Karhu, Kimmo (Kihokkitie 4 E 10, Oulu, FIN-90160, FI)
| 1. | Resonator filter comprising a housing structure (10), at least one resonator conductor (20) in the housing structure, and a regulating means (30) for regulating the frequency band of the resonator filter, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the regulating means (30) is substantially transverse to the propagation direction of the resonator conductor so that the regulating means (30) forms at least one turn around the resonator conductor (20) transversely to the propa gation direction of the resonator conductor. |
| 2. | Resonator filter according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that, when the resonator conductor (20) is a helix coil, the regulating means (30) forms at least one essentially transverse turn around the conductor of the helix coil. |
| 3. | Resonator filter according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that, when the resonator conductor (20) is a longitudinal resonator pin, the regulating means (30) forms at least one turn substantially transverse to the longitudinal direction of the resonator pin. |
| 4. | Resonator filter according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that, when the helix coil comprises several turns, a turn of the regulating means (30) is formed around the conductor of the coil at the lowimpedance end of the resonator conductor. |
| 5. | Resonator filter according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that a transverse turn of the regulating means (30) around the resonator con ductor (20) preferably touches the resonator conductor along almost the whole turn. |
| 6. | Resonator filter according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the regulating means (30) is insulated from the resonator conductor (20). |
| 7. | Resonator filter according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the regulating means (30) is substantially close to the lowimpedance point of the resonator conductor (20). |
| 8. | Resonator filter according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the regulating means (30) is wound in turns around the resonator con ductor (20). |
| 9. | Resonator filter according to claim 8, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the turns form a coillike (40) shape. |
| 10. | Resonator filter according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the regulating means (30) is preferably in contact with the housing struc ture (10). |
| 11. | Resonator filter according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that the regulating means (30) comprises a first end (31) and a second end (32), which is galvanically insulated from the ground level. |
Resonator filters are used in base stations of mobile telephone net- works, for example. In base stations, resonator filters can be used for instance as matching networks or filtering circuits in amplifiers of transceiver units.
There are several different kinds of resonator filters, and a resonator usually comprises a housing or a body. Resonator filters comprising a housing struc- ture are for instance a coaxial resonator filter or an LC filter. The housing structure of a resonator is made of metal. In coaxial resonator structures, for example, the housing structure encloses a conductor situated in the middle area of the cavity of the housing structure, this conductor being called a reso- nator or a resonator pin. Additionally, it is known to use so-called helix reso- nators, in which the resonator is formed of a helical resonator conductor.
The length of a resonator pin is generally equal to a fourth of the wavelength of a signal coming to the resonator or to half of said wavelength.
For this reason, resonators are very practical in the microwave area. In solu- tions according to the prior art, the resonator is fastened to the bottom of the housing structure. In a solution, a regulating means implemented by a wire is fastened beside the fixing point of the resonator. The wire forms an inductive coupling. It has been possible to change the frequency band of the resonator by changing the length and the position of the wire.
In another prior art solution, the wire is fastened to the resonator.
However, resonators according to the prior art show the problem that they are difficult to tune and regulate accurately to the correct frequency band in the mounting stage. In a further solution according to the prior art, soldering the wire in the resonator has led to tuning problems.
The object of the present invention is to provide a resonator filter of novel type, which eliminates the problems associated with the prior art solu- tions.
This object is achieved by means of a resonator filter of the inven- tion, which is characterised in that the regulating means is substantially trans- verse to the propagation direction of the resonator conductor so that the regu-
lating means forms at least one turn around the resonator conductor trans- versely to the propagation direction of the resonator conductor.
Many advantages are achieved by means of the resonator filter of the invention. By this solution, the resonator filter can be provided with a cou- pling that makes the filter easy to regulate accurately to the correct frequency band by using a regulating means. An easy regulation is possible because only a minor change in the frequency filtered by the resonator is provided even if the distance between the turns of the regulating means is changed relatively much, for instance. In addition, the resonator filter of the solution is mechani- cally durable. Further, the resonator filter is easy and fast to mount in compari- son to the prior art solutions.
In the following, the invention is described in greater detail by refer- ring to the examples of the attached drawings, where Figure 1 shows a resonator filter according to the prior art, Figure 2 shows another resonator filter according to the prior art, Figure 3 shows a first embodiment of a resonator filter according to the invention, Figure 4 shows a second embodiment of the resonator filter ac- cording to the solution, Figure 5 shows an example of a resonator filter according to the prior art, Figure 6 shows a resonator filter comprising a helical resonator conductor, and Figure 7 shows turns of a regulating means in more detail.
Figure 1 shows a resonator filter according to the prior art, com- prising a housing structure 1 and a resonator conductor 2 fastened to the housing structure 1. The resonator filter additionally comprises a regulating means 3, by which the frequency band of the resonator filter is regulated. In the resonator filter of Figure 1, the regulating means 3 is fastened to the housing structure 1 close to the fixing point of the resonator conductor 2.
However, a resonator filter implemented in this way has been difficult to regu- late to the correct frequency band.
Figure 2 shows another resonator filter according to the prior art, comprising a housing structure 1 and a resonator conductor 2 fastened to the housing structure 1. The resonator filter also comprises a regulating means 3, by which the frequency band of the resonator filter is regulated. In the reso-
nator filter of Figure 2, the regulating means 3 is fastened to the resonator conductor 2. The regulating means 3 is fastened to the resonator conductor 2 by soldering. However, the fastening and structure of the regulating means 3 have caused problems with tuning the resonator filter to the correct frequency band.
Figure 3 shows a first embodiment of a resonator filter according to the invention, comprising a housing structure 10 and a resonator conductor 20. The housing structure 10 comprises a bottom part 11, which simultane- ously forms the ground level of the resonator filter. The resonator conductor 20 is fastened to the bottom part 11 of the housing structure 10 of the resonator filter. The housing structure 10 and the resonator conductor 20 are made of a well-conductive material. The housing structure 10 may be made of aluminium, for instance. The resonator conductor 20 is formed for instance of thin copper wire having a thickness of about 1,5 mm. The resonator conductor 20 is fas- tened to the housing structure 10 by soldering or by a screw, for example.
The resonator filter of Figure 3 comprises a regulating means 30 preferably made of copper wire, for example. The resonator filter is regulated and tuned to the correct frequency band by means of the regulating means 30.
The regulating means 30 is positioned substantially close to the ground level of the resonator filter, i.e. at a low-impedance point. The regulating means 30 is preferably made of wire wound to a coil-like 40 shape. The regulating means 30 is preferably insulated from the resonator conductor 20 by manu- facturing the regulating means 30 of an enamel coated wire, for instance.
The resonator filter filters, i.e. attenuates, some frequencies very much. Other frequencies are not filtered, but the frequencies get easily through the filter. In the frequency response of the resonator filter, that fre- quency band which is firstly limited by the frequencies to be filtered and sec- ondly by the frequencies not to be filtered is called a duplex spacing. The so- lution of the invention changes the size of the duplex spacing.
The regulating means 30 comprises a first end 31 and a second end 32. The second end 32 of the regulating means 30 is preferably coupled to the bottom part 11 of the housing structure 10, i.e. to the ground level. The second end 32 of the regulating means 30 is coupled to the ground level by soldering, for instance. The regulating means 30 is coupled around the reso- nator conductor 20 in such a way that the regulating means 30 forms an in-
ductive coupling between the regulating means 30 and the resonator conduc- tor 20.
The regulating means 30 wound of wire is fastened around the resonator conductor 20 in such a way that the regulating means 30 forms a mechanically stable connection to the resonator conductor 20. Thanks to the connection, soldering the regulating means 30 in the resonator conductor 20 is avoided, for instance. If the inductive coupling of the resonator filter is changed, the frequency band of the resonator filter changes as well.
The size of the inductive coupling can be increased by increasing the number of turns of the regulating means 30, which increases the induc- tance of the regulating means 30. A change in the inductance of the regulating means 30 influences the size of the frequency band of the resonator filter. The frequency band is also dependent on the thickness of the resonator conductor 20 and on the distance between the turns of the regulating means 30.
The second end 32 of the regulating means 30 is preferably cou- pled to the ground level in such a way that the distance between the fixing point of the resonator conductor 20 and the regulating means 30 is essentially equal to the distance between that point and the second end 32. At the first end 31, the resonator filter can also be coupled to another resonator filter. In Figure 3, the second end 32 of the regulating means 30 is directed towards the ground level. The frequency response and the frequency band of the resonator filter can be influenced by changing the distance between the regu- lating means 30 and the bottom 11 of the housing structure 10. In the solution of the figure, the regulating means 30 is insulated from the resonator conduc- tor 20 in such a way that, at least at the coil-like 40 shape, there is an insulat- ing layer between the regulating means 30 and the resonator conductor 20.
Figure 4 shows another embodiment of the resonator filter accord- ing to the solution, also comprising a housing structure 10 and a resonator conductor 20. The housing structure 10 comprises a bottom part 11, which si- multaneously constitutes the ground level. The resonator conductor 20 is fas- tened to the bottom part 11 of the housing structure 10 of the resonator filter.
The resonator filter comprises a regulating means 30, which is wound to a coil- like 40 shape around the resonator conductor 20. The regulating means 30 comprises a first end 31 and a second end 32. The second end 32 of the regulating means is directed preferably towards the ground level.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention according to Figure 4, the second end 32 of the regulating means 30 is not fastened directly to the ground level. In this solution, the coupling to the ground level takes place by a capacitive coupling. The capacitive coupling influences the frequency re- sponse of the resonator filter. In the solution of the figure, the capacitive cou- pling has preferably been increased in such a way that the resonator filter comprises a capacitor 50 between the second end 32 of the regulating means and the ground level. In addition, the second end 32 can be galvanically insu- lated from the ground level.
In the solution of the figure, the regulating means 30 around the resonator conductor 20 is wound to the coil-like 40 shape. Accordingly, the regulating means 30 is coupled to the ground level via the capacitor 50, whereby the size of the capacitive coupling between the resonator conductor 20 and the ground level has changed. The frequency band of the resonator filter is regulated to a desired point and size by changing the capacitive cou- pling.
Moreover, it appears from the figure clearly that the regulating means 30 is substantially transverse to the propagation direction of the pin-like resonator conductor 20. Further, the regulating means 30 forms at least one turn around the resonator conductor 20 transversely to the propagation direc- tion of the resonator conductor 20. If the resonator conductor 20 is pin-like, the regulating means 30 forms at least one substantially transverse turn with re- spect to the longitudinal direction of the resonator pin.
Figure 5 shows an example of a prior art resonator filter, in which a relatively strong current I flowing in the vicinity of the low-impedance end of the resonator causes a strong magnetic field H, which provides a strong con- nection to a transverse conductor in the magnetic field. Reference mark E designates an electric field. In the solution of the invention, the regulating means 30 is substantially transverse to the propagation direction of the reso- nator conductor 20, which makes it possible to reduce the strong connection of the magnetic field, whereby the regulation of the resonator filter is not too sen- sitive.
Figure 6 shows a resonator filter formed of a wound resonator con- ductor 20. In practice, the resonator filter of the figure is a helix resonator, preferably comprising several turns. A regulating means 30 of the resonator filter forms at least one substantially transverse turn around the conductor of
the helix coil in such a way that the regulating means 30 forms at least one turn around the resonator conductor 20 transversely to the propagation direc- tion of the resonator conductor. The figure shows a point 25 designating a low- impedance point of the resonance filter. The turn or turns of the regulating means 30 have been formed around the conductor of the coil situated at the low-impedance end of the wound resonator conductor 20.
Figure 7 shows in more detail how turns of a regulating means 30 are wound with respect to the propagation direction of a resonator conductor 20. In the solution of the figure, a transverse turn of the regulating means 30 around the resonator conductor preferably touches the resonator conductor 20 almost along the whole turn. The regulating means 30 is formed of insulated wire, by which the regulating means 30 is insulated from the resonator con- ductor 20.
Though the invention is described above by referring to the exam- ple of the attached drawings, it is clear that the invention is not restricted to it, but it can modified in many ways within the scope of the inventive idea set forth in the attached claims.
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