed to side panels 102 and 104 to avoid a movement due to a side pressure of concreting or ramming process while forming an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure* inside permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100. In an exemplary embodiment, protruding parts of plurality of transversal connectors 116a and 116b from an exterior surface of permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100 may be cut or removed and a remaining part may remain inside permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100 and an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure. In an exemplary embodiment, soldier piles 120 and 122 may be removed from permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100 after forming an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure. In an exemplary embodiment, plurality of transversal connectors 116a and 116b may be removed from permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100 and/or an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure constructed inside permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100 after construction of an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure. [0058] Furthermore with more reference to FIG. IB, permanent rammed earth formwork- • facade 100 may further include a plurality of abutment beams 126 placed between soldier pile

120 and side panel 102 and/or soldier pile 122 and side panel 104. In an exemplary embodiment, plurality of abutment beams 126 may allow for curbing a lateral pressure of a process of concreting and/or ramming earth for forming an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure inside permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100. In an exemplary embodiment, plurality of abutment beams 126 may be removed from permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100 after forming an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure.

[0059] Referring to FIGs. 2A-2E, side panel 200 may include Q-shapcd fastener 207 similar to Q-shapcd fastener 110 of FIGs. 1A-1B. In an exemplary embodiment, Q-shapcd fastener • 207 may include a base 207a, two lateral walls 207b, and two hooks 207c as illustrated in FIG.

2E. In an exemplary embodiment, two hooks 207c may be arranged parallel with each of double-layered rammed earth wall 202, mesh network 204, and/or insulator layer 205. In an exemplary embodiment, each of distances 211 and 213, respectively, between two hooks 207c and interior surface 210 or a surface 209 of insulator layer 205 may be adjusted in a range of about 5 cm to about 10 cm so that two hooks 207c may sink into an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure; allowing for securing side panel 200 an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure inside permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100. Therefore, two side panels 102 and 104 may not separate from an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure there between. In an • exemplary embodiment, distances 211 and 213 may provide an amount of concrete or soil to be placed between two side panels 102 and 104; thereby, resulting in preventing separation of formwork-facade 100 from an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure constructed there inside.

[0060] FIG. 3A shows a schematic view 300 of a Q-shapcd bracket 302 fastened to an L- shaped connection 312, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, Q-shapcd bracket 302 may be an exemplar of Q- shaped fastener 110 of FIGs. 1A-1B or Q-shaped fastener 207 of FIGs. 2A-2E. In an exemplary embodiment, L-shaped connection 312 may be similar to L-shaped connection 220 of FIGs. 2D-2E. So a structure of Q-shaped bracket 302 and L-shaped connection 312, and an attachment thereof may be described in connection with FIGs. 1A-1B and FIGs. 2A-2E in the • following. In an exemplary embodiment, Q-shaped bracket 302 may be arranged on interior surface 210 or surface 209 of insulator layer 205 as shown in FIG. 2E. In an exemplary embodiment, Q-shaped bracket 302 may include a base 304, two lateral walls 306, and two hooks 308, respectively similar to base 207a, two lateral walls 207b, and two hooks 207c of FIG. 2E. In an exemplary embodiment, base 304 may include a central hole 310. In an exemplary embodiment, a short end 314 of L-shaped connection 312 may pass through central hole 310 and a thread 315 of L-shaped connection 312 may be screwed to Q-shaped bracket 302 using a nut 317. Therefore, a tight attachment and internally reinforcement among layers of layered structure of side panel 200, including double-layered rammed earth wall 202, mesh network 204, barbed wire 206, and insulator layer 205 may be provided. In an exemplary • embodiment, insulator layer 205 may be firmly fastened to interior surface 210 of side panel 200 by at least one of protruding respective threads 315 of plurality of L-shaped connections 220 from insulator layer 205, screwing respective protruded threads 315 of plurality of L- shaped connections 220 via respective plurality of Q-shaped fasteners 110, and combinations thereof. [0061] FIG. 3B shows a schematic view 330 of Q-shaped bracket 302 receiving one or two galleys 322, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, each hook 308 may protrude from interior surface 210 of side panel 200 or surface 209 of insulator layer 205. In an exemplary embodiment, each hook 308 may include a groove 318 that may receive exemplary galley 322. In an exemplary embodiment, • galley 322 may be an exemplary galley of plurality of galleys 114 transversally interconnecting two side panels 102 and 104. In an exemplary embodiment, a first end 324 of galley 322 may be inserted into groove 318 of Q-shaped bracket 302 and a second end 325 of galley 322 may be inserted into a corresponding groove of a corresponding Q-shapcd fastener of plurality of Q-shaped fasteners 110 screwed to an exemplary opposite side panel of two side panels 102 and 104. In an exemplary embodiment, first end 324 of galley 322 may be firmly fastened to hook 308 using a pair of a bolt and a gasket at both sides 319 and 321 of hook 308; allowing for prevention of any movements of galley 322. In an exemplary embodiment, first end 324 of galley 322 may be firmly fastened to side 319 of hook 308 using a bolt 326 and a gasket 327 and an exemplary bolt 331 and gasket 332 (illustrated in FIG. 3C) similar to bolt 326 and gasket 327 may be used to fasten first end 324 of galley 322 to side 321 of hook 308. In an exemplary embodiment, second end 325 of galley 322 may be fastened to an exemplary

• corresponding hook of an exemplary Q-shapcd fastener of plurality of Q-shapcd fasteners 110 screwed to an exemplary opposite side panel of two side panels 102 and 104 using bolt 328 in combination with a gasket (not illustrated) similar to gasket 327. FIG. 3C shows a schematic exploded view 340 of Q-shaped bracket 302 receiving one or two galleys 322, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, a functional length of galley 322, that may include a length portion of galley 322 extended between two corresponding hooks (similar to hook 308) of two respective Q-shaped brackets (similar to hook 302) fastened respectively onto side panels 102 and 104 opposite to each other, may be determined equal to a thickness of an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure (or normal distance 108 between two side panels 102 and 104 length). In an • exemplary embodiment, after determining an exemplary functional length of galley 322, galley

322 may be fastened to each hook 308 of exemplary corresponding hooks using exemplary pair of bolts 326 and 331 and gaskets 327 and 332 so that a length portion of galley 322 between two exemplary bolts 326 and 328 may be adjusted equal to an exemplary functional length.

[0062] In an exemplary embodiment, a length of galley 322 may be adjustable by loosening and/or tightening pair of bolt 328 and gasket 327 to reach a length of galley 322 between two side panels 102 and 104 being equal to an intended thickness of an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure. In an exemplary embodiment, a length of galley 322 may be adjusted to be equal to an exemplary intended thickness of an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure that may be constructed inside permanent rammed earth • formwork-facade 100. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary adjustable length of galley 322 may be an important feature for construction operations, since it may be necessary to increase or decrease a normal distance 108 between two side panels 102 and 104 at the time of execution.

[0063] In an exemplary embodiment, exterior surface 212 may be a facade for an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure that may be constructed inside permanent 0 rammed earth formwork-facade 100. In an exemplary embodiment, exterior surface 212 may include at least one of a smooth surface, an anti-scratch surface, a waterproof surface, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, exterior surface 212 may be treated to become smooth, anti-scratch, and/or waterproof. In an exemplary embodiment, exterior surface 212 may be a cost-effective and environmental friendly facade with a natural color spectrum • since exterior surface 212 may be made of soil (e.g., local soil of a construction site). In an exemplary embodiment, exterior surface 212 may be used for interior decoration.

[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, length 214 and width 216 of side panel 200 (illustrated in FIG. 2A) may have pre -determined magnitudes. Therefore, a permanent formwork-facade with an intended length and width larger than length 214 and width 216 of side panel 200 may 0 be formed by assembling/attaching a set of permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100 next to each other. In an exemplary embodiment, each of length 214 and width 216 may be in a range of about 0.5 m to about 3 m; thereby, forming permanent rammed earth formworkfacade 100 with a 0.5-3 mx0.5-3 m rectangular shape.

[0065] FIG. 4A shows a schematic view 400 of a permanent formwork-facade 402 with t • intended dimensions, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, permanent form work-facade 402 may include two formwork-facade walls 404 and 406. In an exemplary embodiment, permanent formworkfacade 402 may include a plurality of form work-facades consisting of pairs of side panels 408 and 410 (similar to side panels 102 and 104 of FIGs. 1A-1B). In an exemplary embodiment, 0 each formwork-facade wall 404 or 406 may include a respective plurality of side panels 408 or 410 abutted side by side. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary plurality of adjacent side panels 408 and/or 410 of each respective formwork-facade walls 404 and/or 406 may be abutted side by side using a first plurality of connecting rods 412 and a second plurality of connecting rods 414 in combination with a plurality of Q-shapcd fasteners 416. In an exemplary V • embodiment, plurality of Q-shapcd fasteners 416 may be similar to Q-shaped fasteners 110 of FIGs. 1A-1B. In an exemplary embodiment, plurality of Q-shaped fasteners 416 may include a plurality of Q-shaped brackets similar to Q-shaped bracket 302 of FIGs. 3A-3B. [0066] FIG. 4B shows a schematic interior view 420 of formwork-facade wall 404 (or 406) formed by side by side attachment of two or more side panels 408 or 410 of permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIGs. 3A-3B, Q-shapcd bracket 302 may include two lateral walls 306 extending from two respective opposite end edges of base 304 to two respective hooks 308. In an exemplary embodiment, each respective lateral wall 306 may include an opening 320 that may receive at least one of a connecting rod, a rebar, a support beam, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, first plurality of connecting rods 412 may be inserted into opening 320 passing there through. In an exemplary embodiment, first plurality of connecting

• rods 412 may interconnect two adjacent side panels 408 of formwork-facade wall 404 (or 406) via passing through openings 320 of plurality of Q-shapcd fasteners 416.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 4B, second plurality of connecting rods 414 may interconnect two adjacent side panels 408 via passing second plurality of connecting rods 414 through a hollow space on a base of each Q-shaped fastener 416 (similar to base 304 of Q-shaped bracket 302). In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary hollow space on base 304 may be defined by two lateral walls 306 extended out of exemplary two opposite edges of base 304. In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of transversally connecting elements 422 between formwork-facade walls 404 and 406 may be seen in FIG. 4B, which may be similar to transversal connections 116a and/or 116b. In an exemplary embodiment, first plurality of connecting rods 412 and/or

• second plurality of connecting rods 414 may form a strengthening network in combination with each other. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary network may strengthen formworkfacade walls 404 and 406 as well as side panels 408; thereby, resulting in protecting a building including formwork-facade walls 404 and 406 against a lateral pressure that may be applied from outside to an exemplary building. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary network may provide formwork-facade walls 404 and 406 to withstand various pressures.

[0068] In more details, FIG. 4C shows a schematic view 430 of passing a plurality of rebars 432 as an exemplar of first plurality of connecting rods 412 through openings 434 of lateral walls 438 (similar to lateral walls 306) of a plurality of Q-shaped fasteners 436 (similar to Q- shaped fasteners 416), consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present • disclosure. Furthermore, FIG. 4D shows a schematic view 440 of passing a plurality of square cross-sectioned profiles 442 as another exemplar of first plurality of connecting rods 412 through openings 434 of lateral walls 438 (similar to lateral walls 306) of plurality of Q-shaped fasteners 436 (similar to Q-shapcd fasteners 416), consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, each two square crosssectioned profiles 442 may be attached together using a screw fastener 444.

[0069] In another general aspect of the present disclosure, an exemplary method for constructing a permanent rammed earth formwork-facade is described. FIG. 5 shows an exemplary flow diagram of exemplary method 500 for constructing a permanent rammed earth formwork-facade, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, method 500 may include constructing two side panels (step 502), processing an interior and an exterior surface of each side panel (step 504), placing • an insulator layer on an exemplary interior surface of each side panel (step 506), and interconnecting the two side panels to each other (step 508). In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary permanent rammed earth formwork-facade may be similar to permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100 described herein above, so exemplary method 500 may be described in connection with FIGs. 1A-1B, 2A-2E, and 3A-3B in the following. [0070] In further detail with respect to step 502, step 502 may include constructing two exemplary side panels similar to two side panels 102 and 104. In an exemplary embodiment, each side panel 102 (or 104) may be constructed using a ramming technique and reinforcing thereof. FIG. 6 shows an exemplary flow diagram of exemplary method 600 for constructing an exemplary side panel similar to each of side panels 102 and 104 (step 502), consistent with • one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, method 600 may include constructing a bottom rammed earth layer (step 602), reinforcing an exemplary side panel by placing a mesh network in combination with a strand of barbed wire onto an exemplary bottom rammed earth layer (step 604), further reinforcing an exemplary side panel by placing and fastening a first plurality of rebars onto an exemplary mesh network (step 606), fastening a plurality of L-shaped connections to an exemplary mesh network and an exemplary first plurality of rebars (step 608), and constructing a top rammed earth layer (step 610).

[0071] In further detail with respect to step 602, step 602 may include constructing an exemplary bottom rammed earth layer. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary bottom • rammed earth layer may be similar to layer 201 of rammed earth. In an exemplary embodiment, layer 201 of rammed earth may be constructed by ramming a first layer of soil inside a ramming formwork using a pneumatic hammer and planar compactors. In an exemplary embodiment, ramming an exemplary first layer of soil inside an exemplary ramming formwork may be done by ramming a soil mixture of granulated masonry including an amount of in a range of about 30% wt. to about 40% wt. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary soil mixture may be poured into an exemplary ramming formwork and homogeneously compacted in the entire thickness of an exemplary first layer of soil so that fine and coarse grains may be distributed congruently in all parts of an exemplary first layer of soil. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary thickness of an exemplary first layer of soil after ramming and compacting may be equal to a pre-determined thickness of layer 201, which may be half of thickness 228 of doublelayered rammed earth wall 202.

• [0072] In an exemplary embodiment, ramming an exemplary first layer of soil may further include remaining an exemplary first layer of soil inside an exemplary ramming formwork for about 1 to about 10 days; thereby, resulting in gradually losing moisture of ramming an exemplary first layer of soil. In an exemplary embodiment, after about 1 day to about 10 days, ramming an exemplary first layer of soil may be removed from inside an exemplary ramming formwork and may be left at ambient temperature in a range of about 20 °C to about 30 °C.

[0073] In an exemplary embodiment, constructing layer 201 of rammed earth may further include polishing a bottom surface of an exemplary first layer of soil that may be similar to exterior surface 212. In an exemplary embodiment, exterior surface 212 may be a facade of permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100 which may be polished using a soft sandpaper • and a soft quartz stone applied on a grindstone. In an exemplary embodiment, slush may be cleaned off from exterior surface 212 and infiltrate into coarser surface sections of an exemplary first layer of soil during polishing exterior surface 212. In an exemplary embodiment, polishing exterior surface 212 may be repeated several times depending on facade requirements. In an exemplary embodiment, polishing exterior surface 212 may further include cleaning surface slush, mixing an exemplary cleaned slush with a primer, and drying an exemplary mixture of slush with an exemplary the primer by remaining an exemplary mixture of slush with an exemplary primer at ambient temperature for a time period in a range of about 5 hours and 10 hours. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary “primer” may refer to a water-proofing solution; allowing for providing at least one of a water-proof surface, a water- • barrier on a surface, sealing a surface, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, polishing exterior surface 212 may further include homogeneously dispersing a first wax layer on exterior surface 212 and drying exterior surface 212 via passing several hours between about 5 hours and 12 hours. In an exemplary embodiment, polishing exterior surface 212 may further include smoothing (for example, by manually sandpapering) incongruent sections of exterior surface 212, rubbing a second wax layer onto exterior surface 212, and polishing exterior surface 212. In an exemplary embodiment, polishing exterior surface 212 may further include rubbing exterior surface 212 with molten Carnauba wax manually or using a machine and drying exterior surface 212 via passing several hours between about 7 hours and 12 hours.

[0074] In further detail with respect to step 604, step 604 may include placing a mesh network in combination with a strand of barbed wire onto an exemplary constructed bottom rammed earth layer. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary mesh network may be similar to mesh

• network 204 and an exemplary strand of barbed wire may be similar to strand of barbed wire 206. In an exemplary embodiment, mesh network 204 may be placed in combination with strand of barbed wire 206 on layer 201 of rammed earth with several strokes. In an exemplary embodiment, mesh network 204 along with strand of barbed wire 206 may be tightened to layer 201 of rammed earth so that strand of barbed wire 206 may sink into layer 201 of rammed earth.

[0075] In further detail with respect to step 606, step 606 may include reinforcing an exemplary side panel by placing a mesh network in combination with a strand of barbed wire onto an exemplary bottom rammed earth layer. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary first plurality of rebars similar to first plurality of rebars 208 may be placed and fastened onto mesh

• network 204. In an exemplary embodiment, first plurality of rebars 208 may be placed on mesh network 204 within 20 cm distances from one another. In an exemplary embodiment, first plurality of rebars 208 may be fastened to underlying mesh network 204 using welding and twisted wire.

[0076] In further detail with respect to step 608, step 608 may include fastening a plurality of L-shaped connections to an exemplary mesh network and an exemplary first plurality of rebars.

In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary plurality of L-shaped connections similar to plurality of L-shaped connections 220 may be inserted in pre-determined sites and fastened to first plurality of rebars 208 and mesh network 204.

[0077] In further detail with respect to step 610, step 610 may include constructing a top• rammed earth layer. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary top rammed earth layer similar to layer 203 of rammed earth may be constructed by pouring, pounding, and compacting a second layer of soil inside an exemplary ramming formwork onto layer 201 of rammed earth reinforced with mesh network 204, strand of barbed wire 206, first plurality of rebars 208, and plurality of L-shaped connections 220. In an exemplary embodiment, layer 203 of rammed earth may have a half thickness of thickness 228 of double-layered rammed earth wall 202. In an exemplary embodiment, strand of barbed wire 206 facing upward may allow for interaction between mesh network 204 and layer 203 of rammed earth and tightening together.

[0078] Referring back to FIG. 5, in further detail with respect to step 504, step 504 may include processing an interior surface and an exterior surface of each side panel. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary interior surface of each side panel may be similar to interior surface 210 and an exemplary exterior surface of each side panel may be similar to exterior surface

• 212. In an exemplary embodiment, processing interior surface 210 and exterior surface 212 may include abrading and smoothing interior surface 210 and exterior surface 212 manually or utilizing a mechanical concrete-finishing machine.

[0079] In further detail with respect to step 506, step 506 may include placing an insulator layer on an exemplary interior surface of each side panel. In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary insulator layer may be similar to insulator layer 205 that may be placed onto interior surface 210. In an exemplary embodiment, insulator layer 205 may be fastened and screwed to each side panel 102 or 104 using an L-shaped connection of plurality of L-shaped connections 220 and also a Q-shapcd bracket 302. In an exemplary embodiment, Q-shapcd bracket 302 may be screwed onto insulator layer 205 so that base 304 may fall on insulator layer 205 and

• two hooks 308 may stand out from insulator layer 205/side panel 102 or 104.

[0080] In further detail with respect to step 508, step 508 may include interconnecting exemplary two side panels 102 and 104 to each other. In an exemplary embodiment, interconnecting exemplary two side panels 102 and 104 to each other may include interconnecting two side panels 102 and 104 parallel to each other with exemplary normal distance 108 equal to a pre -determined thickness of an exemplary rammed earth and/or a concrete structure that may be constructed inside permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100. In an exemplary embodiment, interconnecting two side panels 102 and 104 to each other may include inserting plurality of galleys 114 into respective plurality of grooves 318 of plurality of Q-shapcd brackets 302. In an exemplary embodiment, two ends of each galley of plurality of galleys 114 may be fastened to plurality of grooves 318 using gasket 327 and regulator bolt 326. In an exemplary embodiment, a length of galley placed between two side panels 102 and 104 may be adjusted depending on an intended thickness of an exemplary rammed earth and/or a concrete structure.

[0081] In an exemplary embodiment, step 508 of interconnecting exemplary two side panels 102 and 104 to each other may further include transversally interconnecting two side panels 0 102 and 104 to each other using plurality of transversal connections 116a and/or 116b. In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of corresponding holes may be formed in two side panels 102 and 104 at corresponding locations opposite to each other so that transversal connection 116a or 116b may be allowed to pass through two corresponding holes in two side panels 102 and 104; thereby, interconnecting side panels 102 and 104 to each other. In an exemplary

• embodiment, plurality of transversal connections 116a and/or 116b may be attached and fastened to side panels 102 and 104 using respective soldier piles 120 and 122 with the assistance of a respective plurality of wing nuts 124.

[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, method 500 may further include increasing strength of permanent rammed earth form work-facade 100 using at least one of a plurality of abutment 0 beams 126 126 placed between soldier pile 120 and side panel 102, first plurality of connecting rods 412 passed through openings 320 of plurality of Q-shapcd fasteners 416, and combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, plurality of abutment beams 126 and/or first plurality of connecting rods 412 may allow for curbing a lateral pressure of a process of concreting and/or ramming earth for forming an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure

• inside permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100.

[0083] Furthermore, first plurality of connecting rods 412 with long length may be used when more than one permanent rammed earth formwork-facade 100 is needed to cover an exemplary rammed earth and/or an exemplary concrete structure. In an exemplary embodiment, first plurality of connecting rods 412 may interconnect two or more adjacent side panels (similar to 0 side panels 102 and 104) of adjacent permanent rammed earth formwork-facades 100 to each other. Moreover, method 500 may further include interconnecting two adjacent side panels 408 by passing second plurality of connecting rods 414 through hollow spaces on base 304 of each Q-shapcd bracket 302.

[0084] In an exemplary embodiment, side panels 102 or 104 may be used for exterior or interior V • decoration of a building. In a first scenario, first a metal structure including a plurality of profiles may be formed and an exemplary metal structure may be connected to a wall of a building. In a next step, a side panel similar to each of side panels 102 or 104 may be attached to one or more vertical profiles of an exemplary metal structure. FIG. 7A shows a schematic view 700 of an attachment of a side panel 704 (similar to side panel 102 or 104) to a metal structure 702, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 7B shows a magnified schematic view 710 of an attachment of a side panel 704 to a metal 0 structure 702, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

In an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary attachment of side panel 704 to metal structure 702 may include passing a vertical profile 705 through a backside of a hook 706 (similar to hook 308) of a Q-shapcd fastener 707 (similar to Q-shapcd bracket 302) and fastening vertical profile 705 to Q-shapcd fastener 707 using a screw 708. In an exemplary embodiment, vertical • profile 705 may be welded to hook 706 (not illustrated). In an exemplary first scenario, a connection between side panel 704 and an exemplary wall of an exemplary building may be dry and a wet connecting material (i.e., a mortar) is not needed. In a second scenario, a plurality of rebars may be attached to a side panel similar to each of side panels 102 or 104 and an exemplary side panel may be connected to an exemplary wall of an exemplary building. FIG.

⁰ 8A shows a schematic view 800 of an attachment of a plurality of rebars 802 to a side panel 804 (similar to side panel 102 or 104), consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Moreover, FIG. 8B shows a magnified schematic view 810 of an exemplary attachment of plurality of rebars 802 to side panel 804, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, one end 803 ^v • of a rebar 805 of plurality of rebars 802 may pass through a groove 806 (similar to groove 318) of a Q-shaped fastener 807 (similar to Q-shaped bracket 302) and fastening rebar 805 onto groove 806. In an exemplary embodiment, another end 808 of rebar 805 may be inserted into an exemplary wall of an exemplary building and fastened there into. In an exemplary embodiment, a mortar may be poured between side panel 804 and an exemplary wall of an t ⁰ exemplary building; allowing for a complete and firm attachment between side panel 804 and an exemplary wall of an exemplary building.

Industrial Applicability

[0085] An exemplary rammed earth formwork-facade with a high strength and a smooth and finished facade may be constructed via a simple cost-effective process. An exemplary rammed 7 • earth formwork-facade may be used in constructing a wall, either made of rammed earth or concrete. Furthermore, an exemplary rammed earth form work-facade may be an environmentfriendly formwork and/or facade that may remain on a construction site following termination of construction, so that may remain as a building’s facade. In addition, a commercial use for an exemplary rammed earth formwork-facade may include using such exemplary rammed earth formwork-facade as a pre-constructed facade for outer walls of any buildings or constructions. [0086] While the foregoing has described what are considered to be the best mode and/or other 0 examples, it is understood that various modifications may be made therein and that the subject matter disclosed herein may be implemented in various forms and examples, and that the teachings may be applied in numerous applications, only some of which have been described herein. It is intended by the following claims to claim any and all applications, modifications and variations that fall within the true scope of the present teachings.

• [0087] Unless otherwise stated, all measurements, values, ratings, positions, magnitudes, sizes, and other specifications that are set forth in this specification, including in the claims that follow, are approximate, not exact. They are intended to have a reasonable range that is consistent with the functions to which they relate and with what is customary in the art to which they pertain.

° [0088] The scope of protection is limited solely by the claims that now follow. That scope is intended and should be interpreted to be as broad as is consistent with the ordinary meaning of the language that is used in the claims when interpreted in light of this specification and the prosecution history that follows and to encompass all structural and functional equivalents. Notwithstanding, none of the claims are intended to embrace subject matter that fails to satisfy t • the requirement of Sections 101, 102, or 103 of the Patent Act, nor should they be interpreted in such a way. Any unintended embracement of such subject matter is hereby disclaimed.

[0089] Except as stated immediately above, nothing that has been stated or illustrated is intended or should be interpreted to cause a dedication of any component, step, feature, object, benefit, advantage, or equivalent to the public, regardless of whether it is or is not recited in the claims.

[0090] It will be understood that the terms and expressions used herein have the ordinary meaning as is accorded to such terms and expressions with respect to their corresponding respective areas of inquiry and study except where specific meanings have otherwise been set forth herein. Relational terms such as first and second and the like may be used solely to ^r • distinguish one entity or action from another without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by “a” or “an” does not, without further constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

[0091] The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in various

• implementations. This is for purposes of streamlining the disclosure, and is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed implementations require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed implementation. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separately claimed subject matter.

[0092] While various implementations have been described, the description is intended to be exemplary, rather than limiting and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more implementations and implementations are possible that are within the scope of the implementations. Although many possible combinations of features are shown in the

• accompanying figures and discussed in this detailed description, many other combinations of the disclosed features are possible. Any feature of any implementation may be used in combination with or substituted for any other feature or element in any other implementation unless specifically restricted. Therefore, it will be understood that any of the features shown and/or discussed in the present disclosure may be implemented together in any suitable combination. Accordingly, the implementations are not to be restricted except in light of the attached claims and their equivalents. Also, various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of the attached claims.