CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No.: 63/317584 filed on March 8, 2022, the content of which is relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to rollable laser phosphor displays, methods of forming a sheet, and methods of forming a color converter sheet and, more particularly, rollable laser phosphor displays configured to roll into a rolled configuration and unroll into a planar configuration, methods of forming a sheet comprising removing a plurality of portions of a mask, methods of forming a color converter sheet comprising removing a plurality of portions of a mask, and method of forming a color converter sheet comprising a plurality of capillaries.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Glass-based substrates are commonly used, for example, in display devices, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), electrophoretic displays (EPD), organic light-emitting diode displays (OLEDs), plasma display panels (PDPs), laser phosphor displays (LPDs), or the like. It is known to use color converter sheets in LPDs.

[0004] There is a desire to develop increasingly larger displays (e.g., LPDs) that can be easily transported and assembled while providing a uniform viewing surface. There is a desire to develop methods to more efficiently form color converter sheets used in displays (e.g., LPDs).

SUMMARY

[0005] There are set forth herein a rollable laser phosphor display and methods of forming a rollable laser phosphor display. Providing a rollable laser phosphor display can enable a rolled rollable laser phosphor display to be contained in a relatively small package relative to its unrolled (e.g., planar) configuration. For example, a rollable laser phosphor display can be beneficial for storage and/or transportation of the rollable laser phosphor display, which can enable larger laser phosphor display viewing areas to be sold directly to consumers. Providing an interlocking mechanism can enable the rollable laser phosphor display to be secured in an unrolled (e.g., planar) configuration for viewing.

[0006] The rollable laser phosphor display can comprise a plurality of elongated sections, which enable the rollable laser phosphor display to be rolled. Providing a cover substrate extending across the plurality of elongated sections can provide a smooth (e.g., planar) surface for avoiding optical distortions while viewing the rollable laser phosphor display. Providing the cover substrate and/or a substrate of a color converter sheet of an elongated comprising a glass-based substrate or a ceramic-based substrate can provide good dimensional stability, reduced incidence of mechanical instabilities, good impact resistance, and/or good puncture resistance.

[0007] An elongated section (e.g., each elongated section) of the plurality of elongated sections can be a self-contained laser phosphor display comprising a color converter sheet and a plurality of light sources configured to scan the color converter sheet. Providing a plurality of elongated sections comprising a color converter sheet and at least one light source in a spaced relationship can enable straightforward assembly (e.g., unrolling and/or interlocking the plurality of the elongated sections), for example, by the consumer without requiring special assembly or professional installation. Providing a plurality of light sources in an elongated section where each light source is configured to scan a non-overlapping target scan area can reduce a depth of the elongated section and the rollable elongated section, which reduces an area required to place, store, and/or transport the rollable laser phosphor display.

[0008] Color converter sheets (e.g., in a rollable laser phosphor display, in an LED device) can comprise one or more gaps (e.g., air gaps, evacuated space) at a surface of a photoluminescent phosphor or a quantum dot layer, which can increase an efficiency (e.g., luminance, conversion efficiency, extraction efficiency) of the color converter sheet and/or increase a directionality (e.g., local dimming index, image clarity, perceived brightness) of an image viewed from a display comprising the color converter sheet. Providing a material capable of undergoing sublimation can be used to form the one or more gaps by acting as a spacer during methods of making the color converter sheet, where the material can be removed by sublimation later in the methods. Providing one or more adhesive layers (e.g., optically clear adhesive) can enable the color converter sheet to be manufactured from separated fabricated substrates and walls. Providing walls comprising reflective material between pixel and/or sub-pixels of a color converter sheet can increase an efficiency (e.g., luminance, extraction efficiency) of the color converter sheet and/or provide isolation of the light in one sub-pixel from adjacent sub-pixels. Providing a material comprising a polymer and a metallic component that can be cured such that the polymer is surrounded by a metal layer can simplify fabrication of the reflective walls. Providing the dichroic mirror can reduce spurious emissions from the color converter sheet, and/or increase an efficiency of (e.g., brightness emitted from) the color converter sheet.

[0009] Methods of forming a sheet (e.g., color converter sheet) can comprise sequentially exposing sections of a substrate to enable efficient deposition of components. For example, a planar device can be formed by sequentially exposing sections of a substrate, where a different component is disposed in each section. Sequentially exposing sections of a substrate can eliminate wasted material of a component, for example, by reducing the material disposed relative to an amount of material in the final product. Further, physically separated sections of a substrate can be exposed at the same time, where each exposed section is to have the same components disposed on thereon can simplify and/or streamline manufacturing. For example, in methods of making a color converter sheet, sections corresponding to red sub-pixels can be exposed at the same time followed by exposing sections corresponding to green subpixels and/or then exposing a section corresponding to blue sub-pixels. Moreover, deposition methods can be simplified for each exposed section, for example, enabling using of a doctor blade (e.g., squeegee) rather than more complex, time-intensive, and/or labor-intensive deposition methods. Also, using a negative photoresist in manufacturing reflective walls in a component of a display device (e.g., color converter sheet) can simplify manufacturing by taking advantage of an existing absorptive material disposed on a substrate to pattern and align spaces for the reflective walls. [0010] Methods of forming a color converter sheet can comprise drawing material into one or more capillaries (e.g., applying a vacuum to suction material from an ink bath). Providing a plurality of capillaries with both ends exposed can enable multiple capillaries to be filled with material simultaneously. While a plurality of capillaries is exposed and filled, another plurality of capillaries can be capped (e.g., sealed) at one end to prevent those capillaries from being filled. Sequentially rotating which capillaries are open at both ends versus capped (e.g., at least one end) can enable multiple materials to be loaded into corresponding pluralities of capillaries. For example with a color converter sheet, capillaries corresponding to red sub-pixels can be filled by applying a vacuum while capillaries corresponding to blue sub-pixels and green sub-pixels are capped at one end. The capillaries can be formed by attaching a plurality of walls to a first substrate and a second substrate (e.g., using one or more optically clear adhesive(s)). Filling a plurality of capillaries extending a length or width of the color converter sheet can result in a stripe pattern color converter sheet with reduced processing complexity. Filling the plurality of capillaries using a vacuum can reduce processing time, for example, with three vacuum steps to fill all the capillaries.

[0011] Methods of forming a color converter sheet can generate a plurality of capillaries by wrapping a wire around a spindle. Providing a spindle with a second recess opposite the first recess can enable multiple (e.g., 2) color converter sheets to be manufactured substantially simultaneously using the same spindle (e.g., spindle apparatus) and the same plurality of substantially parallel traces, which increases efficiency both in terms of time and space requirements as well as in terms of material costs. Providing a taught wire (e.g., plurality of traces) can reduce material costs and provide traces (e.g., walls) in substantial registration with the absorptive material between adjacent pairs of color filters.

[0012] Methods of forming a color converter sheet can comprise attaching a plurality of yams comprising a photoluminescent material and a metallic layer together. Methods can enable mass production of the yams as a metallized sheet that can be formed and then separated into a plurality of yams. The yams can be loaded on a spool comprising a plurality of grooves. Providing a spacing distance between adjacent grooves in the first spool and/or between adjacent first yams can position the yams such that they can be easily combined with a second set of second and a third set of yams to form a color converter sheet with minimal complexity or complications. Providing a difference in offset distances between the first spool, the second spool, and/or the third spool can reduce complexity and/or complications associated with combining the yams on the different spools together.

[0013] Some example aspects of the disclosure are described below with the understanding that any of the features of the various aspects may be used alone or in combination with one another.

[0014] Aspect 1. A rollable laser phosphor display comprises a plurality of elongated sections. Each elongated section comprises a color converter sheet comprising a plurality of pixels. The elongated section comprises a plurality of light sources arranged in a row. Each light source is positioned to scan a corresponding target scan area of a first surface area of the color converter sheet. The elongated section comprises a cover sheet attached to and extending across a second surface area of the color converter sheet of each elongated section, the second surface area and the first surface area facing opposite directions. The rollable laser phosphor display is configured to be rolled into a rolled configuration and configured to be unrolled into a substantial planar configuration with adjacent elongated sections interlocked together in the substantially planar configuration.

[0015] Aspect 2. The rollable laser phosphor display of aspect 1, wherein the target scan area of the first surface area corresponding to a first light source does not overlap with the target scan area of the first surface area corresponding to a second light source.

[0016] Aspect 3. The rollable laser phosphor display of any one of aspects 1-2, wherein, in the rolled configuration, an angle between a color converter sheet of a first elongated section and a color converter sheet of a second elongated section adjacent to the first elongated section is in a range from about 130° to about 160°.

[0017] Aspect 4. The rollable laser phosphor display of any one of aspects 1-3, wherein an outer diameter of the rolled configuration is less than 1/3 of a maximum dimension of the rollable laser phosphor display in the planar configuration. [0018] Aspect 5. The rollable laser phosphor display of any one of aspects 1-3, wherein a maximum dimension of the rollable laser phosphor display in the planar configuration is about 2 meters or more.

[0019] Aspect 6. The rollable laser phosphor display of any one of aspects 1-5, wherein at least a portion of the color converter sheet of an elongated section comprising the second surface area comprises a glass-based sheet or a ceramic-based sheet.

[0020] Aspect 7. The rollable laser phosphor display of any one of aspects 1-5, wherein at least a portion of the color converter sheet of an elongated section comprising the second surface area comprises a polymer-based material.

[0021] Aspect 8. The rollable laser phosphor display of any one of aspects 1-7, wherein the cover sheet comprises a glass sheet comprising a thickness from about 25 micrometers to about 300 micrometers.

[0022] Aspect 9. The rollable laser phosphor display of any one of aspects 1-7, wherein the cover sheet comprises a polymer-based material

[0023] Aspect 10. The rollable laser phosphor display of any one of aspects 1-9, further comprising a frame attached to the color converter sheet of an elongated section and housing the plurality of light sources of the corresponding elongated section.

[0024] Aspect 11. The rollable laser phosphor display of any one of aspects 1-10, wherein the color converter sheet comprises a plurality of sub-pixels and a plurality of walls separating pairs of the plurality of sub-pixel. At least one of the plurality of walls comprises a polymer material surrounded by a metal layer.

[0025] Aspect 12. A color converter sheet comprises a plurality of sub-pixels and a plurality of walls separating pairs of the plurality of sub-pixels. At least one of the plurality of walls comprises a polymer material surrounded by a metal layer.

[0026] Aspect 13. The color converter sheet of any one of aspects 11-12, wherein the metal layer comprises silver.

[0027] Aspect 14. The color converter sheet of any one of aspects 11-13, wherein the metal layer comprises metal nanoparticles.

[0028] Aspect 15. The color converter sheet of any one of aspects 11-14, wherein the polymer material comprises an acrylic polymer. [0029] Aspect 16. A color converter sheet comprises a plurality of sub-pixels comprising a photoluminescent material. The color converter sheet comprises a plurality of walls separating pairs of the plurality of sub-pixels. At least one the plurality of walls contacts a first sub-pixel of a pair of the plurality of sub-pixel. As second sub-pixel of the pair of the plurality of sub-pixels is attached to the wall.

[0030] Aspect 17. The color converter sheet of aspect 16, wherein the plurality of walls comprise a metallic material.

[0031] Aspect 18. The color converter sheet of any one of aspects 16-17, wherein the second sub-pixel is attached to the wall with an adhesive comprising an adhesive thickness between the wall and the second sub-pixel is in a range from about 1 micrometer to about 10 micrometers.

[0032] Aspect 19. The color converter sheet of any one of aspects 16-18, further comprising a plurality of first gaps between the plurality of sub-pixels and a plurality of color filters. The plurality of first gaps comprises evacuated space, air, nitrogen, a noble gas, or combinations thereof.

[0033] Aspect 20. The color converter sheet of aspect 19, further comprising a plurality of second gaps between the plurality of sub-pixels and a substrate. The plurality of second gaps comprises evacuated space, air, nitrogen, a noble gas, or combinations thereof.

[0034] Aspect 21. A method of forming a color converter sheet comprising a substrate having a plurality of absorptive lines disposed on a first major surface thereof. The method comprising disposing a negative photoresist over the first major surface of the substrate. The method comprises developing the negative photoresist with light travelling through the substrate towards the negative photoresist. The method comprises removing a plurality of first portions corresponding to the plurality of absorptive lines to form a plurality of first spaces. The method comprises disposing a reflective material in the plurality of first spaces and curing the reflective material. After curing the reflective material, the method comprises exposing a plurality of second portions of the first major surface. Each second portion of the plurality of second portions is bounded by the reflective material. The method comprises disposing a first absorptive material on the plurality of second portions. The method comprises disposing a first photoluminescent material on the first absorptive material and the plurality of second portions. After disposing the first photoluminescent material, the method comprises exposing a plurality of third portions of the first major surface. The method comprises disposing a second absorptive material on the plurality of third portions. The method comprises disposing a second photoluminescent material on the second absorptive material and the plurality of third portions.

[0035] Aspect 22. The method of aspect 21, wherein disposing the reflective material comprises disposing acrylate monomers and metal nanoparticles. The method comprises curing the acrylate monomers and metal nanoparticles to form the reflective material comprising an acrylic polymer surrounded by a metal layer comprising the metal nanoparticles.

[0036] Aspect 23. The method of any one of aspects 21-22, wherein the exposing the plurality of second portions comprises disposing a stencil over the negative photoresist and the reflective material such that portions of the negative photoresist corresponding to the plurality of second portions are exposed. The method comprises etching the corresponding portions of the negative photoresist to expose the plurality of second portions.

[0037] Aspect 24. The method of aspect 23, wherein the exposing the plurality of third portions comprises disposing a second stencil over the negative photoresist, the reflective material, and the first photoluminescent material to expose the portions of the negative photoresist to the plurality of third portions are exposed. The method comprises etching the corresponding portions of the negative photoresist to expose the plurality of third portions.

[0038] Aspect 25. The method of any one of aspects 21-22, wherein the exposing the plurality of second portions comprises removing the negative photoresist. The method comprises disposing a positive photoresist on the first major surface, a first surface area of the positive photoresist extends along a common plane a surface of the reflective material. The method comprises developing a plurality of fourth portions of the positive photoresist corresponding to the plurality of second portions using a photomask. The method comprises removing the plurality of fourth portions to expose the plurality of second portions. [0039] Aspect 26. The method of aspect 25, wherein the exposing the plurality of third portions comprises developing a plurality of fifth portions of the positive photoresist corresponding to the plurality of third portions using another photomask. The method comprises removing the plurality of fifth portions to expose the plurality of third portions.

[0040] Aspect 27. The method of any one of aspects 21-26, wherein disposing the reflective material, disposing the first photoluminescent material, and/or disposing the second photoluminescent material comprises using a doctor blade.

[0041] Aspect 28. The method of any one of aspects 21-27, wherein disposing the first absorptive material comprises disposing a first solution comprising the first absorptive material and a solvent on the plurality of second portions using a doctor blade. The method comprises evaporating the solvent.

[0042] Aspect 29. The method of any one of aspects 21-28, further comprising, before disposing the first photoluminescent material, disposing a layer of a material capable of sublimation on the first absorptive material.

[0043] Aspect 30. The method of any one of aspects 21-28, further comprising, before disposing the second absorptive material, disposing a layer of a material capable of sublimation on the first photoluminescent material. A surface of the material capable of sublimation extends along a common plane with the surface of the reflective material.

[0044] Aspect 31. The method of any one of aspects 29-30, further comprising, after disposing the second photoluminescent material, sublimating the material capable of sublimation to form a gap where the material capable of sublimation was located.

[0045] Aspect 32. The method of any one of aspects 21-31, wherein the first photoluminescent material comprises a phosphor.

[0046] Aspect 33. The method of any one of aspects 21-31, wherein the first photoluminescent material comprises quantum dots.

[0047] Aspect 34. The method of any one of aspects 21-33, wherein the substrate comprises a glass-based material or a ceramic-based material.

[0048] Aspect 35. The method of any one of aspects 21-34, further comprising attaching a dichroic mirror to the surface of the reflective material.

[0049] Aspect 36. A method of forming a color converter sheet, where the color converter sheet comprises a plurality of capillaries defined by a first substrate, a second substrate, and a plurality of walls extending between the first substrate and the second substrate. The plurality of capillaries comprising at least three sets of capillaries. The method comprising drawing a first ink up a first set of capillaries from a first ink bath while one end of the second set of capillaries is covered and one end of a third set of capillaries is covered. The method comprises drawing a second ink up the second set of capillaries from a second ink bath while one end of the first set of capillaries is covered and one end of the third set of capillaries is covered. The method comprises drawing a third ink up the third set of capillaries from a third ink bath while one end of the first set of capillaries is covered and one end of the second set of capillaries is covered. The method comprises curing the first ink, curing the second ink, and curing the third ink.

[0050] Aspect 37. The method of aspect 36, wherein the first ink comprises a photoluminescent phosphor or a quantum dot, and the second ink comprises a photoluminescent phosphor or a quantum dot.

[0051] Aspect 38. The method of any one of aspects 36-37, wherein drawing the first ink up the first set of capillaries comprises applying a vacuum to an end of the first set of capillaries opposite the first ink bath.

[0052] Aspect 39. The method of any one of aspects 36-38, wherein, before the drawing the first ink up the first set of capillaries further comprises patterning a photoresist into the plurality of walls, the plurality of walls disposed on a lift-off resist, the lift-off resist disposed on a carrier. The method comprises metallizing the plurality of walls. The method comprises attaching the plurality of walls to the first substrate comprising a plurality of color filters and an absorptive material with a first adhesive layer. The plurality of color filters positioned between the first substrate and the plurality of walls. The method comprises separating the carrier from the plurality of walls. The method comprises attaching the second substrate to the plurality of walls with a second adhesive layer. A dichroic mirror disposed on the second substrate, the dichroic mirror positioned between the plurality of walls and the second substrate.

[0053] Aspect 40. The method of any one of aspects 36-38, wherein, before the drawing the first ink up the first set of capillaries, further comprises wrapping a wire around a spindle to form a plurality of substantially parallel traces extending across the spindle. The method comprises placing the first substrate in a first recess of the spindle. The first substrate is positioned between the plurality of substantially parallel traces and the spindle. A plurality of color filters is separated by an absorptive material disposed on the first substrate. The plurality of color filters is positioned between the first substrate and the plurality of substantially parallel traces. A first adhesive layer is positioned between the plurality of color filters and the plurality of substantially parallel traces. The method comprises placing the second substrate on the plurality of substantially parallel traces such that the plurality of substantially parallel traces is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate. A second adhesive layer is positioned between the plurality of substantially parallel traces and the second substrate. A dichroic mirror is positioned between the second substrate and the plurality of substantially parallel traces. The method comprises curing the first adhesive layer to bond the first substrate to the plurality of substantially parallel traces. The method comprises curing the second adhesive layer to bond the second substrate to the plurality of substantially parallel traces. The method comprises trimming the wire such that the plurality of substantially parallel traces extend substantially within a space between the first substrate and the second substrate as the plurality of walls.

[0054] Aspect 41. A method of making a color converter sheet comprising patterning a photoresist into a plurality of walls, the plurality of walls disposed on a liftoff resist, the lift-off resist disposed on a carrier. The method comprises metallizing the plurality of walls. The method comprises attaching the plurality of walls to a first substrate comprising a plurality of color filters and an absorptive material with a first adhesive layer, the plurality of color filters positioned between the first substrate and the plurality of walls. The method comprises separating the carrier from the plurality of walls. The method comprises attaching a second substrate to the plurality of walls with a second adhesive layer. The method comprises filling a plurality of capillaries defined between the first substrate, the second substrate, and the plurality of walls with a plurality of inks. The method comprises curing at least a first ink of the plurality of inks.

[0055] Aspect 42. The method of aspect 41, wherein an ink of the plurality of inks comprises a photoluminescent phosphor or a quantum dot.

[0056] Aspect 43. The method of aspect 39 or aspect 41, wherein curing the first ink forms a gap between the cured first ink and the second adhesive layer. [0057] Aspect 44. The method of aspect 39 or aspect 41, wherein a first refractive index of the first adhesive layer is less than a second refractive index of the second adhesive layer.

[0058] Aspect 45. The method of aspect 44, wherein the first refractive index is less than the second refractive index by about 0.05 or more.

[0059] Aspect 46. The method of any one of aspects 44-45, wherein the first refractive index is less than a refractive index of the cured first ink.

[0060] Aspect 47. The method of aspect 39 or aspect 41, wherein metallizing the plurality of walls comprises sputtering aluminum.

[0061] Aspect 48. The method of any one of aspects 39-47, wherein the first substrate comprises an anti-reflective layer positioned opposite the plurality of color filters.

[0062] Aspect 49. The method of any one of aspects 36-48, wherein the substrate comprises a glass-based material or a ceramic-based material, and/or the second substrate comprises a glass-based material or a ceramic-based material.

[0063] Aspect 50. A method of forming a color converter sheet comprises attaching a plurality of yams with a plurality of adhesive layers to form a composite sheet. A first yam comprises a first photoluminescent material comprising a first surface area contacting a first metal layer and a second surface area opposite the first surface area. The second surface area contacts a first adhesive layer. The first metal layer contacts a second adhesive layer. A second yam comprises a second photoluminescent material comprising a third surface area contacting a second metal layer and a fourth surface area opposite the third surface area. The fourth surface area contacts the second adhesive layer. The second metal layer contacting a third adhesive layer. A third yam comprises a third material comprising a fifth surface area contacting a third metal layer and a sixth surface area opposite the fifth surface area. The fifth surface area contacting the third adhesive layer.

[0064] Aspect 51. The method of aspect 50, further comprises disposing a metallic layer on a first major surface of a sheet of the first photoluminescent material to form a first metallized sheet. The method further comprises separating the first metallized sheet to form at least the first yam. [0065] Aspect 52. The method of aspect 51, wherein disposing the metallic layer comprises sputtering.

[0066] Aspect 53. The method of aspect 50, further comprises disposing a first ink on a metallic layer. The method further comprises curing the first ink to form the first photo luminescent material with a first major surface contacting the metallic layer A first metallized sheet comprises the metallic layer and the first photoluminescent material.

[0067] Aspect 54. The method any one of aspects 50-53, wherein the first metal layer comprises aluminum.

[0068] Aspect 55. The method of any one of aspects 50-54, wherein a thickness of the first metal layer defined between the first photoluminescent material and the first adhesive layer is in a range from about 1 micrometer to about 10 micrometers.

[0069] Aspect 56. The method of any one of aspects 50-55, wherein the attaching the plurality of yams with the plurality of adhesive layers to form the composite sheet further comprises loading a first set of the plurality of yams in a corresponding plurality of grooves in a first spool. The attaching further comprises loading a second set of the plurality of yams in a corresponding plurality of grooves in a second spool. The attaching further comprises loading a third set of the plurality of yams in a corresponding plurality of grooves in a third spool. The attaching further comprises drawing the first set of the plurality of yams, the second set of the plurality of yams, and the third set of the plurality of yams from the corresponding spools together with a pair of rollers. The first set of the plurality of yams includes the first yam. The second set of the plurality of yams includes the second yam. The third set of the plurality of yams includes the third yam.

[0070] Aspect 57. The method of aspect 56, wherein a distance between an adjacent pair of yams in the first spool is about 2 times a thickness between the first metal layer and the second surface area of the first photoluminescent material.

[0071] Aspect 58. The method of aspect 57, wherein the plurality of grooves in the first spool are offset from the plurality of grooves in the second spool by about the thickness of the first yam.

[0072] Aspect 59. The method of any one of claims 50-58, further comprises disposing the composite sheet on a first substrate, a plurality of color filters separated by an absorptive material disposed on the first substrate such that the plurality of color filters are positioned between the first substrate and the composite sheet. The method further comprises disposing a second substrate on the composite sheet opposite the first substrate.

[0073] Aspect 60. The method of aspect 49, wherein the plurality of color filters are in registration with the first photoluminescent material, the second photoluminescent material, and the third material in the composite sheet.

[0074] Aspect 61. The method of any one of aspects 49-60, wherein disposing the composite sheet on the first substrate forms a first gap between the first photoluminescent material of the composite sheet and the plurality of color filters. The first gap comprises evacuated space, air, nitrogen, a noble gas, or combinations thereof.

[0075] Aspect 62. The method of any one of aspects 59-61, wherein a dichroic mirror is disposed on the second substrate such that the dichroic mirror is positioned between the second substrate and the composite sheet. The disposing the second substrate on the composite sheet forms a second gap between the first photoluminescent material of the composite sheet and the dichroic mirror. The second gap comprises evacuated space, air, nitrogen, a noble gas, or combinations thereof.

[0076] Aspect 63. The method of aspect 62, further comprising applying a sealing layer between the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0077] Aspect 64. The method of any one of aspects 50-63, wherein the first photoluminescent material comprises a photoluminescent phosphor or a quantum dot.

[0078] Aspect 65. The method of any one of aspects 50-65, wherein the first substrate comprises a glass-based material or a ceramic-based material, and/or the second substrate comprises a glass-based material or a ceramic-based material.

[0079] Aspect 66. A method of making a color converter sheet comprises wrapping a wire around a spindle to form a plurality of substantially parallel traces extending across the spindle. The method comprises placing a first substrate in a first recess of the spindle, the first substrate positioned between the plurality of substantially parallel traces and the spindle. A plurality of color filters separated by an absorptive material disposed on the first substrate. The plurality of color filters is positioned between the first substrate and the plurality of substantially parallel traces. A first adhesive layer is positioned between the plurality of color filters and the plurality of substantially parallel traces. The method comprises placing a second substrate on the plurality of substantially parallel traces such that the plurality of substantially parallel traces is positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate. A second adhesive layer is positioned between the plurality of substantially parallel traces and the second substrate. The method comprises curing the first adhesive layer to bond the first substrate to the plurality of substantially parallel traces. The method comprises curing the second adhesive layer to bond the second substrate to the plurality of substantially parallel traces. The method comprises trimming the wire such that the plurality of substantially parallel traces extend substantially within a space between the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0080] Aspect 67. The method of aspect 66, wherein a dichroic mirror is positioned between the second substrate and the plurality of substantially parallel traces.

[0081] Aspect 68. The method of any one of aspects 66-67, further comprises disposing a first photoluminescent material within a first set of capillaries defined between the first substrate, the second substrate, and an adjacent pair of traces of the plurality of substantially parallel traces. The method comprises disposing a second photoluminescent material within a second set of capillaries defined between the first substrate, the second substrate, and the adjacent pair of traces of the plurality of substantially parallel traces.

[0082] Aspect 69. The method of aspect 68, wherein the first photoluminescent material comprises a photoluminescent phosphor or a quantum dot.

[0083] Aspect 70. The method of any one of aspects 66-69, wherein the spindle comprises a plurality of grooves along a periphery of the spindle, and the wrapping the wire around the spindle places the wire within the plurality of grooves.

[0084] Aspect 71. The method of any one of aspects 66-70, wherein the spindle comprises a second recess opposite the first recess, the method further comprising, before trimming the wire, placing an another first substrate in the second recess of the spindle, the another first substrate positioned between the plurality of substantially parallel traces and the spindle. An another plurality of color filters is separated by an another absorptive material disposed on the another first substrate. The another plurality of color filters is positioned between the another first substrate and the plurality of substantially parallel traces. An another first adhesive layer is positioned between the another plurality of color filters and the plurality of substantially parallel traces. The method further comprises placing an another second substrate on the plurality of substantially parallel traces such that the plurality of substantially parallel traces is positioned between the another first substrate and the another second substrate. An another second adhesive layer is positioned between the plurality of substantially parallel traces and the another second substrate. The method further comprises curing the another first adhesive layer to bond the another first substrate to the substantially plurality of parallel traces. The method further comprises curing the another second adhesive layer to bond the another second substrate to the plurality of parallel traces. The trimming the wire further comprises trimming wire such that plurality of substantially parallel traces extend substantially within an another space between the another first substrate and the another second substrate.

[0085] Aspect 72. The method of any one of aspects 67-71, wherein the first substrate comprises a glass-based material or a ceramic-based material, and/or the second substrate comprises a glass-based material or a ceramic-based material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0086] The above and other features and advantages of aspects of the present disclosure are better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0087] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an example rollable laser phosphor display in a rolled configuration in accordance with aspects, wherein a schematic view of the planar configuration may appear as shown in FIGS. 3-4;

[0088] FIG. 2 is a view of the rollable laser phosphor display along line 2-2 of FIG. 1 in accordance with aspects;

[0089] FIGS. 3-4 are schematic views of an example rollable laser phosphor display in a planar configuration, wherein a schematic view of the rolled configuration may appear as shown in FIG. 1;

[0090] FIGS. 5-6 are cross-sectional views of example color converter sheet in accordance with aspects;

[0091] FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating example methods of making a sheet and/or a color converter sheet in accordance with aspects of the disclosure; [0092] FIGS. 8-31 schematically illustrate steps in a method of making a sheet and/or a color converter sheet;

[0093] FIG. 32 is a flow chart illustrating example methods making a color converter sheet in accordance with aspects of the disclosure;

[0094] FIGS. 33-54 schematically illustrate steps in a method of making a color converter sheet;

[0095] FIG. 55 is a flow chart illustrate example methods of making a color converter sheet in accordance with aspects of the disclosure; and

[0096] FIGS. 56-63 schematically illustrates steps in a method of making a color converter sheet shown in FIG. 63.

[0097] Throughout the disclosure, the drawings are used to emphasize certain aspects. As such, it should not be assumed that the relative size of different regions, portions, and substrates shown in the drawings are proportional to its actual relative size, unless explicitly indicated otherwise.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0098] Aspects will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which example aspects are shown. Whenever possible, the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. However, claims may encompass many different aspects of various aspects and should not be construed as limited to the aspects set forth herein.

[0099] FIGS. 1-4 illustrate schematic views of a rollable laser phosphor display 101 and 301, and FIGS. 2, 5-6, and 63 illustrate schematic views of a color converter sheet 261a, 261b, 501, 601, and/or 6301 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. Unless otherwise noted, a discussion of features of aspects of one rollable laser phosphor display and/or color converter sheet can apply equally to corresponding features of any aspects of the disclosure. For example, identical part numbers throughout the disclosure can indicate that, in some aspects, the identified features are identical to one another and that the discussion of the identified feature of one aspect, unless otherwise noted, can apply equally to the identified feature of any of the other aspects of the disclosure.

[00100] As shown in FIGS. 1-2, example aspects of the rollable laser phosphor display 101 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure in a rolled configuration while FIGS. 3-4 demonstrate the rollable laser phosphor display 301 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure in an unrolled configuration (e.g., substantially planar configuration, planar configuration). As shown in FIGS. 1-2, example aspects of a rollable laser phosphor display 101 can comprise a plurality of elongated sections (e.g., elongated sections 103a and 103b or 103a-1031).

[00101] As shown in FIGS. 2-3, each elongated section (e.g., any one of elongated sections 103a-1031) of the plurality of elongated sections can comprise a color converter sheet. For example, FIG. 2 illustrates a plurality of elongated sections 103a and 103b comprising a first elongated section 103a with a first color converter sheet 261a and a second elongated section 103b comprising a second color converter sheet 261b. Although two elongated sections 103a, 103b with corresponding color converters sheets 261a, 261b are illustrated linked together, in further aspects, three or more elongate sections with corresponding color converter sheets may be provided that are likewise linked together in series. As shown in FIG. 2, the first elongated section 103a can be identical to the second elongated section 103b wherein the first color converter sheet 261a can be identical to the second color converter sheet 261b. FIGS. 5-6, and 63 illustrate alternative aspects of color converter sheets 501, 601, and 6301. In some aspects, one all of the elongated sections of the plurality of elongated sections (e.g., 103a and 103b or 103a-1031) can comprise identical color converter sheets (e.g., 261a, 261b, 501, 601, or 6301) or any combination of one or more of the color converter sheets (e.g., 261a, 261b, 501, 601, or 6301). For purposes of discussion, unless otherwise noted, discussion of features of one color converter sheet (e.g., of FIGS. 2, 5-6, and 63) can apply to any of the other color converter sheets (e.g., of FIGS. 2, 5-6, and 63).

[00102] In aspects, as shown in FIGS. 2, 5-6, and 63, the color converter sheet 261a, 261b, 501, 601, and/or 6301 can comprise a first substrate 211a and/or 211b and a second substrate 231a and/or 231b. In further aspects, the first substrate 211a and/or 211b and/or the second substrate 231a and/or 231b can comprise a glass-based material and/or a ceramic-based material. In further aspects, the first substrate 211a and/or 211b and/or the second substrate 231a and/or 231b can comprise a polymer- based material. [00103] As used herein, “glass-based” material includes both glasses and glass-ceramics, wherein glass-ceramics have one or more crystalline phases and an amorphous, residual glass phase. A glass-based material (e.g., glass-based substrate) may comprise an amorphous material (e.g., glass) and optionally one or more crystalline materials (e.g., ceramic). Amorphous materials and glass-based materials may be strengthened. As used herein, the term “strengthened” may refer to a material that has been chemically strengthened, for example, through ion-exchange of larger ions for smaller ions in the surface of the substrate, as discussed below. However, other strengthening methods, for example, thermal tempering, or utilizing a mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion between portions of the substrate to create compressive stress and central tension regions, may be utilized to form strengthened substrates. Exemplary glass-based materials, which may be free of lithia or not, comprise soda lime glass, alkali aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminoborosilicate glass, alkali-containing phosphosilicate glass, and alkali-containing aluminophosphosilicate glass. “Glass-ceramics” include materials produced through controlled crystallization of glass. In aspects, glass-ceramics have about 1% to about 99% crystallinity. Exemplary aspects of suitable glass-ceramics may include Li2O-A12O3-SiO2 system (i.e., LAS-System) glass-ceramics, MgO-AhCh-SiCh system (i.e., MAS-System) glass-ceramics, ZnO x AI2O3 ^x nSiCE (i.e., ZAS system), and/or glass-ceramics that include a predominant crystal phase including 0-quartz solid solution, P-spodumene, cordierite, petalite, and/or lithium disilicate. The glass-ceramic substrates may be strengthened using the chemical strengthening processes, for example, an MAS-system glass-ceramic material may be strengthened in Li2SO4 molten salt.

[00104] As used herein, “ceramic-based” includes both ceramics and glassceramics, wherein glass-ceramics have one or more crystalline phases and an amorphous, residual glass phase. Ceramic-based materials can be strengthened (e.g., chemically strengthened). In aspects, a ceramic-based material can be formed by heating a glassbased material to form ceramic (e.g., crystalline) portions. In further aspects, ceramicbased materials can comprise one or more nucleating agents that can facilitate the formation of crystalline phase(s). In aspects, ceramic-based materials can comprise one or more oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, carbides, borides, and/or silicides. Example aspects of ceramic oxides include zirconia (ZrCh), zircon (ZrSiC ), an alkali -metal oxide (e.g., sodium oxide (Na2O)), an alkali earth metal oxide (e.g., magnesium oxide (MgO)), titania (TiCh), hafnium oxide (Hf2O), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), iron oxides, beryllium oxides, vanadium oxide (VO2), fused quartz, mullite (a mineral comprising a combination of aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide), and spinel (MgAhC ). Example aspects of ceramic nitrides include silicon nitride (SiaN4), aluminum nitride (AIN), gallium nitride (GaN), beryllium nitride (BC3N2), boron nitride (BN), tungsten nitride (WN), vanadium nitride, alkali earth metal nitrides (e.g., magnesium nitride (MgsN2)), nickel nitride, and tantalum nitride. Example aspects of oxynitride ceramics include silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxynitride, and a silicon-aluminum oxynitride.

[00105] In further aspects, the first substrate 211a and/or 211b and/or the second substrate 231a and/or 231b can comprise a pencil hardness of 8H or more, for example, 9H or more. As used herein, pencil hardness is measured in accordance with ASTM D 3363-20 using standard lead graded pencils. Throughout the disclosure, an elastic modulus (e.g., Young’s modulus) and/or a Poisson’s ratio is measured using ISO 527-1:2019. In aspects, the first substrate 211a and/or 211b and/or the second substrate 231a and/or 231b can comprise an elastic modulus of about 1 GigaPascal (GPa) or more, about 3 GPa or more, about 5 GPa or more, about 10 GPa or more, about 100 GPa or less, about 80 GPa or less, about 60 GPa or less, or about 20 GPa or less. In aspects, the first substrate 211a and/or 211b and/or the second substrate 231a and/or 231b can comprise an elastic modulus in a range from about 1 GPa to about 100 GPa, from about 3 GPa to about 80 GPa, from about 5 GPa to about 60 GPa, from about 10 GPa to about 20 GPa, or any range or subrange therebetween. In further aspects, the first substrate 211a and/or 211b and/or the second substrate 231a and/or 231b can comprise a glass-based portion comprising an elastic modulus in a range from about 10 GPa to about 100 GPa, from about 40 GPa to about 100 GPa, from about 60 GPa to about 100 GPa, from about 60 GPa to about 80 GPa, or any range or subrange therebetween.

[00106] In aspects, as shown in FIGS. 2, 5-6, and 63 the first substrate 211a and/or 211b can comprise a first major surface 215a or 215b, which can comprise a planar surface. In aspects, as shown in FIGS. 2, 5-6, and 63, the first substrate 211a can comprise a second major surface 217a opposite the first major surface 215a. In further aspects, as shown in FIGS. 2, 5-6, and 63, the second major surface 217a can comprise a planar surface, which can be substantially parallel to the first major surface 215a. In further aspects, as shown in FIGS. 5-6, and 63, a first substrate thickness 509 can be defined as an average distance between the first major surface 215a and the second major surface 217a. In further aspects, the first substrate thickness 509 be about 25 micrometers (pm) or more, about 80 pm or more, about 100 pm or more, about 125 pm or more, about 150 pm or more, about 200 pm or more, about 500 pm or more, about 700 pm or more, about 5 millimeters (mm) or less, about 3 mm or less, about 2 mm or less, about 1 mm or less, about 800 pm or less, about 500 pm or less, about 300 pm or less, about 200 pm or less, about 180 pm or less, or about 160 pm or less. In aspects, the first substrate thickness 509 can be less in a range from about 25 pm to about 5 mm, from about 25 pm to about 3 mm, from about 25 pm to about 2 mm, from about 80 pm to about 1 mm, from about 80 pm to about 800 pm, from about 100 pm to about 500 pm, from about 100 pm to about 300 pm, from about 125 pm to about 200 pm, from about 150 pm to about 160 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, the first substrate thickness 509 can be about 500 pm or more, for example, from about 500 pm to about 3 mm, from about 700 pm to about 2 mm, from about 700 pm to about 1 mm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, the first substrate thickness 509 can be about 500 pm or less, for example, from about 25 pm to about 500 pm, from about 25 pm to about 300 pm, from about 80 pm to about 200 pm, from about 100 pm to about 200 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween.

[00107] In aspects, as shown in FIGS. 2, 5-6, and 63 the second substrate 231a can comprise a third major surface 235a and a fourth major surface 237a opposite the third major surface 235a. In further aspects, as shown, the third major surface 235a can comprise a planar surface, and/or the fourth major surface 237a can comprise a planar surface, which can be substantially parallel to the third major surface 235a. In further aspects, as shown in FIGS. 5-6 and 63, a second substrate thickness 569 can be defined as an average distance between the third major surface 235a and the fourth major surface 237a. In further aspects, the second substrate thickness 569 can be within one or more of the range discussed above for the first substrate thickness 509. In even further aspects, the second substrate thickness 569 can be less than the first substrate thickness 509, or the second substrate thickness 569 can be greater than the first substrate thickness

509.

[00108] In aspects, the first substrate 211a and/or 211b and/or the second substrate 231a and/or 231b can be optically transparent. As used herein, “optically transparent” or “optically clear” means an average transmittance of 70% or more in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm through a 1.0 mm thick piece of a material. In aspects, an “optically transparent material” or an “optically clear material” may have an average transmittance of 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, or 90% or more, 92% or more, 94% or more, 96% or more in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm through a 1.0 mm thick piece of the material. The average transmittance in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm is calculated by measuring the transmittance of whole number wavelengths from about 400 nm to about 700 nm and averaging the measurements.

[00109] In aspects, as shown in FIGS. 2, 5-6, and 63, the color converter sheet 261a, 261b, 501, 601, and/or 6301 can comprise a plurality of sub-pixels, which is generally denoted by reference numeral 221a and/or 221b positioned between the first substrate 211a and/or 211b and the second substrate 231a and/or 231b. In further aspects, as shown in FIGS. 5-6 and 63, the plurality of sub-pixels 221a and/or 221b can comprise subpixels 233a, 233b, and/or 233c collectively comprising a plurality of photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c. As used herein “photoluminescent” material refers to a material capable of emitting a second wavelength of light (e.g., visible light) when a first wavelength of light is absorbed by the material, where the first wavelength and second wavelength are different. In further aspects, one or more of the plurality of photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c can comprise a photoluminescent phosphor or a quantum dot. For example, a first photoluminescent material 533a of the plurality of photoluminescent materials can be configured to emit light corresponding to a wavelength in a range from about 600 nanometers (nm) to about 660 nm (e.g., red light), for example, when stimulated by a wavelength of 500 nm or less (e.g., blue light, ultraviolet light). For example, a second photoluminescent material 533b of the plurality of photoluminescent materials can be configured to emit light corresponding to a wavelength in a range from about 500 nm to about 560 nm (e.g., green light), for example, when stimulated by a wavelength of 500 nm or less (e.g., blue light, ultraviolet light). For example, a third material 533c of the plurality of photoluminescent materials can be configured to emit light corresponding to a wavelength in a range from about 430 nm to about 490 nm (e.g., blue light), for example, when stimulated by a wavelength of 430 nm or less (e.g., ultraviolet light). In aspects, the third material 533c can comprise a material that is not photoluminescent, when the first photoluminescent material 533a and the second photoluminescent material 533b are configured to be stimulated by blue light. It is to be understood that a set of photoluminescent materials can correspond to a pixel, and that the color converter sheet can comprise a plurality of pixels, although a single pixel comprising three sub-pixels are shown in FIGS. 5-6 and 63. In further aspects, although not shown, pixels of a plurality of pixels can be arranged in a mosaic arrangement, where a sub-pixel configured to emit light of a first wavelength is not adjacent to another sub-pixel configured to emit the same, first wavelength. In further aspects, although not shown but the product of methods of the disclosure as suggested by FIGS. 21, 26, and 39-42, the pixels can be arranged in a stripe pattern, wherein sub-pixels configured to emit light of a first wavelength are contiguously arranged in a row to form a stripe.

[00110] In even further aspects, the first photoluminescent material 533a can comprise a first surface area 535a and a second surface area 537a opposite the first surface area 535a with a photoluminescent thickness 539 defined therebetween as an average distance between the first surface area 535a and the second surface area 537a. In still further aspects, the photoluminescent thickness 539 can be about 10 pm or more, about 15 pm or more, about 30 pm or more, about 40 pm or more, about 45 pm or more, about 80 pm or less, about 60 pm or less, about 30 pm or less, or about 20 pm or less. In still further aspects, the photoluminescent thickness 539 can be in a range from about 10 pm to about 80 pm, from about 15 pm to about 60 pm, from about 30 pm to about 60 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In still further aspects, the photoluminescent material 533a can comprise a quantum dot and comprise the photoluminescent thickness 539 of about 30 pm or less, for example, in a range from about 10 pm to about 30 pm, from about 15 pm to about 20 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In still further aspects, the photoluminescent material 533a can comprise a photoluminescent phosphor and comprise the photo luminescent thickness 539 of about 30 pm or more, for example, in a range from about 30 pm to about 80 pm, from about 40 pm to about 60 pm, from about 45 pm to about 60 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In even further aspects, the second photoluminescent material 533b can comprise a first surface area 535b and a second surface area 537b opposite the first surface area 535b with a thickness therebetween that can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the photoluminescent thickness 539. In even further aspects, the third material 533c can comprise a first surface area 535c and a second surface area 537c opposite the first surface area 535c with a thickness therebetween that can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the photoluminescent thickness 539. In still further aspects, the plurality of photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c can comprise the same thickness (e.g., photoluminescent thickness 539). In still further aspects, as shown, the first surface areas 535a, 535b, and/or 535c can be coplanar (e.g., extend along a common plane), and/or the second surface areas 537a, 537b, and/or 537c can be coplanar (e.g., extend along a common plane). In aspects, the photoluminescent thickness 539 can be configured such that about 90% or more, 95% or more, or 98% or more of light incident on the photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 533c is absorbed by the corresponding photoluminescent material.

[00111] In aspects, as shown in FIGS. 5-6 and 63, the plurality of subpixels 221a and/or 221b can comprise a plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c associated with a corresponding plurality of photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c. As used herein, a “color filter” refers to a material configured to permit light in a first range of wavelengths to be transmitted through the color filter while blocking (e.g., absorbing, reflecting) light of a second range of wavelengths. In further aspects, the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c can comprise one or more dyes, for example, a corresponding plurality of dyes. In further aspects, a wavelength range of light configured to be transmitted through a color filter 553a, 553b, and/or 553c can correspond to (e.g., include) a wavelength of light that a corresponding photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 533c is configured to emit. In further aspects, a third material 553c, coplanar (e.g., extend along a common plane) with a first color filter 553a and/or a second color filter 553b, can be free from dyes (e.g., not a color filter) while the first color filter 553a and/or the second color filter 553b can be configured to act as a color filter. For example, the first color filter 553a can be configured to transmit light corresponding to “red”, and the second color filter 553b can be configured to transmit light corresponding to “green.” In further aspects, the first color filter 553a can comprise a third surface area 555a and a fourth surface area 557a opposite the third surface area 555a with a filter thickness 559 defined therebetween as an average distance between the third surface area 555a and the fourth surface area 557a. In even further aspects, the filter thickness 559 can be about 1 pm or more, about 5 pm or more, about 20 pm or less, or about 10 pm or less. In even further aspects, the filter thickness 559 can be in a range from about 1 pm to about 20 pm, from about 5 pm to about 10 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In even further aspects, the second color filter 553b can comprise a third surface area 555b and a fourth surface area 557b opposite the third surface area 555b with a thickness therebetween that can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the filter thickness 559. In even further aspects, the third color filter 553c can comprise a third surface area 555c and a fourth surface area 557c opposite the third surface area 555c with a thickness therebetween that can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the filter thickness 559. In still further aspects, the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c can comprise the same thickness (e.g., filter thickness 559). In still further aspects, as shown, the third surface areas 555a, 555b, and/or 555c can be coplanar (e.g., extend along a common plane), and/or the fourth surface areas 557a, 557b, and/or 557c can be coplanar (e.g., extend along a common plane).

[00112] In further aspects, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 63, the plurality of sub-pixels 221a and/or 221b can comprise a first gap 543a, 543b, and/or 543c positioned between a color filter 553a, 553b, and/or 553c of a plurality of color filters and a corresponding photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 553c. In further aspects, the first gap 543a, 543b, and/or 543c can comprise a gas (e.g., air, oxygen, nitrogen, noble gas (e.g., argon)) or evacuated space. In further aspects, the first gap 543a, 543b, and/or 543c can comprise a first gap thickness 549 measured as an average distance between the second surface area 537a, 537b, and/or 537c and the third surface area 555a, 555b, and/or 555c. In even further aspects, the first gap thickness 549 can be less than 1 gm, about 1 gm or more, about 5 gm or more, about 20 gm or less, or about 10 gm or less. In even further aspects, the first gap thickness 549 can be in a range from about 1 pm to about 20 pm, from about 5 pm to about 10 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In further aspects, as shown in FIG. 63, the first gap thickness 549 can be created by a plurality of first spacers 6211a, 6211b, and/or 6211c. Providing a first gap between the photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 533c and the color filter 553a, 553b, and/or 553c can increase an efficiency (e.g., luminance, conversion efficiency, extraction efficiency) of the color converter sheet and/or increase a directionality (e.g., local dimming index, image clarity) of an image viewed from a display comprising the color converter sheet, for example, by avoiding guiding of light by total internal reflection in the second substrate 231a.

[00113] In further aspects, as shown in FIG. 6, the plurality of sub-pixels 221a and/or 221b can comprise a second adhesive layer 603 positioned between the photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 533c and the color filter 553a, 553b, and/or 553c. In even further aspects, the second adhesive layer 603 can comprise a third contact surface 605 facing and/or contacting the photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 533c. In even further aspects, the second adhesive layer 603 can comprise a fourth contact surface 607 opposite the third contact surface 605, where the fourth contact surface 607 can face and/or contact the color filter 553a, 553b, and/or 553c. In even further aspects, the second adhesive layer 603 can comprise a second adhesive thickness 609 defined as an average distance between the third contact surface 605 and the fourth contact surface 607 averaged over portions of the third contact surface 605 corresponding to the second surface area 537a, 537b, and/or 537c of the photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 533c. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the second adhesive thickness can correspond to an average distance between the second surface area 537a, 537b, and/or 537c and the third surface area 555a, 555b, and/or 555c, and/or the second adhesive layer 603 can fill a space therebetween. In even further aspects, the second adhesive thickness 609 can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the first gap thickness 549. Providing one or more adhesive layers (e.g., optically clear adhesive) can enable the color converter sheet to be manufactured from separated fabricated substrates and walls. [00114] In further aspects, as shown in FIGS. 5-6, the color converter sheet 501 and/or 601 can comprise a first adhesive layer 511 positioned between the first substrate 211a and the photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 533c. In further aspects, as shown, the first adhesive layer 511 can comprise a first contact surface 515 and a second contact surface 517 opposite the first contact surface 515. In even further aspects, as shown in FIG. 5, the first contact surface 515 can face and/or contact the second major surface 217a of the first substrate 211a. In even further aspects, as shown in FIGS. 5-6, the second contact surface 517 can face the first surface area 535a, 535b, and/or 535c of the photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 533c. In even further aspects, a first adhesive thickness 519 can be defined between the first contact surface 515 and the second contact surface 517 as an average distance between the first contact surface 515 and the second contact surface 517 averaged over portions of the first surface area 535a, 535b, and/or 535c of the photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 533c. In even further aspects, the first adhesive thickness 519 can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the second adhesive thickness 609.

[00115] In aspects, the first adhesive layer 511 and/or the second adhesive layer 603 can comprise one or more of a polyolefin, a polyamide, a halide-containing polymer (e.g., polyvinylchloride or a fluorine-containing polymer), an elastomer, a urethane, phenolic resin, parylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). Example aspects of polyolefins include low molecular weight polyethylene (LDPE), high molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE), ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and polypropylene (PP). Example aspects of fluorine- containing polymers include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylfluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluoropolyether (PFPE), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA), a perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) polymers, and ethylene tetrafluoro ethylene (ETFE) polymers. Example aspects of elastomers include rubbers (e.g., polybutadiene, polyisoprene, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber) and block copolymers (e.g., styrene-butadiene, high- impact polystyrene, poly(dichlorophosphazene). In further aspects, the first adhesive layer 511 and/or the second adhesive layer 603 can comprise an optically clear adhesive. In even further aspects, the optically clear adhesive can comprise one or more optically transparent polymers: an acrylic (e.g., polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)), an epoxy, silicone, and/or a polyurethane. Exemplary aspects of epoxies include bisphenol-based epoxy resins, novolac-based epoxies, cycloaliphatic-based epoxies, and glycidylamine-based epoxies. In even further aspects, the optically clear adhesive can comprise, but is not limited to, acrylic adhesives, for example, 3M 8212 adhesive, or an optically transparent liquid adhesive, for example, a LOCTITE optically transparent liquid adhesive. Exemplary aspects of optically clear adhesives comprise transparent acrylics, epoxies, silicones, and polyurethanes. For example, the optically transparent liquid adhesive could comprise one or more of LOCTITE AD 8650, LOCTITE AA 3922, LOCTITE EA E-05MR, LOCTITE UK U-09LV, which are all available from Henkel.

[00116] Throughout the disclosure, a tensile strength, ultimate elongation (e.g., strain at failure), and yield point of a polymeric material (e.g., adhesive, polymer- based portion) is determined using ASTM D638 using a tensile testing machine, for example, an Instron 3400 or Instron 6800, at 23°C and 50% relative humidity with a type I dogbone shaped sample. In aspects, the first adhesive layer 511 and/or the second adhesive layer 603 can comprise an elastic modulus of about 0.001 MegaPascals (MPa) or more, about 0.01 MPa or more, about 0.1 MPa or more, about 1 MPa or more, about 2 MPa or more, about 1,000 MPa or less, about 100 MPa or less, about 20 MPa or less, about 10 MPa or less, or about 5 MPa or less. In aspects, the first adhesive layer 511 and/or the second adhesive layer 603 can comprise an elastic modulus in a range from about 0.001 MPa to about 1,000 MPa, from about 0.01 MPa to about 100 MPa, from about 0.1 MPa to about 20 MPa, from about 1 MPa to about 10 MPa, from about 2 MPa to about 5 MPa, or any range or subrange therebetween.

[00117] The first adhesive layer 511 can comprise a first refractive index. The first refractive index may be a function of a wavelength of light passing through the first adhesive layer 511. For light of a first wavelength, a refractive index of a material is defined as the ratio between the speed of light in a vacuum and the speed of light in the corresponding material. Without wishing to be bound by theory, a refractive index of the first adhesive layer 511 can be determined using a ratio of a sine of a first angle to a sine of a second angle, where light of the first wavelength is incident from air on a surface of the first adhesive layer 511 at the first angle and refracts at the surface of the first adhesive layer 511 to propagate light within the first adhesive layer 511 at a second angle. The first angle and the second angle are both measured relative to a direction normal to a surface of the first adhesive layer 511. As used herein, the refractive index is measured in accordance with ASTM El 967- 19, where the first wavelength comprises 589 nm, unless indicated otherwise. In aspects, the first refractive index of the first adhesive layer 511 can be about 1.2 or more, about 1.3 or more, about 1.35 or more, about 1.7 or less, about 1.5 or less, about 1.45 or less, or about 1.4 or less. In aspects, the first refractive index of the first adhesive layer 511 can be in a range from about 1.2 to about 1.7, from about 1.3 to about 1.5, from about 1.3 to about 1.45, from about 1.35 to about 1.4, or any range or subrange therebetween.

[00118] The second adhesive layer 603 can comprise a second refractive index. In aspects, the second refractive index of the second adhesive layer 603 can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the first refractive index of the first adhesive layer 511. In aspects, the second refractive index can be less than the first refractive index. In further aspects, the second refractive index can be less than the first refractive index by about 0.02 or more, about 0.05 or more, or about 0.1 or more, for example, from about 0.02 to about 0.3, from about 0.05 to about 0.2, from about 0.1 to about 0.15, or any range or subrange therebetween.

[00119] The first substrate 211a and/or the second substrate 231a can comprise a third refractive index. In aspects, the third refractive index can be about 1.4 or more, about 1.45 or more, about 1.49 or more, about 1.7 or less, about 1.6 or less, or about 1.55 or less. In aspects, the third refractive index can be in a range from about 1.4 to about 1.7, from about 1.45 to about 1.6, from about 1.49 to about 1.55, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, the third refractive index can be greater than the first refractive index of the first adhesive layer 511 and/or the second refractive index of the second adhesive layer 603. In aspects, a fourth refractive index of one or more color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c can be greater than a second refractive index of the second adhesive layer 603 and/or the first refractive index of the first adhesive layer 511. In aspects, a fifth refractive index of one or more photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 533c can be greater than a second refractive index of the second adhesive layer 603 and/or the first refractive index of the first adhesive layer 511. Providing a second adhesive layer 603 comprising a refractive index less than a refractive index of the one or more photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 533c can reduce reflection and/or scattering of light incident on the second adhesive layer 603.

[00120] In aspects, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 63, the color converter sheet 601 and/or 6301 can comprise a dichroic mirror 631 comprising a seventh surface area 633 and an eighth surface area 635 opposite the seventh surface area. As used herein, a dichroic mirror is configured to allow light with a wavelength within one or more wavelength ranges of light to pass in one direction while reflecting light in the other direction. For example, with reference to FIGS. 6 and 63, the dichroic mirror 631 can be configured to allow light emitted from the light source (e.g., plurality of light sources 241, 241b shown in FIG. 3) (e.g., ultraviolet light, blue light) through the first substrate 211a (e.g., incident on the incident on the seventh surface area 633 of the dichroic mirror) to be transmitted through the dichroic mirror 631 while reflecting light transmitted from the color converter (e.g., photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c) (e.g., incident on the eighth surface area 635 of the dichroic mirror 631). In further aspects, as shown, the dichroic mirror 631 can be positioned between the plurality of color converters (e.g., photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c) and the first substrate 211a. In even further aspects, the dichroic mirror 631 can contact (e.g., be disposed on) the first substrate 211a (e.g., second major surface 217a). In further aspects, as shown, a dichroic thickness 639 of the dichroic mirror 631 can be defined as an average distance between the seventh surface area 633 and the eighth surface area 635. Providing the dichroic mirror can reduce spurious emissions from the color converter sheet, and/or increase an efficiency of (e.g., brightness emitted from) the color converter sheet.

[00121] In aspects, as shown in FIGS. 5-6 and 63, the color converter sheet 501, 601, and/or 6301 can comprise a second gap 523a, 523b, and/or 523c positioned between the photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 533c and either: (i) the first substrate 211a, (ii) the first adhesive layer 511, or (iii) the dichroic mirror 631. In further aspects, the second gap 523a, 523b, and/or 523c can comprise a gas (e.g., air, oxygen, nitrogen, noble gas (e.g., argon)) or evacuated space. In further aspects, the second gap 523a, 523b, and/or 523c can comprise a second gap thickness 529 measured as an average distance between the first surface area 535a, 535b, and/or 535c and the closer of (i) the second major surface 217a of the first substrate 211a, (ii) the second contact surface 517 of the first adhesive layer 511, and (iii) the eighth surface area 635 of the dichroic mirror 631 if present. In further aspects, the second gap thickness 529 can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the first gap thickness 549. In further aspects, as shown in FIG. 63, the second gap thickness 529 can be created by a plurality of second spacers 6311a, 6311b, and/or 6311c. Providing a second gap 523a, 523b, and/or 523c can increase an efficiency (e.g., luminance, conversion efficiency, extraction efficiency) of the color converter sheet and/or increase a directionality (e.g., local dimming index, image clarity) of an image viewed from a display comprising the color converter sheet. For example, providing the second gap can reduce scattering at the first surface area 535a, 535b, and/or 535c of the plurality of photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c. For example, providing the second gap can increase a fraction of light emitted from the first surface area 535a, 535b, and/or 535c of the plurality of photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c comprising a substantially normal angle of incidence on the second major surface 217a, which can increase a perceived brightness of the color converter sheet.

[00122] In aspects, as shown in FIGS. 5-6, the color converter sheet 501 and/or 601 can comprise a plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. In further aspects, the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c can be positioned between adjacent photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c and/or define the plurality of subpixels and/or the plurality of pixels. In aspects, a width 587 of a sub-pixel can be about 25 pm or more, about 50 pm or more, about 100 pm or more, about 250 pm or less, 200 pm or less, or about 150 pm or less. In aspects, the width 587 of the sub-pixel can be in a range from about 25 pm to about 250 pm, from about 50 pm to about 200 pm, from about 100 pm to about 150 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In further aspects, a width 589 of a pixel (i.e., comprising one of each type of sub-pixel) can be about 75 pm or more, about 150 pm or more, about 300 pm or more, about 1 mm or less, about 750 pm or less, or about 500 pm or less. In further aspects, the width 587 of the sub-pixel can be in a range from about 75 pm to about 1 mm, from about 150 pm to about 750 gm, from about 300 gm to about 500 gm, or any range or subrange therebetween.

[00123] In aspects, the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c can comprise a material 573a, 573b, 573c, 643a, 643b, 643c, 6111a, 6111b, and/or 6111c that is a reflective material. In further aspects, the reflective material can comprise a metal material (e.g., silver, aluminum), for example, metal nanoparticles or a sputtered metal. Providing walls comprising reflective material between pixel and/or sub-pixels of a color converter sheet can increase an efficiency (e.g., luminance, extraction efficiency) of the color converter sheet and/or provide isolation of the light in one sub-pixel from adjacent sub-pixels. In even further aspects, as shown in FIG. 5, a wall (i.e., at least one) of the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c can comprise a polymer material 575a, 575b, and/or 575c surrounded by a metal layer (e.g., material 573a, 573b, 573c). In aspects, the polymer material 575a, 575b, and/or 575c can comprise one or more of the materials discussed above with reference to the first adhesive layer 511 and/or the second adhesive layer 603. An exemplary aspect of the polymer material 575a, 575b, and/or 575c is an acrylic polymer. As discussed below, the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c can be formed by curing a first material comprising a polymer and a metal that forms the polymer material 575a, 575b, and/or 575c surrounded by the metal layer (e.g., material 573a, 573b, 573c). Providing a material comprising a polymer and a metallic component that can be cured such that the polymer is surrounded by a metal layer can simplify fabrication of the reflective walls. In further aspects, the metal layer (e.g., material 573a, 573b, 573c) can comprise a metallic thickness 579 of about 50 nm or more, about 100 nm, from about 150 nm or more, about 500 nm or less, about 250 nm or less, or about 200 nm or less. In further aspects, the metallic thickness 579 can be in a range from about 50 nm to about 500 nm, from about 100 nm to about 250 nm, from about 150 nm to about 200 nm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In further aspects, as shown in FIGS. 5-6 and 63, the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c can comprise a metal layer (e.g., material 573a, 573b, 573c, 643a, 643b, 643c, 6111a, 6111b, and/or 6111c) facing adjacent photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c. In even further aspects, as shown in FIG. 6, the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c can have another material 645a, 645b, and/or 645c with one or more exposed surfaces 647a, 647b, and/or 647c that are exposed rather than completely covered by the metal layer (e.g., material 643a, 643b, and/or 643c). As shown in FIG. 6, the one or more exposed surfaces 647a, 647b, and/or 647c can face the first substrate 211a, although the one or more exposed surfaces can face the second substrate 231a in further aspects. In even further aspects, as shown, the metal layer (e.g., material 643a, 643b, and/or 643c) can comprise a metallic thickness 649. In yet further aspects, the metallic thickness 649 can be about 10 nm or more, about 100 nm or more, about 500 nm or more, about 5 pm or less, or about 1 pm or less. In yet further aspects, the metallic thickness 649 can be in a range from about 10 nm to about 5 pm, from about 100 nm to about 1 pm, from about 500 nm to about 1 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, as shown in FIGS. 5, 6, and 63, at least one wall of the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c can comprise a width 585 measured in a direction perpendicular to a direction of the first substrate thickness 509. In aspects, the width 585 can be about 3 pm or more, about 5 pm or more, about 10 pm or more, about 30 pm or less, about 20 pm or less, or about 15 pm or less. In aspects, the width 585 can be in a range from about 3 pm to about 30 pm, from about 5 pm to about 20 pm, from about 10 pm to about 15 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween. Providing walls comprising reflective material between pixel and/or subpixels of a color converter sheet can increase an efficiency (e.g., luminance, extraction efficiency) of the color converter sheet. Providing a material comprising a polymer and a metallic component that can be cured such that the polymer is surrounded by a metal layer can simplify fabrication of the reflective walls. In aspects, although not shown, the color converter sheet can comprise a material at the edge of the color converter sheet that can reduce a permeation of air and/or moisture, which can protect against degradation of the functionality of the color converter sheet (e.g., at the periphery).

[00124] In aspects, as shown in FIG. 5-6 and 63, the color converter sheet 501, 601, and/or 6301 can comprise an absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c. FIG. 63 shows a fourth portion of the absorptive material 581d, but it is to be understood that the color converter sheet can comprise any number of portions of the absorptive material. In further aspects, as shown, the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c can be aligned with a corresponding wall of the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. In further aspects, as shown, the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c can be positioned between adjacent color fdters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c. In further aspects, the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c can comprise a thickness within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the filter thickness 559. In even further aspects, as shown in FIG. 5, the thickness of the absorptive material can be less than the filter thickness 559. In even further aspects, as shown in FIG. 6, the thickness of the absorptive material can be substantially equal to the filter thickness 559. The absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c can be configured to absorb substantially all of the light within a wavelength range (e.g., visible, ultraviolet) incident on the absorptive material. Providing the absorptive material can decrease scattering of light that would otherwise be incident on the walls, which can improve a directionality of light travelling through the color converter sheet.

[00125] In aspects, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 63, the color converter sheet 601 and/or 6301 can comprise a coating 621 disposed on the second substrate 231a (e.g., fourth major surface 237a). In further aspects, as shown, the coating 621 can comprise a fifth surface area 623 and a sixth surface area 625 opposite the fifth surface area 623. In even further aspects, as shown, the fifth surface area 623 can contact the fourth major surface 237a of the second substrate 231a. In further aspects, the coating 621 can comprise an anti-reflective coating. In further aspects, a coating thickness 629 can be defined between the fifth surface area 623 and the sixth surface area 625 as an average distance therebetween. In further aspects, the coating thickness 629 can be in a range from about 200 nm to about 10 pm, from about 500 nm to about 5 pm, from about 1 pm to about 2 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween.

[00126] In aspects, as shown in FIG. 63, the color converter sheet 6301 can comprise a plurality of third adhesive layers 6121a, 6121b, 6121c, and/or 6121d. In further aspects, as shown, one or more layers of the plurality of third adhesive layers (e.g., third adhesive layer 6121b and/or 6121c) can be positioned between a photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 533c and a wall 571a, 571b, 571c (e.g., material 6111a, 6111b, and/or 6111c). For example, the third adhesive layer 6121b can be positioned between and/or contact a third contact surface 6135b of the second photoluminescent material 533b (e.g., contacting the first contact surface 6123b of the third adhesive layer 6121b) and a first surface area 6113a of the material 6111a of the wall 571a (e.g., contacting a second contact surface 6125a of the third adhesive layer 6121b). For example, the third adhesive layer 6121c can be positioned between and/or contact a fifth contact surface 6135c of the third material 533c (e.g., contacting the first contact surface 6123c of the third adhesive layer 6121c) and a first surface area 6113b of the material 6111b of the wall 571b (e.g., contacting the second contact surface 6125b of the third adhesive layer 6121c). In further aspects, the first contact surface 6123a, 6123b, and/or 6123c of the third adhesive layer 6121a, 6121b, and/or 6121c can face and/or contact a first contact surface 6135a, a third contact surface 6135b, and/or a fifth contact surface 6135c of the photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 533c. In further aspects, as shown, the second contact surface 6125a, 6125b, and/or 6125c of the third adhesive layer 6121b, 6121c, and/or 6121d can face and/or contact a first surface area 6113a, 6113b, and/or 6113c of the material 6111a, 6111b, and/or 6111c of the wall 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. In further aspects, as shown, a third adhesive thickness 5829 of the third adhesive layer 6121b is defined as an average distance between the first contact surface 6123b and the second contact surface 6125a. As shown, the third adhesive thickness 5829 can correspond to the average distance between the first surface area 6113b of the material 6111a of the wall 571a and a third contact surface 6135b of the photoluminescent material 533b (e.g., of a sub-pixel). In even further aspects, the third adhesive thickness 5829 can be about 500 nm or more, 1 pm or more, about 3 pm or more, about 10 pm or more, or about 8 pm or less, or about 5 pm or less. In even further aspects, the third adhesive thickness 5829 can be in a range from about 500 nm to about 10 pm, from about 1 pm to about 10 pm, from about 1 pm to about 8 pm, from about 3 pm to about 8 pm, from about 3 pm to about 5 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In even further aspects, each of the third adhesive layers 6121a, 6121b, 6121c, and/or 6121d can comprise the third adhesive thickness 5829. In further aspects, as shown, adjacent pairs of photoluminescent material (e.g., photoluminescent material 533a and 533b) can be separated by the wall 571a contacting one of the photoluminescent materials 533a and the third adhesive layer 6121b contacting an another photoluminescent material 533b such that the another photoluminescent material 533b is attached to the wall 571a by the third adhesive layer 6121b. In aspects, the third adhesive layer 6121a, 6121b, 6121c, and/or 6121d can comprise one or more of the materials discussed above for the first adhesive layer 511. In aspects, the third adhesive layer 6121a, 6121b, 6121c, and/or 6121d can comprise a refractive index within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the first refractive index of the first adhesive layer 511.

[00127] In aspects, as shown in FIG. 63, the first spacers 6211a, 6211b, 6211c, and/or 6211d can be positioned between and/or contact the absorptive material 581a, 581b, 581c, and/or 581d and the walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. In further aspects, as shown, a width of the first spacers 6211a, 6211b, 6211c, and/or 6211d can be substantially equal to a sum of the width 585 of the wall 571a, 571b, and/or 571c and the third adhesive thickness 5829 of the third adhesive layer 6121a, 6121b, 6121c, and/or 6121d, although the width of the first spacers can be substantially equal to the width 585 of the wall in further aspects. In further aspects, the first spacers can comprise one or more of the materials discussed above for the walls. In further aspects, a thickness of the first spacers 6211a, 6211b, 6211c, and/or 6211d can be substantially equal to the first gap thickness 549.

[00128] In aspects, as shown in FIG. 63, the second spacers 6311a, 6311b, 6311c, and/or 6311d can be between and/or contact the walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c and the dichroic mirror 631, although the second spacers could contact the first substrate 211a if the dichroic mirror was not present. In further aspects, as shown, a width of the second spacers 6311a, 6311b, 6311c, and/or 6311d can be substantially equal to a sum of the width 585 of the wall 571a, 571b, and/or 571c and the third adhesive thickness 5829 of the third adhesive layer 6121a, 6121b, 6121c, and/or 6121d, although the width of the second spacers can be substantially equal to the width 585 of the wall in further aspects. In further aspects, the second spacers can comprise one or more of the materials discussed above for the walls. In further aspects, a thickness of the second spacers 6311a, 6311b, 6311c, and/or 6311d can be substantially equal to the second gap thickness 529.

[00129] In aspects, as shown in FIG. 2, an elongated section 103a or 103b (e.g., each elongated section 103a-1031) can comprise a plurality of light sources 241a or 241b. In further aspects, although not shown, the plurality of light sources 241a or 241b can be arranged in a row. Although not shown, it is to be understood that the plurality of light sources in an elongated section can comprise one or more rows of light sources. In further aspects, a light source of the plurality of light sources 241a or 241b can comprise a laser or a light-emitting diode. In further aspects, a light source of the plurality of light sources 241a or 241b can be configured to emit ultraviolet light (e.g., comprising a wavelength of about 430 nm or less) or blue light (e.g., comprising a wavelength in a range from about 430 nm to about 490 nm). In further aspects, a light source of the plurality of light sources 241a or 241b can be configured to scan a target scan area (e.g., target scan area 403a shown in FIG. 4) of the color converter sheet 261a (e.g., first major surface 215a of the first substrate 211a). In further aspects, as shown, a light source of the plurality of light sources 241a or 241b can be configured to scan a range 245 corresponding to the target scan area (e.g., target scan area 403a shown in FIG. 4). In even further aspects, the range 245 can extend from a first boundary 243a to a second boundary 243b. In still further aspects, the boundaries 243a and 243b can be configured such that an entire width of the color converter sheet 261a and/or the first substrate 211a or 211b is encompassed within the range 245, although the boundaries 243a and 243b can be configured such that only a portion (i.e., in a direction of the width) (e.g., about 50% or less, about 33% or less) is within the range 245, for example, when the plurality of light sources 241a comprises a plurality of rows within a frame 251a. In further aspects, although not shown, a controller can be configured to scan a light source of the plurality of light sources across the target scan area and/or toggle the light source on/off (e.g., while scanning across the target scan area), for example, to generate an image to be displayed. For example, the light source 241a or 241b can emit light of a first wavelength travelling along ray 247a or 247b that is configured to impinge the first substrate 211a or 211b and then a sub-pixel 233b comprising a photoluminescent material (see 533b in FIGS. 5-6 and 63), and the photoluminescent material of the subpixel 233b can be configured to emit light of a second wavelength travelling along ray 249a or 249b through a cover sheet 203 and a viewer. In even further aspects, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the target scan area can extend an entire width of the color converter sheet. Although not shown, it is to be understood that the target scan area can be less than an entire width of the color converter sheet (e.g., about 50% or less, about 33% or less, about 25% or less). In further aspects, as shown in FIG. 4, an elongated section of the plurality of elongated sections 103a-1031 can be divided into a plurality of target scan areas 403a-403h. In even further aspects, as shown, a first target scan area 403a configured to be scanned by a light source of the plurality of light sources does not overlap with the target scan area 403b configured to be scanned by another light source (e.g., second light source) of the plurality of light sources. In even further aspects, as shown, a plurality of target scan areas can cover an entire surface area of a color converter sheet in a non-overlapping manner. Providing a plurality of light sources in an elongated section where each light source is configured to scan a non-overlapping target scan area can reduce a depth of the elongated section and the rollable elongated section, which reduces an area required to place, store, and/or transport the rollable laser phosphor display.

[00130] In aspects, as shown in FIG. 2, an elongated section 103a or 103b can comprise a frame 251a or 251b attached to the color converter sheet 261a or 261b and housing the plurality of light sources 241a or 241b. Providing a frame can enable an elongated section of the plurality of elongated sections can be a self-contained laser phosphor display comprising a color converter sheet and at least one light source of the plurality of light sources configured to scan the color converter sheet. Providing a plurality of elongated sections comprising a color converter sheet and at least one light source in a spaced relationship can enable straightforward assembly (e.g., unrolling and/or interlocking the plurality of the elongated sections), for example, by the consumer without requiring special assembly or professional installation.

[00131] As shown in FIG. 2, the rollable laser phosphor display 101 can comprise a cover sheet 203 comprising a fifth major surface 205 and a sixth major surface 207 opposite the fifth major surface 205 (e.g., the fifth major surface and the sixth major surface face opposite directions). In aspects, a thickness of the cover sheet 203 can be defined between the fifth major surface 205 and the sixth major surface 207 as an average distance therebetween, which can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the first substrate thickness 509. In aspects, the cover sheet 203 can comprise a pencil hardness of 8H or more, for example, 9H or more. In aspects, the cover sheet 203 can comprise a glass-based material or a ceramic-based material. In aspects, the cover sheet 203 can comprise a polymer-based material. [00132] As shown in FIG. 2, the cover sheet 203 (e.g., sixth major surface 207) can be attached to and/or contact the fourth major surface 237a and/or 237b of the second substrate 231a and/or 231b (e.g., of the color converter sheet 261a and/or 261b). In aspects, as shown, the cover sheet 203 can extend across the fourth major surface 237a and/or 237b of the second substrate 231a and/or 231b (e.g., of the color converter sheet 261a and/or 261b) of the plurality of elongated sections (e.g., extend across a surface of the color converter sheet of each elongated section of the plurality of elongated sections). Providing a cover substrate extending across the plurality of elongated sections can provide a smooth (e.g., planar) surface for avoiding optical distortions while viewing the rollable laser phosphor display. Providing the cover substrate and/or a substrate of a color converter sheet as a glass-based substrate or a ceramic-based substrate can provide good dimensional stability, reduced incidence of mechanical instabilities, good impact resistance, and/or good puncture resistance.

[00133] As shown in FIGS. 1-2, example aspects of a rollable laser phosphor display 101 can comprise a plurality of elongated sections (e.g., elongated sections 103a and 103b or 103a-1031) with an interlocking mechanism 105 attached to adjacent elongated sections (e.g., elongated sections 103a and 103b). In aspects, the interlocking mechanism 105 can be configured to allow adjacent elongated sections to rotate relative to one another. In further aspects, as shown in FIG. 2, the interlocking mechanism 105 can comprise one or more hinges 271 rotatably coupling the adjacent elongated sections. Providing an interlocking mechanism can enable the rollable laser phosphor display to be secured in an unrolled (e.g., planar) configuration for viewing.

[00134] In further aspects, the interlocking mechanism 105 (e.g., one or hinges 271) can enable the adjacent elongated sections to rotate between angles 273 ranging from 0° to a maximum angle, for example, about 20° or more, about 30° or more, about 40° or more, about 50° or more, or about 60° or more. In further aspects, although not shown, the interlocking mechanism 105 can further comprise a mated pair 275a and 275b that interlock when the angle 273 is about 0° and prevent free rotation about the one or more hinges 271. As used herein, the angle 273 refers to the smallest angle between adjacent elongated sections about the interlocking mechanism. In further aspects, the interlocking mechanism 105 (e.g., one or more hinges 271) can be configured to enable an angle 213 between a third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a a color converter sheet 261a and a third major surface 235b of the second substrate 231b of an adjacent color converter sheet 261b to go between a minimum angle and a maximum angle, where an arc formed by the angle passing through the cover sheet 203 exactly two times. In further aspects, the minimum angle can be about 90° or more, about 120° or more, about 130° or more, about 140° or more, about 160° or less, or about 150° or less. In further aspects, the minimum angle can be in a range from about 90° to about 160°, from about 120° to about 160°, from about 130° to about 160°, from about 140° to about 150°, or any range or subrange therebetween. In further aspects, the maximum angle can be about 178° or more, about 179° or more, about 182° or less, about 181° or less, or about 180° or less. In further aspects, the maximum angle can be in a range from about 178° to about 182°, from about 179° to about 181°, from about 179° to about 180°, or any range or subrange therebetween.

[00135] As shown in FIGS. 3-4, the rollable laser phosphor display 301 can comprise a substantially planar configuration (e.g., planar configuration) where the plurality of elongated sections are interlocked. Throughout the disclosure, the planar configuration refers to when the angle 273 is about 0° (e.g., 1° or less - corresponding to an angle between a surface area of adjacent color converter sheets is from about 179° to about 181°) and/or when the mated pair 275a and 275b are engaged (e.g., interlocked). As shown in FIG. 3, the rollable laser phosphor display 301 can comprise a display portion 303 and an optional border 305 circumscribing the display portion 303. Through the disclosure, a maximum dimension of the rollable laser phosphor display in the substantially planar configuration refers to a maximum dimension across a surface of the display portion of the rollable laser phosphor display in the substantially planar configuration. With reference to FIG. 3, the maximum dimension 307 of the rollable laser phosphor display 301 is the maximum dimension across a surface 309 of the display portion 303 corresponding to a diagonal from one comer to an opposite comer of the display portion 303. As used herein, the substantially planar configuration of the rollable laser phosphor display 301 refers to when an angle 273 between adjacent pairs of elongated sections is about 0° (e.g., 1° or less - corresponding to an angle between the third major surfaces 235a and 235b of adjacent second substrates 231a is from about 179° to about 181°) and/or the mated pair 275a and 275b are interlocked. As shown in FIG. 4, the plurality of elongated sections 103a-1031 are arranged side-by-side to form the display portion 303 of the rollable laser phosphor display 301 in the substantially planar configuration. In aspects, the maximum dimension 307 of the rollable laser phosphor display 301 in the substantially planar configuration can be about 1 meter (m) or more, about 2 m or more, about 2.5 m or more, about 3 m or more, about 10 m or less, about 5 m or less, or about 4 m or less. In aspects, the maximum dimension 307 of the rollable laser phosphor display 301 in the substantially planar configuration can be in a range from about 1 m to about 10 m, from about 2 m to about 5 m, from about 2.5 m to about 4 m, from about 3 m to about 4 m, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, a width of the optional border 305, if present, can be about 5 mm or more, about 10 mm or more, about 50 mm or less, or about 20 mm or less. In aspects, a width of the optional border 305, if present, can be in a range from about 5 mm to about 50 mm, from about 10 mm to about 20 mm, or any range or subrange therebetween. Providing an optional border can ensure that the portions of the color converter sheet are not affected by any permeation of air and/or moisture from sides of the color converter sheet, for example, if the color converter sheet comprises a quantum dot. For example, if the color converter sheet comprises a stripe pattern oriented from top to bottom (in the orientation shown in FIG. 4), the optional border can prevent any permeation of air and/or moisture along the stripes from impacting a quality of the display device (e.g., color converter sheet) in the display area 303.

[00136] As shown in FIGS. 1-2, the rollable laser phosphor display 101 can comprise a rolled configuration where the plurality of elongated sections are not interlocked. Throughout the disclosure, the rolled configuration refers to a configuration with a smallest maximum dimension that the rollable laser phosphor display can be held for 1 day at 25°C and subsequently unrolled to the substantially planar configuration without visible damage (e.g., cracking, creasing, warping, delamination). It is to be understood that the rollable laser phosphor display 101 in the rolled configuration (as shown in FIGS. 1-2) can be unrolled to achieve the rollable laser phosphor display 301 in the substantially planar configuration (as shown in FIGS. 3-4) and that the rollable laser phosphor display 301 in the substantially planar configuration (as shown in FIGS. 3-4) can be rolled to achieve the rollable laser phosphor display 101 in the rolled configuration (as shown in FIGS. 1-2). In aspects, when in the rolled configuration, the angle 213 between the third major surface 235a of adjacent second substrates 231a and 231b (e.g., adjacent color converter sheets 261a and 261b) can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the minimum angle (e.g., from about 130° to about 160° or any range or subrange therebetween).

[00137] Throughout the disclosure, a maximum dimension of the rollable laser phosphor display in the rolled configuration corresponds to the diameter of the smallest circle that circumscribes the entire rollable laser phosphor display in the rolled configuration. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the maximum dimension 113 of the rollable laser phosphor display in the rolled configuration is equal to a diameter of the smallest circle 115 that circumscribes the entire rollable laser phosphor display 101. In aspects, the maximum dimension 113 can be about 500 mm or more, about 700 mm or more, about 900 mm or more, about 3,000 mm or less, about 2,000 mm or less, or about 1,000 mm or less. In aspects, the maximum dimension 113 can be in a range from about 500 mm to about 3,000 mm, from about 700 mm to about 2,000 mm, from about 900 mm to about 1,000 mm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, a ratio of the maximum dimension 113 of the rollable laser phosphor display in the rolled configuration (FIG. 1) to the maximum dimension 307 of the rollable laser phosphor display in the substantially planar configuration (FIG. 4) can be about 0.5 or less, about 0.4 or less, about 0.3 or less, about 0.28 or less, or about 0.25 or less. In aspects, a ratio of the maximum dimension 113 of the rollable laser phosphor display in the rolled configuration (FIG. 1) to the maximum dimension 307 of the rollable laser phosphor display in the substantially planar configuration (FIG. 4) can be in a range from about 0.05 to about 0.5, from about 0.1 to about 0.4, from about 0.15 to about 0.3, from about 0.2 to about 0.28, from about 0.22 to about 0.25, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 1 the rollable laser phosphor display 101 in the rolled configuration can be placed (e.g., stored, transported) in a package 111 (e.g., tube, box). Providing a rollable laser phosphor display can enable a rolled rollable laser phosphor display to be contained in a relatively small package relative to its unrolled (e.g., planar) configuration. For example, a rollable laser phosphor display can be beneficial for storage and/or transportation of the rollable laser phosphor display, which can enable larger laser phosphor display viewing areas to be sold directly to consumers.

[00138] It is to be understood that, in some aspects, the color converter sheet can be independent from the rollable laser phosphor display discussed above. For example, the color converter sheet can be sold to a manufacturer for incorporation into a display device and/or a consumer electronic product. For example, the color converter sheet can be used in conjunction with a plurality of light-emitting diodes (e.g., LED, OLED), where each sub-pixel of the color converter sheet corresponds to a light-emitting diode of the plurality of light-emitting diodes. For example, LEDs could be provided within the plurality of color filters or opposite the second substrate from the plurality of color converters. It is to be understood that in such aspects, the light-emitting diodes can be configured to emit light through the second substrate and/or be positioned between the second substrate and the photoluminescent material (e.g., within the region designated as the color filter, disposed on the second substrate).

[00139] Aspects of methods of making the color converter sheet 501 illustrated in FIG. 5, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure, will be discussed with reference to the flow chart in FIG. 7 and example method steps illustrated in FIGS. 8-31.

[00140] In a first step 701 of methods of the disclosure, as shown in FIG. 8, methods can start with providing a second substrate 231a. In aspects, the second substrate 231a may be provided by purchase or otherwise obtaining a substrate or by forming the second substrate. In aspects, the second substrate 231a can comprise a glassbased material, a ceramic-based material, or a polymer-based material. In further aspects, glass-based substrates can be provided by forming them with a variety of ribbon forming processes, for example, slot draw, down-draw, fusion down-draw, up-draw, press roll, redraw or float. In further aspects, glass-based substrates comprising ceramic crystals can be provided by heating a glass-based substrate to crystallize one or more ceramic crystals. The second substrate 231a may comprise the third major surface 235a.

[00141] After step 701, in aspects, as shown in FIG. 8, methods can proceed to step 703 comprising disposing a plurality of portions comprising the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c. In aspects, as shown, a portion of the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c can comprise a width 585 within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the width 585 of the walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. In aspects, as shown, a thickness 889 of a portion of the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the filter thickness 559. In aspects, the thickness 889 of a portion of the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c can be about 100 nm or more, about 500 nm or more, about 1 pm or more, about 10 pm or less, about 5 pm or less, or about 2 pm or less. In aspects, the thickness 889 of a portion of the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c can be in a range from about 100 nm to about 10 pm, from about 500 nm to about 5 pm, from about 1 pm to about 2 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, as shown, the plurality of portions comprising the absorptive material 581a can be spaced in a regular pattern, for example, corresponding to the width 587 of a subpixel (see FIG. 5). In further aspects, the width 587 can be about 20 pm or more, about 50 pm or more, about 100 pm or more, about 200 pm or less, 180 pm or less, or about 150 pm or less. In further aspects, the width 587 can be in a range from about 20 pm to about 200 pm, from about 50 pm to about 180 pm, from about 100 pm to about 150 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, step 703 can comprise precision disposing the plurality of portions comprising the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c, for example, using an inkjet printing or dispensing material from a syringe or a micropipette. In aspects, step 703 can comprise disposing the plurality of portions comprising the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c can comprise a photolithography method. In aspects, although not shown, the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c can comprise a plurality of lines and/or two-dimensional intersecting lines (e.g., grid). In aspects, step 703 can be skipped (e.g., not following arrow 702) if the plurality of portions comprising the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c are already disposed on the second substrate 231a at the end of step 701.

[00142] After step 701 or 703, as shown in FIGS. 9-10, methods can proceed to step 705 comprising disposing a mask over the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 9, step 705 can comprise disposing a first liquid 903 over the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a to form a layer 905, for example, by dispensing the first liquid 903 from a container 901 (e.g., conduit, flexible tube, micropipette, or syringe). In aspects, as shown between FIGS. 9- 10, the layer 905 of the first liquid 903 can be cured to form a mask 1010. In aspects, the mask 1010 can comprise a photoresist. Throughout the disclosure, a positive photoresist refers to a material where a portion exposed to light in a wavelength range (e.g., ultraviolet) can be more easily removed (e.g., using an etchant) than a portion of the material not exposed to the light. Throughout the disclosure, a negative photoresist refers to a material where a portion exposed to light in a wavelength range (e.g., ultraviolet) is more resistant (e.g., etches slower) to removal (e.g., using an etchant) than a portion of the material not exposed to the light. In aspects, the mask 1010 can comprise a negative photoresist.

[00143] After step 705, as shown in FIGS. 10-12, methods can proceed to step 707 comprising developing the mask 1010 (e.g., negative photoresist), for example, by exposing portions of the mask 1010 to light 1003 emitted from a light source 1001. In aspects, as shown, the light can travel through the second substrate 231a before impinging the mask 1010 to develop the mask 1010 (e.g., photoresist) since the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c can absorb the light. In aspects, as shown, a plurality of first portions 1013a, 1013b, and 1013c can correspond to portions of the mask 1010 not exposed to the light 1003, and the first portions 1013a, 1013b, and 1013c can be aligned with corresponding portions of the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and 581c. In aspects, as shown, a plurality of second portions 1011a, 1011b, and 1011c can correspond to portions of the mask 1010 exposed to the light 1003, which can be more easily removed when the mask 1010 comprises a negative photoresist. Using a negative photoresist in manufacturing a component (e.g., reflective walls) of a display device (e.g., color converter sheet) can simplify manufacturing by taking advantage of an existing absorptive material disposed on a substrate to pattern and align spaces for the reflective walls. In aspects, step 707 can further comprise removing a plurality of first portions 1013a, 1013b, and 1013c of the mask 1010 to form a plurality of first spaces 1105.

[00144] After step 707, as shown in FIGS. 11-12, methods can proceed to step 709 comprising disposing a first material (e.g., walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c) in the plurality of first spaces 1105. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 11, step 709 can comprise disposing a second liquid 1101 into the plurality of first spaces 1105 to form a plurality of layers 1103a, 1103b, and 1103c, for example by dispensing the second liquid 1101 from the container 901. In further aspects, as shown, a free surface 1107 can be substantially level (e.g., coplanar, extend along a common plane) with a first surface area 1015a, 1015b, and 1015c of the plurality of second portions 1011a, 1011b, and 1011c of the mask 1010. In further aspects, disposing the second liquid can comprise a doctor blade, for example, where a surface (e.g., blade, squeegee) is drawn across the first surface area 1015a, 1015b, and 1015c of the plurality of second portions 1011a, 1011b, and 1011c of the mask 1010 to remove excess material while filling the plurality of first spaces 1105 with the second liquid 1101.

[00145] In aspects, as shown in FIG. 12, the second liquid 1101 can be cured to form a reflective material comprising a plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c. In further aspects, as shown in FIG. 12 and discussed above with reference to FIG. 5, the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c can comprise a polymer-based material 1223 surrounded by a metal layer 1221. In even further aspects, the polymer-based material 1223 can comprise one or more of the materials discussed above for the another material 645a, 645b, and/or 645c (e.g., an acrylate polymer). In even further aspects, the metal layer 1221 can comprise a metal material (e.g., silver, aluminum), for example, metal nanoparticles or a sputtered metal. In further aspects, the second liquid 1101 can comprise metal (e.g., nanoparticles) dispersed in and/or bonded to acrylate -based materials (e.g., acrylate monomers, acrylate oligomers) that can be cured to form the polymer-based material 1223 surrounded by the metal layer 1221. In aspects, a width of a wall of the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c can comprise a width within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the width 585 of the portions of the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and 581c, and/or comprise substantially the same width as the portions of the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and 581c.

[00146] After step 709, as shown in FIGS. 12-13, methods can proceed to step 711 comprising removing the plurality of second portions 1011a (see FIG. 11) of the mask 1010 to form a plurality of second spaces 1205. FIG. 12 is a cross-section along line 12-12 of FIG. 13, and FIG. 13 is a top view taken along view 13-13 of FIG. 12. In aspects, as shown, a first stencil 1201 comprising a first surface area 1203 and a second surface area 1209 opposite the first surface area 1203. In further aspects, as shown, the first stencil 1201 can be disposed over the mask 1010, the walls 571a, 571b, 571c, and the second substrate 231a, for example, with the second surface area 1209 facing and/or contacting the first surface area 1015b and 1015c and/or a surface 1213a, 1213b, and/or 1213c of the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c. In further aspects, as shown, the first stencil 1201 can comprise a window 1301 corresponding to the plurality of second portions 1011a. In further aspects, as shown, the first stencil 1201 can be temporarily adhered to the mask 1010 and the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c. In even further aspects, although not shown, the plurality of second portions 1011a (see FIG. 11) can be removed (e.g., etched through the window 1301 of the first stencil 1201) to form a plurality of second spaces 1205 and to reveal a second portion 1207 of the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a, which can be bounded by a pair of adjacent walls 571a and 571b. In aspects, step 711 can comprise removing the plurality of second portions 1011a while leaving other portions (e.g., plurality of third portions 1011b, plurality of fourth portions 1011c) of the mask 1010 or 1210.

[00147] In aspects, after step 709, methods can follow arrow 704 to step 743 comprising removing the mask 1010. In further aspects, the mask 1010 removed can comprise a negative photoresist. In further aspects, the mask 1010 can be removed by etching such that the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c stands proud from the second substrate 231a. After step 743, methods can proceed to step 745 comprising disposing another mask 1210 (e.g., positive photoresist) shown in FIGS. 14-15. In aspects, the another mask 1210 can comprise a positive photoresist. Providing a positive photoresist can facilitate removal of selected portions of the positive photoresist while reducing a risk of damaging the walls and/or the second substrate. After step 745, methods can proceed to step 747 comprising removing the removing the plurality of second portions 1011a (see FIG. 11) of the mask 1010 to form a plurality of second spaces 1205. In aspects, step 747 can comprise developing a fourth portion (e.g., the plurality of second portions 1011a) by exposing the portion to light and subsequently removing (e.g., etching) the plurality of second portions 1011a with or without the first stencil 1201 (see FIGS. 12-13). In aspects, step 747 can comprise using the first stencil 1201 (see FIGS. 12-13) to control access of an etchant to the plurality of second portions 1011a. [00148] After step 711 or 747, as shown in FIGS. 14-16, methods can proceed to step 713 comprising disposing a first material in the plurality of second spaces 1205 to form a first absorptive material (e.g., first color filter 553a). In aspects, as shown in FIG. 14, step 713 can comprise disposing a third ink 1403 (e.g., dispensed from the container 901) to form the third layer 1401 in the second space 1205, which can be cured to form the first color filter 553a. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 15, step 713 can comprise disposing a first solution 1501 comprising the first absorptive material and a solvent. In further aspects, the first absorptive material can be diluted with solvent to form the first solution such that the solution can completely fill the second space 1205 with a free surface 1503 coplanar (e.g., extend along a common plane) with the surface 1213a, 1213b, and 1213c of the walls 571a, 571b, and 571c and form the first color filter 553a comprising the filter thickness 559. In even further aspects, as shown in FIG. 15, the first solution 1501 can be disposed using a doctor blade, for example, by drawing a surface 1511 (e.g., blade, squeegee) in a direction 1513 across the surface 1213a, 1213b, and 1213c of the walls 571a, 571b, and 571c and the first surface area 1015b and 1015c of the mask 1010 or 1210 (e.g., surfaces of the plurality of third portions 1011b and/or the plurality of fourth portions 1011c). In further aspects, step 713 can further comprise evaporating the solvent from the first solution 1501 (e.g., by heating the first solution 1501) to form the first color filter 553a. Using a doctor blade can simplify deposition methods for the exposed section (e.g., second space 1205), which can reduce time, complexity, and/or labor required to manufacture the color converter sheet. Although only one second space 1205 is shown, it is to be understood that there can be a plurality of second spaces that can be arranged in a stripe pattern, as discussed above, and can all be filled in step 713. It is to be understood that step 713 can comprise disposing one or more LEDs in each second space of the plurality of second spaces before disposing the first material.

[00149] After step 713, as shown in FIG. 17, methods can follow arrow 706 to proceed to step 715 comprising disposing a fourth layer 1701 of material capable of sublimation comprising a seventh surface area 1703 and an eighth surface area 1705 opposite the seventh surface area 1703. In aspects, a thickness of the fourth layer 1701 can correspond to the first gap thickness 549 and/or be within the range discussed above for the first gap thickness 549. In aspects, the fourth layer 1701 (e.g., seventh surface area 1703) can be disposed on and/or contact the third surface area 555a of the first color filter 553a. As used herein, a material capable of sublimation refers to a material that can transform from a solid to a gas at a temperature range from about -20°C to about 200°C and/or a pressure in a range from about 1 Pascal to about 10 MegaPascals. An exemplary aspect of a material capable of sublimation is cyclododecane.

[00150] After step 713 or 715, as shown in FIGS. 18-19, methods can proceed to step 717 comprising disposing a first photoluminescent material 533a on the first color filter 553a and the plurality of second portions 1207 of the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a and/or in the second space 1205. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 18, a first ink 1801 can be disposed in the second space 1205 and/or over the second portion 1207 of the third major surface 235a. In further aspects, as shown, the first ink 1801 can be disposed using a doctor blade, for example, with a surface 1511 (e.g., blade squeegee) drawn in a direction 1513 across the surface 1213a, 1213b, and/or 1213c and the first surface area 1015b and 1015c of the mask 1010 or 1210 (e.g., surfaces of the plurality of third portions 1011b and/or the plurality of fourth portions 1011c). In further aspects, as shown, a free surface 1803 of the first ink 1801 can be substantially coplanar (e.g., extend along a common plane) with the surface 1213a, 1213b, and/or 1213c and the first surface area 1015b and 1015c of the mask 1010 or 1210 (e.g., surfaces of the plurality of third portions 1011b and/or the plurality of fourth portions 1011c). In aspects, as shown in FIG. 19, curing the first ink 1801 comprising the first photoluminescent material 533a can form the photoluminescent materials 533a. In further aspects, the photoluminescent thickness 539 of the first photoluminescent material 533a can be less than a thickness of the fifth layer, for example, as a result of shrinkage during curing. In aspects, the photoluminescent material can comprise a phosphor and/or a quantum dot. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 30, a fifth layer 3001a of a material capable of sublimation can be disposed on the first photoluminescent material 533a such that an outer surface 3003a of the fifth layer 3001a is coplanar (e.g., extend along a common plane) with the surface 1213a, 1213b, and/or 1213c of the walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. In further aspects, the fifth layer 3001a can be disposed in step 717 or a subsequent step. In even further aspects, the seventh layer 3001b can comprise a material capable of sublimation, for example, the same material as the fourth layer 1701. It is to be understood that the fifth layer 3001a can be disposed in step 717 even though it is not shown in FIGS. 20-29.

[00151] After step 717, as shown in FIGS. 20-21, methods can proceed to step 719 comprising removing a portion of the mask 1010 or 1210 to form a third space 2005 and/or to reveal a plurality of third portions 2007 of the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a. FIG. 20 is a cross-section along line 20-20 of FIG. 21, and FIG. 21 is a top view taken along view 21-21 of FIG. 20. In aspects, as shown, a second stencil 2001 comprising a first surface area 2003 and a second surface area 2009 opposite the first surface area 2003 can be disposed over the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c, the mask 1010 or 1201, and/or the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a, for example, with the second surface area 2009 facing and/or contacting the first surface area 1015c and/or the surface 1213a, 1213b, and/or 1213c of the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c. In further aspects, as shown, the second stencil 2001 can comprise window 2101 corresponding to a plurality of third portions 1011b (see FIG. 19) that will be removed to form the third space 2005 and/or to reveal a plurality of third portions 2007. In further aspects, as shown, the second stencil 2001 can be temporarily adhered to the mask 1010 or 1210 and the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c. In even further aspects, although not shown, the plurality of third portions 1011b (see FIG. 19) can be removed (e.g., etched through the window 2101 of the second stencil 2001) to form a plurality of third spaces 2005 and to reveal the third portion 2007 of the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a, which can be bounded by a pair of adjacent walls 571b and 571c. In aspects, the mask 1010 can comprise a negative photoresist, or the mask 1210 can comprise a positive photoresist. In aspects, step 719 can comprise removing a plurality of third portions 1011b while leaving other portions of the mask 1010 or 1210 (e.g., plurality of fourth portions 1011c).

[00152] After step 719, as shown in FIG. 22, methods can proceed to step 721 comprising disposing a second absorptive material (e.g., second color filter 553b) on the plurality of third portions 2007 and/or the plurality of third spaces 2005. In aspects, as discussed above with reference to FIG. 15 and step 713, step 721 can comprise disposing a solution comprising the corresponding absorptive material diluted with solvent that can be disposed using a doctor blade, for example, with a free surface coplanar (e.g., extend along a common plane) with the surface 1213a, 1213b, and 1213c of the walls 571a, 571b, and 571c and form the second color filter 553b comprising the filter thickness 559). In aspects, as discussed above with reference to FIG. 14 and step 713 can comprise disposing a liquid that can be cured to form the corresponding absorptive material. Although only one third space 2005 and/or third portion 2007 is shown, it is to be understood that there can be a plurality of third spaces and/or third portions that can be arranged in a stripe pattern, as discussed above, and can all be filled in step 721. It is to be understood that step 721 can comprise disposing one or more LEDs in each third space of the plurality of third spaces before disposing the material to form the second color filter.

[00153] After step 721, as shown in FIG. 23, methods can follow arrow 708 to proceed to step 723 comprising disposing a sixth layer 2301 of material capable of sublimation comprising a seventh surface area 2303 and an eighth surface area 2305 opposite the seventh surface area 2303. In aspects, the sixth layer 2301 can comprise the same material as the fourth layer 1701. In aspects, a thickness of the sixth layer 2301 can be substantially equal to a thickness of the fourth layer 1701, correspond to the first gap thickness 549, and/or be within the range discussed above for the first gap thickness 549. In aspects, the sixth layer 2301 (e.g., seventh surface area 2303) can be disposed on and/or contact the third surface area 555b of the second color filter 553b.

[00154] After step 721 or 723, as shown in FIG. 24, methods can proceed to step 725 comprising disposing a second photoluminescent material 533b on the second color filter 553b and the plurality of third portions 2007 of the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a and/or in the third space 2005. Although not shown, it is to be understood that the second photoluminescent material 533b can be formed by curing a second ink disposed in the third space 2005 similar to and/or identical to the first ink 1801 (e.g., using a doctor blade) and/or shrink as a result of curing, as discussed with respect to step 717 and reference to FIG. 18. In further aspects, the seventh layer 3001b (see FIG. 30) can be disposed in step 725 or a subsequent step. In even further aspects, the seventh layer 3001b can comprise a material capable of sublimation, for example, the same material as the fourth layer 1701, the fifth layer 3001a, and/or the sixth layer 2301. It is to be understood that the seventh layer 3001b can be disposed in step 725 even though it is not shown in FIGS. 25-29.

[00155] After step 725, as shown in FIGS. 25-26, methods can proceed to step 727 comprising removing a portion of the mask 1010 or 1210 to form a fourth space 2505 and/or to reveal a plurality of fourth portions 2507 of the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a. FIG. 25 is a cross-section along line 25-25 of FIG. 26, and FIG. 26 is a top view taken along view 26-26 of FIG. 25. In aspects, as shown, a third stencil 2501 comprising a first surface area 2503 and a second surface area 2509 opposite the first surface area 2503 can be disposed over the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c, and/or the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a, for example, with the second surface area 2509 facing and/or contacting the surface 1213a, 1213b, and/or 1213c of the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c. In further aspects, as shown, the third stencil 2501 can comprise window 2601 corresponding to a plurality of fourth portions 1011c (see FIG. 24) that will be removed to form the fourth space 2505 and/or to reveal a plurality of fourth portions 2507. In further aspects, as shown, the third stencil 2501 can be temporarily adhered to the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c. In even further aspects, although not shown, the plurality of fourth portions 1011c (see FIG. 24) can be removed (e.g., etched through the window 2601 of the third stencil 2501) to form a plurality of fourth spaces 2505 and revealing the fourth portion 2507 of the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a, which can be bounded by a pair of adjacent walls 571c and 571a. In aspects, the mask 1010 can comprise a negative photoresist, or the mask 1210 can comprise a positive photoresist.

[00156] After step 727, as shown in FIG. 27, methods can proceed to step 729 comprising disposing a third absorptive material (e.g., third color filter 553c) on the plurality of fourth portions 2507 and/or the plurality of fourth spaces 2505. In aspects, as discussed above with reference to FIG. 15 and step 713, step 729 can comprise disposing a solution comprising the corresponding absorptive material diluted with solvent that can be disposed using a doctor blade, for example, with a free surface coplanar (e.g., extend along a common plane) with the surface 1213a, 1213b, and 1213c of the walls 571a, 571b, and 571c and form the third color filter 553c comprising the filter thickness 559). In aspects, as discussed above with reference to FIG. 14 and step 713 can comprise disposing a liquid that can be cured to form the corresponding absorptive material. Although only one fourth space 2505 and/or fourth portion 2507 is shown, it is to be understood that there can be a plurality of fourth spaces and/or fourth portions that can be arranged in a stripe pattern, as discussed above, and can all be filled in step 729. It is to be understood that step 729 can comprise disposing one or more LEDs in each fourth space of the plurality of fourth spaces before disposing the third absorptive material.

[00157] After step 729, as shown in FIG. 28, methods can follow arrow 710 to proceed to step 731 comprising disposing an eighth layer 2801 of material capable of sublimation comprising a seventh surface area 2803 and an eighth surface area 2805 opposite the seventh surface area 2803. In aspects, the eighth layer 2801 can comprise the same material as the fourth layer 1701 and/or the sixth layer 2301. In aspects, a thickness of the eighth layer 2801 can be substantially equal to a thickness of the fourth layer 1701 and/or the sixth layer 2301 correspond to the first gap thickness 549, and/or be within the range discussed above for the first gap thickness 549. In aspects, the eighth layer 2801 (e.g., seventh surface area 2303) can be disposed on and/or contact the third surface area 555b of the second color filter 553b.

[00158] After step 729 or 731, as shown in FIG. 29, methods can proceed to step 733 comprising disposing a third material 533c on the third color filter 553c and the plurality of fourth portions 2507 of the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a and/or in the fourth space 2505. In aspects, the third material 533c can comprise a photoluminescent material, for example, a phosphor or a quantum dot. Although not shown, it is to be understood that the third material 533c can be formed by curing a third ink disposed in the fourth space 2505 similar to and/or identical to the first ink 1801 (e.g., using a doctor blade) and/or shrink as a result of curing, as discussed with respect to step 717 and reference to FIG. 18. In further aspects, the ninth layer 3001c can be disposed in step 733 or a subsequent step. In even further aspects, the ninth layer 3001c can comprise a material capable of sublimation, for example, the same material as the fourth layer 1701, the fifth layer 3001a, the sixth layer 2301, and/or the seventh layer 3001b. It is to be understood that the ninth layer 3001c can be disposed in step 733 even though it is not shown in FIG. 29. [00159] In aspects, after step 729, methods can follow arrow 712 to step 749 comprising disposing a third material 533c on the third color filter 553c and the plurality of fourth portions 2507 of the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a and/or in the fourth space 2505. Unlike in step 733, in step 749, the third material 533c can comprise a non-photoluminescent material comprising a refractive index substantially identical to the refractive index of the first photoluminescent material 533a and/or the second photoluminescent material 533b. For example, when a light source of the plurality of light sources 241a and 241b is configured to emit light corresponding to a color of the third sub-pixel (e.g., a “blue” color), the third material 533c is not required to convert the light from the light source. In aspects, although not shown, the third material can fill any fraction of the fourth space 2505.

[00160] In aspects, after step 733, as shown in FIG. 30, methods can follow arrow 714 to step 751 comprising disposing a material capable of sublimation as the fifth layer 3001a disposed over the first photoluminescent material 533a, the seventh layer 3001b disposed over the second photoluminescent material 533b, and/or a ninth layer 3001c disposed over the third material 533c. In aspects, as shown, the fifth layer 3001a can comprise an inner surface 3005a facing and/or contacting the first surface area 535a of the first photoluminescent material 533a and the outer surface 3003a opposite the inner surface 3005a. In aspects, as shown, a layer thickness 3009 can be defined between the inner surface 3005a and the outer surface 3003a. In aspects, the layer thickness 3009 can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the second gap thickness 529. In further aspects, as shown, the layer thickness 3009 can be substantially equal to a distance (e.g., in the direction of the second substrate thickness 569) between the surface 1213a, 1213b, and/or 1213c of the walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c and the first surface area 535a of the first photoluminescent material 533a. In aspects, as shown, the outer surface 3003a of the fifth layer 3001a can be coplanar (e.g., extend along a common plane) with the surface 1213a, 1213b, and/or 1213c of the walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. In aspects, as shown, the seventh layer 3001b can comprise an inner surface 3005b facing and/or contacting the first surface area 535b of the second photoluminescent material 533b and the outer surface 3003b opposite the inner surface 3005b. In aspects, a thickness of the seventh layer 3001b can be within one or more of the ranges for the layer thickness 3009, and/or the thickness of the seventh layer 3001b can be substantially equal to the layer thickness 3009. In aspects, as shown, the ninth layer 3001c can comprise an inner surface 3005c facing and/or contacting the first surface area 535c of the third material 533c and the outer surface 3003c opposite the inner surface 3005c. In aspects, a thickness of the ninth layer 3001c can be within one or more of the ranges for the layer thickness 3009, and/or the thickness of the ninth layer 3001c can be substantially equal to the layer thickness 3009. As discussed above, the fifth layer 3001a, seventh layer 3001b, and/or ninth layer 3001c may be disposed in step 751 or at the end of the step when the corresponding photoluminescent material was disposed. In aspects, although not shown, the ninth layer can be omitted in aspects when the first surface area 535c of the third material 533c is substantially coplanar (e.g., extends along a common plane) with the surface 1213a, 1213b, and/or 1213c of the walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c.

[00161] After step 733, 749, or 751, as shown in FIG. 31, methods can proceed to step 735 comprising disposing a first substrate 211a on the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. In aspects, as shown, the first substrate 211a can be attached to the walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c by the first adhesive layer 511. In further aspects, as shown, the first contact surface 515 of the first adhesive layer 511 can contact the second major surface 217a of the first substrate 211a. In further aspects, as shown, the second contact surface 517 of the first adhesive layer 511 can contact the surface 1213a, 1213b, and/or 1213c of the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. In aspects, the dichroic mirror 631 of FIG. 6 can be disposed on and/or contact the first substrate 211a. In further aspects, the dichroic mirror 631 can be attached to the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c by the first adhesive layer 511.

[00162] In aspects, after step 735, as shown between FIGS. 5-6 and 31, methods can follow arrow 716 to step 737 comprising sublimating the material capable of sublimation to form a gap where the material capable of sublimation was located. For example, the material of the fourth layer 1701, the sixth layer 2301, and/or the eighth layer 2801 can be sublimated to form the first gap 543a, 543b, and/or 543c shown in FIG. 5. In further examples, the material of the fifth layer 3001a, the seventh layer 3001b, and/or the ninth layer 3001c can be sublimated to form the second gap 523a, 523b, and/or 523c shown in FIGS. 5-6.

[00163] After step 735 or 737, methods can proceed to step 739 comprising assembling a device comprising the color converter sheet 261a, 261b, 501, and/or 601. As shown in FIG. 2, the color converter sheet 261a and/or 261b can be incorporated into a laser phosphor display (e.g., rollable laser phosphor display 101). In aspects, as described above, the color converter sheet 261a, 261b, 501, and/or 601 can be used in conjunction with a plurality of light-emitting diodes (e.g., LED, OLED), where each subpixel of the color converter sheet corresponds to a light-emitting diode of the plurality of light-emitting diodes, for example, as a display device and/or a consumer electronic device. After step 713, 717, 721, 725, 729, 733, 737, or 739, methods can be complete upon reaching step 741.

[00164] In aspects, methods of making a color converter sheet 261a, 261b, 501, and/or 601 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure can proceed along steps 701, 705, 707, 709, 711, 713, 717, 719, 721, 725, 727, 729, 733, 735, 739, and 741 of the flow chart in FIG. 7 sequentially, as discussed above. In aspects, arrow 702 can be followed from step 701 to step 703, for example, when the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c is to be disposed on the second substrate 231a but is not already present at the end of step 701. In aspects, arrow 704 can be followed from step 709 to step 743 and continuing with steps 745 and 747, for example, if the mask 1010 (e.g., negative photoresist) used to form the walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c is to be replaced with an another mask 1210 (e.g., positive photoresist) for subsequent processing. In aspects, arrow 706 can be followed from step 713 to step 715, for example, if the first gap 543a is to be formed by disposing the fourth layer 1701 comprising the material capable of sublimation. In aspects, arrow 708 can be followed from step 721 to step 723, for example, if the first gap 543b is to be formed by disposing the sixth layer 2301 comprising the material capable of sublimation. In aspects, arrow 710 can be followed from step 729 to step 731, for example, if the first gap 543b is to be formed by disposing the sixth layer 2301 comprising the material capable of sublimation. In aspects, arrow 712 can be followed from step 729 to step 749, for example, when a light source of the plurality of light sources 241a and 241b is configured to emit light corresponding to a color of the third sub-pixel (e.g., a “blue” color). In aspects, arrow 714 can be followed from step 733 to step 751, for example, if the second gap 523a, 523b, and/or 523c are to be formed and the fifth layer 3001a, the seventh layer 3001b, and/or the ninth layer 3001c are not present at the end of step 733. In aspects, arrow 716 can be followed from step 735 to step 737, for example, to form the first gap 543a, 543b, and/or 543c and/or the second gap 523a, 523b, and/or 523c. In aspects, arrow 718 can be followed from step 713 to step 741, for example, if the method is complete at the end of the step 713. In aspects, arrow 720 can be followed from step 717 to step 741, for example, if the method is complete at the end of the step 717. In aspects, arrow 722 can be followed from step 721 to step 741, for example, if the method is complete at the end of the step 721. In aspects, arrow 724 can be followed from step 725 to step 741, for example, if the method is complete at the end of the step 725. In aspects, arrow 726 can be followed from step 729 to step 741, for example, if the method is complete at the end of the step 729. In aspects, arrow 728 can be followed from step 737 to step 741, for example, if the method is complete at the end of the step 737. In aspects, arrow 730 can be followed from step 733 to step 741, for example, if the method is complete at the end of the step 733. Any of the above options may be combined to make a color converter sheet in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.

[00165] Aspects of methods of making the color converter sheet 601 illustrated in FIG. 6, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure, will be discussed with reference to the flow chart in FIG. 32 and example method steps illustrated in FIGS. 33- 42 and 44.

[00166] In a first step 3201 of methods of the disclosure, as shown in FIG. 33, methods can start with providing a carrier 3301. In aspects, the carrier 3301 may be provided by purchase or otherwise obtaining a substrate or by forming the carrier. In aspects, the carrier 3301 can comprise a glass-based material, a ceramic-based material, or a polymer-based material. In further aspects, glass-based substrates can be provided by forming them with a variety of ribbon forming processes, for example, slot draw, downdraw, fusion down-draw, up-draw, press roll, redraw or float. In further aspects, glassbased substrates comprising ceramic crystals can be provided by heating a glass-based substrate to crystallize one or more ceramic crystals. The carrier 3301 may comprise the carrier major surface 3303.

[00167] After step 3201, in aspects, as shown in FIG. 33, methods can proceed to step 3203 comprising patterning a material on the carrier 3301. In aspects, as shown, a lift-off resist 3311 can be disposed on the carrier major surface 3303 of the carrier 3301. The lift-off resist 3311 can comprise a material that can be easily removed from additional materials disposed thereon using an etchant, heating the material, cooling the material, or applying ultrasonication. In further aspects, the lift-off resist 3311 can comprise a first contact surface 3313 and a second contact surface 3315 opposite the first contact surface 3313. In even further aspects, the second contact surface 3315 of the liftoff resist 3311 can face and/or contact the carrier major surface 3303 of the carrier 3301. In aspects, as shown, material can be disposed on the carrier 3301 and/or the lift-off resist 3311 to form structures corresponding to a plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. In further aspects, as shown, the material can correspond to the another material 645a, 645b, and/or 645c discussed above with reference to FIG. 6. In further aspects, the another material 645a, 645b, and/or 645c can comprise exposed surfaces 647a, 647b, and/or 647c facing the first contact surface 3313 and/or the carrier major surface 3303. In further aspects, the exposed surfaces 647a, 647b, and/or 647c can contact the first contact surface 3313 of the lift-off resist 3311. In further aspects, patterning the material (e.g., another material 645a, 645b, and/or 645c) can comprise developing a photoresist.

[00168] After step 3203, as shown in FIG. 34, methods can proceed to step 3205 comprising metallizing the material, which can correspond to the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. As shown in FIG. 34, a metallic layer 3401 can be disposed on the another material 645a, 645b, and/or 645c. In some aspects, as shown, the metallic layer 3401 can be disposed on the first contact surface 3313 of the lift-off resist 3311. In aspects, the metallic layer 3401 can comprise a metallic thickness 649, which can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the metallic thickness 649. In aspects, the metallic layer 3401 can comprise aluminum and/or silver. In aspects, disposing the metallic material can comprise sputtering the metallic material from a metallic source. In aspects, at the end of step 3205 as shown in FIG. 34, the metallized material can be the walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c shown in FIG. 6. [00169] After step 3205, as shown in FIG. 35, methods can proceed to step 3207 comprising attaching the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c to the second substrate 231a. In aspects, as shown, the coating 621 can be disposed on the second substrate 231a (e.g., fourth major surface 237a). In aspects, as shown, the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c can be disposed on the second substrate (e.g., third major surface 235a), for example, with the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c positioned between adjacent color filters of the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c. In aspects, although not shown, a plurality of LEDs can be within the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c and/or disposed on the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a. In aspects, as shown, the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c can be attached to the second substrate 231a using the second adhesive layer 603. In further aspects, as shown, the second adhesive layer 603 can comprise the second adhesive thickness 609 discussed above with reference to FIG. 6. In further aspects, as shown, the metallic layer 3401 of the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c can contact and/or be pressed into the third contact surface 605 of the second adhesive layer 603. In further aspects, as shown, the fourth contact surface 607 of the second adhesive layer 603 can contact the third surface area 555a, 555b, and/or 555c of the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c.

[00170] After step 3207, as shown in FIGS. 35-36, methods can proceed to step 3209 comprising separating the carrier 3301 from the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c by separating the lift-off resist 3311 from the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. In aspects, separating the carrier 3301 from the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c can comprise using an etchant, heating the material, cooling the material, or applying ultrasonication. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 36, the exposed surfaces 647a, 647b, and/or 647c of the another material 645a, 645b, and/or 645c can be exposed. In aspects, as shown in FIGS. 35-36, portions of the metallic layer 3401 not part of the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c can be removed during step 3209. In further aspects, as shown, the metallic layer 3401 can be separated into portions 3601a, 3601b, and/or 3601c that are part of the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. [00171] After step 3209, as shown in FIG. 37, methods can proceed to step 3211 comprising attaching the first substrate 211a to the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c with a first adhesive layer 511. In aspects, as shown, the dichroic mirror 631 can be disposed on the second major surface 217a of the first substrate 211a. In aspects, as shown, the first contact surface 515 of the first adhesive layer 511 can contact the eighth surface area 635 of the dichroic mirror 631. In aspects, as shown, the second contact surface 517 of the first adhesive layer 511 can contact and/or be pressed into the exposed surfaces 647a, 647b, and/or 647c of the another material 645a, 645b, and/or 645c and/or the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. At the end of step 3211, a plurality of capillaries (e.g., sets of capillaries: first set of capillaries 3907a, second set of capillaries 3907b, and/or third set of capillaries 3907c see FIG. 39) can be formed between the first substrate 211a, the second substrate 231a, and the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c.

[00172] After step 3211, as shown in FIGS. 38-39, methods can proceed to step 3215 comprising covering a second capillary 3907b and a third capillary 3907c by disposing a first cap 3801a and a second cap 3801b. FIG. 39 is a side cross-sectional view of FIG. 38. In aspects, the first cap 3801a and/or the second cap 3801b can be temporarily placed on (e.g., adhered to) the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c. In aspects, the first cap 3801a and/or the second cap 3801b can comprise a polymer- based material. An exemplary aspect of a material for the first cap 3801a and/or the second cap 3801b can be a fluorine-based polymer, for example, PTFE. Although not shown, it is to be understood that the caps (e.g., first cap 3801a, second cap 3801b) can be part of an apparatus used in subsequent steps (e.g., step 3213). In aspects, the first cap 3801a can be disposed on a first end 3911b of the second set of capillaries 3907b, and/or the second cap 3801b can be disposed on a first end 3911c of the third set of capillaries 3907c. In further aspects, the first cap 3801a can seal a first end 3911b of the second plurality of capillaries 3907b, and/or the second cap 3801b can seal a first end 3911c of the third plurality of capillaries 3907c. Covering and/or sealing an end of some of the capillaries can reduce penetration of ink into the covered capillaries.

[00173] As shown in FIGS. 39-40, step 3215 can further comprise drawing a first ink 3903 up a first set of capillaries 3907a of the plurality of capillaries 3907a, 3907b, and/or 3907c. Although only a single first capillary 3907a is shown in FIG. 39, it is to be understood that the additional first capillaries (e.g., first set of capillaries) can be present and/or processed identically to the first capillary 3907a shown. In aspects, as shown, the first ink 3903 can be contained in a first ink bath 3901. In aspects, the first ink 3903 can comprise a quantum dot or a photoluminescent phosphor. In aspects, as shown, the first ink 3903 can be drawn into the first set of capillaries 3907a from the first ink bath 3901, as indicated by arrow 3905. In aspects, drawing the first ink 3903 into the first set of capillaries 3907a can comprise applying a vacuum to the first end 3911a of the first set of capillaries 3907a opposite a second end 3913a of the first set of capillaries 3907a contacting the first ink 3903 of the first ink bath 3901. In further aspects, the vacuum can be applied specifically to the first set of capillaries 3907a. In aspects, drawing the first ink 3903 into the first set of capillaries 3907a can comprise increasing a hydrostatic pressure of the first ink 3903 in the first ink bath 3901, for example, by placing a column of the first ink or an elevated reservoir of the first ink in fluid communication with the first ink in the first ink bath. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 40, the first ink 3903 drawn into the first set of capillaries 3907a can be cured to form the photoluminescent material 533a. In further aspects, the first ink 3903 can be cured to form the photoluminescent material 533a during step 3215. In aspects, a cap (e.g., first cap 4007a) can be placed on the first end 3911a of the first set of capillaries 3907a in step 3215 or in step 3217 (discussed below). In aspects, although not shown, the first ink 3903 can be cured to form the photoluminescent material 533a in a subsequent step (e.g., step 3225 or 3227 discussed below).

[00174] After step 3215 as shown in FIG. 40, methods can proceed to step 3217 comprising removing the first cap 3801a at the first end 3911b of the second set of capillaries 3907b. In aspects, as shown, a first cap 4007a can be disposed on the first set of capillaries 3907a. In aspects, as shown, the second cap 3801b or 4007b can be disposed on the first end 3911c of the third set of capillaries 3907c. In further aspects, the second cap 3801b shown in FIG. 39 can be removed and another second cap 4007b can be disposed on the first end 3911c in step 3215 or 3217.

[00175] After step 3217, as shown in FIGS. 40-41, methods can proceed to step 3219 comprising drawing a second ink 4003 up a second set of capillaries 3907b. Although only a single second capillary 3907b is shown in FIG. 40, it is to be understood that the additional second capillaries (e.g., second set of capillaries) can be present and/or processed identically to the second capillary 3907b shown. In aspects, as shown, the second ink 4003 can be contained in a second ink bath 4001. In aspects, the second ink 4003 can comprise a quantum dot or a photoluminescent phosphor. In aspects, as shown, the second ink 4003 can be drawn into the second set of capillaries 3907b from the second ink bath 4001, as indicated by arrow 4005. In aspects, drawing the second ink 4003 into the second set of capillaries 3907b can comprise applying a vacuum to the first end 3911b of the second set of capillaries 3907b opposite a second end 3913b of the second set of capillaries 3907b contacting the second ink 4003 of the second ink bath 4001. In further aspects, the vacuum can be applied specifically to the second set of capillaries 3907b. In aspects, drawing the second ink 4003 into the first set of capillaries 3907b can comprise increasing a hydrostatic pressure of the second ink 4003 of the second ink bath 4001. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 41, the second ink 4003 drawn into the second set of capillaries 3907b can be cured to form the photoluminescent material 533b. In further aspects, the second ink 4003 can be cured to form the photoluminescent material 533b during step 3219. In aspects, a cap (e.g., second cap 4107b) can be placed on the first end 3911b of the second set of capillaries 3907b in step 3219 or in step 3221 (discussed below). In aspects, although not shown, the second ink 4003 can be cured to form the photoluminescent material 533b in a subsequent step (e.g., step 3225 or 3227 discussed below).

[00176] After step 3219 as shown in FIG. 41, methods can proceed to step 3221 comprising removing the second cap 3801b or 4007b at the first end 3911c of the third set of capillaries 3907c. In aspects, as shown, a second cap 4107b can be disposed on the second set of capillaries 3907b. In aspects, as shown, the first cap 4007a or 4107a can be disposed on the first end 3911a of the first set of capillaries 3907a. In further aspects, the first cap 4007a shown in FIG. 40 can be removed and another first cap 4107a can be disposed on the first end 3911a in step 3219 or 3221.

[00177] After step 3221, as shown in FIGS. 41-42, methods can proceed to step 3223 comprising drawing a third ink 4103 up a third set of capillaries 3907c. Although only a single third capillary 3907c is shown in FIG. 41, it is to be understood that the additional third capillaries (e.g., third set of capillaries) can be present and/or processed identically to the third capillary 3907c shown. In aspects, as shown, the third ink 4103 can be contained in a third ink bath 4101. In aspects, the third ink 4103 can comprise a quantum dot or a photoluminescent phosphor. In aspects, the third ink 4103 can comprise a photoluminescent material. In aspects, as shown, the third ink 4103 can be drawn into the third set of capillaries 3907c from the third ink bath 4101, as indicated by arrow 4105. In aspects, drawing the third ink 4103 into the third set of capillaries 3907c can comprise applying a vacuum to the first end 3911c of the third set of capillaries 3907c opposite a second end 3913c of the third set of capillaries 3907c contacting the third ink 4103 of the third ink bath 4101. In further aspects, the vacuum can be applied specifically to the third set of capillaries 3907c. In aspects, drawing the third ink 4103 into the first set of capillaries 3907c can comprise increasing a hydrostatic pressure of the third ink 4103 of the third ink bath 4101. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 42, the third ink 4103 drawn into the third set of capillaries 3907c can be cured to form the third material 533c. In further aspects, the third ink 4103 can be cured to form the third material 533c during step 3223. In aspects, a cap can be placed on the first end 3911c of the third set of capillaries 3907c in step 3223. In aspects, the third ink 4103 can be cured to form the third material 533c in a subsequent step (e.g., step 3225 or 3227 discussed below).

[00178] After step 3223, as shown in FIG. 42, methods can proceed to step 3225 comprising disposing a first end cap 4201 at the first end 3911a, 3911b, and 3911c of the plurality of capillaries (e.g., sets of capillaries 3907a, 3907b, and/or 3907c). In aspects, the inks (e.g., first ink 3903, second ink 4003, third ink 4103) can be cured in the step when they are drawn into the corresponding plurality of capillaries (e.g., sets of capillaries 3907a, 3907b, and/or 3907c) or in step 3223. In further aspects, as discussed above with reference to step 717, curing the inks can result in shrinkage, which means that the plurality of photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c can fill less space than the corresponding ink. In even further aspects, curing the inks can form the second gap 523a, 523b, and/or 523c shown in FIG. 6. In aspects, step 3223 can comprise replacing the first cap 4007a or 4107a and the second cap 4107b shown in FIG. 41 with the first end cap 4201 shown in FIG. 42. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 42, step 3225 can further comprise disposing a second end cap 4211 opposite the first end cap 4201, for example, disposing the second end cap 4211 over the second end 3913a, 3913b, and 3913c of the plurality of capillaries (e.g., sets of capillaries 3907a, 3907b, and/or 3907c). In aspects, the first end cap 4201 and/or the second end cap 4211 can comprise a material comprising low permeability to water and/or oxygen, for example, forming a hermetic seal. For example, an oxygen permeability of the first end cap 4201 and/or the second end cap 4211 can be about 10’ ² cm ³ /m ² /day or less, about 10’ ³ cm ³ /m ² /day or less, about IO’ ⁴ cm ³ /m ² /day or less, about 10’ ⁵ cm ³ /m ² /day or less, or about 10’ ⁶ cm ³ /m ² /day or less. Proving a first end cap and/or a second end cap can provide a hermetic seal that can prevent moisture and/or oxygen from permeating, which could impair a functionality of one or more sets of the plurality of photoluminescent material, for example quantum dots, near an end of a capillary. In aspects, the first end cap 4201 and/or the second end cap 4211 can comprise glass, which can be formed by melting (e.g., using a laser). In aspects, the first end cap 4201 and/or the second end cap 4211 can be formed the same material as the first substrate 211a and/or the second substrate 231a. In aspects, step 3225 can further comprise assembling the color converter sheet, for example, as part of a LPD (e.g., rollable LPD).

[00179] After step 3225, methods can follow arrow 3218 to proceed to step 3227 optionally comprising assembling the color converter sheet. In aspects, step 3227 can comprise incorporating the color converter sheet into a consumer electronic device. In aspects, methods can be complete upon reaching step 3227, where the method can proceed to 3229 without further action. After step 3211, 3217, or 3227, methods can be complete upon reaching step 3229. In aspects, methods of making a color converter sheet 261a, 261b, and/or 601 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure can proceed along steps 3201, 3203, 3205, 3207, 3209, 3211, 3215, 3217, 3219, 3221, 3223, 3225, 3227, and 3229 of the flow chart in FIG. 32 sequentially, as discussed above. In aspects, arrow 3202 can be followed from step 3201 to step 3215, for example, when the plurality of capillaries (e.g., sets of capillaries 3907a, 3907b, and/or 3907c) are present at the end of step 3201. In aspects, arrow 3212 can be followed from step 3211 to step 3229, for example, if the product of the methods is to comprise open capillaries that can be filled in subsequent processing. In aspects, arrow 3214 can be followed from step 3217 to step 3229, for example, if the product of the methods is to comprise the first ink and/or first photo luminescent material in the first set of capillaries and/or other capillaries are to be filled in subsequent processing. In aspects, arrow 3216 can be followed from step 3217 to step 3227, for example, if methods comprise assembling an apparatus with the first photoluminescent material in the first set of capillaries. Any of the above options may be combined to make a color converter sheet in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.

[00180] Aspects of methods of making the color converter sheet 601 illustrated in FIG. 6, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure, will now be discussed with reference to the flow chart in FIG. 32 and example method steps illustrated in FIGS. 37-45.

[00181] Steps 3201, 3203, 3205, and 3207 can occur as described above. In aspects, after step 3209, as shown in FIG. 45, methods can follow arrow 3208 to step 3213 comprising attaching a temporary substrate 4501 to second substrate 231a by using a temporary adhesive layer 4511 contacting the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c and a sixth contact surface 4507 of the temporary substrate 4501. In aspects, the temporary adhesive layer 4511 can comprise a temporary adhesive thickness 4519 defined between a fifth contact surface 4515 and sixth contact surface 4517 opposite the fifth contact surface 4515 can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the first adhesive layer 511. In aspects, the temporary substrate 4501 can comprise a polymer-based material, for example, fluorine-containing polymers and/or elastomers. Providing the temporary substrate can form the plurality of capillaries used in steps 3215, 3217, 3219, 3221, 3223, and/or 3225.

[00182] After step 3213, methods can proceed along steps 3215, 3217, 3219, 3221, 3223, and 3225, as discussed above with the temporary substrate 4501 in place of the first substrate 211a to produce the article shown in FIG. 46. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 46, a temporary gap 4603a, 4603b, and/or 4603c can be formed between the temporary adhesive layer 4511 and the plurality of photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c, for example, formed by shrinkage that occurs as a result of curing the plurality of inks to form the plurality of photoluminescent materials. In further aspects, the temporary gap 4603a, 4603b, and/or 4603c can comprise a temporary gap thickness 4609, which can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the second gap thickness 529. After step 3225, as shown in FIG. 47, methods can proceed to step 3237 comprising removing the temporary substrate 4501. In aspects, as shown, step 3237 can further comprise removing the temporary adhesive layer 4511.

[00183] After step 3237, as shown in FIG. 48, methods can proceed to step 3239 comprising dislodging the plurality of photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c. In aspects, as shown, dislodging the plurality photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c can form the first gap 543a, 543b, and/or 543c between the color filter 553a, 553b, and/or 553c of a plurality of color filters and a corresponding photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 553c, as discussed above. In aspects, disclosing the plurality of dislodging the plurality photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c can comprise applying suction (e.g., a vacuum) to the first surface areas 535a, 535b, and/or 535c of the plurality of photoluminescent materials and/or applying a stream a gas at an interface between the second surface areas 537a, 537b, and/or 537c and the third contact surface 605 of the second adhesive layer 603. As discussed above, providing the plurality of first gaps can increase an efficiency (e.g., luminance, conversion efficiency, extraction efficiency) of the color converter sheet and/or increase a directionality (e.g., local dimming index, image clarity) of an image viewed from a display comprising the color converter sheet.

[00184] After step 3237 or 3239, methods can proceed to step 3241 comprising disposing the first substrate 211a over the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c and/or the second substrate 231a. In aspects, depositing the first substrate 211a can comprise attaching the first substrate 211a to the second substrate 231a using the first adhesive layer 511 to form the color converter sheet 501 or 601 shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6. After step 3241, methods can proceed with steps 3227 and 3229, as discussed above.

[00185] Aspects of methods of making the color converter sheet 601 illustrated in FIG. 6, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure, will now be discussed with reference to the flow chart in FIG. 32 and example method steps illustrated in FIGS. 37-45.

[00186] Step 3201 can occur as described above. After step 3201, in aspects, as shown in FIG. 43, methods can follow arrow 3204 to proceed to step 3231 comprising disposing a plurality of portions comprising the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c and a plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c. In aspects, as shown, the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c can be disposed between adjacent color filters of the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c. In aspects, as shown, the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c and the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c can be substantially coplanar, for example, comprising the same thickness (e.g., filter thickness 559). In aspects, although not shown, a plurality of LEDs can be within the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c and/or disposed on the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a.

[00187] After step 3231, as shown in FIG. 44, methods can proceed to step 3233 comprising attaching a plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c to the second substrate 231a with the second adhesive layer 603. In aspects, as shown, the second adhesive layer 603 can comprise the second adhesive thickness 609 discussed above with reference to FIG. 6. In aspects, as shown, the fourth contact surface 607 of the second adhesive layer 603 can contact the third surface area 555a, 555b, and/or 555c of the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c. In aspects, as shown, the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c can comprise a reflective material 4401. In further aspects, the reflective material can comprise a metallic material (e.g., silver, aluminum), although other reflective materials can be used. In further aspects, the reflective material 4401 can be patterned into the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c using any method known in the art. In aspects, as shown, the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c can contact and/or be pressed into the third contact surface 605 of the second adhesive layer 603.

[00188] After step 3233, as shown in FIG. 37, methods can proceed to step 3211 comprising attaching the first substrate 211a to the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and/or 571c with a first adhesive layer 511. After step 3211, methods can proceed to step 3215 and through one or more of steps 3217, 3219, 3221, 3223, 3225, 3227, and/or 3229 as discussed above. After step 3211, 3217, or 3227, methods can be complete upon reaching step 3229. In aspects, methods of making a color converter sheet 261a, 261b, 501, and/or 601 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure can proceed along steps 3201, 3231, 3233, 3211, 3215, 3217, 3219, 3221, 3223, 3225, 3227, and 3229 of the flow chart in FIG. 32 sequentially, as discussed above. Any of the options discussed above (including arrows 3202, 3212, 3214, 3216, and/or 3218) may be combined to make a color converter sheet in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.

[00189] Aspects of methods of making the color converter sheet 601 illustrated in FIG. 6, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure, will be discussed with reference to the flow chart in FIG. 32 and example method steps illustrated in FIGS. 38- 48.

[00190] Steps 3201, 3231, and 3233 can proceed as discussed above. After step 3233, as shown in FIG. 45, methods can follow arrow 3206 to proceed to step 3213 comprising attaching a temporary substrate 4501 to second substrate 231a by using a temporary adhesive layer 4511 contacting the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c and a sixth contact surface 4507 of the temporary substrate 4501. In aspects, the temporary adhesive layer 4511 can comprise a temporary adhesive thickness 4519 defined between a fifth contact surface 4515 and sixth contact surface 4517 opposite the fifth contact surface 4515 can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the first adhesive layer 511. In aspects, the temporary substrate 4501 can comprise a polymer-based material, for example, fluorine-containing polymers and/or elastomers.

[00191] After step 3213, methods can proceed along steps 3215, 3217, 3219, 3221, 3223, and 3225, as discussed above with the temporary substrate 4501 in place of the first substrate 211a to produce the article shown in FIG. 46. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 46, a temporary gap 4603a, 4603b, and/or 4603c can be formed between the temporary adhesive layer 4511 and the plurality of photo luminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c, for example, formed by shrinkage that occurs as a result of curing the plurality of inks to form the plurality of photoluminescent materials. After step 3225, as shown in FIG. 47, methods can proceed to step 3237 comprising removing the temporary substrate 4501. In aspects, as shown, step 3237 can further comprise removing the temporary adhesive layer 4511.

[00192] After step 3237, as shown in FIG. 48, methods can proceed to step 3239 comprising dislodging the plurality of photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c. In aspects, as shown, dislodging the plurality photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c can form the first gap 543a, 543b, and/or 543c between the color filter 553a, 553b, and/or 553c of a plurality of color filters and a corresponding photoluminescent material 533a, 533b, and/or 553c, as discussed above. In aspects, disclosing the plurality of dislodging the plurality photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c can comprise applying suction (e.g., a vacuum) to the first surface areas 535a, 535b, and/or 535c of the plurality of photoluminescent materials and/or applying a stream a gas at an interface between the second surface areas 537a, 537b, and/or 537c and the third contact surface 605 of the second adhesive layer 603. As discussed above, providing the plurality of first gaps can increase an efficiency (e.g., luminance, conversion efficiency, extraction efficiency) of the color converter sheet and/or increase a directionality (e.g., local dimming index, image clarity) of an image viewed from a display comprising the color converter sheet.

[00193] After step 3237 or 3239, methods can proceed to step 3241 comprising disposing the first substrate 211a over the plurality of walls 571a, 571b, and 571c and/or the second substrate 231a. In aspects, depositing the first substrate 211a can comprise attaching the first substrate 211a to the second substrate 231a using the first adhesive layer 511 to form the color converter sheet 501 or 601 shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6. After step 3241, methods can proceed with steps 3227 and 3229, as discussed above.

[00194] In aspects, methods of making a color converter sheet 261a, 261b, 501, and/or 601 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure can proceed along steps 3201, 3231, 3233, 3213, 3215, 3217, 3219, 3221, 3223, 3225, 3237, 3239, 3241, 3227, and 3229 of the flow chart in FIG. 32 sequentially, as discussed above. In aspects, methods can follow arrow 3220 from step 3237 to step 3241, for example, if the plurality of photoluminescent materials is not to be dislodged in step 3239. Any of the options discussed above (including arrow 3202) may be combined to make a color converter sheet in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.

[00195] Aspects of methods of making the color converter sheet 601 illustrated in FIG. 6, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure, will be discussed with reference to the flow chart in FIG. 32 and example method steps illustrated in FIGS. 38- 42 and 49-54.

[00196] Step 3201 can occur as described above. After step 3201, in aspects, as shown in FIGS. 49-51, methods can follow arrow 3222 to proceed to step 3243 comprising wrapping a wire around a spindle 4903 to form a plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105k extending across the spindle 4903 (e.g., in a width direction 5002 of the spindle 4903). In aspects, as shown in FIGS. 49-51, the spindle can comprise a peripheral portion 4909. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 49, the spindle 4903 can be part of a spindle apparatus 4901. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 49, the spindle 4903 can comprise a first outer surface area 4905 comprising portions that can extend along a first plane 4904a. In further aspects, the spindle 4903 can comprise a first recess 4911 defined between a first central surface area 4915 and the first plane 4904a. In even further aspects, the spindle 4903 can comprise a second outer surface area 4907 opposite the first outer surface area 4905. The second outer surface area 4907 can comprise portions extending along a second plane 4904b. In even further aspects, the spindle 4903 can comprise a second recess 4913 defined between a second central surface area 4917 and the second plane 4904b. Providing a second recess opposite the first recess can enable multiple (e.g., 2) color converter sheets to be manufactured substantially simultaneously using the same spindle (e.g., spindle apparatus) and the same plurality of substantially parallel traces, which increases efficiency both in terms of time and space requirements as well as in terms of material costs.

[00197] In aspects, as shown in FIG. 50, the spindle 4903 can comprise a plurality of grooves 5003a-5003k extending across the first outer surface area 4905 (e.g., from the peripheral portion 4909 to the first central surface area 4915 and/or the first recess 4911) (e.g., in a width direction 5002 of the spindle 4903). In further aspects, the plurality of grooves 5003a-5003k can be configured to receive the wire and position the wire as a plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105k. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 51, the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105k can extend across the first outer surface area 4905 and over the first central surface area 4915 and/or the first recess 4911 (e.g., in a width direction 5002 of the spindle 4903). In further aspects, as shown, the wire (e.g., the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105k) further extends around along the peripheral portion 4909 of the spindle 4903.

[00198] In further aspects, as shown, the wire and the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105k can comprise a wire width 5119 (e.g., in a length direction 5004 of the spindle 4903 perpendicular to the width direction 5003). In even further aspects, the wire width 5119 can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the width 585 of a wall. In further aspects, the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105k (and/or the plurality grooves) can repeat with a period 5109 (e.g., in a length direction 5004 of the spindle 4903). that can be within one or more ranges discussed above for the width 587 of a sub-pixel. In further aspects, as shown in FIGS. 50-51, a spacing 5009 between an adjacent pair of the plurality of grooves 5003a-5003k and/or a spacing between an adjacent pair of the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105k (e.g., in a length direction 5004 of the spindle 4903). can be less than the period 5109 but still within one or ranges discussed above for the width 587 of a sub-pixel. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 52, a thickness 5209 of a trace of the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105k (e.g., in a thickness direction 4902 of the spindle 4903 perpendicular to the width direction 5002 and/or the length direction 5004) can be about 10 pm or more, about 30 pm or more, about 50 pm or more, about 80 pm or more, about 1 mm or less, about 200 pm or less, about 150 pm or less, or about 100 pm or less. In aspects, the thickness 5209 of a trace of the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105k can be in a range from about 10 pm to about 1 mm, from about 30 pm to about 200 pm, from about 50 pm to about 150 pm, from about 80 pm to about 100 pm, or any range or subrange therebetween. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 52, the wire and/or a trace of the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a- 5105k can comprise a cross-sectional profile comprising substantially straight sides (e.g., rectilinear, rectangular), although curvilinear and/or rounded profiles are possible in other aspects. In further aspects, wrapping the wire to form the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105k can comprise making the wire (i.e., trace) taught before proceeding with another wrap (i.e., subsequent trace). Providing a taught wire (e.g., plurality of traces) can reduce material costs and provide traces (e.g., walls) in substantial registration with the absorptive material between adjacent pairs of color filters.

[00199] After step 3243, as shown in FIG. 52, methods can proceed to step 3245 comprising placing the second substrate 231a in the first recess 4911. In aspects, as shown, the second substrate 231a can be positioned between the first central surface area 4915 of the spindle 4093 and the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105d. In further aspects, as shown, the plurality of color filters 553a-553c can be disposed on and/or contact the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a. In even further aspects, as shown, the plurality of color filters 553a-553c can be positioned between the second substrate 231a (e.g., third major surface 235a) and the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105d. In even further aspects, as shown, the absorptive material 581a-581c can be positioned between adjacent pairs of the plurality of color filters 553a- 553c. In yet further aspects, as shown, the absorptive material 581a-581c can be in substantial registration with the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105d. In even further aspects, a first adhesive layer 5211 can be disposed on the plurality of color filters 553a-553c and/or the second substrate 231a. In yet further aspects, the first adhesive layer 5211 can comprise a second contact surface 5217 contacting the plurality of color filters 553a-553c and/or the absorptive material 581a-581c. In even further aspects, as shown, the first adhesive layer 5211 can comprise a first adhesive thickness 5219 between the first contact surface 5215 and the second contact surface 5217 that can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the second adhesive thickness 609. In even further aspects, as shown, the first adhesive layer 5211 can be positioned between the plurality of color filters 553a-553c and the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105d. In aspects, although not shown, a plurality of LEDs can be within the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c and/or disposed on the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a. Although not shown, it is to be understood that step 3245 can also comprise placing another substrate (e.g., second glass substrate with a plurality of color filters and absorptive material) and another adhesive layer within the second recess such that the another adhesive layer is positioned between the another substrate and the plurality of substantially parallel traces.

[00200] After step 3245, as shown in FIG. 53, methods can proceed to step 3247 comprising placing the first substrate 211a on the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105d. In aspects, as shown, the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105d can be positioned between the first substrate 211a and the second substrate 231a. In further aspects, as shown, the dichroic mirror 631 can be disposed on and/or contact second major surface 217a of the first substrate 211a. In even further aspects, as shown, the dichroic mirror 631 can be positioned between the first substrate 211a and the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105d. In further aspects, as shown, a second adhesive layer 5311 can be disposed on and/or contact the first substrate 211a (e.g., second major surface 217a) and/or the dichroic mirror 631 (e.g., eighth surface area 635). In even further aspects, as shown, the second adhesive layer 5311 can comprise a second adhesive thickness 5319 between the third contact surface 5315 and the fourth contact surface 5317 that can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the first adhesive thickness 519. In even further aspects, as shown, the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105d can be positioned between the first adhesive layer 5211 and the another second adhesive layer 5311. In even further aspects, as shown, the second adhesive layer 5311 can be positioned between the first substrate 211a and the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105d and/or the dichroic mirror 631 and the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105d. Although not shown, it is to be understood that step 3245 can also comprise placing another first substrate (e.g., first glass substrate with a dichroic mirror disposed thereon) and another second adhesive layer on plurality of substantially parallel traces such that (i) the another second adhesive layer is positioned between the another substrate and the plurality of substantially parallel traces and (ii) the plurality of substantially parallel traces is positioned between the another first adhesive layer and the another second adhesive layer.

[00201] After step 3247, as shown in FIG. 53, methods can proceed to step 3249 comprising curing the first adhesive layer 5211 and the second adhesive layer 5311. In aspects, as shown, step 3245 can comprise applying pressure (as indicated by arrow 5305 on the first substrate 211a to ensure that the second adhesive layer 5311 is in contact with the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a-5105d and that the first adhesive layer 5211 is in contact with the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5105a- 5105d. In further aspects, the pressure can be applied before and/or during the curing the first adhesive layer 5211 and the second adhesive layer 5311. In aspects, the curing can comprise irradiating the first adhesive layer 5211 and/or the second adhesive layer 5311 with light 5303 emitted from a light source 5301. In further aspects, the light 5303 can comprise ultraviolet radiation and/or a wavelength that the first adhesive layer 5211 and/or the second adhesive layer 5311 is sensitive to. In aspects, although not shown, the curing can comprise waiting a predetermined period of time (e.g., from about 1 hour to about 24 hours, from about 4 hours to about 8 hours) and/or heating the first adhesive layer 5211 and/or the second adhesive layer 5311. Although not shown, it is to be understood that step 3249 can also comprise curing the another first adhesive and the another second adhesive layer.

[00202] After step 3249, as shown in FIG. 54, methods can proceed to step 3251 comprising trimming the wire such that the plurality of substantially parallel traces (e.g., trace 5105a) extend substantially within a space between the first substrate 211a and the second substrate 231 as the plurality of walls (e.g., wall 571a). In aspects, as shown, the trace 5105a (e.g., wire) can be trimmed at the location 5404a or 5404b while the other side of the trace is shown as already trimmed. In even further aspects, as shown, the trimming can comprise using a pair of scissors 5401 (e.g., wire cutters), although other means such as using a blade or a laser can be used to trim the trace (e.g., wire). As shown in FIG. 54, methods can be used to form a first color converter sheet in the first recess 4911 and a second color converter sheet (e.g., similar to or identical to the first color converter sheet) in the second recess using the same plurality of substantially parallel traces. For example, step 3251, as shown, can comprise trimming the plurality of substantially parallel traces (e.g., trace 5105a) at the first outer surface area 4905 for the first color converter sheet (e.g., first substrate 211a, second substrate 231a) as well as at the second outer surface area 4907 for the second color converter sheet. At the end of step 3247, as shown in FIG. 53, a plurality of capillaries 3907a, 3097b, and 3907c are defined between the plurality of substantially parallel traces 5015a-5105d corresponding to a plurality of walls 571a-571d, the first adhesive layer 5211 and the second adhesive layer 5311.

[00203] After step 3249, methods can proceed along steps 3215, 3217, 3219, 3221, 3223, 3225, 3227, 3229 as discussed above. In aspects, methods of making a color converter sheet 261a, 261b, and/or 601 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure can proceed along steps 3201, 3243, 3245, 3247, 3249, 3251, 3215, 3217, 3219, 3221, 3223, 3225, 3227, and 3229 of the flow chart in FIG. 32 sequentially, as discussed above. In aspects, methods can follow arrow 3224 from step 3249 to step 3229, for example, if the product is to comprise a plurality of unfilled capillaries (e.g., for use in a subsequent process). Any of the options discussed above (including arrow 3202) may be combined to make a color converter sheet in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. [00204] Aspects of methods of making the color converter sheet 6301 illustrated in FIG. 63, in accordance with aspects of the disclosure, will be discussed with reference to the flow chart in FIG. 55 and example method steps illustrated in FIGS. 56- 63.

[00205] Methods of the disclosure can start at step 5501. In aspects, step 5501 can comprise providing a metal foil and a first ink that can be cured to form a photoluminescent material. In aspects, step 5501 can comprise providing a layer of a photoluminescent material and a source of metal. In aspects, step 5501 can comprise providing a layer of photoluminescent material attached to (e.g., contacting) a metallic layer on a major surface of the photoluminescent material, for example, if arrow 5510 is followed. In aspects, step 5501 can comprise providing a plurality of yams, as discussed below.

[00206] In aspects, a photoluminescent material 533a can be formed on the metallic layer 5611. Indeed, after step 5501, as shown in FIG. 56, methods can proceed to step 5503 comprising disposing a first ink 1801 on a metallic layer 5611. In aspects, the metallic layer 5611 can comprise a metallic thickness 5619 defined between a third major surface 5615 and a fourth major surface 5617 opposite the third major surface 5615. In aspects, the metallic thickness 5619 can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the width 585 of a wall. In aspects, disposing the first ink 1801 can comprise dispensing the first ink 1801 from a container 5601 (e.g., conduit, flexible tube, micropipette, or syringe) to form an ink layer 5603. In aspects, the first ink layer 5603 can be cured (e.g., the first ink 1801 can be cured) to form a sheet of photoluminescent material (e.g., see sheet 5703 of the photoluminescent material 533a shown in FIG. 57) to form a first metallized sheet (e.g., see first metallized sheet 5711 shown in FIG. 57) with the sheet of photoluminescent material comprising a thickness (e.g., layer thickness 5709) substantially corresponding to a width between an adjacent pair of walls in the color converter sheet.

[00207] In aspects, a metallized sheet 5611 can be disposed on the photoluminescent material 533a. Indeed, after step 5501, as shown in FIG. 57, methods can follow arrow 5502 to step 5505 comprising disposing a metallic layer 5611 on a first major surface 5705 of a sheet 5703 of the photoluminescent material 533a to form a first metallized sheet 5711. In aspects, as shown, disposing the metallic layer 5611 can comprise depositing metallic atoms from a gas phase (e.g., as indicated by cloud 5701), for example, sputtering, although other methods (e.g., physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition) can be used in other aspects. In aspects, the metallic layer can comprise depositing (e.g., sputtering) aluminum or silver. In aspects, as shown, the sheet 5703 of the photoluminescent material can comprise a layer thickness 5709 between the first major surface 5705 and the second major surface 5707. In further aspects, the layer thickness 5709 can substantially correspond to a width between an adjacent pair of walls in the color converter sheet. In aspects, the metallic layer 5611 can comprise a thickness (e.g., metallic thickness 5619 shown in FIG. 56) within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the width 585 of a wall. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 57, the first metallized sheet 5711 can comprise a thickness 5719 that can correspond to (e.g., be substantially equal to) the width 587 of a sub-pixel and/or within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the width 587 of a sub-pixel.

[00208] After step 5501, step 5503, or 5505, as shown in FIG. 58, methods can proceed to step 5507 comprising separating the first metallized sheet 5711 into a first set of yams 5803a-5803e. In aspects, at the beginning of step 5507, the first metallized sheet 5711 can comprise a length 5807 that can substantially correspond to a dimension (e.g., width, length) of the color converter sheet as a stripe of the photoluminescent material. In aspects, as shown, the separating can comprise moving the first metallized sheet 5711 in a direction 5805 through a plurality of blades 5811a-5811d, although other methods can be used in other aspects. In further aspects, a yam width 5809 can correspond to a spacing between an adjacent pair of the plurality of blades 5811a-5811d. In aspects, the yam width 5809 can correspond to the photoluminescent thickness 539 and/or be within one or more of the ranges discussed for the photoluminescent thickness 539. In aspects, as shown in FIG 59, a first yam 5803a can comprise the thickness 5719 It is to be understood that steps 5501, 5503, 5505, and/or 5507 can further comprise forming a second metallized sheet comprising a second photoluminescent material (e.g., second photoluminescent material 533b) that can be separated into a second set of yams and/or forming a third metallized sheet comprising a third material (e.g., third material 533c) that can be separated into a third set of yams. [00209] After step 5507, as shown in FIG. 59, methods can proceed to step 5509 comprising loading a first yam 5803a in a first spool 5901. In aspects, as shown, the first spool 5901 can comprise a plurality of grooves 5907 with adjacent pairs of grooves of the plurality of grooves 5907 spaced apart by a spacing distance 5905. In further aspects, the spacing distance 5905 can be substantially equal to twice the thickness 5719 of the first yam 5803a. Providing a spacing distance between adjacent grooves in the first spool and/or between adjacent first yams can position the yams such that they can be easily combined with a plurality of second yams and a plurality of third yams to form a color converter sheet with minimal complexity or complications. In aspects, step 5509 can comprise loading a first set of yams 5803a-5803e in the first spool 5901, which can be done simultaneously, for example, as the first metallized sheet is separated into the first set of yams.

[00210] In aspects, as shown in FIG. 59, a first groove (e.g., containing the first yam 5803a) of the first spool 5901 can be offset from an edge of the first spool 5901 by a first distance 5903. In further aspects, although not shown, a second spool can have a first groove offset by a second distance that is different than the first distance (for the first spool). In even further aspects, a difference between the second distance and the first distance can be substantially equal to the thickness 5719 of the yam (e.g., first yam 5803a-5803e). In even further aspects, although not shown, a third spool can have a first groove offset by a third distance that is different than the first distance and is different than the second distance. In still further aspects, a difference between the second distance and the third distance can be substantially equal to the thickness 5719 of the yam (e.g., first yam 5803a-5803e). In still further aspects, a difference between the third distance and the first distance can be substantially equal to twice the thickness 5719 of the yam (e.g., first yam 5803a-5803e). Providing a difference in offset distances between the first spool, the second spool, and/or the third spool can reduce complexity and/or complications associated with combining the yams on the different spools together.

[00211] In aspects, step 5509 can further comprise loading a second set of yams (e.g., second yam 6003a shown in FIG. 60) formed from a second metallized sheet comprising the second photoluminescent material (e.g., second photoluminescent material 533b) on the second spool (e.g., second spool 6007 shown in FIG. 60). In aspects, step 5509 can further comprise loading a third set of yams (e.g., third yam 6005a shown in FIG. 60) formed from a third metallized sheet comprising the third material (e.g., third material 533c) on the third spool (e.g., third spool 6009 shown in FIG. 60). In aspects, the loading the plurality of yams (e.g., first yam) onto a spool can comprise coiling the yam around the spool; however, it is to be understood that the loading the sets of yams (e.g., first yam) can also comprise drawing the yam through the grooves formed on a spool and drawing the sets of yams off the spool for use in a subsequent step (e.g., step 5511).

[00212] After step 5509, as shown in FIGS. 60-61, methods can proceed to step 5511 comprising attaching a plurality of yams (e.g., the first yam 5803a, the second yam 6003a, and the third yam 6005a) together to form a composite sheet 6021. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 60, the first yam 5803a can be drawn from the first spool 5901 as the first spool 5901 rotates in a direction 5902a. In further aspects, as shown, the second yam 6003a can be drawn from the second spool 6007 as the second spool 6007 rotates in a direction 5902b. In further aspects, as shown, the third yam 6005a can be drawn from the third spool 6009 as the third spool 6009 rotates in a direction 5902c. In aspects, as shown in FIG. 60, step 5511 can comprise drawing together the first yam 5803a, the second yam 6003a, and the third yam 6005a with a pair of rollers 6011a and 6011b. In further aspects, as shown, a first roller 6011a of the pair of rollers can be rotating in a first direction 6012a (e.g., counterclockwise in the illustrated orientation) while a second roller 6011b of the pair of rollers rotates in a second direction 6012b (e.g., clockwise in the illustrated orientation) that is opposite the first direction 6012a. Although only a single first yam 5803a, a single second yam 6003a, and a single third yam 6005a are shown in FIG. 60, it is to be understood that step 5511 can encompass drawing together a plurality of first yams, a plurality of second yams, and a plurality of third yams such that the yams are interleaved in a resulting composite sheet.

[00213] In aspects, as shown in FIG. 61, forming the composite sheet 6021 can comprise attaching the first yam 5803a to the second yam 6003a and the second yam 6003a to the third yam 6005a with a plurality of adhesive layers (e.g., first adhesive layer 6121a, 6121b, 6121c, and/or 6121d). In further aspects, as shown, the first yam 5803a can be attached to the second yam 6003a by a second adhesive layer 6121b comprising the first contact surface 6123b contacting the third contact surface 6135b of the second photoluminescent material 533b of the second yam 6003a and a second contact surface 6125a contacting the first surface area 6113a of the metallic layer 6111a of the first yam 5803a. In further aspects, as shown, the second yam 6003a can be attached to the third yam 6005a by a third adhesive layer 6121c comprising the first contact surface 6123c contacting the fifth contact surface 6135c of the third material 533c of the third yam 6005a and the second contact surface 6125b contacting the first surface area 6113b of the metallic layer 6111b of the second yam 6003a. In further aspects, the first adhesive layer 6121a can comprise the first contact surface 6123a contacting the first contact surface 6135a of the first photoluminescent material 533a of the first yam 5803a. In further aspects, as shown, the metallic layer 6111a of the first yam 5803a can be positioned between the first photoluminescent material 533a of the first yam 5803a and the second photoluminescent material 533b of the second yam 6003a. In further aspects, the metallic layer 6111b of the second yam 5803b can be positioned between the second photoluminescent material 533b of the second yam 6003a and the third material 533c of the third yam 6005a. In further aspects, as shown, the first yam 5803a can comprise the second surface area 6137a of the first photoluminescent material 533a contacting the first surface area 6115a of the metallic layer 6111a. In further aspects, as shown, the second yam 6003a can comprise the fourth surface area 6137b of the second photoluminescent material 533b contacting the first surface area 6115b of the metallic layer 6111b. In further aspects, as shown, the third yam 6005a can comprise the sixth surface area 6137c of the third material 533c contacting the first surface area 6115c of the metallic layer 6111c. In aspects, the third adhesive thickness 5829 can be within one or more of the ranges discussed above for the third adhesive thickness (e.g., from about 1 pm to about 10 pm).

[00214] After step 5511, as shown in FIG. 62, methods can proceed to step 5513 comprising disposing the composite sheet 6021 on the second substrate 231a. In aspects, as shown, a plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c can be disposed on the second substrate 231a such that the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c is positioned between the second substrate 231a and the composite sheet 6021. In further aspects, as shown, the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c can be positioned between adjacent pairs of color filters. In further aspects, the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c can be in substantial registration with the plurality of photoluminescent materials 533a, 533b, and/or 533c. In aspects, as shown, the plurality of first spacers 6211a, 6211b, and/or 6211c can be positioned between the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c and the composite sheet 5721. In further aspects, as shown, the plurality of first spacers 6211a, 6211b, and/or 6211c can be in substantial registration with the absorptive material 581a, 581b, and/or 581c and/or the metallic layer 6111a, 6111b, and/or 6111c (e.g., walls). The plurality of first spacers 6211a, 6211b, and/or 6211c can provide the first gap 543a, 543b, and/or 543c comprising the first gap thickness 549. In aspects, although not shown, a plurality of LEDs can be within the plurality of color filters 553a, 553b, and/or 553c and/or disposed on the third major surface 235a of the second substrate 231a.

[00215] After step 5513, as shown in FIG. 63, methods can proceed to step 5515 comprising disposing the first substrate 211a on the composite sheet 6021. In aspects, as shown, step 5515 can further comprise disposing the dichroic mirror 631 on the composite sheet 5021 such that the dichroic mirror 631 can be positioned between the first substrate 211a and the composite sheet 5021. In further aspects, as shown, step 5515 can form the second gap 523a, 523b, and/or 523c comprising the second gap thickness 529 by positioning a plurality of second spacers 6311a, 6311b, and/or 6311c between the dichroic mirror 631 and the composite sheet 6021 and/or between the first substrate 211a and the composite sheet 6021.

[00216] After step 5515, as shown in FIG. 63, methods can proceed to step 5517 comprising applying a sealing layer 6303a and/or 6303b between the first substrate 211a and the second substrate 231a. In aspects, the sealing layer 6303a and/or 6303b can comprise a material comprising low permeability to water and/or oxygen, for example, forming a hermetic seal. The sealing layer 6303a and/or 6303b can comprise any of the properties and/or materials discussed above for the first end cap 4201 and/or the second end cap 4211. After step 5517, methods can proceed to step 5519 comprising assembling the color converter sheet in an electronic device, for example, as part of a LPD (e.g., rollable LPD). [00217] After step 5515 or 5517, methods can be complete upon reaching step 5519. In aspects, method of making a color converter sheet 261a, 261, and/or 6301 in accordance with aspects of the disclosure can proceed along steps 5501, 5503, 5507, 5509, 5511, 5513, 5515, 5517, 5519, and 5521 of the flow chart in FIG. 55 sequentially, as discussed above. In aspects, arrow 5502 can be followed from step 5501 to step 5505, for example, wherein the photoluminescent material is to be formed on a metallic layer rather than the reverse. In aspects, arrow 5510 can be followed from step 5501 to step 5507, for example, if a metallized sheet is provided in step 5501. In aspects, arrow 5504 can be followed from step 5501 to step 5511, for example, if the plurality of yams is provided in step 5501. In aspects, arrow 5506 can be followed from step 5511 to step 5521, for example, if the method produces a plurality of yams to be used in subsequent processing. In aspects, arrow 5508 can be followed from step 5517 to step 5521, for example, if the method is complete at the end of step 5517 (e.g., when the product of the method is the color converter sheet). Any of the above options may be combined to make a color converter sheet in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.

[00218] The above observations can be combined to provide a rollable laser phosphor display and methods of forming a rollable laser phosphor display. Providing a rollable laser phosphor display can enable a rolled rollable laser phosphor display to be contained in a relatively small package relative to its unrolled (e.g., planar) configuration. For example, a rollable laser phosphor display can be beneficial for storage and/or transportation of the rollable laser phosphor display, which can enable larger laser phosphor display viewing areas to be sold directly to consumers. Providing an interlocking mechanism can enable the rollable laser phosphor display to be secured in an unrolled (e.g., planar) configuration for viewing.

[00219] The rollable laser phosphor display can comprise a plurality of elongated sections, which enable the rollable laser phosphor display to be rolled. Providing a cover substrate extending across the plurality of elongated sections can provide a smooth (e.g., planar) surface for avoiding optical distortions while viewing the rollable laser phosphor display. Providing the cover substrate and/or a substrate of a color converter sheet of an elongated comprising a glass-based substrate or a ceramic-based substrate can provide good dimensional stability, reduced incidence of mechanical instabilities, good impact resistance, and/or good puncture resistance.

[00220] An elongated section of the plurality of elongated sections can be a self-contained laser phosphor display comprising a color converter sheet and a plurality of light sources configured to scan the color converter sheet. Providing a plurality of elongated sections comprising a color converter sheet and at least one light source in a spaced relationship can enable straightforward assembly (e.g., unrolling and/or interlocking the plurality of the elongated sections), for example, by the consumer without requiring special assembly or professional installation. Providing a plurality of light sources in an elongated section where each light source is configured to scan a nonoverlapping target scan area can reduce a depth of the elongated section and the rollable elongated section, which reduces an area required to place, store, and/or transport the rollable laser phosphor display.

[00221] Color converter sheets (e.g., in a rollable laser phosphor display, in an LED device) can comprise one or more gaps (e.g., air gaps, evacuated space) at a surface of a photoluminescent phosphor or a quantum dot layer, which can increase an efficiency (e.g., luminance, conversion efficiency, extraction efficiency) of the color converter sheet and/or increase a directionality (e.g., local dimming index, image clarity, perceived brightness) of an image viewed from a display comprising the color converter sheet. Providing a material capable of undergoing sublimation can be used to form the one or more gaps by acting as a spacer during methods of making the color converter sheet, where the material can be removed by sublimation later in the methods. Providing one or more adhesive layers (e.g., optically clear adhesive) can enable the color converter sheet to be manufactured from separated fabricated substrates and walls. Providing walls comprising reflective material between pixel and/or sub-pixels of a color converter sheet can increase an efficiency (e.g., luminance, extraction efficiency) of the color converter sheet and/or provide isolation of the light in one sub-pixel from adjacent sub-pixels. Providing a material comprising a polymer and a metallic component that can be cured such that the polymer is surrounded by a metal layer can simplify fabrication of the reflective walls. Providing the dichroic mirror can reduce spurious emissions from the color converter sheet, and/or increase an efficiency of (e.g., brightness emitted from) the color converter sheet.

[00222] Methods of forming a sheet (e.g., color converter sheet) can comprise sequentially exposing sections of a substrate to enable efficient deposition of components. For example, a planar device can be formed by sequentially exposing sections of a substrate, where a different component is disposed in each section. Sequentially exposing sections of a substrate can eliminate wasted material of a component, for example, by reducing the material disposed relative to an amount of material in the final product. Further, physically separated sections of a substrate can be exposed at the same time, where each exposed section is to have the same components disposed on thereon can simplify and/or streamline manufacturing. For example, in methods of making a color converter sheet, sections corresponding to red sub-pixels can be exposed at the same time followed by exposing sections corresponding to green subpixels and/or then exposing a section corresponding to blue sub-pixels. Moreover, deposition methods can be simplified for each exposed section, for example, enabling using of a doctor blade (e.g., squeegee) rather than more complex, time-intensive, and/or labor-intensive deposition methods. Also, using a negative photoresist in manufacturing reflective walls in a component of a display device (e.g., color converter sheet) can simplify manufacturing by taking advantage of an existing absorptive material disposed on a substrate to pattern and align spaces for the reflective walls.

[00223] Methods of forming a color converter sheet can comprise drawing material into one or more capillaries (e.g., applying a vacuum to suction material from an ink bath). Providing a plurality of capillaries with both ends exposed can enable multiple capillaries to be filled with material simultaneously. While a set of capillaries is exposed and filled, another set of capillaries can be capped (e.g., sealed) at one end to prevent those capillaries from being filled. Sequentially rotating which capillaries are open at both ends versus capped (e.g., at least one end) can enable multiple materials to be loaded into a corresponding set of capillaries. For example with a color converter sheet, capillaries corresponding to red sub-pixels can be filled by applying a vacuum while capillaries corresponding to blue sub-pixels and green sub-pixels are capped at one end. The capillaries can be formed by attaching a plurality of walls to a first substrate and a second substrate (e.g., using one or more optically clear adhesive(s)). Filling a plurality of capillaries extending a length or width of the color converter sheet can result in a stripe pattern color converter sheet with reduced processing complexity. Filling the plurality of capillaries using a vacuum can reduce processing time, for example, with three vacuum steps to fill all the capillaries.

[00224] Methods of forming a color converter sheet can generate a plurality of capillaries by wrapping a wire around a spindle. Providing a spindle with a second recess opposite the first recess can enable multiple (e.g., 2) color converter sheets to be manufactured substantially simultaneously using the same spindle (e.g., spindle apparatus) and the same plurality of substantially parallel traces, which increases efficiency both in terms of time and space requirements as well as in terms of material costs. Providing a taught wire (e.g., plurality of traces) can reduce material costs and provide traces (e.g., walls) in substantial registration with the absorptive material between adjacent pairs of color filters.

[00225] Methods of forming a color converter sheet can comprise attaching a plurality of yams comprising a photoluminescent material and a metallic layer together. Methods can enable mass production of the yams as a metallized sheet that can be formed and then separated into a set of yams (e.g., plurality of yams). The yams (e.g., set of yams) can be loaded on a spool comprising a plurality of grooves. Providing a spacing distance between adjacent grooves in the first spool and/or between adjacent first yams can position the yams such that they can be easily combined with a second set of second and a third set of yams to form a color converter sheet with minimal complexity or complications. Providing a difference in offset distances between the first spool, the second spool, and/or the third spool can reduce complexity and/or complications associated with combining the yams on the different spools together.

[00226] Directional terms as used herein — for example, up, down, right, left, front, back, top, bottom — are made only with reference to the figures as drawn and are not intended to imply absolute orientation.

[00227] It will be appreciated that the various disclosed aspects may involve features, elements, or steps that are described in connection with that aspect. It will also be appreciated that a feature, element, or step, although described in relation to one aspect, may be interchanged or combined with alternate aspects in various nonillustrated combinations or permutations.

[00228] It is also to be understood that, as used herein the terms “the,” “a,” or “an,” mean “at least one,” and should not be limited to “only one” unless explicitly indicated to the contrary. For example, reference to “a component” comprises aspects having two or more such components unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Likewise, a “plurality” is intended to denote “more than one.”

[00229] As used herein, the term “about” means that amounts, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are not and need not be exact but may be approximate and/or larger or smaller, as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding off, measurement error and the like, and other factors known to those of skill in the art. Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, aspects include from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. Whether or not a numerical value or endpoint of a range in the specification recites “about,” the numerical value or endpoint of a range is intended to include two aspects: one modified by “about,” and one not modified by “about.” It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint and independently of the other endpoint.

[00230] The terms “substantial,” “substantially,” and variations thereof as used herein are intended to note that a described feature is equal or approximately equal to a value or description. For example, a “substantially planar” surface is intended to denote a surface that is planar or approximately planar. Moreover, as defined above, “substantially similar” is intended to denote that two values are equal or approximately equal. In aspects, “substantially similar” may denote values within about 10% of each other, for example, within about 5% of each other, or within about 2% of each other.

[00231] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method claim does not actually recite an order to be followed by its steps or it is not otherwise specifically stated in the claims or descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order, it is no way intended that any particular order be inferred.

[00232] While various features, elements, or steps of particular aspects may be disclosed using the transitional phrase “comprising,” it is to be understood that alternative aspects, including those that may be described using the transitional phrases “consisting of’ or “consisting essentially of,” are implied. Thus, for example, implied alternative aspects to an apparatus that comprises A+B+C include aspects where an apparatus consists of A+B+C and aspects where an apparatus consists essentially of A+B+C. As used herein, the terms “comprising” and “including”, and variations thereof shall be construed as synonymous and open-ended unless otherwise indicated.

[00233] The above aspects, and the features of those aspects, are exemplary and can be provided alone or in any combination with any one or more features of other aspects provided herein without departing from the scope of the disclosure.

[00234] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover the modifications and variations of the aspects herein provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.