TORRES TERRY LEE (US)
TORRES TERRY LEE (US)
US20020019584A1 | 2002-02-14 | |||
US5394879A | 1995-03-07 | |||
US6466125B1 | 2002-10-15 | |||
US3902478A | 1975-09-02 |
What is claimed is: 1. A remote cardiac arrest monitor comprising: a transmitter including pulse rate sensing means for producing an electrical signal representing a human pulse rate; amplifier means connected to said pulse rate sensing means for amplifying said electrical signal; comparator means with hysteresis connected to said amplifier means for generating a pulsed output signal representing each beat of said human pulse; transmitter microcontroller means connected to said comparator means for determining the pulse rate of said human pulse and for comparing said pulse rate against predetermined high and low values for said pulse rate and for generating an output signal if said pulse rate is outside said predetermined values; radio frequency transmitter means connected to said microcontroller means for transmitting said microcontroller means output signal to a remote station; power supply means connected to supply electrical power to said transmitter; and means at said remote station for providing an alarm indication. 2. The remote cardiac arrest monitor of claim 1 wherein said remote station alarm indication mean includes radio frequency receiver means for receiving said transmitter microcontroller means output signal transmitted by said transmitting means; receiver microcontroller means connected to said receiver means for generating an output alarm control signal; a plurality of output alarms connected to said microcontroller means for providing an alarm indication; disarm and reset control means connected to said microcontroller means for disabling said alarms; and power supply means connected to supply electrical power to said remote station alarm indication means |
3. A remote cardiac arrest monitor comprising a transmitting station being removeably attached to a patient and a receiving station remote from said transmitting station for providing alarm indications if the patient's pulse rate is outside predetermined limits; said transmitting station including pulse rate determining means coupled to the patient's skin for providing an electrical output signal representing the patient's pulse rate; amplifier means attached to said pulse rate determining means for amplifying said electrical output signal; comparator means attached to said amplifier means for converting the output of said amplifier means to a pulse rate signal; microcontroller means connected to said comparator means for generating an output signal if said pulse rate signal is outside predetermined high and low limits; transmitter means connected to said microcontroller means for transmitting said output signal to said receiving station; receiver means at said receiver station for receiving said transmitted signal; microcontroller means connected to said receiver means for generating an output alarm signal; and alarm indication means connected to said microcontroller means for providing visual and audible alarm indications at said receiving station. |
(f) The Power Supply f is simply the unit's power source. The unit may be designed to operate on as little as 3 volts or as high as 9 volts. Batteries of these specifications are readily available on the consumer market.
Receiver Alert Station:
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an individual Receiver Alert Station. It includes: (a) RF Receiver Module; (b) Micro-controller; (c) Output Control Interface Components; (d) Disarm/Reset Control; and (e) Power Supply.
Circuit Block Description: (a) The RF Receiver Module a is a commercially available device designed to facilitate wireless Micro-controller communication links. The module receives and demodulates the RF carrier wave propagated by the matching RF Transmitter module. The module provides the actual binary intelligence encoded upon the carrier wave, to the input of the proceeding micro-controller.
(b) The Micro-controller in this application simply serves as the RF Receiver Module's serial data transmission processor and output initiation control device. The Micro-controller essentially awaits an RF transmission from the pulse rate monitor transmitter unit (bearing the proper alert activation code), to respond by opening/ closing universal interface relays, switch On auxiliary power output interfaces, and drive internal warning buzzers and lamps.
(c) The Output Control Interface Components are the actual components used to facilitate auxiliary control over external systems and devices. These components can be as simple as the common relay used to trigger alarm systems or they may be power transistors used to power external devices.
(d) The Disarm/Reset Control is a push button switch, which can disarm and reset the unit at any time it is pressed.
(e) The Power Supply is the unit's power source. Since the receiver alert station can be located anywhere within the dwelling place of the subject, the unit may be powered by a standard 12-volt regulated wall transformer power supply. Micro-controller Software: The instruction set of the software used in this system gives this technology its personality. As with any complex system, custom software must be written to meet the particular needs of the application for which it will be used. Whereby, the particular software solution used for a particular application will vary from the needs of one application to that of another. No one software program can be written to meet the innumerable needs under which this application will operate. Micro controllers, input/ output (I/O) interface hardware, and their software solutions are not new inventions requiring a detailed explanation as to their operation or feasibility. Further, the power of their processing capabilities is clearly well beyond the trivial demands posed by this application. As a result, a specific instruction set for micro-controller use shall not be specified herein, and the instruction set shall be referred to herein in generically descriptive terms. The software will always incorporate common command structures. Pulse Rate Monitor Micro-controller Software: A generalized application uses a program that instructs the micro-controller to begin a 1 -minute timing interval and count the number of individual pulses generated by the Bio-Sensor Detector circuitry present at one of the micro-controller's input pins. Upon the elapse of the 1-minute timing mark the software would instruct the micro-controller to stop counting and store the counted value for subsequent comparison purposes. The software would now instruct the micro-controller to compare the actual counted value against a fixed low programmed value (60 bpm) and a fixed high programmed value (180 bpm) and generate a caution flag only if the actual counted value is found to be less than the low programmed value or above the high programmed value. The software would next instruct the micro-controller to check an assigned register for the presence of a caution flag. If a caution flag is present, the software instructs the micro-controller to power the RF Transmitter module and transmit an encoded alert activation code. The software may instruct the micro-controller to continuously re-transmit this distress signal in short intervals until such time as the unit is manually shut down. However, if no caution flag exists the micro-controller would conclude this sampling cycle and reset. The software would then initiate the repeated commencement of new sampling/ processing cycles, checking for caution flags upon completion of each cycle.
Receiver Alert Station Micro-controller Software: A generalized application may simply use a program that instructs the micro¬ controller to poll the input pin coupled to the RF Receiver Module for the presence of a serial formatted start bit. The software would instruct the micro-controller to do nothing until a start bit is received. At this time the output interfaces are quiescent and all alert signaling devices inactive. When a start bit is polled at the input pin of the micro-controller, the software would instruct the micro-controller to begin shifting in the serial data bit string received. Upon completion of the transmission, the software would instruct the micro-controller to compare the data string value received against a fixed value stored in memory. If the received value is equal to the stored value, the software would activate a 10-second (optional) warning buzzer that alerts inhabitants that a full alert activation state will be initiated if the system is not immediately manually reset. If after 10-seconds (optional) the system is not manually reset, the software will instruct the micro-controller to power all peripheral components (interfaced to the micro-controller's Input/output pins) in a latched On condition. This state would persist until a manually activated reset command was initiated. However, if the serial data bit string received does not equal the fixed value stored in memory, the software would instruct the micro-controller to reset and await the reception of the next start bit. This cycle would continue indefinitely. Pulse Rate Monitor Transmitter, schematic: FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the pulse rate monitor transmitter of FIG. 1. Component Description: 1. Component BC, SWl, REG, C3, C4, and C5, form the unit's power supply circuitry. BC is a 9-volt battery clip, SWl is the On/Off switch, REG is a 5-volt regulator and components C3, C4, and C5 are the regulator's filtering capacitors. 2. Component LEDl is an infrared emitting diode. Components Ql, Q2, Rl, R2 and LEDl form the Infrared LED driver circuit which features a constant current source configuration which aids in facilitating a constant luminous output. Components LEDl and PT form a reflective infrared photosensor. 3. Component PT is an infrared phototransistor. Components PT, Q3, and R3 form a high gain Darlington configured infrared amplifier. The output of this amplifier is directly proportionate to the intensity of the infrared light to which it is exposed. Components LEDl and PT form a reflective infrared photosensor. 4. Components 1st half Op- Amp 1, and Rl 2 form a conventional buffer amplifier which isolates the output load of the Darlington configured infrared amplifier and provide drive to the proceeding amplifier stage. 5. Component Cl is an input coupling capacitor which blocks DC voltages at the amplifiers input terminal. Also creates a high-pass filter with component R4 at: fc = 1/(2x3.14xC7xR4). 6. Component R4, R5, C8 and 2nd half Op-Amp 1 form an inverting amplifier. The gain of this amplifier is set at: Av = (R5/R4) Components R5 and C8 also create a low-pass filter which bandwidth limits the amplifier and prevents high frequency oscillation bursts. Fc - 1/(2x3.14xC8xR5). 7. Components R6, R7 and 1st half Op- Amp 2 form a Comparator with Hysteresis. 8. Components R8, R9, and RlO form a resistive bias string for the amplifier comprised of by the 2nd half Op-Amp 1 and the Comparator comprised of by the 1st half Op-Amp 2. This bias string biases the output of the amplifier below the trigger threshold of the comparator forcing the output of the Comparator low in its quiescent state, and of which is switch high momentarily during active pulse detection. 9. Components PICl, Yl, Rl 1, and Cl form the micro-controller circuitry. The micro-controller is responsible for signal processing. 10. Components TX and C2 are the RF Transmitter module and power supply bypass capacitor. The module herein described is an AM modulated transmitter that pulses its propagated carrier wave ON and OFF in direct accordance with the digital state inputted to its DATA pin. Circuit Operation Description: The operation of the pulse rate monitor transmitter circuit is as follows. SWl is the units On/Off Switch. By closing this switch 5-volt regulated power will be applied throughout the circuit, sourced from a standard 9-volt Nickel Cadmium Rechargeable Battery. The circuit will be energized and the micro-controller will begin to execute its program. Components Rl, R2, Ql, Q2, LEDl and PT, Q3, R3 form a reflective infrared heartbeat transducer assembly. The Heartbeat Transducer uses changes in the skins reflectivity caused by blood density changes produced by the subjects heartbeat to modulate the reflected source of Infrared light that is detected by a phototransistor implemented in a Darlington amplifier configuration. The phototransistor/amplifier circuit converts these light fluctuations into corresponding voltage variations. Whereby, when the heart beats, the blood density of the skin enhances reflectivity and increases the intensity of the reflected light source and the quiescent voltage appearing at the collector of Q3 swings low in response. After a brief moment the blood density dissipates, the skin's reflectivity decreases, and the signal voltage appearing at the collector of Q3 returns to its higher quiescent value. In summary, each time the heart beats the voltage at the collector of Q3 swings low and as the blood density dissipates between beats the voltage at the collector of Q3 returns to its quiescent value. Moments after the subject's heart beats, the heartbeat transducer detects the skins enhanced reflectivity and the voltage at the collector of Q3 swings low. The buffer amplifier consisting of the composition surrounding 1st half Op- Amp 1 follows the voltage swing and couples the falling signal into the input of the inverting amplifier consisting of the composition surrounding 2nd half Op-Amp 1. The output of the amplifier is biased below the trigger threshold of the proceeding Comparator state and holds the output of the Comparator low in its quiescent state. The signal is amplified and the output of the amplifier swings high tripping the threshold of the Comparator and in return forcing the comparator's output to switch high abruptly. The blood dissipates shortly after the initial thrust of the cardiac output and the skin's reflectivity begins to lessen. The voltage at the collector of Q3 begins to rise toward its quiescent level. The amplifier output begins to fall below the trip threshold of the comparator stage. The Comparator output abruptly returns to its quiescent low state. These events take place each time the subject's heart beats. In summary, each time the subject's heart beats the output of the comparator abruptly swings high until the blood density dissipates prior to the proceeding cardiac output (heart beat) and forces the output of the comparator to return to its quiescent low state. Whereby, the process repeats itself with every heart beat. The micro-controller begins a timing interval of know duration. At the commencement of this timing interval the micro-controller enables its input RBO pin and begins to poll pin 1J6 for a change of Comparator output state. When the output state of the Comparator switches high, the micro-controller detects the change of state and assigns the event a value of one. This value is stored in a register. Each subsequent change of state from low to high is likewise detected and assigned a value of 1 and added to the previous value stored in register and the product of these additions are returned to register. This process is equivalent to counting the number of events and storing the total. Upon the elapse of this time interval the final value stored in register is compared against a low and high value stored in memory. These low and high values are the programmed values representative of normal cardiac activity with respect to the timing interval implemented. If the measured value is found to be below or above the low and high programmed values stored in program memory the micro-controller will shift out an 8-bit binary security code sequences through RAO pin ^f17 interfaced to the RF Transmitter Module enable/disable pin labeled: DATA. Whereby, the RF Transmitter will propagate a carrier wave encode with the intelligence of the 8-bit binary security code sequence. However, if the measured value is found to be between the low and high programmed values stored in memory the microcontroller will reset and begin a new sampling cycle. The process repeats after each uneventful cycle - indefinitely. Receiver Alert Station, schematic: FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the Receiver Alert Station. Component Description: 1. JK, SWl, REG, Cl, C2, C3, R8, and LEDl form the unit's 5 Volt power supply control circuitry and power status indicator lamp. This device is powered by a standard 12-volt wall transformer. 2. Components RX, C4, and ANT consists of a commercially available RF Receiver Module compatible with Microcontroller interface. This device incorporates all of the RF detection, amplification, heterodyne, and signal processing hardware required to decode the intelligence carried within the RF carrier wave and reproduce the actual sequential binary format encoded at the transmitter. 3. Components PIC2, Yl, C5, Rl, R2, and SW2 form the Receiver Alert Station's Microcontroller decision making and control circuitry. 4. Q3, R6, R7, LED2, and PB form the receiver's internal warning alert indicators consisting of a 98 dB Piezo Buzzer and an LED indicator lamp. 5. Components Ql, Q4, Dl, R3, R5, R9, and C6 form the receivers switchable auxiliary power output, capable of driving external loads of up to 10OmA at 5 volts. 6. Components Q2, R4, and RLY form the receiver's auxiliary output switch capable of controlling externally interfaced loads and/or triggering alarm systems, telephone dialing and automated message playback machines, etc. Circuit Operation Description: The operation of the Receiver Alert Station circuit shown in FIG. 4 is as follows: SWl is the unit's On/Off Switch. By closing this switch 5-volt regulated power will be distributed throughout the circuit. When power is distributed throughout the entire circuit, LEDl will illuminate. The circuit will be energized and the microcontroller will begin to execute its program. The RF Receiver Module, RX, awaits signaling from the pulse rate monitor transmitter. In this quiescent state the receiver's output remains in a low state (equivalent to binary 0). When the receiver detects active signaling from the Transmitter it automatically demodulates the carrier wave and extracts the binary security code sequence encoded upon the wave and presents this intelligence in serial format to the output pin of the device which is coupled to the input of the microcontroller through pin ^f18 (RAl). A binary 1 would be represented by the output swinging high and a binary 0 represented by a low state output. The 10-second Warning Delay Signaling feature (explained below is comprised of components Q3, R6, R7, PB and LED2. When output pin 11 (RB5) is in a low state, no current can flow into the base of the Darlington transistor Q3, essentially keeping the switch in an Off state. Whereby, the piezo buzzer PB and LED2 remain in a cut Off state. When output pin 11 (RB5) is caused by the microcontroller to switch to a high state, current begins to flow into the base of the Darlington transistor Q3, essentially switching the switch completely On and driving the collector to a low state, whereby, the piezo buzzer PB and LED2 begin to sound and illuminate as power is applied to both which are in parallel with each other and in series with the collector to the positive supply. If the output pin is caused to switch On and Off once or twice a second, the piezo buzzer would begin to generate a pulsating tone and LED2 would be seen to flash. The Auxiliary Power Output is comprised of components Ql, Q4, R3, R5, R9, Dl, C6, T4 and T5. When output pin 10 (RB4) is in a low state, no current can flow into the base of the Darlington transistor Ql, essentially keeping the switch in an Off state, whereby, the collector of Ql remains at the positive supply voltage which in turn keep the base of Q4 unbiased. The unbiased state of Q4 disables the collector and no voltage appears at the terminals of the Auxiliary Power Output (across Interface Terminals T4 and T5). When output pin 10 (RB4) is switched to a high state by the microcontroller, current begins to flow into the base of the Darlington transistor Ql, essentially switching the switch full On. Whereby, the collector of Ql is driven into a low state biasing the base of Q4 through resistor R9. Current begins to flow into the base of Q4 essentially switching the switch hard On and driving the collector to a high state. The biased state of Q4 enables the collector and the full power supply voltage (minus the transistors saturation voltage) appears across the terminals of the Auxiliary Power Output (Interface Terminals T4 and T5). When the Microcontroller switches the output from high to low, the power appearing across the terminals of the Auxiliary Power Output disappears, and power is cut Off. The Auxiliary Output Control Switch is comprised of components Q2, R4, RLY, and Interface terminals Tl, T2, and T3. When output pin 12 (RB6) is in a low state, no current can flow into the base of the Darlington transistor Q2, essentially keeping the switch in an OfF state, whereby, the Relay switch RLY remains in a cut OfF state. Terminals T2 and Tl remain in a closed state and terminals T2 and T3 remain in an open state. When output pin 12 (RB6) is caused by the microcontroller to switch to a high state, current begins to flow into the base oFthe darlington transistor Q2, essentially switching the switch hard On and driving the collector to a low state. Whereby, full supply power is placed directly across the Relay switch, RLY, Forcing the contacts to close. Terminals T2 and Tl switch to an open state and terminals T2 and T3 switch to a closed state. At start up, Microcontroller PIC2 continuously polls the input sourced by the output oF the RF Receiver Module. When the input pin (pin ^18 RAl) is polled and Found not to contain an active high start bit, the systems output alert Features remain inactive. When the microcontroller polls the input pin and detects a start bit, represented by the output oFthe RF Module output switching to a high state, the system begins to shift in the binary intelligence at the programmed transmission rate. After shifting in the binary intelligence, the microcontroller compares the binary value oFthe received transmission against a programmed binary security code quantity stored in program memory. IFthe received binary value is not equal to the stored security code quantity, than the microcontroller disregards this transmission as noise, resets, begins to re-poll the input line continuously, and takes no further action. However, iFthe received value is equal to the stored security code quantity, than the microcontroller activates the units internal 10-second (optional) warning delay (with respect to full system activation). The 10-second (optional) warning delay consisting oFthe activation oFthe unit's internal piezo buzzer PB and illumination oFlamp LED2. The microcontroller initiates this Feature by switching output pin |11, RB5, to a high state. Next, during the 10-second (optional) warning delay period the microcontroller begins to poll pin Tf17 (RAO) which functionally serves as an active systems reset input. If switch SW2 is pressed any time during the 10-second warning delay period, the system will reset and the microcontroller will begin to poll the input from the Receiver Module for another transmission containing the proper security code sequence, and no further action shall be taken by the microcontroller. However, if switch SW2 is not pressed by the elapse of the 10-second warning delay interval, the microcontroller will activate both the Auxiliary Power Output (Q4), and the Auxiliary Output Switch (RLY), instantly triggering whatever alert devices were interfaced by these control ports. The microcontroller initiates these features by simultaneously switching pins IfIO (RB4) and If18 (RB6) to a high state. Cosmetic Packaging: The Pulse Rate Monitor Transmitter assembly can be packaged within a standard ABS plastic enclosure with a built in 9-volt battery compartment of 79mm x 57mm x 23mm dimensions. The unit may be secured about the subject's lower leg (or alternative extremity), by the use of a 79mm wide elastic-band-strap having parted ends that are secured by a Hook and Loop fastener system to hold the enclosure beneath the band's tension. This will allow a stable carrier medium which facilitates the means by which to have direct reflective photodetection of the subjects skin surface through the photosensor module's reflective beam port being internally positioned above a hole machined through the enclosures surface to be oriented skin contact side down. The enclosure's texture, color, and the exact enclosure positioning of the On/Off switch (the only user control) is not critical and optional. The Receiver Alert Station can be packaged within a standard table-top ABS plastic enclosure of 120mm x 90mm x 30mm dimensions. The enclosures texture, color, physical positioning of the units On/Off switch, Reset Switch, Piezo Buzzers sound escape hole, LEDl, LED2, Power Jack, Antenna, and Interface Block Terminals are not critical and are all optional. A list of the components of FIGS. 2 and 4 are provided on the following pages. Parts Identifier List R-CAM Bio-Transmitter.
The following parts may be purchased from the following source
DIGI-KEY 701 Brooks Ave. South P.O. Box 677 Thief River Falls, MN 56701-0677 1-800-344-4539
Sym. Part No. Description
OP-AMPl LM358AM-ND Low Power Dual Op-Amp 0P-AMP2 LM358AM-ND Low Power Dual Op-Amp PIC PIC16F84-04I/S0-ND 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller TX TX-66-ND RF Transmitter Board 310MHz Yl X902-ND 4 Mhz Ceramic Resonator LEDl 160-1028-ND Infrared Diode Vf=I.2 If=50mA PT 160-1030-ND Photo Transistor REG LM2931AZ-5.0-ND 5 Volt Positive Regulator Ql 2N3904-ND NPN Transistor (2N3904SM) Q2 2N3904-ND NPN Transistor (2N3904SM) Q3 2N3904-ND NPN Transistor (2N3904SM) Rl P-IOK-GCT-ND 1OK Ohm 5% Chip Resistors R2 P-130-GCT-ND 130 Ohm 5% Chip Resistors R3 P-IOK-GCT-ND 1OK Ohm 5% Chip Resistors R4 P-I.OK-GCT-ND 1.0K Ohm 5% Chip Resistors R5 P-I.OM-GCT-ND 1.0M Ohm 5% Chip Resistors R6 P-I.OK-GCT-ND 1.0K Ohm 5% Chip Resistors R7 P-I.OM-GCT-ND 1.0M Ohm 5% Chip Resistors R8 P-I.OM-GCT-ND 1.0M Ohm 5% Chip Resistors R9 P-IOOK-GCT-ND IOOK Ohm 5% Chip Resistors RlO P-I.OM-GCT-ND 1.0M Ohm 5% Chip Resistors RIl P-IOK-GCT-ND 1OK Ohm 5% Chip Resistors R12 P-IOK-GCT-ND 1OK Ohm 5% Chip Resistors Cl PCF1046CT-ND .01 Microfarad Film Capacitor C2 PCF1046CT-ND .01 Microfarad Film Capacitor C3 PCF1046CT-ND .01 Microfarad Film Capacitor C4 PCF1046CT-ND .01 Microfarad Film Capacitor C5 P5578-ND 10 Microfarad Electro. Cap. C-6 PCF1046CT-ND .01 Microfarad Film Capacitor C7 P1168-ND 220 Microfarad Bi-Polar Cap. C8 PCF1012CT-ND .001 Microfarad Film Capacitor SWl EG1847-ND Right Angle PC Mount Slide Switch BC 9-Volt Battery Contacts ENC SRM6A-ND M6 Series Plastic Enclosure Parts Identifier List R-CAM Receiver Unit.
The following parts may be purchased from the following source
DIGI-KEY 701 Brooks Ave. South P.O. Box 677 Thief River Falls, MN 56701-0677 1-800-34A-4539
S yrn . Part No . Description
RX RE-n6-ND RF Receiver Board 3110MHz PIC PIC16F84-04I/S0-ND 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller Yl X902-ND 4 Mhz Ceramic Resonator REG LM2931AZ-5.0-ND 5 Volt Positive Regulator LEDl 160-1144-ND Green Colored LED T-I 2.1 2OmA LED2 160-1139-ND Red Colored LED T-I 2.1 2OmA Dl 1N5817DICT-ND Schottky Barrier Rectifier Ql MPSA14-ND NPN Darlington Transistor Q2 . MPSA14-ND NPN Darlington Transistor Q3 MPSA14-ND NPN Darlington Transistor Q4 MPSA14-ND NPN Darlington Transistor Rl 10KQBK-ND 10k Resistor 5% Carbon R2 10KQBK-ND 10k Resistor 5% Carbon R3 10KQBK-ND 10k Resistor 5% Carbon R4 10KQBK-ND 10k Resistor 5% Carbon R5 10KQBK-ND 10k Resistor 5% Carbon R6 10KQBK-ND 10k Resistor 5% Carbon R7 100QBK-ND 100 Resistor 5% Carbon R8 130QBK-ND 130 Resistor 5% Carbon R9 130QBK-ND 4.7K Resistor 5% Carbon Cl P3488-ND 0.10 Microfarad Polypropylene Cap C2 P3488-ND 0.10 Microfarad Polypropylene Cap C3 P5517-ND 100 Microfarad Electrolytic Cap C4 P3488-ND 0.10 Microfarad Polypropylene Cap C5 P3488-ND 0.10 Microfarad Polypropylene Cap C6 P3488-ND 0.10 Microfarad Polypropylene Cap RLY HE112-ND SPDT Relay JK CP-002APJ-ND Male Panel Mount Power Jack ENC2 SR031A-ND 82.55x111.25x22.86mm Enclosure Tl-5 CBB102-ND 2 Contact Barrier Block PB P9948-ND Piezo Audio Signal Device SWl CKN1189-ND Push Button Toggle Switch SW2 CKN1189-ND Push Button Momentary Switch WT T506-ND AC-DC Wall Tranormer 12n-Volt 500m ANT Further modifications to the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; accordingly, what is sought to be protected is set forth in the appended claims.
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