Technical Filed :

Seawater desalination

A process for water distillation via reverse osmosis uses electrical power. Problem or deficiency with prior art

The well-known process for water distillation via reverse osmosis uses electrical power has several disadvantages. For instance, the conventional method consumes big amounts of electrical power to accomplish the reverse osmosis via using a motor to pressure brine water; therefore, it is not cost effective for agricultural purposes. However, the resulting amount of water is small compared to costs. Although a part of applied electrical power, that is the pressure applied to most brine water after finishing distillation process, is retrieved, but it is small . and difficult to be utilized. Additionally, distillation process paused several times to dismiss the most brine water.

Tlie-Staie-of-art

The sea water is reserved at a mountain peak to preserve mechanical power. Such preserved water is distilled at the peak of a mountain. The pressure of waxerhead is utilized in the distillation process ( fresh waterhead is withdrawn from top to bottom), then the resulting fresh water passes through a turbine to generate electrical power. However, the most brine water is drained back to the sea through a pipe lies beneath the distillation chamber, and passing through a turbine to generate electrical power. The amount of consumed electricity to uplift water from the sea to a mountain peak equals the total amount of resulting power from operating most the turbine of the most brine water and the turbine of the distilled water. A turbine for fresh water and most brine water could operate a single generator. The number of pipes contain semi preamble membranes are doubles the number required for continuous distillation process during running maintenance. The proportion flow of most brine water and fresh water could be controlled via valves of transfer pipes, when maintenance process is rune to a turbine, the valves of water pipes are close. The amount of distilled water resulting from the method of the present invention is huge. The cost for infrastructure of the reservoir used to preserve the mechanical power and distillation chamber is low comparing to the resulting amount of fresh water that is utilized for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes. The method of the present invention is economically effective as the consumed power is low. According to the method of the present invention is continuous as the most brine water flows unceasing so the percent of saline in fresh water is controllable. The concentration of saline in the most brine water is always fixed.

Disclosure Of The Invention :

Pressure is defined as force per unit area.

The bar is a metric unit of pressure exactly equal to lOOOOOPa. It equals a 10.2 kg/lcm ² or equals the pressure resulting from waterhead its length 10.2 m/cm .

1 - Figure 1

Pascal role

The pressure applied to liquid trapped inside sealed vessel is regularly transferred to all the liquid particles and different directions.

Fig. 1 includes two vessels; vessel lits section space equals spaces unit, with applied weight 3that results pressure on surface of the vessel. The said pressure is transferred to vessel 2 in all direction, therefore the applied pressure to surface unit of the upper liquid is the same pressure applied to the liquid surface in vessel 1. The direction of such pressure in vessel 2 from bottom to top as in 4 fig 1.

2- Figure 2

(In this invention Pascal rule is applied reversely ie, when pressure applied to trapped liquid is reduced, such reduction is transferred to the rest of the liquid in all directions).

Rectangular parallelepiped vessel 1 , is immovable, is filled with water, and is connected to a pipe its sectional area is 1cm 2. A weight 6 is mounted under the pipe on the water surface, therefore, the pressure directed to bottom and its amount equals the weight 6 and the height of waterhead 4 . The pressure moves to all the liquid in the pipe and in Rectangular parallelepiped vessel in all directions. The pressure applied to water surface in the Rectangular parallelepiped vessel is from inside at the top and it has the same amount (weight 6 and liquid head weight 4). The pressure direction is from top to bottom 2.

3 -figure 3

The amount of pressure 1 applied to the upper inside surface of the vessel is the height of the liquid head 2. The pressure direction is from

Top to bottom 3.

4- figure 4

Reverse osmosis

It means that water moves from the high concentration solution to the low concentration solution through semi preamble membrane by pressure. The pressure applied on the side of high concentration solution is bigger than that applied on the low concentration solution, (or the pressure applied to the low concentration is lower than the pressure applied to the high concentration solution, which is the idea of the present invention, by using the pressure resulting from the increase in waterhead to reduce pressure on the side of fresh water rather than the pressure applied on the side of the most brine water. Consequently, the water moves from the side of the most brine water to side of the fresh water).

Figure 4 shows a U shaped pipe 2. It is the pipe contains fresh water and pipe 3 contains brine water. The two pipes are separated with a semi preamble membrane 5, to allow water to pass from pipe 3 to pipe 2 under pressure 1. The arrow 5 shows the direction move between the two pipes.

5- Figure 5

The water moves from fresh water to brine water through preamble membrane the so called osmosis pressure. In order for water to move in the opposite direction, ie from brine water to fresh water, the brine water should be applied to pressure higher than the osmosis pressure of the fresh water. Therefore, the pressure applied to brine water is higher than that applied to fresh water, this is exactly the idea of the present invention. Figure 5 shows the draft direction 1 that reduces the pressure on fresh water, and the amount of force 2 that alleviates pressure on fresh water. The vessel 3 is the part where brine water, the vessel 4 is the part contains fresh water, and the direction 5 of water move from the higher-pressure brine water to the low- pressure fresh water. The semi preamble membrane 6.

6- Figure 6

Shows a top opened vessel has immovable barrier 5 through which pipes 6 their two ends are opened pass to connect the two parts of the vessel. The pipes contain semi preamble membrane 4 allow water to pass to the upper part 1 of the sink which contains brine water reaching to the lower part of the sink 7 contains fresh water. The sink is connected to a pipe 8, while this pipe is connected to another sink 12 and the sinlc is provided with outlet for fresh water 1. Another inlet for brine water is provided in the upper part of the upper sink 10.

The pressure applied to the surface of brine water 2 in vessel 1 equals the height of liquid head 9. The pressure direction is from top to bottom 2, Therefore the water moves from the brine water in the upper part of the sink 1 to fresh water in the lower part of the sink through pipes contain semi preamble membrane 6.

7- Figure 7

Conserving power in mechanical form (in a valley at the peak of a mountain) A sink 1 to preserve water (is a valley at a peak of a mountain) 2. The sea level 9. A motor 10 to uplift the sea water to the preserving sink 1. The sea water preserved on the mountain through pipe3, the water direction from bottom to top as shown by arrow 4. So the water gained power due to its height 13 and the said power is preserved.

A preserve sink under pipe 5 for water to flow from top to bottom 6. Water passes through turbine 1 1 to generate electricity then discharged to the sea 9. In the preserve sink there is a pipe 7 water moves in it from top to bottom as shown by arrow 8. On its way, water passes through turbine 12 to generate electricity, the flows into the sea 14. The height of water falling from top to bottom 15 equals the height of arrow 13. The resulting power from turbine 10 is always equal to the total of the power of both turbines.

8- Figure §

Sea water distillation process by reverse osmosis using the pressure of distilled fresh water The sea water is uplifted by a motor 4 from the sea 5 with a height 3 through a pipe provided with a valve and its direction from top to bottom so the pipe could be closed as desired. Distillation chamber 2 is connected to a pipe provided with a valve to be closed as desired. The water passes through a turbine to generate electricity 10. Then the said water is discharged to the sea through a pipe under distillation chamber . The distilled water which has been distilled in distillation chamber flows through a pipe provided at its top and bottom with valves to close it. That said water passes through a turbine to generate electricity 7, then moves to a sink provided with an upper outlet to discharge excess water to the river. The pipe nozzle is submerged under water in the sink.

9-Figure 9

Distiliatio-n . ch _; a,mfe r

A main pipe 1 to collect distilled water from the secondary pipe . The distillation chamber 2 contains secondary pipe each one contain a semi preamble membrane. The distillation chamber could be a conical shape, cube or Rectangular parallelepiped, its end is an upside down conical shape because the most brine water will lay down due to its high density, and flows through a pipe discharging into the sea passing through a turbine to produce electrical power. Reservoir 3 receives the sea water to move to the distillation chamber via gate contain filter for impurities. 4 shows the direction of the sea water. 5 represents uplift pipe in the reservoir, delivering the sea water thereto. The pipe contains valves at its top and bottom as desired. 6 is a motor to uplift the sea water to the reservoir, 7 is the sea and 8 is the reservoir body located in a mountain. A pipe 10 delivers the distilled sea water and connects the pipe collects the sea water and the river passing through a turbine to generate electricity. The pipe 10 is provided with two valves at its upper end and lower end to open/close as desired. 11 is the direction of water flows in the pipe from top to bottom. 12 is a turbine to produce electricity when distilled water passes through it with draft pressure of brine water flowing in pipes contain semi preamble membrane. A pipe 13 delivers fresh water after passing through the turbine to a sink has an outlet transferring fresh water to the river. Such outlet 13 is always submerged under the water in the sink. The fresh water sink receives distilled water and has an outlet to send water to the river. The upper outlet in the sink 15 sends fresh water to the river. The most brine water is discharged to the sea 16 from the distillation chamber to the sea passing through a turbine to produce electricity, through a pipe has an upper and lower outlet to be opened and closed as desired. 17 represents a turbine to generate electricity due to brine water passes through heading to the sea. 18 shows the direction of the most brine water from the distillation chamber to the sea. 19 is a valve arranged in every secondary pipe to close/ open water as desired. 20 is the secondary pipes connected to the pipes have a semi preamble membrane. The distillation chamber is covered with a ceiling and walls to filter water from impurities such as dust and sand, also to protect the semi preamble membranes. In the distillation chamber, all chemicals required for distillation process are added. As the brine water continuously flows to be distilled and be fresh water, the saltiness of water in the chamber increases and the most brine water lay down the chamber, therefore there is a pipe under the chamber to discharge the brine water to the sea passing through turbine to generate electricity.

10- Figure 10

Distillation pipe

1 is a pipe collects fresh water from secondary pipes in the distillation chamber. Each secondary pipe is provided with a valve to open/ close as desired such as during running maintenance to substituting pipes contain semi preamble membranes so the fresh water does not mix with brine_water. 3 is distillation pipes connected to collect pipe. Each of distillation pipes contains semi preamble membrane allows brine water and fresh water to pass due to the draft force of fresh water head, where pressure (the draft force from top to bottom due to the weight of fresh water head) moves to all pipes contain semi preamble membranes as the same amount as the downward pressure of fresh water according to Pascal Rule and according to the idea of reverse osmosis. The more the pressure increased, amount of water transformed from brine water to fresh water increase, and the height of fresh water head increase. This is the idea of reverse osmosis based e water on Pascal Rule. 4 represents the semi preamble membranes transforming brine water into fresh water. 5 is a semi preamble membrane allow brine to pass. The brine water moves upwardly to the fresh water, flowing through a pipe to collect fresh water then to a pipe carries fresh water passing through a turbine to generate electricity, then to the sink where fresh water is collected and discharged to the river.

11 - Figure 11

Distillation pipe 1 and pipe 2 contain semi preamble membranes. Distillation pipe 3 and distillation pipe 4 contain semi preamble membranes. Pipe 5 collects fresh water. 12- Figure 12

Valves 1 & 2 allow water to flow from bottom to top not the opposite. Valves 5, 6, 7 &8 close the pipe to cut water passage or open the pipe to allow water to flow as required. Secondary pipes 3 are connected to pipes contain semi preamble membranes and a pipe to collect fresh water.

13- Figure 13

12 represents secondary pipes. 2 is distillation reservoir. 3 is a gate provided with barriers to prevent impurities and dust from entering the distillation chamber. 4 is a reservoir for the sea water.

14- Figure 14

A vertical section of distillation chamber 1. 2 is a secondary pipe connected to pipes contain semi preamble membranes. 3 is a gate from which brine water enters to distillation chamber before distillation process. The gates are provided with semi preamble membranes to prevent impurities and dust. 4 is a valve closes/opens the end of the secondary pipe, next to it is the pipe has semi preamble membrane. The valve is used during running maintenance and replacing pipes contain semi preamble membranes at their ends. 5 represents a pipe with semi preamble membrane . 6 is where the pipe with semi preamble membrane on the end of the secondary pipe. 7 is a pipe with semi preamble membrane. 8 is a conical shaped collector where the most brine water to be discharged to the sea. 9 is a pipe where most brine water flows to the sea passing through turbine to generate water.

The method to conclude the number of required pipes have semi preamble membr jUes

1- In figure 9 the difference between the height of highest point of water level in the distillation chamber and the level of the inlet of the sink which 15is specified, and the pressure of water head resulting from this height.

2- Practically, the amount of fresh water produced per second in one pipe contains a semi preamble membrane is specified under the pressure concluded previously in no. 1. 3 - In figure 9 the amount of fresh water naturally flows in pipe 13 when applied to water pressure equals to the pressure concluded previously in no.

1

4- Dividing what has been concluded in 3 and 2 we realize the required number of pipes contain semi preamble membrane to be arranged in the secondary pipes.

5- Four folds of pips contain semi preamble membrane should be installed as concluded in 4 for maintenance purposes.

ef description of drawings

1 -Drawing, 1

Explains Pascal rule on the increased pressure

1 - vessel 1 its sectional area is 1cm ² .

2- vessel 2 its sectional area is big.

3- A weight applies pressure on the water surface in the vessel 1 , therefore the pressure is transferred to the whole liquid in vessel 2. The pressure is divided equally on all areas.

4- The pressure increase direction is upwardly as the arrows shows. 2-Drawing 2

Shows Pascal rule when pressure is reduced

1 -I mmovavle water surface.

2- The direction of reduced pressure over each area.

3- A vessel has a big surface area.

4- A reduced amount of pressure equals to the height of waterhead if its area is 1cm ² and the direction of reduction is from above the liquid surface to bottom.

5 - Liquid head on which reduced pressure is applied and its area is 1cm .

6- The weight reduces pressure.

3 -Figure 3

1 - Immovable Rectangular parallelepiped vessel surface.

2- The height of the liquid head that reduces the pressure moving to whole liquid in all directions.

3 - The direction of pressure reduction on the in inside surface of the liquid. 4- A vessel with big surface area.

5- A pipe its surface area is the space unit.

4-Figure 4

1- The direction of the pressure applied to the end of the pipe contains the brine water.

2- The end of the pipe contains fresh water, where the pressure is lower than the pressure applied to the end of the pipe contains brine water.

3 - The end of the pipe contains the brine water is higher than the pressure applied to the end of the pipe contains fresh water.

4- A semi preamble membrane.

5 - The direction of water transfer from brine water to fresh water because the pressure applied to the vessel contains brine water is bigger than the pressure applied to the vessel contains fresh water.

5 -Figure 5

1- The direction of draft force the reduces pressure on the vessel contains fresh water.

2- The amount of power that reduces pressure in the vessel contains fresh water.

3 - The end of vessel contains brine water.

4- The end of the vessel contains fresh water.

5- The direction of water transfer from brine water to fresh water because the pressure applied to the vessel contains brine water is bigger than the pressure applied to the vessel contains fresh water.

6- A semi preamble membrane.

6-Figure 6

1- A vessel contains brine water.

2- The direction of reducing pressure applied to the inside surface of liquid.

3 - Brine water.

4- A semi preamble membrane I n every pipe. The pipes are mounted in immovable surface. Such a surface separates the brine water at the top of the surface and fresh water at the bottom if the surface.

5- Immovavle surface separates the brine water at the top of the surface and the fresh water at the bottom of the surface. The immovable surface has pipes mounted thereto contain semi preamble membrane.

6- The pipes mounted in the surface separating the brine water from the fresh water and semi preamble membrane. 7- fresh water.

8- Apipe its section al area is areas unit and its lower end is submerged in fresh water sink.

9- The height of the liquid head reduces the pressure of fresh water so, the pressure of brine water is bigger, therefore the water is transferred from brine water to fresh water the height of the head is more than 35 1 because the osmosis pressure of fresh water starts at 2.8 bar. In order for the water to transfer from brine water to fresh water the difference between the fresh water and brine water is bigger than 3.8 bar and the pressure of fresh water is less than 2.8 compare to brine water.

10- An inlet for brine water.

11 -an inlet for fresh water.

12-a sink to collect fresh water.

7-Figure 7

Preserve power in a mechanical form.

1- A reservoir in a valley on mountain peak.

2- A mountain body.

3 - A pipe delivering brine water from the sea the reservoir on the mountain peak.

4- The direction of brine water flow.

5- A pipe to discharge brine water from the mountain peak to the sea.

6- The direction of brine water from the mountain peak to the sea.

7- A pipe to discharge brine water from the mountain peak to the sea.

8- The direction. of brine water from the mountain peak to the sea.

9- The sea,

10- A motor to uplift the sea water to the reservoir.

11 - A turbine to produce electricity generated from water falls from the mountain peak.

12- A turbine to produce electricity.

13 - The height of water of the sea. The position head could be calculated of water uplifted to the mountain peak.

14- The sea.

15 - the amount of water decreased on the mountain from which the resulting kinetic energy.

8-Figure 8

1- The body of the sea water reservoir and distillation chamber.

2- The lower part of the distillation chamber has upside down conical shape to collect the most brine water. 3- The measure of the water height of brine water preserved on the sea.

4- A motor to uplift brine water from the sea to the reservoir on the mountain peak.

5 - The sea.

6- The mount of height the fresh water and the most brine lose.

7- A turbine generates electricity when fresh water falls.

8- A sink through which fresh water passes to the river.

9- The sea.

10- A turbine generates electricity upon the most brine water falls. 11 -The mountain.

9-Figure 9:

I -A pipe to collect fresh water.

2- A distillation chamber.

3- The brine water reservoir.

4- The height of brine water inside the reservoir.

5- A pipe to uplift the sea water to the reservoir on the mountain. .

6- A motor to uplift brine water from the sea to the reservoir.

7- Tlie sea.

8- The reservoir.

9- The distillation chamber to distil sea water.

10- A pipe to transform the fresh water to the river.

I I -The reduction in fresh water height.

12- A turbine to generate electricity when fresh water passes through.

13- A pipe to transform fresh water to collect sink. The end of such pipe is always submerged under the water surface in the sink. The sink is always filled with the water. The sink is provided with a an opening to discharge excess water to the river.

14 - A sink to collect water and is always filled with water and is provided with an opening to discharge excess water to the river.

15 - The sink is provided with an upper opening to discharge excess water to the river.

16 - The river.

17- a turbine to generate water when the most brine water passes through.

18- The height of the most brine water fall.

19- Each pipe is provided with secondary valve to be opened so the fresh water does not mix with brine water in emergency cases.

20- An secondary pipe connected to pipes on its inside part of distillation chamber. It is also provided with semi preamble membrane. 21 -a pipe to transfer most brine water.

IP-Figure 10

1- A collect pipe.

2- Each secondary pipe has a valve.

3 - A secondary valve.

4- A pipe has a semi preamble pipe.

5 - The semi preamble membrane.

1 1 - Figure 1 1

1 -A secondary pipe.

2- A pipe has a semi preamble membrane.

3 - A secondary pipe.

4- A pipe contains a semi preamble membrane.

5 - a pipe to collect fresh water.

12- Figure 12

1- A valve to open/close the pipe as required or (allows the brine water to flow to the top of the reservoir and does not allow it to return to the sea).

2- valve to open close the pipe as required or (allows the brine water to flow to the top of the reservoir and does not allow it to return to the sea).

3- a secondary pipes.

4- -a pipe to collect fresh water.

5- A valve to open/close a pipe as required.

6- A valve to open/close a pipe as required.

7- A valve to open/close a pipe as required.

8- A valve to open/close a pipe as required.

9- a pipe for discharging the most salted water

10- a pipe having a valve for discharging the organic materials and suspended matters, sands, dust upon cleaning and maintenance works.

13 - Figure 13

1 -A secondary pipe.

2- a distillation chamber.

3 - An inlet to enter brine water to distilled. Such outlets provided with barriers to prevent dust and other impurities to enter distillation chamber.

4- The brine water reservoir.

14- Figure 14

1- A distillation chamber.

2- A secondary pipe.

3 - An inlet. 4- A valve mounted on the end of the secondary pipe for close/open the place where the pipe contains the semi preamble membrane is fixed during changing maintaining, or as desired.

5- A pipe contains a semi preamble membrane.

6- The place where a pipe contains semi preamble membrane on the end of the secondary pipe.

7- A pipe contains a semi preamble membrane.

8- The lower part body of the distillation chamber has an upside down conical shape to collect the most brine water and is connected to a pipe to discharge the most brine water to the sea.

9- a pipe to discharge the most brine water to the sea.

The method of exploitation

1 -The pipes contain semi preamble membrane are not in the installed. The valves 7 & 8 are closed as in the figure 12. The valves 4 figure 14m 2 in figure 10 and 19 in figure 9 arranged on the ends of distillation pipes are opened.

2- The reservoir 3 in figure 9, distillation chamber 2, transfer pipes 10 & 21 and water sinlc 14 till reaches inlet 15 as in figure 9, are all filled.

3- The pipes contain semi preamble membrane on the ends of secondary pipes, so when the valves of transfer pipes 10 & 21 are opened the operation process starts and water is directed from the sink inlet to collect fresh water and discharge the most brine water to the seam, while fresh water is directed to the river.