FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[1] State-of-the-art propulsion means are symmetric open-systems whereby Newton's Third Law applies. Such propulsion-means relay either on the friction generated between two contacting surfaces (i.e. wheel rolling on road), or on substance expulsion for creating a directed momentum (i.e. rocket, propeller).

[2] This invention addresses a new kind of asymmetric closed-system propulsion that would exploit the time-delay τ, which according to the principles of relativity would be necessary to a primary electromagnetic field (Primary) generated at a given location to reach a secondary circuit (Secondary) located at a distance from said location.

[3] The time lapse needed by an asymmetric field to achieve symmetiy is here defined as "electromagnetic field-expanding time-delay t".

[4] This invention teaches that the Primary develops an electromagnetic force FP which does not impinge on the Primary when propagating recoil-free for a time τ until it reaches and interacts with the Secondary, when the conditions for enacting a reacting force of equal magnitude and opposed direction that will act on the Primary-Secondary system as postulated by Newton's Third Law are accomplished.

[5] The time-delay τ is an inverse function of the Primary electromagnetic-field

propagation-speed, hereinafter τ propagation, which tends to equal the light velocity here denoted by the letter c.

[6] During its τ propagation, the Primary's proprieties are ruled by the Principles of

Relativity thus not-compatible with Newton's Third Law. In fact, any electromagnetic or magnetic field-generator is an asymmetric system for as long as its generated field did not reach a circuit in which an oppositely vectored field is induced. The same would apply for two or more expanding electromagnetic or magnetic fields that are asymmetric systems until they reach and interact with each other whereby the condition of symmetry is achieved.

[7] The scope of this invention rests on the postulated phenomenology of electromagnetic asymmetric systems that would not abide by Newton's Third Law.

[8] The electromagnetic field expanding time-delay would be exploitable at any distance

R between the two coils so that: R/c≠0 and as big as possible.

[9] The simplest way to create a practical application of this new concept would consist in using two conducting wire-loops disposed at a known distance from each other, whereby an electric time-independent current Il(t) = II caused in one of these loops designated as "primary coil" would electromagnetically interact with the other of these loops designated as "secondary coil" that would circulate a current configured so as to exploit the time delay inherent to completing an asymmetric unitary "Primary-Secondary" system. This invention teaches that by providing the "secondary coil" with a uniform second derivative current I2(t) = ½Ϊ2 t ^A 2/(t_c ^A 2 ) calculated on that of the "primary coil" would make possible the creation of an asymmetric system of unreacted forces in contradiction to Newton's Third Law, so that a non-null resultant (F >0) will act during about the time span τ on the two-loops system.

[10] This invention would therefore consist in providing for an asymmetric system of forces being practically achieved by having a permanent primary current interacting with a secondary current created in a secondary coil by a pulsating, t-dependent current which has a non-zero second derivative.

[11] Thus, in one preferred application of this invention, the "primary" current remains constant (as in a permanent magnet), while the "secondary" current is pulsated on and off at τ intervals that may vary in short durations such as nano-seconds to pico-seconds and beyond, depending on the geometrical parameters of the "Primary-Secondary" system.

[12] In the light of the mathematical analysis that was made, this invention teaches that the magnitude of the non-reacted force FP is proportional to the square of τ, and directly proportional to N1N2 and 1112, where Nl, N2 and II, 12 are the respective number of turns and current units in the "primary" and "secondary" coils.

[13] BRIEF ESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[14] Drawing 1 represents the generation of an Electro-Magnetic Field (EMF) by an

electric charge (electron) moving along a coiled conductor and its Permanent Magnet equivalent;

[15] Drawing 2 represents two electromagnetic coils located at a distance from each other;

[16] Drawing 3 shows the asymmetric force generated under the teachings of this

invention by the interaction of a Primary-Secondary System;

[17] Drawing 4 shows the asymmetric force generated by the interaction of a Permanent

Magnet Field with a Secondary Coil that creates the time delay "τ" effect by pulsating its field as by the teachings of this invention;

[18] Drawing 5 shows the interacting currents flowing in different coil shapes used as by the teachings of this invention;

[ 19] DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[20] This invention has two embodiment options:

[21] A "primary" coil disposed in the proximity of a "secondary" coils system that may comprise one or more coils.

[22] A permanent magnet that would replace the "primary" coil, disposed in the proximity of a "secondary" coils system comprising one or more coils.

[23] The first embodiment is represented by Fig. 2 where coils CI and C2 are fitted in a frame, whereby CI generates a permanent electromagnetic field as shown in Fig. 1, while C2 is pulsating its field by means of the Ultrafast Switch US.

[24] The Ultrafast Pulsation of the electromagnetic field generated by coil C2 creates conditions similar to those developed by a system of remotely located Primary and Secondary coils wherefrom the time necessary for the electromagnetic field produced by Primary coil CI to interact with that of Secondary coil C2 would have been long enough to provide for an asymmetric system of forces as depicted in Fig. 3 where SI is the primary power source, S2 is the secondary power source, FP is the electromagnetic force produced by Primary coil CI, FS is the electromagnetic source produced by Secondary coil C2, and R≠ 0 is the resultant occurring over delayed-time τ .

[25] The Primary and Secondary coils may have any suitable geometry as exemplified in Fig. 5, without adversely affecting the attributes of this invention as above described.

[26] The second embodiment that replaced primary coil CI with a permanent magnet as shown in Fig. 4, achieves the interaction of the permanent field of a magnet with that of a secondary coil which carries a suitable magnitude current of the second derivative of that that would have had created the magnet's field in a given coil. The secondary coil is pulsated for generating a time dependent electromagnetic field. The symbols of Fig. 3 were conserved in Fig. 4.

[27] Ultrafast Switches are commercially available as nanosecond pulse generators. Such US which provide kiloampere pulses, are required for applications with pulsed lasers, electro-optical devices, electron heating of plasmas, and bio-electrics, and include high-pressure spark gaps, photoconductive switches, and semiconductor opening switches. Most of the pulse generators based on these switch technologies are designed for high voltage, high power applications and are eminently suitable to the teachings of this invention.

[28] Two US concepts were explored for the purposes of this invention:

[29] MOSFET triggered micro-spark Marx-Bank, and

[30] A combined micro-spark-semiconductor switch-system that are simple, inexpensive nanosecond pulse generators.

[31] The above compact pulse generators allow for electrical pulses of less than 10 ns at amplitudes of several kV.

[32] The Mini Marx Bank has been shown to provide 6 kV pulses of 6 ns duration into a

10 ΜΩ load and 2 kV into a 50 Ω load.

[33] The "micro-spark switch" that uses a commercially available diode to shorten the pulse can provide 2.6 kV of 2 ns duration into a 50 Ω load.

[34] The low cost and compactness of the very simple Mini Marx-Bank generator makes this device appropriate for nanosecond pulsed-power devices.