Rapidly Cooling Food and Drinks

RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This patent application is a continuation-in-part of patent application U.S. Ser. No. 16/104,758, filed on August 17, 2018 and claims the benefit of provisional patent applications U.S. Ser. No. 62/758,110, filed on November 9, 2018; U.S. Ser. No. 62/801,587, filed on February 5, 2019; U.S. Ser. No. 62/831,657, filed on April 9, 2019; U.S. Ser. No. 62/831,600, filed on April 9, 2019; U.S. Ser. No. 62/831,646, filed on April 9, 2019; and U.S. Ser. No. 62/831,666, filed on April 9, 2019, all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] This disclosure relates to systems and methods for rapidly cooling food and drinks.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Beverage brewing system have been developed that rapidly prepare single servings of hot beverages. Some of these brewing systems rely on single use pods to which water is added before brewing occurs. The pods can be used to prepare hot coffees, teas, cocoas, and dairy-based beverages.

[0004] Home use ice cream makers can be used to make larger batches (e.g., 1.5 quarts or more) of ice cream for personal consumption. These ice cream maker appliances typically prepare the mixture by employing a hand-crank method or by employing an electric motor that is used, in turn, to assist in churning the ingredients within the appliance. The resulting preparation is often chilled using a pre-cooled vessel that is inserted into the machine.

SUMMARY

[0005] This specification describes systems and methods for rapidly cooling food and drinks. Some of these systems and methods can cool food and drinks in a container inserted into a counter-top or installed machine from room temperature to freezing in less than two minutes. For example, the approach described in this specification has successfully demonstrated the ability make soft-serve ice cream from room-temperature pods in approximately 90 seconds. This approach has also been used to chill cocktails and other drinks including to produce frozen drinks. These systems and methods are based on a refrigeration cycle with low startup times and a pod-machine interface that is easy to use and provides extremely efficient heat transfer. Some of the pods described are filled with ingredients in a manufacturing line and subjected to a sterilization process (e.g., retort, aseptic packaging, ultra-high temperature processing (UHT), ultra-heat treatment, ultra-pasteurization, or high pressure processing (HPP)). HPP is a cold pasteurization technique by which products, already sealed in its final package, are introduced into a vessel and subjected to a high level of isostatic pressure (300-600 megapascals (MPa) (43,500 - 87,000 pounds per square inch (psi)) transmitted by water. The pods can be used to store ingredients including, for example, dairy products at room temperature for long periods of time (e.g., 9-12 months) following sterilization.

[0006] Cooling is used to indicate the transfer of thermal energy to reduce the temperature, for example, of ingredients contained in a pod. In some cases, cooling indicates the transfer of thermal energy to reduce the temperature, for example, of ingredients contained in a pod to below freezing.

[0007] Some pods containing at least one ingredient to form a cold food or drink include: a metal body with a closed end, an open end opposite the closed end, and a sidewall extending from the closed end to define an interior cavity of the body; at least one paddle disposed in the interior cavity of the body and rotatable relative to the body; and a base extending across the open end of the body, the base sealed to the sidewall of the body, the base including a protrusion with a stem that extends between a head and a foot, the stem having a smaller cross-section than the head and the foot, the base comprising a weakened section extending around the protrusion.

[0008] Some cans containing at least one ingredient to form a cold food or drink include: a metal body with an axis, a closed end, an open end opposite the closed end, and a sidewall extending from the closed end to define an interior cavity of the body, the open end of the body having a radius that is less than an average radius of the body; at least one paddle extending laterally farther from the axis of the body than the radius of the open end of the body, the at least one paddle disposed in the interior cavity of the body and rotatable relative to the body; and a base extending across the open end of the body, the base sealed to the sidewall of the body, the base defining an opening extending through the base

[0009] Some pods for forming a cold food or drink include: a body with an axis, a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a sidewall extending from the first end to define an interior cavity of the body open at the second end, the second end of the body having a radius that is less than an average radius of the body; at least one paddle extending a distance farther from the axis of the body that is greater than the radius of the open end of the body, the scraper disposed in the interior cavity of the body; and a base extending across the open end of the body, the base sealed to the sidewall of the body, the base defining an opening extending through the base.

[0010] Some pods containing at least one ingredient to form a cold food or drink include: a body with a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a sidewall extending from the first end to define an interior cavity of the body open at the second end, the second end of the body having a radius that is less than an average radius of the body; a mixing paddle having at least one blade; a base extending across the open end of the body, the base sealed to the sidewall of the body, the base defining an opening extending through the base; and a cap attached to the body, the cap extending over at least part of the base and rotatable around the axis of the mixing paddle relative to the base, the cap defining an opening extending through the cap.

[0011] Pods and cans can include one or more of the following features.

[0012] In some embodiments, the body and the base of pods form a can. In some cases, the base includes a protrusion extending outward relative to adjacent portions of the base, the protrusion having a stem that extends between a head and a foot, the stem having a smaller cross-section than the head and the foot, the base comprising a weakened section extending around the protrusion. [0013] In some embodiments, pods and cans include a cap attached to the body, the cap extending over at least part of the base and rotatable per relative to the base, the cap defining an opening extending through the cap. In some cases, the cap is rotatable around the axis of the body. In some cases, cans and pods also include a plug closing the opening extending through the base. In some cases, the plug comprises a slide disposed between the cap and the base, the slide rotatable relative to the base. In some cases, the plug comprises a foil seal and the cap is positioned to engage and remove the foil seal from the opening defined extending through the base on rotation of the cap.

[0014] In some embodiments, pods and cans include a peel-off lid extending over the cap. In some cases, the at least one blade is a plurality of blades. In some cases, each blade has two or more different angles of inclination relative to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the body. In some cases, the plurality of paddles are configured to be resilient enough to resume an original shape after being compressed to fit through the open end of the body. In some cases, the at least one paddle has grooves in an outer edge, the grooves sized to receive a rim of the open end of the body to enable insertion of the scraper into the interior cavity of the body by rotation of the scraper with the rim in the grooves.

[0015] In some embodiments, pods and cans include a vessel containing pressurized gas disposed in the interior cavity of the body. In some cases, the pod is internally pressurized to at least 20 psi.

[0016] In some embodiments, pods and cans include between 3 and 10 ounces of the at least one ingredient.

[0017] The systems and methods described in this specification can provide a number of advantages. Some embodiments of these systems and methods can provide single servings of cooled food or drink. This approach can help consumers with portion control. Some embodiments of these systems and methods can provide consumers the ability to choose their single-serving flavors, for example, of soft serve ice cream. Some embodiments of these systems and methods incorporate shelf- stable pods that do not require pre-cooling, pre-freezing or other preparation. Some embodiments of these systems and methods can generate frozen food or drinks from room-temperature pods in less than two minutes (in some cases, less than one minute). Some embodiments of these systems and methods do not require post-processing clean up once the cooled or frozen food or drink is generated. Some embodiments of these systems and methods utilize aluminum pods that are recyclable.

[0018] The details of one or more embodiments of these systems and methods are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of these systems and methods will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0019] Figure 1 A is a perspective view of a machine for rapidly cooling food and drinks. Figure 1B shows the machine without its housing.

[0020] Figure 1C is a perspective view of a portion of the machine of Figure 1 A.

[0021] Figure 2A is perspective view of the machine of Figure 1 A with the cover of the pod-machine interface illustrated as being transparent to allow a more detailed view of the evaporator to be seen. Figure 2B is a top view of a portion of the machine without the housing and the pod-machine interface without the lid. Figures 2C and 2D are, respectively, a perspective view and a side view of the evaporator.

[0022] Figures 3A - 3F show components of a pod-machine interface that are operable to open and close pods in the evaporator to dispense the food or drink being produced.

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic of a refrigeration system.

[0024] Figures 5 A and 5B are views of a prototype of a condenser.

[0025] Figure 6A is a side view of a pod. Figure 6B is a schematic side view of the pod and a mixing paddle disposed in the pod.

[0026] Figures 7A and 7B are perspective views of a pod and an associated drive shaft. Figure 7C is a cross-section of a portion of the pod with the drive shaft engaged with a mixing paddle in the pod.

[0027] Figure 8 shows a first end of a pod with its cap spaced apart from its base for ease of viewing. Figures 9A- 9G illustrate rotation of a cap around the first end of the pod to open an aperture extending through the base. [0028] Figure 10 is an enlarged schematic side view of a pod.

[0029] Figure 11 is a flow chart of a method for operating a machine for producing cooled food or drinks.

[0030] Figures 12A is a front view of a pod that has a volume of twelve fluid ounces. Figure 12B is a schematic view of the pod of Figure 12A. Figure 12C is a front view of a pod that has a volume of eight fluid ounces.

[0031] Figures 13 A and 13B show the pod of Figure 12B before and after freezing.

[0032] Figure 14 is a perspective view of a first end of a pod with a detachable paddle interface.

[0033] Figures 15A and 15B are, respectively a perspective view and a cross- sectional view of a pod in an evaporator.

[0034] 16 is a schematic view illustrating a threaded plug and a complimentary threaded recess defined in the central stem of a mixing paddle.

[0035] Figures 17A-17C are perspective views of a plate mounted to the first end of a pod. Figures 17D and 17E are perspective views of the first end of the pod.

[0036] Figure 18A is a perspective view of a rotatable base on the first end of a pod. Figures 18B-18D are perspective views of the rotatable base.

[0037] Figures 19A and 19B show a plate rotatably connected to the first end of a pod.

[0038] Figures 20 A and 20B are views of a plate disposed on the first end of a pod.

[0039] Figure 21 A is a perspective view of a pod with the second end connected to a cap and a slider disposed between the pod and the cap. Figures 21B and 21 C are exploded views of the pod, the cap, and the slider aligned to be in their closed position. Figures 21D and 21E show the plug portion of the slider in the dispensing port. Figures 21F and 21G are, respectively, an exploded view and a bottom view of the cap and slider in their open position.

[0040] Figures 22A and 22B are schematic views of a pod engaged with a rotator.

[0041] Figures 23 A and 23B are schematic views of a pod engaged with a rotator. [0042] Figures 24A and 24B are perspective views of a removable lid that covers an end of a pod.

[0043] Figures 25 A - 25C are, respectively, a perspective view, a cross-sectional view, and a top-down view of a pod-machine interface with an evaporator.

[0044] Figures 26A and 26B are, respectively, a perspective view and a cutaway view of a pod.

[0045] Figure 27 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle.

[0046] Figure 28 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle.

[0047] Figure 29A is a perspective view of a mixing paddle. Figure 29B is a schematic view illustrating insertion of the mixing paddle of Figure 29Ainto a pod.

[0048] Figure 30A is a perspective view of a mixing paddle. Figure 30B is a schematic view illustrating insertion of the mixing paddle of Figure 30Ainto a pod.

[0049] Figure 31 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle.

[0050] Figure 32A is a perspective view of a mixing paddle. Figures 32B and 32C are schematic views illustrating insertion of the mixing paddle of Figure 32 A into a pod.

[0051] Figure 33 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle.

[0052] Figure 34A is a perspective view of a mixing paddle. Figures 34B - 34D are schematic views illustrating insertion of the mixing paddle of Figure 34A into a pod.

[0053] Figure 35 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle.

[0054] Figure 36A is a perspective view of a mixing paddle. Figures 36B - 36D are schematic views illustrating insertion of the mixing paddle of Figure 36A into a pod.

[0055] Figure 37A is a perspective view of a mixing paddle. Figure 374B is a schematic view illustrating insertion of the mixing paddle of Figure 37Ainto a pod.

[0056] Figure 38 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle.

[0057] Figure 39 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle.

[0058] Figure 40 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle.

[0059] Figure 41 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle in a pod.

[0060] Figures 42A and 42B illustrate an approach to filling a pod.

[0061] Figures 43 A and 43B shows a pod with a removable internal paddle. [0062] Figures 44A and 44B show a pod with an upper casing for storing toppings.

[0063] Figures 45 A and 45B show a gas-releasing disk housed, respectively, in a paddle and in a pod.

[0064] Figures 46A, 46B, and 46C are, respectively, a perspective cutaway view, a side view, and an exploded view of a stack of bases.

[0065] Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] This specification describes systems and methods for rapidly cooling food and drinks. Some of these systems and methods use a counter-top or installed machine to cool food and drinks in a container from room temperature to freezing in less than two minutes. For example, the approach described in this specification has successfully demonstrated the ability make soft-serve ice cream, frozen coffees, frozen smoothies, and frozen cocktails, from room temperature pods in approximately 90 seconds. This approach can also be used to chill cocktails, create frozen smoothies, frozen protein and other functional beverage shakes (e.g., collagen-based, energy, plant-based, non-dairy, CBD shakes), frozen coffee drinks and chilled coffee drinks with and without nitrogen in them, create hard ice cream, create milk shakes, create frozen yogurt and chilled probiotic drinks. These systems and methods are based on a refrigeration cycle with low startup times and a pod-machine interface that is easy to use and provides extremely efficient heat transfer. Some of the pods described can be sterilized (e.g., using retort sterilization) and used to store ingredients including, for example, dairy products at room temperature for up to 18 months.

[0067] Figure lA is a perspective view of a machine 100 for cooling food or drinks. Figure 1B shows the machine without its housing. The machine 100 reduces the temperature of ingredients in a pod containing the ingredients. Most pods include a mixing paddle used to mix the ingredients before dispensing the cooled or frozen products. The machine 100 includes a body 102 that includes a compressor, condenser, fan, evaporator, capillary tubes, control system, lid system and dispensing system with a housing 104 and a pod-machine interface 106. The pod-machine interface 106 includes an evaporator 108 of a refrigeration system 109 whose other components are disposed inside the housing 104. As shown on Figure 1B, the evaporator 108 defines a receptacle 110 sized to receive a pod.

[0068] A lid 112 is attached to the housing 104 via a hinge 114. The lid 112 can rotate between a closed position covering the receptacle 110 (Figure 1A) and an open position exposing the receptacle 110 (Figure 1B). In the closed position, the lid 112 covers the receptacle 110 and is locked in place. In the machine 100, a latch 116 on the lid 112 engages with a latch recess 118 on the pod-machine interface 106. A latch sensor 120 is disposed in the latch recess 118 to determine if the latch 116 is engaged with the latch recess 118. A processor 122 is electronically connected to the latch sensor 120 and recognizes that the lid 112 is closed when the latch sensor 120 determines that the latch 116 and the latch recess 118 are engaged.

[0069] An auxiliary cover 115 rotates upward as the lid 112 is moved from its closed position to its open position. A slot in the auxiliary cover 115 receives a handle of the lid 112 during this movement. Some auxiliary covers slide into the housing when the lid moves into the open position.

[0070] In the machine 100, the evaporator 108 is fixed in position with respect to the body 102 of the machine 100 and access to the receptacle 110 is provided by movement of the lid 112. In some machines, the evaporator 108 is displaceable relative to the body 102 and movement of the evaporator 108 provides access to the receptacle 110.

[0071] A motor 124 disposed in the housing 104 is mechanically connected to a drive shaft 126 that extends from the lid 112. When the lid 112 is in its closed position, the drive shaft 126 extends into the receptacle 110 and, if a pod is present, engages with the pod to move a paddle or paddles within the pod. The processor 122 is in electronic communication with the motor 124 and controls operation of the motor 124. In some machines, the shaft associated with the paddle(s) of the pod extends outward from the pod and the lid 112 has a rotating receptacle (instead of the drive shaft 126) mechanically connected to the motor 124. [0072] Figure 1C is perspective view of the lid 112 shown separately so the belt 125 that extends from motor 124 to the drive shaft 126 is visible. Referring again to Figure 1B, the motor 124 is mounted on a plate that runs along rails 127. The plate can move approximately 0.25 inches to adjust the tension on the belt. During assembly, the plate slides along the rails. Springs disposed between the plate and the lid 112 bias the lid 112 away from the plate to maintain tension in the belt.

[0073] Figure 2A is a perspective view of the machine 100 with the cover of the pod-machine interface 106 illustrated as being transparent to allow a more detailed view of the evaporator 108 to be seen. Figure 2B is a top view of a portion of the machine 100 without housing 104 and the pod-machine interface 106 without the lid 112. Figures 2C and 2D are, respectively, a perspective view and a side view of the evaporator 108. The evaporator 108 is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. App. Ser. No. _ (attorney docket number 47354-0006001) filed contemporaneously with this application and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This application also describes other evaporators and heat exchange systems that can be used in machines to cool food and drink in pods. Other pod-machine interfaces that can be used in this and other machines are described in U.S. Pat. App. Ser. No. _ (attorney docket number 47354-

0009001) filed contemporaneously with this application and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0074] The evaporator 108 has a clamshell configuration with a first portion 128 attached to a second portion 130 by a living hinge 132 on one side and separated by a gap 134 on the other side. Refrigerant flows to the evaporator 108 from other components of the refrigeration system through fluid channels 136 (best seen on Figure 2B). The refrigerant flows through the evaporator 108 in internal channels through the first portion 128, the living hinge 132, and the second portion 130.

[0075] The space 137 (best seen on Figure 2B) between the outer wall of the evaporator 108 and the inner wall of the casing of the pod-machine interface 106 is filled with an insulating material to reduce heat exchange between the environment and the evaporator 108. In the machine 100, the space 137 is filled with an aerogel (not shown). Some machines use other insulating material, for example, an annulus (such as an airspace), insulating foams made of various polymers, or fiberglass wool.

[0076] The evaporator 108 has an open position and a closed position. In the open position, the gap 134 provides an air gap between the first portion 128 and the second portion 130. In the machine 100, the first portion 128 and the second portion 130 are pressed together in the closed position. In some machines, the first and second portion are pressed towards each other and the gap is reduced, but still defined by a space between the first and second portions in the closed position.

[0077] The inner diameter ID of the evaporator 108 is slightly larger in the open position than in the closed position. Pods can be inserted into and removed from the evaporator 108 while the evaporator is in the open position. Transitioning the evaporator 108 from its open position to its closed position after a pod is inserted tightens the evaporator 108 around the outer diameter of the pod. For example, the machine 100 is configured to use pods with 2.085” outer diameter. The evaporator 108 has an inner diameter of 2.115” in the open position and an inner diameter inner diameter of 2.085” in the closed position. Some machines have evaporators sized and configured to cool other pods. The pods can be formed from commercially available can sizes, for example,

“slim” cans with diameters ranging from 2.080 inches - 2.090 inches and volumes of 180 milliliters (ml) - 300 ml,“sleek” cans with diameters ranging from 2.250 inches - 2.400 inches and volumes of 180 ml - 400 ml and“standard” size cans with diameters ranging from 2.500 inches - 2.600 inches and volumes of 200 ml - 500 ml. The machine 100 is configured to use pods with 2.085 inches outer diameter. The evaporator 108 has an inner diameter of 2.115 inches in its open position and an inner diameter inner diameter of 2.085 inches in its closed position. Some machines have evaporators sized and configured to cool other pods. Standard cans are typically formed with a body having a closed end and sidewalls formed from a single piece of metal. Typically, the can is filled and then a separately formed base is attached across the open end of the body.

[0078] The closed position of evaporator 108 improves heat transfer between inserted pod 150 and the evaporator 108 by increasing the contact area between the pod 150 and the evaporator 108 and reducing or eliminating an air gap between the wall of the pod 150 and the evaporator 108. In some pods, the pressure applied to the pod by the evaporator 108 is opposed by the mixing paddles, pressurized gases within the pod, or both to maintain the casing shape of the pod.

[0079] In the evaporator 108, the relative position of the first portion 128 and the second portion 130 and the size of the gap 134 between them is controlled by two bars 138 connected by a bolt 140 and two springs 142. Each of the bars 138 has a threaded central hole through which the bolt 140 extends and two end holes engaging the pins 144. Each of the two springs 142 is disposed around a pin 144 that extends between the bars 138. Some machines use other systems to control the size of the gap 134, for example, circumferential cable systems with cables that extend around the outer diameter of the evaporator 108 with the cable being tightened to close the evaporator 108 and loosened to open the evaporator 108. In other evaporators, there are a plurality of bolts and end holes, one or more than two springs, and one or more than engaging pins.

[0080] One bar 138 is mounted on the first portion 128 of the evaporator 108 and the other bar 138 is mounted on the second portion 130 of the evaporator 108. In some evaporators, the bars 138 are integral to the body of the evaporator 108 rather than being mounted on the body of the evaporator. The springs 142 press the bars 138 away from each other. The spring force biases the first portion 128 and the second portion 130 of the evaporator 108 away from each at the gap 134. Rotation of the bolt 140 in one direction increases a force pushing the bars 138 towards each and rotation of the bolt in the opposite direction decreases this force. When the force applied by the bolt 140 is greater than the spring force, the bars 138 bring the first portion 128 and the second portion 130 of the evaporator together.

[0081] The machine 100 includes an electric motor 146 (shown on Figure 2B) that is operable to rotate the bolt 140 to control the size of the gap 134. Some machines use other mechanisms to rotate the bolt 140. For example, some machines use a mechanical linkage, for example, between the lid 112 and the bolt 140 to rotate the bolt 140 as the lid 112 is opened and closed. Some machines include a handle that can be attached to the bolt to manually tighten or loosen the bolt. Some machines have a wedge system that forces the bars into a closed position when the machine lid is shut. This approach may be used instead of the electric motor 146 or can be provided as a backup in case the motor fails.

[0082] The electric motor 146 is in communication with and controlled by the processor 122 of the machine 100. Some electric drives include a torque sensor that sends torque measurements to the processor 122. The processor 122 signals to the motor to rotate the bolt 140 in a first direction to press the bars 138 together, for example, when a pod sensor indicates that a pod is disposed in the receptacle 110 or when the latch sensor 120 indicates that the lid 112 and pod-machine interface 106 are engaged. It is desirable that the clamshell evaporator be shut and holding the pod in a tightly fixed position before the lid closes and the shaft pierces the pod and engages the mixing paddle. This positioning can be important for drive shaft-mixing paddle engagement. The processor 122 signals to the electric drive to rotate the bolt 140 in the second direction, for example, after the food or drink being produced has been cooled/frozen and dispensed from the machine 100, thereby opening the evaporator gap 134 and allowing for easy removal of pod 150 from evaporator 108

[0083] The base of the evaporator 108 has three bores 148 (see Figure 2C) which are used to mount the evaporator 108 to the floor of the pod-machine interface 106. All three of the bores 148 extend through the base of the second portion 130 of the evaporator 108. The first portion 128 of the evaporator 108 is not directly attached to the floor of the pod-machine interface 106. This configuration enables the opening and closing movement described above. Other configurations that enable the evaporator 108 opening and closing movement can also be used. Some machines have more or fewer than three bores 148. Some evaporators are mounted to components other than the floor of the pod-machine interface, for example, the dispensing mechanism.

[0084] Figures 3A - 3F show components of the pod-machine interface 106 that are operable to open pods in the evaporator 108 to dispense the food or drink being produced by the machine 100. This is an example of one approach to opening pods but some machines and the associated pods use other approaches.

[0085] Figure 3 A is a partially cutaway schematic view of the pod-machine interface 106 with a pod 150 placed in the evaporator 108. Figure 3B is a schematic plan view looking upwards that shows the relationship between the end of the pod 150 and the floor 152 of the pod-machine interface 106. The floor 152 of the pod-machine interface 106 is formed by a dispenser 153. Figures 3C and 3D are perspective views of a dispenser 153. Figures 3E and 3F are perspective views of an insert 154 that is disposed in the dispenser 153. The insert 154 includes an electric motor 146 operable to drive a worm gear 157 floor 152 of the pod-machine interface 106. The worm gear 157 is engaged with a gear 159 with an annular configuration. An annular member 161 mounted on the gear 159 extends from the gear 159 into an interior region of the pod-machine interface 106. The annular member 161 has protrusions 163 that are configured to engage with a pod inserted into the pod-machine interface 106 to open the pod. The protrusions 163 of the annular member 161 are four dowel-shaped protrusions. Some annular gears have more protrusions or fewer protrusions and the protrusions can have other shapes, for example,“teeth.”

[0086] The pod 150 includes a body 158 containing a mixing paddle 160 (see Figure 3 A). The pod 150 also has a base 162 defining an aperture 164 and a cap 166 extending across the base 162 (see Figure 3B). The base 162 is seamed/fixed onto the body 158 of the pod 150. The base 162 includes a protrusion 165. The cap 166 mounted over base 162 is rotatable around the circumference/axis of the pod 150. In use, when the product is ready to be dispensed from the pod 150, the dispenser 153 of the machine engages and rotates the cap 166 around the first end of the pod 150. Cap 166 is rotated to a position to engage and then separate the protrusion 165 from the rest of the base 162. The pod 150 and its components are described in more detail with respect to Figures 6A- 10

[0087] The aperture 164 in the base 162 is opened by rotation of the cap 166. The pod-machine interface 106 includes an electric motor 146 with threading that engages the outer circumference of a gear 168. Operation of the electric motor 146 causes the gear 168 to rotate. The gear 168 is attached to a annular member 161 and rotation of the gear 168 rotates the annular member 161. The gear 168 and the annular member 161 are both annular and together define a central bore through which food or drink can be dispensed from the pod 150 through the aperture 164 without contacting the gear 168 or the annular member 161. When the pod 150 is placed in the evaporator 108, the annular member 161 engages the cap 166 and rotation of the annular member 161 rotates the cap 166.

[0088] Figure 4 is a schematic of the refrigeration system 109 that includes the evaporator 108. The refrigeration system also includes a condenser 180, a suction line heat exchanger 182, an expansion valve 184, and a compressor 186. High-pressure, liquid refrigerant flows from the condenser 180 through the suction line heat exchanger 182 and the expansion valve 184 to the evaporator 108. The expansion valve 184 restricts the flow of the liquid refrigerant fluid and lowers the pressure of the liquid refrigerant as it leaves the expansion valve 184. The low-pressure liquid then moves to the evaporator 108 where heat absorbed from a pod 150 and its contents in the evaporator 108 changes the refrigerant from a liquid to a gas. The gas-phase refrigerant flows from the evaporator 108 to the compressor 186 through the suction line heat exchanger 182. In the suction line heat exchanger 182, the liquid refrigerant cools gas-phase refrigerant before it enters the compressor 186. The refrigerant enters the compressor 186 as a low-pressure gas and leaves the compressor 186 as a high-pressure gas. The gas then flows to the condenser 180 where heat exchange cools and condenses the refrigerant to a liquid.

[0089] The refrigeration system 109 includes a first bypass line 188 and second bypass line 190. The first bypass line 188 directly connects the discharge of the compressor 186 to the inlet of the compressor 186. Diverting the refrigerant directly from the compressor discharge to the inlet can provide evaporator defrosting and temperature control without injecting hot gas to the evaporator that could reduce flow to the evaporator, increase the pressure in the evaporator and, in turn, raise the evaporator temperature above freezing. The first bypass line 188 also provides a means for rapid pressure equalization across the compressor 186, which allows for rapid restarting (i.e., freezing one pod after another quickly). The second bypass line 190 enables the application of warm gas to the evaporator 108 to defrost the evaporator 108.

[0090] Figures 5 A and 5B are views of a prototype of the condenser 180. The condenser has internal channels 192. The internal channels 192 increase the surface area that interacts with the refrigerant cooling the refrigerant quickly. These images show micro-channel tubing which are used because they have small channels which keeps the coolant velocity up and are thin wall for good heat transfer and have little mass to prevent the condenser for being a heat sink.

[0091] Figures 6A and 6B show an example of a pod 150 for use with the machine 100 described with respect to Figures 1 A - 3F. Figure 6 A is a side view of the pod 150. Figure 6B is a schematic side view of the pod 150 and the mixing paddle 160 disposed in the body 158 of the pod 150.

[0092] The pod 150 is sized to fit in the receptacle 110 of the machine 100. The pods can be sized to provide a single serving of the food or drink being produced.

Typically, pods have a volume between 6 and 18 fluid ounces. The pod 150 has a volume of approximately 8.5 fluid ounces.

[0093] The body 158 of the pod 150 is a can that contains the mixing paddle 160. The body 158 extends from a first end 210 at the base to a second end 212 and has a circular cross-section. The first end 210 has a diameter DUE that is slightly larger than the diameter DLE of the second end 212. This configuration facilitates stacking multiple pods 200 on top of one another with the first end 210 of one pod receiving the second end 212 of another pod.

[0094] A wall 214 connects the first end 210 to the second end 212. The wall 214 has a first neck 216, second neck 218, and a barrel 220 between the first neck 216 and the second neck 218. The barrel 220 has a circular cross-section with a diameter DB. The diameter DB is larger than both the diameter DUE of the first end 210 and the diameter

DLE of the second end 212. The first neck 216 connects the barrel 220 to the first end 210 and slopes as the first neck 216 extends from the smaller diameter DUE to the larger diameter DB the barrel 220. The second neck 218 connects the barrel 220 to the second end 212 and slopes as the second neck 218 extends from the larger diameter DB of the barrel 220 to the smaller diameter DLE of the second end 212. The second neck 218 is sloped more steeply than the first neck 216 as the second end 212 has a smaller diameter than the first end 210.

[0095] This configuration of the pod 150 provides increased material usage; i.e., the ability to use more base material (e.g., aluminum) per pod. This configuration further assists with the columnar strength of the pod. [0096] The pod 150 is designed for good heat transfer from the evaporator to the contents of the pod. The body 158 of the pod 150 is made of aluminum and is between 5 and 50 microns thick. The bodies of some pods are made of other materials, for example, tin, stainless steel, and various polymers such as Polyethylene terephthalate (PTE).

[0097] Pod 150 may be made from a combination of different materials to assist with the manufacturability and performance of the pod. In one embodiment, the pod walls and the second end 212 may be made of Aluminum 3104 while the base may be made of Aluminum 5182.

[0098] In some pods, the internal components of the pod are coated with a lacquer to prevent corrosion of the pod as it comes into contact with the ingredients contained within pod. This lacquer also reduces the likelihood of“off notes” of the metal in the food and beverage ingredients contained within pod. For example, a pod made of aluminum may be internally coated with one or a combination of the following coatings: Sherwin Williams/Valspar V70Q11, V70Q05, 32S02AD, 40Q60AJ; PPG Innovel 2012- 823, 2012-820C; and/or Akzo Nobel Aqualure Gl 50. Other coatings made by the same or other coating manufacturers may also be used.

[0099] Some mixing paddles are made of similar aluminum alloys and coated with similar lacquers/coatings. For example, Whitford/PPG coating 8870 may be used as a coating for mixing paddles. The mixing paddle lacquer may have additional non-stick and hardening benefits for mixing paddle.

[0100] Figures 7A - 7C illustrate the engagement between the drive shaft 126 of the machine 100 and the mixing paddle 160 of a pod 150 inserted in the machine 100. Figures 7A and 7B are perspective views of the pod 150 and the drive shaft 126. In use, the pod 150 is inserted into the receptacle 110 of the evaporator 108 with the first end 210 of the pod 150 downward. This orientation exposes the second end 212 of the pod 150 to the drive shaft 126 as shown in Figure 7A. Closing the lid 112 (see Figure 1A) presses the drive shaft 126 against the second end 212 of the pod 150 with sufficient force that the drive shaft 126 pierces the second end 212 of the pod 150. Figure 7B shows the resulting hole exposing the mixing paddle 160 with the drive shaft 126 offset for ease of viewing. Figure 7C is a cross-section of a portion of the pod 150 with the drive shaft 126 engaged with the mixing paddle 160 after the lid is closed. Typically, there is not a tight seal between the drive shaft 126 and the pod 150 so that air can flow in as the frozen confection is evacuating/dispensing out the other end of the pod 150. In an alternative embodiment, there is a tight seal such that the pod 150 retains pressure in order to enhance contact between the pod 150 and evaporator 108.

[0101] Some mixing paddle contain a funnel or receptacle configuration that receives the punctured end of the second end of the pod when the second end is punctured by driveshaft.

[0102] Figure 8 shows the first end 210 of the pod 150 with the cap 166 spaced apart from the base 162 for ease of viewing. Figures 9A - 9G illustrate rotation of the cap 166 around the first end 210 of the pod 150 to cut and carry away protrusion 165 of base 162 and expose aperture 164 extending through the base 162.

[0103] The base 162 is manufactured separately from the body 158 of the pod 150 and then attached (for example, by crimping or seaming) to the body 158 of the pod 150 covering an open end of the body 158. The protrusion 165 of the base 162 can be formed, for example, by stamping, deep drawing, or heading a sheet of aluminum being used to form the base. The protrusion 165 is attached to the remainder of the base 162, for example, by a weakened score line 173. The scoring can be a vertical score into the base of the aluminum sheet or a horizontal score into the wall of the protrusion 165. For example, the material can be scored from an initial thickness of 0.008 inches to 0.010 inches to a post-scoring thickness of 0.001 inches - 0.008 inches. In an alternative embodiment, there is no post-stamping scoring but rather the walls are intentionally thinned for ease of rupture. In another version, there is not variable wall thickness but rather the cap 166 combined with force of the machine dispensing mechanism

engagement are enough to cut the 0.008 inches to 0.010 inches wall thickness on the protrusion 165. With the scoring, the protrusion 165 can be lifted and sheared off the base 162 with 5-75 pounds of force, for example between 15-40 pounds of force.

[0104] The cap 166 has a first aperture 222 and a second aperture 224. The first aperture approximately matches the shape of the aperture 164. The aperture 164 is exposed and extends through the base 162 when the protrusion 165 is removed. The second aperture 224 has a shape corresponding to two overlapping circles. One of the overlapping circles has a shape that corresponds to the shape of the protrusion 165 and the other of the overlapping circles is slightly smaller. A ramp 226 extends between the outer edges of the two overlapping circles. There is an additional 0.020” material thickness at the top of the ramp transition. This extra height helps to lift and rupture the protrusion’ s head and open the aperture during the rotation of the cap as described in more detail with reference to Figures 9A- 9G.

[0105] As shown in Figures 9A and 9B, the cap 166 is initially attached to the base 162 with the protrusion 165 aligned with and extending through the larger of the overlapping circles of the second aperture 224. When the processor 122 of the machine activates the electric motor 146 to rotate the gear 168 and the annular member 161, rotation of the cap 166 slides the ramp 226 under a lip of the protrusion 165 as shown in Figures 9C and 9D. Continued rotation of the cap 166 applies a lifting force that separates the protrusion 165 from the remainder of the base 162 (see Figures 9E - 9G) and then aligns the first aperture 222 of the cap 166 with the aperture 164 in the base 162 resulting from removal of the protrusion 165.

[0106] Some pods include a structure for retaining the protrusion 165 after the protrusion 165 is separated from the base 162. In the pod 150, the protrusion 165 has a head 167, a stem 169, and a foot 171 (best seen in Figure 9G). The stem 169 extends between the head 167 and the foot 171 and has a smaller cross-section that the head 167 and the foot 171. As rotation of the cap 166 separates the protrusion 165 from the remainder of the base 162, the cap 166 presses laterally against the stem 169 with the head 167 and the foot 171 bracketing the cap 166 along the edges of one of the overlapping circles of the second aperture 224. This configuration retains the protrusion 165 when the protrusion 165 is separated from the base 166. Such a configuration reduces the likelihood that the protrusion falls into the waiting receptacle that when the protrusion 165 is removed from the base.

[0107] Some pods include other approaches to separating the protrusion 165 from the remainder of the base 162. For example, in some pods, the base has a rotatable cutting mechanism that is riveted to the base. The rotatable cutting mechanism has a shape similar to that described relative to cap 166 but this secondary piece is riveted to and located within the perimeter of base 162 rather than being mounted over and around base 162. When the refrigeration cycle is complete, the processor 122 of the machine activates an arm of the machine to rotate the riveted cutting mechanism around a rivet. During rotation, the cutting mechanism engages, cuts and carries away the protrusion 165, leaving the aperture 164 of base 162 in its place.

[0108] In another example, some pods have caps with a sliding knife that moves across the base to remove the protrusion. The sliding knife is activated by the machine and, when triggered by the controller, slides across the base to separate, remove, and collect the protrusion 165. The cap 166 has a guillotine feature that, when activated by the machine, may slide straight across and over the base 162. The cap 166 engages, cuts, and carries away the protrusion 165. In another embodiment, this guillotine feature may be central to the machine and not the cap 166 of pod 150. In another embodiment, this guillotine feature may be mounted as a secondary piece within base 162 and not a secondary mounted piece as is the case with cap 166.

[0109] Some pods have a dispensing mechanism that includes a pop top that can be engaged and released by the machine. When the refrigeration cycle is complete, an arm of the machine engages and lifts a tab of the pod, thereby pressing the puncturing the base and creating an aperture in the base. Chilled or frozen product is dispensed through the aperture. The punctured surface of the base remains hinged to base and is retained inside the pod during dispensing. The mixing avoids or rotates over the punctured surface or, in another embodiment, so that the mixing paddle continues to rotate without obstruction. In some pop tops, the arm of the machine separates the punctured surface from the base.

[0110] Figure 10 is an enlarged schematic side view of the pod 150. The mixing paddle 160 includes a central stem 228 and two blades 230 extending from the central stem 228. The blades 230 are helical blades shaped to chum the contents of the pod 150 and to remove ingredients that adhere to inner surface of the body 158 of the pod 150. Some mixing paddles have a single blade and some mixing paddles have more than two mixing paddles. [0111] Fluids (for example, liquid ingredients, air, or frozen confection) flow through openings 232 in the blades 230 when the mixing paddle 160 rotates. These openings reduce the force required to rotate the mixing paddle 160. This reduction can be significant as the viscosity of the ingredients increases (e.g., as ice cream forms). The openings 232 further assist in mixing and aerating the ingredients within the pod.

[0112] The lateral edges of the blades 230 define slots 234. The slots 234 are offset so that most of the inner surface of the body 158 is cleared of ingredients that adhere to inner surface of the body by one of the blades 230 as the mixing paddle 160 rotates. Although the mixing paddle is 160 wider than the first end 210 of the body 158 of the pod 150, the slots 234 are alternating slots that facilitate insertion of the mixing paddle 160 into the body 158 of the pod 150 by rotating the mixing paddle 160 during insertion so that the slots 234 are aligned with the first end 210. In another embodiment, the outer diameter of the mixing paddle are less than the diameter of the pod 150 opening, allowing for a straight insertion (without rotation) into the pod 150. In another embodiment, one blade on the mixing paddle has an outer-diameter that is wider than the second blade diameter, thus allowing for straight insertion (without rotation) into the pod 150. In this mixing paddle configuration, one blade is intended to remove (e.g., scrape) ingredients from the sidewall while the second, shorter diameter blade, is intended to perform more of a churning operation.

[0113] Some mixing paddles have one or more blades that are hinged to the central stem. During insertion, the blades can be hinged into a condensed formation and released into an expanded formation once inserted. Some hinged blades are fixed open while rotating in a first direction and collapsible when rotating in a second direction, opposite the first direction. Some hinged blades lock into a fixed, outward, position once inside the pod regardless of rotational directions. Some hinged blades are manually condensed, expanded, and locked.

[0114] The mixing paddle 160 rotates clockwise and removes frozen confection build up from the pod 214 wall. Gravity forces the confection removed from the pod wall to fall towards first end 210. In the counterclockwise direction, the mixing paddle 160 rotate, lift and churn the ingredients towards the second end 212. When the paddle changes direction and rotates clockwise the ingredients are pushed towards the first end 210. When the protrusion 165 of the base 162 is removed as shown and described with respect to Figure 9D, clockwise rotation of the mixing paddle dispenses produced food or drink from the pod 150 through the aperture 164. Some paddles mix and dispense the contents of the pod by rotating a first direction. Some paddles mix by moving in a first direction and a second direction and dispense by moving in the second direction when the pod is opened.

[0115] The central stem 228 defines a recess 236 that is sized to receive the drive shaft 126 of the machine 100. The recess and drive shaft 126 have a square cross section so that the drive shaft 126 and the mixing paddle 160 are rotatably constrained. When the motor rotates the drive shaft 126, the drive shaft rotates the mixing paddle 160. In some embodiments, the cross section of the drive shaft is a different shape and the cross section of the recess is compatibly shaped. In some cases the drive shaft and recess are threadedly connected. In some pods, the recess contains a mating structure that grips the drive shaft to rotationally couple the drive shaft to the paddle.

[0116] Figure 11 is a flow chart of a method 250 implemented on the processor 122 for operating the machine 100. The method 250 is described with references to refrigeration system 109 and machine 100. The method 250 may also be used with other refrigeration systems and machines. The method 250 is described as producing soft serve ice cream but can also be used to produce other cooled or frozen drinks and foods.

[0117] The first step of the method 250 is to turn the machine 100 on (step 260) and turn on the compressor 186 and the fans associated with the condenser 180 (step 262). The refrigeration system 109 then idles at regulated temperature (step 264). In the method 250, the evaporator 108 temperature is controlled to remain around 0.75°C but may fluctuate by ±0.25°C. Some machines are operated at other idle temperatures, for example, from 0.75°C to room temperature (22.0°C). If the evaporator temperature is below 0.5°C, the processor 122 opens the bypass valve 190 to increase the heat of the system (step 266). When the evaporator temperature goes over l°C, the bypass valve 190 is closed to cool the evaporator (step 268). From the idle state, the machine 100 can be operated to produce ice cream (step 270) or can shut down (step 272). [0118] After inserting a pod, the user presses the start button. When the user presses the start button, the bypass valve 190 closes, the evaporator 108 moves to its closed position, and the motor 124 is turned on (step 274). In some machines, the evaporator is closed electronically using a motor. In some machines, the evaporator is closed mechanically, for example by the lid moving from the open position to the closed position. In some systems, a sensor confirms that a pod 150 is present in the evaporator 108 before these actions are taken.

[0119] Some systems include radio frequency identification (RFID) tags or other intelligent bar codes such as UPC bar or QR codes. Identification information on pods can be used to trigger specific cooling and mixing algorithms for specific pods. These systems can optionally read the RFID, QR code, or barcode and identify the mixing motor speed profile and the mixing motor torque threshold (step 273).

[0120] The identification information can also be used to facilitate direct to consumer marketing (e.g., over the internet or using a subscription model). This approach and the systems described in this specification enable selling ice cream thru e- commerce because the pods are shelf stable. In the subscription mode, customers pay a monthly fee for a predetermined number of pods shipped to them each month. They can select their personalized pods from various categories (e.g., ice cream, healthy smoothies, frozen coffees or frozen cocktails) as well as their personalized flavors (e.g., chocolate or vanilla).

[0121] The identification can also be used to track each pod used. In some systems, the machine is linked with a network and can be configured to inform a vendor as to which pods are being used and need to be replaced (e.g., through a weekly shipment). This method is more efficient than having the consumers go to the grocery store and purchase pods.

[0122] These actions cool the pod 150 in the evaporator 108 while rotating the mixing paddle 160. As the ice cream forms, the viscosity of the contents of the pod 150 increases. A torque sensor of the machine measures the torque of the motor 124 required to rotate the mixing paddle 160 within the pod 150. Once the torque of the motor 124 measured by a torque sensor satisfies a predetermined threshold, the machine 100 moves into a dispensing mode (276). The dispensing port opens and the motor 124 reverses direction (step 278) to press the frozen confection out of the pod 150. This continues for approximately 1 to 10 seconds to dispense the contents of the pod 150 (step 280). The machine 100 then switches to defrost mode (step 282). Frost that builds up on the evaporator 108 can reduce the heat transfer efficiency of the evaporator 108. In addition, the evaporator 108 can freeze to the pod 150, the first portion 128 and second portion 130 of the evaporator can freeze together, and/or the pod can freeze to the evaporator. The evaporator can be defrosted between cycles to avoid these issues by opening the bypass valve 170, opening the evaporator 108, and turning off the motor 124 (step 282). The machine then diverts gas through the bypass valve for about 1 to 10 seconds to defrost the evaporator (step 284). The machine is programmed to defrost after every cycle, unless a thermocouple reports that the evaporator 108 is already above freezing. The pod can then be removed. The machine 100 then returns to idle mode (step 264). In some machines, a thermometer measures the temperature of the contents of pod 150 and identifies when it is time to dispense the contents of the pod. In some machines, the dispensing mode begins when a predetermined time is achieved. In some machines, a combination of torque required to turn the mixing paddle, temperature of the pod, and/or time determines when it is time to dispense the contents of the pod.

[0123] If the idle time expires, the machine 100 automatically powers down (step 272). A user can also power down the machine 100 by holding down the power button

(286). When powering down, the processor opens the bypass valve 190 to equalize pressure across the valve (step 288). The machine 100 waits ten seconds (step 290) then turns off the compressor 186 and fans (step 292). The machine is then off.

[0124] Figures 12A is a front view of a pod 150 that has a volume of eight fluid ounces. Figure 12B is a cross-sectional view of the pod 150 that showing various features whose specifications are indicated on Table 1.

[0125] Some pods have different volumes and/or shapes. For example, a pod 300 shown in Figure 12C has a volume of eight fluid ounces. Other pods have a volume of 16 fluid ounces. Table 2 includes a variety of pod volumes and diameters.

[0126] Figure 13 A shows the pod 300 before inserting the pod 300 into the evaporator 108 and Figure 13B shows the pod 300 after cooling and before dispensing the contents of the pod 300. In Figure 13A, the pod 300 includes four fluid ounces of liquid ingredients. The pod 300 can be stored at room temperature or refrigerated prior to insertion into the evaporator 108. After the pod 300 is inserted into the evaporator 108, mixed using the internal mixing paddle 160, and cooled to freeze the contents,“loft” associated with the aeration of the ingredients brings the overall volume of the pod contents to 5-8 fluid ounces.

[0127] Figure 14 is a perspective view of the second end 302 of a pod 301. The pod 301 is substantially similar to the pod 150. However, the second end 302 of the pod 301 includes a paddle interface 304 that is detachable from the body 158. The pod 301 can then be recycled by separating the plastic mixing paddle (not shown) from the aluminum body of the pod. The paddle interface 304 detaches by rotating a flange 306 connected to the central stem of the mixing paddle. The flange 306 and central stem are translationally coupled but not rotationally coupled. Rotating the flange 306 unlocks the paddle from engagement with the pod 301. A user can then pull the paddle out through a central aperture 308 defined by the second end 302 of the pod 301.

[0128] Figure 15A is a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of the pod 150 in the evaporator 108. In Figure 15A, a cover 315 is disposed on the evaporator 108. The cover 315 includes a first fluid inlet 312, a first fluid outlet 314, a second fluid inlet 316, and a second fluid outlet 318. The first fluid inlet 312 and first fluid outlet 314 are fluidly connected by a first flow path defined by channels within the first portion 128. The second fluid inlet 316 and second fluid outlet 318 are fluidly connected by a second flow path defined by channels within the second portion 130. The first flow path and the second flow path are independent of each other.

[0129] Figure 15B is a cross-sectional view of the evaporator 108 and pod 150 with mixing paddle 160. The drive shaft 126 passes thru the second end 212 of the pod 150 and engages the paddle 160 when the evaporator 108 is in the closed position.

[0130] Figures 16-21G show various dispensing mechanisms and assemblies that can be mounted on or integrated into pods and/or mixing paddles. The dispensing mechanisms described expose an opening (e.g., a dispensing port or an aperture) to fluidly connect the environment with the interior of the pod.

[0131] Figure 16 is a schematic view of system that includes a threaded plug 330 and a complimentary threaded recess 332 defined in the central stem 228 of a mixing paddle. The threaded plug 330 and threaded recess 332 rotate and translate relative to each other to open an aperture 334 defined in the first end 210 of the pod. The plug 330 abuts the stem 228 such that rotation in a counter-clockwise direction engages the threads on the plug 330 with the threaded recess 332. Further rotation of the central stem 228 pulls the plug 330 into the recess 332, eventually exposing the aperture 334 defined in the first end 210 of the pod. Counter-clockwise rotation of the paddle 160 churns the contents of the pod downwards, through the aperture 334. Clockwise rotation of the mixing paddle 160 churns the contents of the pod upwards, away from the aperture 334. Initially the plug 330 and recess 332 abut in such a manner that the when the paddle 160 rotates clockwise, the threaded plug 330 and the threaded recess 332 do not engage each other.

[0132] Figures 17A-17C are perspective views of a cap 336 rotatably mounted to the first end 210 of a pod. A foil seal 338 covers a dispensing port 340 defined in the first end 210 of the pod. The cap 336 defines an opening 342 sized similarly to the dispensing port 340. A scraper is used to remove the foil when it is time to dispense the contents of the pod. The cap 336 has a knife-edge 344 that functions as the scraper.

[0133] The cap 336 and foil 338 are initially positioned as shown in Figure 17A.

When the contents of the pod are ready to be dispensed, the machine 100 rotates the cap 336 in a counterclockwise direction. As the cap 336 rotates, the knife-edge 344 scrapes and detaches the foil seal 338 from first end 210, exposing the dispensing port 340 as shown in Figure 17B. An arm 346 projects from the cap 336 to engage the detached seal 338 and keep it from falling into the food or drink being dispensed. The cap 336 continues to rotate in a counterclockwise direction until the dispensing port 340 and the opening 342 align, as shown in Figure 17C. At this point, the paddle 160 rotates to chum the contents of the pod in a downward direction out the dispensing port 340.

[0134] Figures 17D and 17E show first end 210 of the pod without the cap 336. Figure 17D shows the foil seal 338 covering the dispensing port 340. Figure 17E is a perspective view of the first end 210 without the foil seal 338. The foil seal 338 seals the liquid, semi-solid, and/or solid contents of the pod during sterilization, transit, and storage. The diameter of the dispensing port 340 is about 5/8 of an inch. Some dispensing ports are other sizes (e.g., 0.2 to 1 inches in diameter).

[0135] Figures 18A-18D are perspective views of the first end 210 of a pod with a rotatable cap 350. Figures 18B-18D are perspective views of the cap 350 shown in Figure 18A. In these figures, the cap 350 is illustrated as being transparent to make it easier to describe the inner components are visible. Typically, caps are opaque.

[0136] The cap 350 is attached to the first end 210 of the pod using a rivet 352. The cap 350 covers the first end 210 of the pod and a foil seal 338 initially disposed covering the dispensing port 340 of the pod.

[0137] Figure 18B shows a top perspective view of the cap 350 with a knife-edge 356, a nozzle 358, and a support plate 360. The knife-edge 356, support plate 360, and nozzle 358 are rotatably coupled to the cap 350 and move between a closed position to a dispensing position. The closed position of the cap 350 is shown in Figures l8A and 18B. The dispensing position is shown in Figure 18C. In the closed position, the support plate 360 covers the dispensing port 340 and the foil seal. In the dispensing position, the nozzle 358 aligns with the dispensing port 340 and the foil seal 338 is disposed on an upper surface of the knife-edge 356.

[0138] The cap 350 rotates to move the nozzle 358, knife-edge 356, and support plate 360 from the initial position to the dispensing position. As the plate rotates, the knife scrapes the foil seal and removes the foil seal from its position covering the dispensing port 340. The cap 350 continues to rotate and the knife-edge 356 covers the dispensing port. The seal 338 moves up the knife-edge 356, guided by the support plate 360 and engages the knife-edge 356, as shown in Figure 18D. The cap 350 rotates further and the nozzle 358 aligns with the dispensing port 340. The paddle 160 rotates in a direction that chums the contents of the pod downward towards the dispensing port 340. The support plate 360 serves strengthens and supports to the overall first end 210 during the sterilization process (e.g., retort or HPP) when internal and external pressures may otherwise cause the end to be compromised. [0139] Figures 19A and 19B show a cap 389 including plate 390 and a slider 392. The cap 389 is rotatably connected to the first end 210 of a pod. The slider 392 is disposed between the plate 390 and the first end 210 of the pod. A hinge 396 fastens a first end 398 of the slider 392 to the first end 210 of the pod. A boss 400 extends from a second end 402 of the slider 392. The plate 390 defines an aperture 403, an arced guide track 404, and a linear guide track 406. The arced guide track 404 engages the hinge 396 of the first end 210 of the pod 150. The linear guide track 406 engages the boss 400 of the slider 392.

[0140] Figures 19A shows the plate 390 and the slider 392 in an open position in which the aperture 403 is aligned and in fluid connection with the dispensing port 340. In the open position, the boss 400 is at a first end 408 of the linear guide track 406 and the hinge 396 is at a first end 410 of the arced guide track 404. In the closed position, the second end 402 of the slider 392 covers the dispensing port 340. The hinge 396 abuts a second end 412 of the arced guide track 404 and the boss 400 abuts a second end 414 of the linear guide track 406.

[0141] To move from the open position to the closed position, the plate 390 is rotated counterclockwise. The hinge 396 follows the arced guide track 404 from the first end 410 to the second end 412. The boss 400 also moves along the linear guide track 406 from the first end 408 to the second end 414. The rotation of the plate 390 moves the second end 402 of the slider 392 to cover the dispensing port 340. When the hinge 396 is at the second end 412 of the arced guide track 404, the slider 392 fully covers the dispensing port 340.

[0142] To move from the closed position to the open position, the plate 390 is rotated clockwise. The hinge 396 follows the arced guide track 404 from the second end 412 to the first end 410. The boss 400 also moves along the linear guide track 406 from the second end 414 to the first end 408. The clockwise rotation of the plate 390 moves the second end 402 of the slider 392 to expose the dispensing port 340. When the hinge 396 is at the first end 410 of the arced guide track 404, the aperture 403 is aligned and in fluid communication with the dispensing port 340, as shown in Figure 19A. [0143] Figures 20A and 20B are views of a plate 420 disposed on the first end 210 of a pod. The plate defines an aperture 422 and an arced guide track 424. The slider 392 is disposed between the plate 420 and the first end 210 of the pod 150. A link arm 426 is disposed between the slider 392 and the plate 420. As described with reference to Figure 19 A, the slider 392 is connected to the first end 210 of the pod 150 by the hinge 396. The boss 400 extends from the slider 392 and acts as a hinge, rotatably and translationally connecting the second end 402 of the slider 392 to the link arm 426. The link arm 426 includes a projection 427 that acts as a hinge, rotationally and translationally connecting the plate 420 and the link arm 426.

[0144] Figure 20A shows the plate 420, slider 392, and link arm 426 in the closed position. The second end 402 of the slider 392 covers the dispensing port 340. Figure 20B shows the plate 420 in the open position, in which the aperture 422 is aligned and fluidly connected with the dispensing port 340.

[0145] The plate 420 operates similarly to plate 390. In the open position, the hinge 396 is positioned at a first end 428 of the arced guide track 424. In the closed position, the hinge 396 is positioned at a second end 430 of the arced guide track 424.

The plate 420 rotates to move the arced guide track 424 relative to the hinge 396.

[0146] To move from the closed position, shown in Figure 20A, to the open position, shown in Figure 20B, the plate 420 rotates clockwise. The projection 427 rotates with the plate 420 and pulls the link arm 426 clockwise. The boss 400 that connects the link arm 426 to the slider 392 pulls the second end 402 of the slider 392 clockwise, exposing the dispensing port 340. The aperture 422 rotates clockwise to align with the dispensing port 340. When the hinge 396 abuts the first end 428 of the arced guide track 424, the aperture 422 is aligned with the dispensing port 340.

[0147] To move from the open position, shown in Figure 20B, to the closed position, shown in Figure 20A, the plate 420 rotates counterclockwise. The projection 427 rotates with the plate 420 and pushes the link arm 426 counterclockwise. The boss 400 that connects the link arm 426 to the slider 392 pushes the second end 402 of the slider 392 counterclockwise, covering the dispensing port 340 with the second end 402 of the slider 392. The aperture 422 rotates counterclockwise moving out of alignment with the dispensing port 340. When the hinge 396 abuts the second end 430 of the arced guide track 424, the second end 402 of the slider 392 covers the dispensing port 340.

[0148] Figure 21 A is a perspective view of a pod 150 with the first end 210 connected to a cap 432 and a slider 434 disposed between the pod 150 and the cap 432. The slider 434 has a flat portion 436 and a plug portion 438. The plug portion 438 plugs the dispensing port 340 in the closed position. The cap 432 defines an aperture 440 that aligns with the dispensing port 340 in the open position.

[0149] Figures 21B and 21C are exploded views of the pod 150, cap 432, and slider 434 aligned to be in the closed position. The cap 432 includes a recess 442 that holds the slider 434. The cap 432 and slider 434 are attached to the second end first end 21 Oof the pod 150 using a bolt 444. The slider 434 and cap 432 are rotatable relative to each other and relative to the bolt 444.

[0150] Figures 21D and 21E show the closed position with the plug portion 438 of the slider 434 in the dispensing port 340. The cap 432 is shown apart from the pod 150 for ease of viewing.

[0151] Figures 21F and 21G show an exploded view and a bottom view of the cap 432 and slider 434 in the open position. The cap 432 rotates to move the slider 434 between the open and closed position. As the cap 432 continues to rotate, the slider 434 tucks into the recess 442 of the cap 432, the sliding plug 438 is removed from the dispensing port 340, and the aperture 440 of the cap 432 aligns with the dispensing port 340. This configuration can be reversed into the closed position by rotating the cap 432 in the opposite direction, sliding plug 438 up and into the dispensing port 340 to reseal it.

[0152] Figures 22A and 22B are schematic views of a pod 150 engaged with a gear wheel 450. The gear wheel 452 engages a plate or cap (e.g., the plates of Figures 17A, 18A, 19A, 20A, or the cap of Figure 21 A) of the pod 150 when the pod 150 is inserted into a machine. The gear wheel 452 is attached to a motor (not shown) that drives the gear wheel 452. Rotation of the gear wheel 452 rotates the plate or cap of the pod 150. When it is time to dispense cooled food or drink from the pod 150, the motor is activated to rotate the gear wheel to rotate the plate or cap and open the cover of the pod 150 to dispense its contents. [0153] When the pod 150 is inserted into the evaporator 108 of the machine 100 a plate or cap attached to the first end 210 of the pod rests against the gear wheel 452. In some rotators, the gear wheel is shaped as a circular donut or a roller. To dispense cooled food or drink, the motor 454 is activated by a controller and rotates the gear wheel 452 via the rod 456. The gear wheel 452 engages the plate or cap, moving the plate or cap into the open position from the closed position. By reversing the motor 454, the gear wheel 452 can moving the plate or cap into the closed position from the open position. Some gear wheels can be activated manually by the machine user.

[0154] Figures 23 A and 23B are schematic views of a pod 150 engaged with a gear wheel 452. The gear wheel 452 that engages a plate or cap and is coupled to a motor 454 that drives the gear wheel 452 via a rod 456. Rotation of the gear wheel 452 rotates the plate or cap of the pod 150. When it is time to dispense cooled food or drink from the pod 150, the motor is activated to rotate the gear wheel to rotate the plate or cap and open the cover of the pod 150 to dispense its contents.

[0155] Figures 24A and 24B are perspective views of a removable lid 464 that covers an end of a pod 150. The removable lid 462 is integrally formed with the pod 150 and has an edge 465 that defines a weakened area of aluminum where the removable lid 462 meets the first neck 216. The removable lid 462 further includes a tab 466 with a puncturing surface 468, aligned with the edge 465 and a ring 470 on the side opposite the puncturing surface 468. The removable lid 462 is removed by lifting the ring 470 thereby pressing the puncturing surface 468 into the weakened area. The puncturing surface 468 punctures the weakened area and the user pulls the removable lid 462 away from the pod 150 using the ring 470. The removable lid 462 covers the dispensing assembly. The removable lid 462 helps maintain the integrity of the pod during the sterilization process and helps the pod 150 maintain sterility of its contents following the sterilization process.

[0156] The weakened section is produced in manufacturing by scoring the edge 465 of the removable lid 464. The edge 465 may be created by a laser or stamping with a punch and die. In some embodiments, the weakened section is a section that is thinner than the walls of the pod. In some embodiments, the removable lid is adhesively attached or mechanically attached to the pod. The dispensing assembly may be any of the configurations described with respect to Figures 17A-21G.

[0157] Figures 25 A - 25C are a perspective, a cross-sectional, and a top-down view of a pod-machine interface 480 with an evaporator 108 as described with respect to Figure 15 A. The pod-machine interface 480 has a bore 486 for hingably attaching the pod-machine interface 480 to the body of a machine for rapidly cooling food or drinks. The drive shaft 126 is the only component of the machine 100 shown.

[0158] The evaporator 108 is in its closed position holding the pod 150. The drive shaft 126 engages with the pod 150 to rotate the mixing paddle 486. The mixing paddle 486 is a three-blade paddle with blades that have large openings adjacent a stem 488 of the paddle 486. The angle of inclination of the blades 490 relative to a plane extending along an axis of pod 484 varies with distance from the end of the pod 150. The outer edges of the blades 490 define slots that can receive a rim of the pod 484 during assembly.

[0159] The pod-machine interface 480 includes a housing 491 with a ledge 492 and a wall 494 that extends upward from the ledge 492. The ledge 492 and the wall 494 guide and support refrigerant fluid lines (not shown) attached to the evaporator 108. The fluid lines extend from a recess 496 that is defined in the wall 494 to the first fluid inlet port 312 and the second fluid outlet port 318 of the evaporator 108 on the side of the evaporator 108 opposite the recess 496. The evaporator 108 has two inlet ports and two outlet ports because the first portion 128 of the evaporator 108 and the second portion 130 of the evaporator 108 define two separate flow paths.

[0160] The evaporator 108 is disposed in the pod-machine interface 480 such that an annular space 495 is defined between the outer wall of the evaporator 108 and the inner wall of the casing of the pod-machine interface 480. The annular space 495 is filled with an insulating material to reduce heat exchange between the environment and the evaporator 108. In the pod-machine interface 480, the annular space 495 is filled with an aerogel (not shown). Some machines use other insulating material, for example, an annulus (such as an airspace), insulating foams made of various polymers, or fiberglass wool. [0161] Figures 26A and 26B are perspective views of a pod 502. The pod 502 is substantially similar to the pod 150 shown in Figure 6A and 7A. However, the pod 502 includes a plug 504 that engages the drive shaft 126 of the machine 100 and facilitates the flow of gas into the pod 502 during either the manufacturing process or during the cooling process in the machine. Gas (for example, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, argon, or a combination of these gases) can injected into the pod 502 through the plug 504 during manufacturing. Typical pressure that the pod experiences during the retort sterilization process is between 20-l00psi. The plug 504 pops out of the pod 502 if the internal pressure exceeds 100 psi. To prepare the pod 502 for the plug 504, the second end 212 of the pod 502 is deep drawn (e.g., by stretching or forming the base dome of the can during manufacturing while also punching or drawing the hole out of the center with the forming dies) during manufacturing of the pod 502.

[0162] The plug 504 defines a central opening or recess 506 that receives the drive shaft from the lid 112 of the machine 100. The recess 506 is shaped to rotationally lock the grommet to the drive shaft 126. The plug 504 has flat surfaces that mate with the central opening or recess of the mixing paddle (not shown). The central opening or recess has the same flat surface configuration. The plug 504 rotates relative to the pod 502 when the motor and the drive shaft 126 engage the plug 504. In some grommets, the drive shaft penetrates the grommet to engage the paddle. The plug 504 accepts the drive shaft and engages the mixing paddle. Gas can be injected into the pod 150 through the grommet to maintaining pressure in the pod 150 during the refrigeration cycle and control the texture of the contents of the pod during the refrigeration cycle.

[0163] A variety of mixing paddles can be used with the pods described in this specification. The mixing paddles described with respect to the following figures can be used in any of the pods described in this specification. Generally, the mouth of the pod is smaller than the major diameter of the pod. The internal mixing paddle needs to be either flexible to squeeze smaller for entry thru the mouth of the can and expand large once in the can to be able to scrape the wall or the blades need to be slotted. In some cases, the blades of mixing paddles give rigidity to the thin wall pod during packaging and shipping and give outward structure to the pod when a clamshell evaporator closes against it. [0164] Figure 27 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 510 with three blades 512 that extend along the length of a central stem 514. The blades 512 define large openings 516 through which the contents of the pod 150 flow during mixing. The paddle 510 also includes a projection 518 that extends out of the second end 212 of the pod 150. As the second end 212 of the pod 150 is concave, the projection 518 is shorter than an upper lip of the pod 150. In some embodiments, the projection mates with a female drive shaft inserted into the pod rather than projecting out of the pod.

[0165] Figure 28 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 520 with three blades 522 that wind along the length of a central stem 524 at a pitch that varies with distance along an axis of the paddle. The blades 522 define large openings 525 that extend from a first end 526 of the blade 522 to a second end 528 of the blade 522. The pitch of the blades increases with distance from the first end 526 of the pod 150. The portions of the blades 522 with a shallow pitch remove frozen confection that otherwise would build up on the inner surface of the walls of the pod 150 during freezing. The portions of the blades 522 with a steeper pitch churn the frozen confection while lifting the frozen confection from the floor of the pod 150. The portions of the blades 522 with a steep pitch also presses the frozen confection out of the end 210 of the pod when rotated in the opposite direction and the first end 210 of the pod 150 is opened.

[0166] Figure 29 A is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 486. The paddle 486 has three helical blades 490 that have large openings 532 adjacent a stem 488 of the paddle 486. The angle of inclination of the blades 490 relative to a plane extending along an axis of pod 484 varies with distance from the end of the paddle. The outer edges of the blades 490 define slots 534 that can receive a rim of the pod 484 during assembly. The slots 534 extend into the blades 490 which produces a flexible blade 490. A flexible blade is beneficial during assembly of the pod as the neck of the pod is generally smaller in diameter than the diameter of the paddles.

[0167] Figure 29B is a schematic view illustrating insertion of the mixing paddle 486 into a pod 150. The slots 532 act as threads during manufacturing and allow a paddle with a wider diameter than the first neck 216 to enter the pod 150. As previously described with reference to Figures 6A and 6B, the pod 150 has a wider barrel 220 than mouth. The width of the paddle 486 touches or almost touches the sides of the barrel 220 to remove built up or frozen ingredients.

[0168] Figure 30A is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 540 that has three helical blades 542. A first end 454 of the blades 542 connect to a first unit 556 and the second end 548 of the blades 542 connect to a second unit 558. The first unit 546 and the second unit 550 have key-shaped openings that receive a central rod that is shaped to fit the openings. When the rod is received by the openings, the paddle 540 is rotationally coupled to the rod.

[0169] The paddle 540 is flexible and made of resilient material. The paddle 540 can be twisted clockwise to reduce the diameter of the paddle 540. The paddle 540 can be twisted counterclockwise to increase the diameter of the paddle 540. The paddle returns to the original diameter when the twisting force is removed. The diameter of the paddle 540 is typically larger than the diameter of the upper end DUE of the pod 150.

[0170] Figure 30B is a schematic view illustrating insertion of the mixing paddle 540 and a complimentary rod 652 into a pod. The paddle 540 is also a flexible and resilient paddle 540. The paddle 540 is manipulated to fit though the second neck 218 and the rod 652 is then inserted through the second neck 218 and the openings 552, 554. Inserting the rod 652 through the openings 552, 554 causes blades to expand and sit flush with pod walls. The rod 652 abuts the first end 210 of the pod 150. A recess 653 is defined in the end of the rod 652 that abuts the first end 210. The recess 653 is sized to receive and rotationally couple to the drive shaft 126.

[0171] Figure 31 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 560 that has three helical blades 562 that extend along the length of a central stem 564. Each blade 566 defines an upper opening 566 and a lower opening 568. The blades 562 increase in pitch as the blade 562 extends from an upper end 570 of the paddle 560 to a lower end 572 of the paddle 560. The blades 562 have protrusions 574 on edges of the blades 562. The protrusions 574 alternate to remove built up ingredients from the interior of the pod 150. The protrusions 574 are arranged such that the entire surface area of the barrel 220 is wiped or cleaned by the protrusions 574 of the three blades 562. [0172] Figure 32 A is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 578 that has two helical blades 580 that extend along the length of the central stem 581. The paddle 578 is substantially similar to the paddle 560. However, the paddle 578 has two blades rather than three blades 562. The blades 580 includes alternating notches 582 that cover the entire interior surface area of the barrel of the pod 150. The notches 582 perpendicularly project from edges of the blades 580. In some mixing paddles, the outer diameter of the mixing paddle is narrower at one end to increase the ease of insertion into the pod during assembly and to maintain the paddle is a concentric position within the pod during the refrigeration cycle.

[0173] Figures 32B and 32C are schematic views illustrating insertion of the mixing paddle 578 into a pod. The paddle 578 is worked into the pod 150 by wiggling the paddle 578 though the first neck 216 or by rotating the paddle through the first neck 216. Figure 30B shows the paddle 578 fully inserted into the pod 150. The plate 390 is attached to the first end 210 of the pod 150.

[0174] Figure 33 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 584 that has two helical blades 586 that extend along the length of the central stem 588. The paddle 584 is substantially similar to paddle 578. However, paddle 584 has angled notches 589 and angled notches 582. These notches help to facilitate the insertion of the paddle 584 into the pod without catching on a cornered notch.

[0175] In some mixing paddles, components are stamped in two or more pieces from flat aluminum sheet and fixably nested to achieve a mixing paddle with a central stem with mixing blades. Some mixing paddles are first stamped and then welded to produce a central stem.

[0176] Figure 34 A is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 590 that has two helical blades 592 that extend along the length of a central stem 594. The paddle 590 is otherwise substantially similar to the paddle 578. The paddle 578 can be formed from a single piece of sheet metal. The central stem is a stamped recess 596 for receiving the drive shaft 126.

[0177] Figures 34B - 34D are schematic views illustrating insertion of the mixing paddle 590 into a pod. The blades 592 are notched to help insertion into a pod 150 through the first neck 216. The blades 592 have alternating notches. This allows the paddle 578 to pass through the first neck 216 during manufacturing and maintain contact with the inner wall of the barrel 220. Some paddles 578 do not contact the inner wall of the barrel, but are sufficiently close to the inner wall of the barrel 220 to remove the ingredients of the pod that freeze and stick to the inner wall of the barrel 220. The paddle may be, for example, 5-500 microns away from the inner wall of the barrel 220.

[0178] Figure 35 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 600 that includes two helical blades 602 that extend along a central axis 604. The helical blades 602 have a uniform pitch. The paddle 600 is substantially similar to paddle 510, shown in Figure 28 A. However, paddle 600 is integrally formed with the second end 210 of the pod 150.

Paddle 600 has a smooth blade without notches. A projection 518 extends from the main stem of the paddle 510. Some paddles have a central opening or recess to receive the drive shaft 126 of the machine.

[0179] Figure 36A is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 606 that has three helical blades 608. A first end 610 of the blades 608 connect to a first unit 612 and the second end 614 of the blades 608 connect to a second unit 616. The first unit 612 and the second unit 616 have key-shaped openings 620, 622. The key-shaped openings 620, 622 receive a central rod (not shown) that is shaped to fit the openings 620, 622. When the rod is received by the openings 620, 622, the paddle 606 is rotationally coupled to the rod.

[0180] The paddle 606 is flexible and is made of resilient material. The paddle 606 can twist clockwise to reduce the diameter of the paddle 606. The paddle 606 can be twisted counterclockwise to increase the diameter of the paddle 606. The paddle returns to the original diameter when the twisting force is removed. The diameter of the paddle 606 is approximately larger than the diameter of the upper end DUE of the pod 150 and smaller than the diameter of the barrel DB of the pod 150.

[0181] In some paddles, the diameter of the central rod is larger than the diameter of the openings. Openings are made of either a resilient material and/or designed to expand when the central rod is inserted into the openings. When the central rod is inserted into the openings, the diameter of the paddle increases. [0182] Figures 36B - 36D are schematic views illustrating insertion of the mixing paddle 606 into a pod. The openings 620, 622 are sized to receive the complimentary rod 650. The rod 650 and the openings 620, 622 are shaped so that when the rod 650 engages the openings 622, 620 the rod 650 and paddle 606 are rotationally coupled. In Figure 36A, both the rod 650 and the paddle 606 are outside the pod 150. The paddle 606 is first inserted into the first end 210 of the pod 105. The paddle is flexible and can be manipulated (e.g. twisted or compressed) to fit through the second neck 218. Once the paddle 606 is inside the interior of the pod 150, as shown in Figure 36B, the rod 650 is inserted through the opening 620, 622. Figure 36C shows the paddle 606 and rod 650 within the interior of the pod. The rod 650 abuts the first end 210 of the pod 150. A recess 651 is defined in the end of the rod 650 that abuts the first end 210. The recess 651 is sized to receive and rotationally couple to the drive shaft 126.

[0183] Figure 37A is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 626 that includes three helical blades 628 that attach on a first end 630 to a central stem 632. A second end 634 of the blades 628 is free. The second ends 634 of the blades 628 are is easily compressed when the free ends of transverse mechanical forces are applied to the second ends 634 during manufacturing.

[0184] Figure 37B is a schematic view illustrating insertion of the mixing paddle 626 into a pod. To insert the paddle 626, the second end 634 blades 628 are pressed towards the central stem 632. The paddle 626 is inserted into the second neck 218 of the pod 150. Once in the pod 150, the blades 628 are released and return to their original diameter, which is equal to or slightly smaller than the diameter of the barrel DB.

[0185] Figure 38 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 636 that includes four bowed blades 638 that connect first end 642 to a first hub 644 and at a second end 646 to a second hub 648. The blades 638 are made of a resilient material deforms when force is applied to the top and bottom of the paddle. The bow of the blades 638 can increase when the ends of the paddle are pressed together. In the undeployed position, the blades 638 are slightly bowed. In the deployed position, the blades 638 bow out. The paddle 636 is inserted into the pod 150 in the undeployed position. When the paddle 636 is in the interior of the pod 150, a compressive force is applied to the first hub 644 of the paddle 363 and the blades 638 bow outwards. Some paddles include a lock that prevent the paddle from returning to the undeployed configuration. In some paddles, the compressive force permanently deforms the blades 638 into the deployed position.

[0186] Figure 39 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 633 with a head 635 that extends to sidewalls of the pod. The head 635 is disc-shaped and helps maintains the paddle 633 in concentric position with the pod. The paddle 633 is substantially similar to paddle 600 shown in Figure 28Ibut has a female connection 637 rather than a male protrusion. A driveshaft of a machine receiving the pod is inserted into the female connection 637 during use. The head 635 rotates as blades 639 rotate to chum the contents of the pod. This configuration increases the likelihood that the driveshaft remains sterile and does not contact the contents of the pod.

[0187] Figure 40 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 655 that has two helical blades 657 that extend along the length of a central stem. The paddle 655 can be formed from a single piece of sheet metal. The central stem is a stamped recess 661 for receiving the drive shaft 126. The stamped recess 661 has an upper section 663 and a lower section 665 that are stamped in a first direction. The stamped recess also has a middle section 667 that is stamped in a second direction, opposite the first direction. The stamping approach can provide reduced manufacturing costs relative to welding-based approaches.

[0188] Figure 41 is a perspective view of a mixing paddle 675 in the pod 150. The paddle 675 has a central stem 677 and a blade 679 that extends from the stem 677. The blade 679 has openings 68 land a notch 683 at a dispensing end 685 of the blade 679. When the paddle 675 rotates to mix the contents of the pod 150, the notch 783 scoops the contents of the pod from the bottom and prevents the contents at the bottom of the pod 150 freezing into ice.

[0189] A custom“filling head” is used to mate with, or altogether avoid, the mixing paddles during the filling process. This approach allows the filling head to enter into the pod and dispense liquid contents into the pod without splash up. Additionally, to account for the additional volume required for the confectionery overrun, there is more “headspace” (i.e., open space) left at the top of the pod then with a traditionally filled can. The filling process is adapted for this additional headspace during pressurization process. [0190] Figures 42A and 42B illustrate an approach to filling a pod 150 with ingredients. The manufacturing machinery 664 includes a spout 666 that has a first head 668, a second head 670, and a third head 672. The heads 668, 670, 672 are sized to fit between the blades 230 of the paddle. Figure 36A shows the spout 666 engaged with the pod 150. The heads 668, 670, 672 flow liquid ingredients into the pod 150. The spout 666 is a reversed funnel that fills the pods without being inserted into the pod. Once the spout 666 is removed from the first neck 216 of the pod 150, the pod 150 closed. The pod 150 is sterilized with ingredients 674 in the interior of the pod 150. Some pods are filled using a counter pressure filling system using a hose.

[0191] Some pods can be recycled. For example, some pods have a fully removable can end. After the freezing cycle is complete, the user removes the pod from the machine, removes the entire can end (can end includes the sub-component exit port mechanism), removes the plastic mixing paddle from the pod, and separates the plastic and metal components for easy recyclability.

[0192] Figures 43 A and 43B shows a pod with a removable internal paddle 680.

The removable paddle 680 is substantially similar to the paddle 626 shown in Figure 37A. However, the removable paddle 680 is removable from the pod 150. The user removes a lid 682 of the second end 212 of the pod 150. The lid 682 can be removed, for example by the techniques and configuration shown in Figures 43A and 43B. Opening the first end 210 of the pod 150 exposes the removable paddle 680. The user then grabs the paddle 680 by a first end 684 of the paddle 680. A second end 686 of the paddle 680 compresses to exit through the second neck 218. The paddle can be reused in a different pod or reused within the same pod.

[0193] Figures 44A and 44B show a pod with an upper casing 690 for storing toppings 692. The upper casing 690 includes a first opening 694 and a second opening 696 that provides a conduit between the interior of the pod 150 and an interior 698 of the casing 690. A rotatable plate 700 covers the openings 694, 696 and prevents the toppings 692 from mixing with the contents of the pod 150. In the final stages of freezing, for example 10 second prior to dispensing, the plate 700 is rotated and a first aperture 702 of the plate 700 aligns with the first opening 694. A second aperture 704 of the plate 700 aligns with the second opening 696. The toppings 692 fall into and are mixed with the contents of the pod 150 and are dispensed with the contents of the pod 150. Figure 38 A shows chocolate chips as a topping. Some other toppings includes sprinkles, cookie crumps, syrups, jellies, fruit pieces, freeze dried fruit pieces, batters, creams, or small or crushed candies. The plate 700 can be coupled to the driveshaft extending from the lid such that the plate rotates to its open position when the driveshaft starts to rotate the mixing paddle.

[0194] Figures 45 A and 45B show a gas-releasing disk 710 housed, respectively, in a paddle and in a pod. Figure 45A shows the paddle 510 of Figure 28A having a hollow central stem 712. The central stem 712 is made of a gas permeable material. The gas-releasing disk 710 releases gas when the pod 150 is opened. Opening the pod 150 releases pressurized gas initially stored in the pod 150. Depressurizing the pod 150 generates a pressure difference. The gas from the gas-releasing disk 710 flows out of the disk and into the contents of the pod 150 due to the pressure difference. Figure 45B shows a pod 150 the gas-releasing disk 710 disposed at the first end 210 of the pod 150.

[0195] In both configurations, the gas-releasing disk 710 slowly releases a gas into the ingredients of the pod 150 while the paddle 510 rotates and the evaporator 108 chills the ingredients. Slowly releasing gas into the ingredients while freezing creates a beverage or food product with velvety, lofty, smooth texture with desirable overrun. The gas-releasing disk 710 may release nitrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, argon, or a combination of these gases.

[0196] In some machines, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, argon or a combination of these gases are pumped into the pod via the drive shaft and/or mixing paddle during the refrigeration process. A portion of this gas (e.g., nitrogen) may be diverted to

refrigeration system of the machine (e.g., the evaporator) to for chilling and/or freezing purposes.

[0197] Figures 46A, 46B, and 46C are, respectively, a perspective cutaway view, a side view, and an exploded view of a stack 720 of bases 162 during manufacturing. The base 162 is previously described with reference to Figure 8. The base 162 includes an outer shelf 722, an inner shelf 724, a circumferential valley 726, the protrusion 165, and a flat area 728. The base 162 is proportioned so that when stacking, the outer shelf 722 of a base 162 abuts the outer shelf 722 of a different base 162 and the inner shelf 724 of the base 162 abuts the inner shelf 724 of another base 162. The protrusion 165 is a height HA from the flat portion 128. HB is the height between the flat area 728 of a base 162 and the flat are 128 of another base 162 stacked on the initial base 162. The height HA is equal to or smaller than the height HB. This configuration help prevent the stack 720 of bases 162 from leaning or tilting during manufacturing. The stack of bases 162 are used in a manufacturing line to close the open ends of can bodies after the can bodies have been filled.

[0198] The pods and accompanied components described in this specification may be made to be either single-use disposable system or reusable systems.

[0199] A number of embodiments of these systems and methods have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.