TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present subject matter relates, in general, to health management, and, particularly, to remote mental health management.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Mental illness refers to a wide range of mental health conditions including depression, anxiety, burnout, and other emotional concerns. Patients suffering from mental illness contacts mental health professionals seeking counselling, medication consultation, and guidance. The mental health professionals and medical therapists involved in treatment of psychiatric illness and disorders include psychotherapists, psychiatrists, and psychologists, who implement a comprehensive assessment of psychological, medical, social, and biological causes of mental illness. Based on the assessment and evaluation, the mental health professionals provide diagnosis and treatment to the patient, either through counselling, medication, or both.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0003] The features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will be better understood with regard to the following description and accompanying figures. The use of the same reference number in different figures indicates similar or identical features and components.

[0004] FIG. 1 illustrates a network environment for remote mental health management, in accordance with an implementation of the present subject matter; [0005] FIG. 2 illustrates a mental health management system, in accordance with an implementation of the present subject matter; and

[0006] FIG. 3 illustrates a method for remote mental health management, according to an example.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0007] Usually, a person suffering from mental illness and disorders, hereinafter referred to as a patient, seek medical guidance and treatment by visiting a hospital or clinic and having a face-to-face consultation with a mental health professional, hereinafter, referred to as a health professional. To do so, the patient may schedule an appointment with the health professional on the basis of the availability of the health professional. The health professional may ask for the details pertaining to medical history, family medical history, and other such details of the patient for assessing influential factors, such as genetics, domestic violence, or any other disease, such as COVID-19 that may play role in a current mental condition of the patient. In addition, the patient may be asked to provide any personal routine observations and assessments for the health professional to establish a relation of any recent change in a biological or social indicator in purview of the current mental condition.

[0008] Procedures related to mental health treatment also involve having regular follow-ups on a patient for consistently monitoring any progress in the patient’s mental condition. However, regular follow-ups may not be possible most of the times, due to one or more reasons. For example, the patient may have a low or no adherence to a drug treatment or assignments. For example, some patients may stop following a treatment plan upon feeling some improvement in the mental health condition during an initial phase of treatment. This may adversely affect treatment of certain mental health conditions, such as cognitive behavioural therapies. In another example, as there is a gap between available health professionals and patients seeking treatment, the health professionals may not be available every time a patient needs an appointment.

[0009] In addition, the patient may stop the ongoing treatment due to an exorbitant fee been paid for the treatment. In an example, the patient may be reluctant in visiting the health professional in person for diagnosis and treatment due to a stigma attached to the mental illness or disorder. Further, the patient may also be reluctant in taking the journey to visit the health professional in person as a result of laziness which is a symptom of depression and is also related to other mental health illness.

[0010] In addition to the above stated reasons causing hindrance to a proper treatment flow, the patient may experience disconnection with the health professional in an ongoing treatment due to language, cultural, and religious barriers. These barriers may result in reduced efficacy of the treatment.

[0011] Such reasons may reduce the fluency of bidirectional transmission of information, which is critical for the treatment, between the patient and the health professional which may lead to the patient not achieving the desired outcome and improvement in the health condition.

[0012] The existing procedures for mental health treatment result in a rise in the treatment gap, thereby further worsening the mental health condition of the patient. Mental health illness, such as anxiety, when not treated in time, may lead to depression and self-harm. Absence of proper treatment to mental health related conditions, such as depression can also lead to violent or submissive nature of the patient. This can also result in domestic as well as public violence events and may be harmful to others or self. [0013] The present subject matter describes various approaches for remote mental health management that facilitates in diagnosis and treatment of mental health conditions in a quick and efficient manner.

[0014] In an example implementation of the present subject matter, a user or patient using a patient terminal for seeking mental health consultation from a health professional, may access a mental health application included in the patient terminal to establish a virtual consultation session with the health professional. On the other hand, another user or a health professional may utilize a health professional terminal which also includes the mental health application in order to remotely interact with the patient. After successful establishing of the virtual consultation session, the user may share information required by the health professional in order to assess the health condition and diagnose the illness or disorder on the basis of the assessment. After successful diagnosis, the health professional may provide appropriate medication or therapy session to the user. The mental health application may also receive, on a regular basis, health monitoring information collected through the patient terminal and provide the health monitoring information to the health professional. The health monitoring information may include sleeping patterns, nutritional intake, resting heart rate, weight, height, etc. The collected health monitoring information may assist the health professional to effectively monitor and evaluate progress of the treatment.

[0015] The present subject matter of mental health diagnosis and treatment may enable the health professional to interact and have consultation sessions with the patient at the comfort of a preferred location and also taking care of the privacy of the treatment process. The present subject matter may also allow the patient to opt for a health professional according to the patient’s preference related with the preferred language and an affordable price range. The patient is provided with the option to select the health professional according to preferences before initiating the scheduling of an appointment which results in an improvement in the user experience.

[0016] Therefore, the remote mental health management technique of the present subject matter reduces the overall time taken in the treatment procedure, providing convenient consultation and counselling sessions to the user or the patient, and provides the health professional with accurate details pertaining to medical condition. In addition, the present subject matter may also enable regular and effective monitoring of the user health condition, and thus maintains medical procedural adherence by providing the health professional with the required routine observational and assessment details for maintaining a good flow of required information which plays a critical role in the overall treatment.

[0017] The description hereinafter describes the remote management of the mental health of a patient. The manner in which the remote management of the mental health of the present subject matter shall be implemented has been explained in detail with respect to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3. It should be noted that the description and figures merely illustrate the principles of the present subject matter.

[0018] FIG. 1 illustrates a network environment 100 for remote mental health management, in accordance with an implementation of the present subject matter. The network environment 100 may include one or more patient terminals 102, one or more health professional terminals 104, and a cloud server 106. Examples of the patient terminal 102 and the health professional terminal 104 may include, but are not limited to, a smartphone, a laptop, a notebook computer, and a tablet computer.

[0019] The patient may communicate with a health professional over a network 108. The network 108 may be a wireless network, a wired network, or a combination thereof. The network 108 can also be an individual network or a collection of many such individual networks, interconnected with each other and functioning as a single large network, e.g., the Internet or an intranet. The network 108 may either be a dedicated network or a shared network, which represents an association of the different types of networks.

[0020] In an example, the patient terminal 102 and the health professional terminal 104 are connected to the cloud server 106 via the network 108. The cloud server 106 may include a database. In an example, the database is a national health system or private general physician systems. The database may be indexed with information of the patient, including medical insurance, financial details, medical history etc.

[0021] In another example, the mental health management system 1 10 may provide an automated session transcription. The transcripts pertaining to the consultation sessions may be stored in the cloud server 106.

[0022] The patient may communicate with the health professional, such as a psychiatrist, through the patient terminal 102. The patient may access a mental health management system 1 10 through the patient terminal 102. The mental health management system 1 10 may facilitate the patient to get in touch with the health professional. The mental health management system 1 10 may act as a platform for the patient and the health professional to perform the diagnosis and treatment. The patient may therefore get connected with the health professional from a remote location. The patient may register with the mental health management system 1 10 by inputting personal details as well as medical history details. In an example, the patient may have to fill in a questionnaire for the health professional to assess a current mental condition of the patient.

[0023] In an example, the health professional may access the mental health management system 1 10 through the health professional terminal 104. The health professional may access the details inputted by the patient from a remote location. As the patient terminal 102 and the health professional terminal 104 are connected through the network 108, data may be transmitted and received between the patient and the health professional for the diagnosis and treatment. For example, based on the details of the patient, and the questionnaire, the health professional may assess the current mental condition of the patient. Based on the assessment, the health professional may provide his observations to the patient through the mental health management system 110 and also suggest a course of treatment to the patient.

[0024] FIG. 2 illustrates a mental health management system 200

(hereinafter referred to as system 200), in accordance with an implementation of the present subject matter. The system 200 may be accessed by a patient terminal, such as the terminal 102 or a health professional terminal, such as the terminal 104. The system 200 may include one or more processor(s) 202, I/O interface(s) 204, and a memory 206 coupled to the processor(s) 202.

[0025] The processor(s) 202 may be a single processing unit or a number of units, all of which could include multiple computing units. The processor(s) 202 may be implemented as one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, state machines, logic circuitries, and/or any devices that manipulate signals based on operational instructions. Among other capabilities, the processor(s) 202 is configured to fetch and execute computer-readable instructions and data stored in the memory 206 of the system 200.

[0026] The I/O interface(s) 204 used in the system 200, may include a variety of software and hardware interfaces, for example, interfaces for peripheral device(s), such as a keyboard, a mouse, a display unit, an external memory, and a printer. Further, the I/O interface(s) 204 may enable the system 200 to communicate with other devices, and other external databases (not shown). The I/O interface(s) 204 can facilitate multiple communications within a wide variety of networks and protocol types, including wired networks, for example, local area network (LAN), cable, etc., and wireless networks, such as Wireless LAN (WLAN), cellular network, or satellite.

[0027] The memory 206 may be any non-transitory computer- readable medium known in the art including, for example, volatile memory, such as static random-access memory (SRAM) and dynamic randomaccess memory (DRAM), and/or non-volatile memory, such as read only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM, flash memories, hard disks, optical disks, and magnetic tapes. In one implementation, the system 200 also includes engine(s) 208 and data 210.

[0028] The engine(s) 208, amongst other things, may include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., which perform particular tasks or implement data types. The engine(s) 208 may also be implemented as, signal processor(s), state machine(s), logic circuitries, and/or any other devices or components that manipulate signals based on operational instructions. Further, the engine(s) 208 can be implemented in hardware, instructions executed by a processing unit, or by a combination thereof. The processing unit can comprise a computer, a processor, such as the processor(s) 202, a state machine, a logic array, or any other suitable devices capable of processing instructions.

[0029] In another aspect of the present subject matter, the engine(s) 208 may be machine-readable instructions, firmware or software, which, when executed by a processor/processing unit, perform any of the described functionalities. The machine-readable instructions may be stored on an electronic memory device, hard disk, optical disk, or other machine- readable storage medium or non-transitory medium. In an example, the engine(s) 208, amongst other things, may include a registration engine 212, a health management engine 214, a feedback engine 216, and other engine(s) 218.

[0030] Further, the data 210 serves, amongst other things, as a repository for storing data processed, received and generated by the engine(s) 208. The data 210 includes health information 220, professional information 222, and other data 224. The other data 224 includes data generated as a result of the execution of the system 200.

[0031] In an implementation, the patient and the health professional may register with the health management system. For example, the registration engine 212 may receive information pertaining to the patient and the health professional through respective terminals, such as patient terminal 102 and health professional terminal 104. For example, the patient and the health professional may provide information to the system 200 through the I/O interface 204. In case of a patient, the patient may enter patient information, such as personal medical history, family medical history, and financial and insurance details along with payments details. In addition, the patient may provide information pertaining to at least one biometric feature. Examples of the at least one biometric feature may include, but are not limited to, face recognition, blood pressure, heartbeat, body temperature, and voice recognition. The system 200 may receive the biometric information through the patient terminal or from any wearable device of the patient. In an example, the registration engine 212 may store the biometric information into the memory 206. The biometric information may allow the user to protect his/her medical history from being accessed by everyone. In another example, the first user may opt to lock or unlock the personal information from the second user. In case of a health professional, the health professional may provide personal details, such as personal information, professional information, and so on.

[0032] Based on the received information, the registration engine 212 may create a profile for the patient. For example, the registration engine 212 may link the profile of the patient with the information provided by the patient. In addition, the registration engine 212 may associate the profile of the patient with the at least one biometric feature of the patient. For example, the biometric feature may include but is not limited to a fingerprint detection, a face detection feature, and a voice detection feature. Thus, to be able to access the information, specifically the medical information of the patient, biometric authentication would be required. The registration engine 212 may store the information pertaining to the patient as the patient information 220.

[0033] Likewise, the registration engine 212 may create a profile for the health professional, based on the information provided by the health professional. The registration engine 212 may store the information pertaining to the health professional as the professional information 222.

[0034] In an example implementation, the registration engine 212 may perform a verification process of the health professional for improving the security of the patient. The verification process may involve checking with health professional registration bodies and licensure process related to a particular region in which the system 200 is used. For example, the registration engine 212 may check sure if a license of the health professional is active or revoked. The registration engine 212 may define diverse terms that fulfil the particular region’s requirements to allow the health professional to practise in order to protect the patients and the health professionals from any illegal practise. The verification process may further monitor health professionals that are regularly cancelling session requests, and further include a number of cancellations by the health professional that may be allowed in a year.

[0035] Based on the behaviour of the patients and the health professionals, the system 200 may issue temporary and permanent banning of the patients or health professionals from accessing the system 200. In an example, the registration engine 212 may temporarily ban the patients or health professionals if three sessions are cancelled within a calendar month, or one abuse is reported within a calendar month. In another example, the registration engine 212 may permanently ban a patient or a health professional from accessing the system 200 if one abuse is reported in three consecutive months each or four abuses are reported within six months. Another potential reason for permanent banning may include an involvement of fraudulent activity.

[0036] In operation, the patient may access the health management system 200 by logging in a registered account of the patient. The health management engine 214 may prompt the patient with an authorization request before accessing the information pertaining to the patient, stored in the database of the cloud server, such as the cloud server 106.

[0037] Upon successful authorization of the patient, the patient may request for a consultation with the health professional. In response to the request, the health management engine 214 may obtain information pertaining to the at least one biometric feature and mental health of the patient from the memory 206. In an example, the health management engine 214 may send a request to the patient terminal 102 to obtain data pertaining to a health of the patient from the patient terminal 102. For example, the health management engine 214 may utilize sensors of the patient terminal 102 to monitor various health related activities, such as sleeping patterns, nutritional intake, resting heart rate, weight, height, etc. The health monitoring data may be stored in a storage unit of the patient terminal 102.

[0038] In another example, the health management engine 214 may utilize data received from one or more biometric sensors (not shown) of the patient terminal and the health professional terminal from which the system 200 may be accessed. The biometric sensors may facilitate in obtaining data pertaining to features related to facial recognition analysis (retina scan), expressions, voice recognition analysis, and eye tracking both for the patient and for the health professional. The facial recognition analysis may include facial emotions of the patient and the health professional. Before the consultation session between the patient and the health professional, the health management engine 214 may analyse whether the patient is happy, sad, dull, or in trauma based on the facial recognition analysis. These features may assist the health professional in monitoring and observing a patient’s behavioural cues during the consultation session. Similarly, the health management engine 214 may analyse whether the health professional is happy, sad, or dull based on the facial recognition analysis. The health management engine 214 may perform the analysis based on well-known techniques. Thus, the patient can also understand the emotional state of the health professional before choosing him/her for the session.

[0039] In an example, the health management engine 214 may associate the data pertaining to features related to facial recognition analysis, expressions, voice recognition analysis, and eye tracking both for the patient and for the health professional to the respective profile of the patient or the health professional. The stored data may be used to analyse the behavioural change over time both for the patient and the health professional during the course of the sessions. Also, based on the data including one or more of the facial recognition analysis, expressions, the voice recognition, and the eye tracking, the health management engine 214 may perform an analysis and provide scores to the patient as well as the health professional.

[0040] In an example, the health management engine 214 may prompt a user or the patient to take a mental health self-assessment test. The mental health self-assessment test may assist the user to determine whether the user have any symptoms. This may facilitate the health management engine 214 to identify a health professional that matches a preference and requirement of the user. [0041] In an implementation, the health management engine 214 may employ artificial intelligence (Al) techniques to provide a holistic recommendation to the patient. For example, the health management engine 214 may include an Al assistant to conduct an initial interview with the patient, when the patient initially signs up with the system 200. The initial interview is conducted to ascertain what are the key emotional intelligence areas that the patient is seeking to improve and identify a suitable therapist or a list of top therapists that are most suitable for the patient’s immediate needs, who are within the patient budget, preferred language of communication and other criteria such as gender, geographical locations etc, as applicable. The Al assistant engages with the patient during the course of the initial interview, thereby providing insights regarding the mental health of the patient.

[0042] Similar to the patient initial interview, the Al assistant of the health management engine 214 may be used for onboarding of the health professional. The Al assistant may interview the health professional to ascertain the emotional intelligence strengths and weaknesses, create the profile of the health professional, organise appointment management, patient booking sessions, payment management, identify potential new patients and invite them to a pilot session, offer patient special rates, during peak, off peak, seasonal or not busy periods, and so on. The Al assistant may provide the health professional an option to enable (or disable) insession prompts or emotional intelligence areas that the health professional may need to focus on depending on patient’s behaviour or responses in the active sessions or even provide suggestion before or after a new session, store these suggestions for future reference or use and can act as a sounding board to assist the therapist to help the patient better.

[0043] The Al assistant may provide session transcribing services by using suitable language dialects or regionalization to achieve higher transcribing accuracy. The session transcripts may be stored on the cloud server, such as the cloud server 106 for audit, legal, medical purposes, or as necessary. The Al assistant may further assist the patient with better session booking and alert management, cancellations, rescheduling, notify the therapist with any messages or alerts from the patient, such as but not limited to, if they are running late, appointment needs to be rescheduled, or cancelled, book multiple sessions with the therapist, sessions payment management and so on. The patient may engage with the Al assistant while not in an active session with the health professional.

[0044] Based on the obtained mental health information, the health management engine 214 may select a health professional. For example, the health management engine 214 may analyze the mental health information and the profile of the patient to identify key parameters associated with the patient. Example of the key parameters may include, but are not limited to, symptoms, medical history, criticality, and so on.

[0045] The health management engine 214 may compare the key parameters of the patient with profiles of a plurality of health professionals that may be pre-registered with the system 200, to identify a particular health professional. In an example, the health management engine 214 may also consider the preferences of the patient while selecting the health professional. For example, the preferences of the patient may include but are not limited to, language, culture, and religion.

[0046] Upon selection of the health professional, the health management engine 214 may encrypt the information obtained from the database and transmit the information to the health professional. The health professional may be given access to the stored health monitoring data in order to assess, monitor, and evaluate the progress in the recovery of the patient. Gaining access to the health monitoring data assists the health professional in making required decisions and changes in a treatment strategy in order to provide efficient treatment to the patient. [0047] Further, the health management engine 214 may establish a consultation session between the patient and the health professional. In an implementation, the health management engine 214 may allow the consultation sessions to be audio sessions, video sessions, messaging sessions, or a combination thereof. Further, the health management engine 214 may monitor the information pertaining to the at least one biometric feature of the patient or the health professional in real-time to generate a notification indicating a mental state of the patient or the health professional during the consultation session. In an example, based on the facial recognition, the health management engine 214 may perform an emotion analysis of the patient in real-time. Further, based on the voice recognition, the health management engine 214 may perform a voice sentimental analysis of the patient in real-time. The notification may be generated in real-time during the consultation session. The notification may provide certain understanding regarding behaviour or mental state of the patient or the health professional. Upon completion of the consultation session, the health management engine 214 may render a report outlining an outcome of the session on the I/O interface 204.

[0048] In an example, the session may be extended for a duration of 120 minutes. In an example, the health management engine 214 may provide the patient and the health professional with an option for early termination of the consultation session due to several reasons. Request for early termination may terminate the session in an opening phase of the session. In an example, the opening phase may range from 10 to 15 minutes from the beginning of the session and may have a total duration of 60 minutes. The termination request may be placed by the patient or the health professional for several reasons, which may include but are not limited to, the patient not being able to connect with the health professional, the patient may not be comfortable to continue with an ongoing session, and due to an emergency situation. [0049] In case the session is terminated at the opening phase, the patient may be charged only a proportion of the full session fees. For example, the patient opting for early termination may be charged only 1 /4th of the full session fee. On expiration of the opening phase of the session, the session termination option will be deactivated, and the session will automatically continue for the full duration and the patient will be charged with the full session fee.

[0050] In an example, the patient and/or the health professional may terminate an active (ongoing) session, for example, in case of an emergency or abuse to be reported by the patient and/or the health professional. If a session is terminated due to the above described reasons, the refund of the session charge to the patient can be reviewed on case by case basis.

[0051] In an implementation, the health management engine 214 may facilitate the processor 202 to record the sessions between the health professional and the patient, for future reference. For example, in an event, when the patient requests for a session and a new health professional is assigned to the patient. In such events, the new health professional may refer to the previously recorded sessions. In an example, access to the previously recorded sessions may be based on the patient’s approval.

[0052] Further, the health management engine 214 may facilitate the health professional to prescribe medication based on the diagnosis. Based on the diagnosis during the consultation session, the health professional may prescribe medications to the patient. Based on the prescription, the health management engine 214 may provide the patient with an option for a third-party delivery service for medication or home delivery service for medication delivery. In addition, upon completion of the consultation session, the health management engine 214 may route the patient to an online payment facility for completion of the payment regarding consultation charges. [0053] In another example, the system 200 may include a feedback engine 216 for the patient to give feedback at the end of the consultation session based on a patient experience. In an example, the feedback may be given by the patient in overall ratings ranging from 1 to 5 or in a range of 1 to 5 for individual aspects of the consultation session. The feedback engine 216 may append the ratings to a system generated score based on the health professional’s behaviour during the consultation session. Thus, the system 200 may assist in providing improved matching mechanism for future consultation sessions. Further, this functionality may also shortlist health professionals based on various factors, such as attentiveness, considerate behaviour, and capability to help the patients in improving the health condition, besides taking the other search criteria selected by the patient into consideration. The system 200 may also allow the patient as well as the health professional to track symptoms, set goals, and assess recovery progress.

[0054] In addition, the feedback engine 216 may record data pertaining to features related to facial recognition analysis, expressions, voice recognition analysis, and eye tracking of the patient and provide feedback at the end of the session. Thus, the health management system 200 may provide an insight on a state of mind of the patient during the consultation session. In an implementation, the feedback engine 216 may generate feedback reports for different patients based on the recordings of the previous sessions, notifications received through the current consultation session, etc. The feedback reports may facilitate the health professional and the patient to understand if there is any progress in a mental health condition of the patient.

[0055] Further, the feedback engine 216 may perform auditing of the health professional on a regular basis, monitoring of the health professionals that are being reported, and further investigating the auditing reports. In an example, the auditing may be performed on a monthly basis. Further, in an instance of negligence from the health professional, the reported health professional may be deactivated from the system 200.

[0056] FIG. 3 illustrates a method 300 for remote mental health management, according to an example. The method 300 can be implemented by processor(s) or device(s) through any suitable hardware, a non-transitory machine readable medium, or a combination thereof.

[0057] In some examples, processes involved in the method 300 can be executed based on instructions stored in a non-transitory computer- readable medium. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may include, for example, digital memories, magnetic storage media, such as a magnetic disks and magnetic tapes, hard drives, or optically readable digital data storage media.

[0058] Referring to FIG. 3, in an example implementation, at block 302, the method 300 may include obtaining information pertaining to at least one biometric feature and a mental health of a patient. In an implementation, the health management engine 214 may obtain the mental health information from the patient. In an example, the at least one biometric feature may include, but is not limited to, face recognition, blood pressure, heartbeat, body temperature, and voice recognition.

[0059] At block 304, the method 300 may include based on the obtained mental health information of the patient, establishing a consultation session between the patient and a health professional. In an implementation, the health management engine 214 may establish the consultation session. To do so, the health management engine 214 may select the health professional. For example, the health management engine 214 may analyze the mental health information and the profile of the patient to identify key parameters associated with the patient. Example of the key parameters may include, but are not limited to, symptoms, medical history, criticality, and so on. The key parameters may be compared with a plurality of health professionals that may be pre-registered with the system 200. Based on the comparison, the health management engine 214 may select the health professional for the consultation session.

[0060] At block 306, the method 300 may include monitoring the at least one biometric feature to generate a real-time notification indicating a mental state of the patient. In an implementation, the health management engine 214 may monitor the at least one biometric feature and generate the notification. In an example, based on the facial recognition, the health management engine 214 may perform an emotion analysis of the patient in real-time. Further, based on the voice recognition, the health management engine 214 may perform a voice sentimental analysis of the patient in realtime. The health management engine 214 may perform the analysis based on well-known techniques.

[0061] Further, at block 308, the method 300 may include rendering a report on the input/output interface 204, based on the notification and the consultation session. Accordingly, the health professional may receive realtime observations pertaining to the mental health of the patient. Based on the observations and the consultation session, the health professional may suggest a course of treatment to the patient.

[0062] Although aspects for the present disclosure have been described in a language specific to structural features and/or methods, it is to be understood that the appended claims are not limited to the specific features or methods described herein. Rather, the specific features and methods are disclosed as examples of the present disclosure.