A rotary pistonal engine with a smart ball bearingssystem

Technical field:

Rotary pistonal engines can be used to replace reciprocating engines and terminate their presence in both cars, trains, generators, and any machine using reciprocating internal combustion engines. Engines with turbine instead of pistons in these rotary engines can be used in aircraft and ships.

This engine can be used to work with compressed air instead of steam turbines, or as an air compressor or any gas or liquid as needed .

Background art:

This engine is known for the name of ( Russian rotary pistonal engine)

The beginning of the patents introduced in this engine was at the beginning of the twentieth century and the most famous of these patents was the Margado engine in 2006.

Patents increased in this rotary engine in the late 20th century .

[ThereareRussianandAmericanmodelsof thisenginewhich are already appliedjUntil (2012)approx.

I introduced a patent entitled as super power rotary pistonal engine No. (776/2014) on (05/14/2014) in the Egyptian Patent Office.

The disadvantages of the background art:

The majority of models for this engine, especially the Russian are based on the suspension of the two cylinders of pistons on the propeller shaft and during the rotation of the propeller shaft, the curves force the two cylinders of pistons to rotate forward or backward and versa .

There is another system which is based on the installation of 2 crankshafts on the metal block installed in propeller shaft. During rotation, these two shafts rotate by the action of two gears which rotate on the other gear which is installed in the body of the engine and thereby the reciprocating movement occurs and forces two cylinders of pistons to rotate forward or backward and versa. Suspension of two cylinders of pistons on the propeller shaft causes:

1- Incomplete exploit of the power generated by the combustion as it whenever the shaft want to rotate or move, one of two cylinders will hinder it by rotation in backward, leading to slowing the shaft.

2- Disappearance of the flywheel in this engine, which stores the inertial power inside the engine, resulting in a weaker performance of the engine.

3- The high vibration of this engine is due to the vibration of the two cylinders of pistons which are attached to the propeller shaft.

4- The many parts of this engine where there are combustion chamber and beside it mechanical room to generate the mechanical movement of this engine and these mechanical rooms are larger than the combustion chamber.

The error in my previous application number (776/2014) is the existence of arrest disc which allows one of two cylinders of pistons to rotate and then the disc stop it and this is considered as a mechanical fault causing damage to the engine and its break down and waste kinetic energy generated from the combustion power.

Disclosure of invention:

Smart ball bearings System allow the rotary pistohal engine to end the age of regular traditional reciprocating engine of high parts , high manufacturing cost. The new system has better fuel utilization as in aircraft where jet turbines engines have finished the age of reciprocating engines in aircraft .

This application is characterized by:

1- Minimize vibration of rotary pistonal engine during operation .

2- Elimination of the mechanical block or the mechanical chamber adjacent to the combustion chamber, leading to reducing the size and weight of the engine as well as reducing its parts and damages and replacing it with parts of the smart ball bearings system which are similar to parts of the traditional ball bearings systems which are used in machines, electric motors and gearbox in some combustion engines . 3- The rotation of the propeller shaft inside the two cylinders of pistons is smooth and semiindependent, enabling it to take full advantage of the combustion power. As the shaft rotates 720°, the two cylinders of pistons rotate 360° around it.

4- Possibility to set a flywheel to store kinetic energy generated on the propeller shaft producing better performance for engine and release inertia power of engine during operation .

5- Rotation of two cylinders of pistons runs smoothly and flawlessly to the front or to the back and propeller shaft runs smoothly, such as reciprocating pistons, where the rise and down stroke while the crankshaft rotates smoothly inside the connecting rods and rotates inside them continuously so that a permanent escape of one of the two cylinders of pistons from the propeller shaft occur at the dead centers of engine.

We will clarify this idea on a rotary pistonal engine, for example works by (8 pistons).

The explanation of this example is divided into three sections:

Section One : Traditional parts for these rotary engines.

Section Two : Parts related to smart ball bearings system.

Section III : Manner of working of smart ball bearings.

Section 1 : Traditional parts for this type of rotary engine :

These parts need no explanation because they are known and traditional .

[Propeller shaft - Two halves of the cylinder - two cylinders of pistons - Pistons]

Propeller shaft (1):

It is a straight shaft without any non-centric points, with oil transmission holes and oil return duct and oil entry path at the side toward the oil tank and oil pump (18) and the propeller shaft (1) is fixed in the seat of the shaft (3). It is considered as a part of the smart ball bearings system .

Two halves of the cylinder (7):

In this type of engine, the combustion chamber is divided into two halves where it is possible to install the pistons (8), their two cylinders (12) , the propeller shaft (1) and the smart ball bearings system set (2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6) then the closure on all of these parts in the second half of the cylinder (7) and then connect with the screws (16).

In this cylinder (7), there is cold water entry (13) , a hot water exit (14) and a water transfer hole (15) between the two halves of the cylinder.

There is an oil tank and an oil pump (18) in one half of the cylinder where the lubrication cycle of the smart ball bearings system and the pistons occur inside the combustion chamber through the oil entry ducts and the oil exit ducts.

There is a water passage (17) in the two halves of the cylinder to cool the system of smart ball bearings system where cold water enters through a cold water passage (19) and hot water returns from passage (20) to the cooling cycle inside the engine.

Inside the middle of both halves of the cylinder, there is an opening that allows the installation of cam rings (6) of each half of cylinder and fix it firmly in each half of the cylinder (7) and the two cams rings (6) as a part of the smart ball bearings system.

Two cylinders pistons (12):

Are two cylinders connected to each other so that they allow each other to rotate so that the pistons of each cylinder do not collide with each other .

Each cylinder has a large hole that allows the installation of the seat (4) for each cylinder piston as both seats are part of the smart ball bearings system .

Within each cylinder piston (12), there are holes that allow the oil to move from its own seat (4) to the pistons (8) to lubricate the combustion chamber .

The leakage prevention rings are placed between the two cylinders pistons in this type of rotary pistonal engine.

Pistons (8):

Are ordinary pistons but are designed to rotate -a their own circular cylinder rather than their reciprocating motion, as in the straight cylinder of reciprocating engines .

In the center of the pistons, there is a small holes for the oil exit from duct filled with oil to lubricate the combustion chamber. There are also traditional piston (8) like reciprocating engines. One piston is closed on both sides, where it works with its negative and positive face, and this is the difference between it and the traditional piston in the reciprocating engines .

I explained the method of pistons lubrication for the combustion chamber in the previous patent No. (776/2014).

Section Two : Parts related to smart ball bearings system.

Its these parts are specific to that application where the smart ball bearings system is divided into two types:

[Single ball bearings] & [Double ball bearings].

[Single ball bearings]:

Where one ball bearing (2) moves in each arch of ducts arches (21) in seat of the shaft (3) where the ducts (21) resemble the consecutive opposing arches and their number is 8 arches in the engine with 8 pistons.

[Double -ball bearings]:

Where two ball bearings (2) moves in each arch of ducts arches (21) in seat of the shaft (3) where the ducts (21) resemble the arches and their number is 8 arches in the engine with 8 pistons, so the performance of the system becomes smoother and interlock stronger in the type of large or super-powerful engines such as cars engines.

The new parts are:

[Ball bearings (2) - balls assembly seat (5) - The balls assembly seat with slices (27) - Seat of the shaft (3) - Two seats of two cylinders of pistons (4) -Two rings of cams (6)].

Seats (3,4) and two rings (6) have landmarks which used during installation of them in the engine. These landmarks are responsible for timing of the c igine combustion cycle.

Ball bearings (2):

Smart ball bearings are as traditional ball bearings but relatively larger and act in a certain way to induce the special mechanical movement of this type of rotary pistonal engine.

In this example, the number of pistons is 8 as the same number of ball bearings in the case of single ball bearings while the number of ball bearings is 16 in the case of double ball bearings type and can be increased or decreased as long as this system principles is not changed.

In this example (8 pistons engine), the number of ball bearings must accept division by [4] and this is because the relay angle of power strokes is 90° and if the angle increased to 180 ^° (i.e. 4 pistons in the engine) it must be accepted division by [2] and if the angle decreases to 60°or 45° (i.e. increases the blades to 12 or 16 blades), then the number of ball bearings must accept division by [3 or 4].

The single ball bearing in this example is relatively large and its size is proportional to the size of the main engine parts [propeller shaft (1) and piston (8)] .

The size of a ball bearing is inversely proportional to the number of balls (i.e. the greater the number, the less size andversa).

Balls assembly seat (5): [Single ball bearings]

It is a thick pipe where the inner diameter allows entrance of shaft seat (3) and the outer diameter allows entering in the two seats of two cylinders of pistons (4) so it will be able to rotate in the seat of the shaft (3). The two seats of two cylinders of pistons (4) are able to rotate a forward or backward on opposite each other to produce the mechanical movement of this engine and always assembly seat (5) is linked to two seats of two cylinders of pistons (4) and not rotate within it continuously makes it change of its presence point inside the two seats of the two cylinders (4).

The ball bearings assembly seat moves horizontally to the left and right along the propeller shaft (1) within the seat of the shaft (3) and two seats of two cylinders of pistons (4).

The balls assembly seat (5) has 8 openings (24) of ball bearings as it is considered the seat for ball bearings in the seat and these openings (24) allow ball bearings (2) to produce reciprocating motion up and down and rotation around itself.

These openings (24) are consecutive so that each opening on the right of the seat (5) followed by an opening on the left of the seat (5) a little and so on. The ball assembly seat (5) is thick so that the balls (2) can move by reciprocating motion vertically up and down. The openings (24) have a slight clearance that allows the balls (2) to move inside it and rotate around itself.

When we look at the side edges of the assembly seat (5), each edge has 4 consecutive cams so that there are 4 cams in one of the two edges precede the other 4 corresponding cams in the other edge .

These cams are arches surround the openings (24) of the ball bearings, i.e. the same of these openings (24).

This seat is made of steel that do not expand by heat as well as these cams are very smooth to slip on cams (23) which present in the two rings of cams (6).

Balls assembly seat (5) with slices (27) : [Double ball bearings]

Balls assembly seat (5) with a double ball bearings is as that single ball bearings in total, where it is a pipe in the same design also and has openings (24) for ball bearings, but this pipe is made up of 8 slices (in the case of the engine with 8 pistons) stacked next to each other to complete the pipe form while these slices (27) are designed and stacked so that precedes each slice that followed from both sides of the pipe so that it becomes a zigzag shape and thus match the shape of cams (23) opposite to the two rings of two cams (6) when you install them in two halves of the cylinder (7) of the engine.

In each end of the slice (27), there is an opening (24) for balls bearings (2) and the two ends of the slice (27) are curved to facilitate its sliding on the cams (23) thus, the slice (27) has 2 openings (24) for ball bearings (2).

The slice (27) has a lubrication opening (28) that allows the oil to pass through the smart ball bearings system.

The slices (27) are designed so that they rotate and moves right and left by sliding on cams (23) during rotation of propeller shaft (1).

Also ball bearings (2) move up and down in their openings (24) tightly during rotation.

A smooth screw protrudes along the slice from one of the two edges of slice (27), so that it enters in its custom duct in the other slice which follows it during assembling the balls assembly seat with slices (27), while at the other edge there is another duct for the other screw on the other slice which precedes it and so on.

Seat of the shaft (3): [Single ball bearings]

Is a thick pipe. Its length is equal to the length of two seats of the two cylinders pistons (4) and the inner diameter allow the entrance of propeller shaft (1) tightly preventing it from rotation around the shaft while the outer diameter allows the balls assembly seat (5) to enter and rotate around it, because of a simple clearance.

The ball bearings slide on ducts (21). The design of these ducts is as the following:

8 arches divided into 4 arches towards the right of the seat (3) and 4 other arches in the left, where the top of each arch corresponding to the top of the other arch while the base of 8 arches is shared and same with the each other.

The top of the arches is less deep than the base of the arches where the base is the deepest point in the seat of the shaft (3) where it can contain more than 35% of the ball bearing (2).

Design of the seat of the shaft (3) shown in Figure (2) appears to be 4 consecutive arches opposed by 4 consecutive arches and there are 4 consecutive metal blocks mediating these arches. Each block has oval shape so that the two peaks of the oval block correspond to the two peaks of corresponding arches and so on .

Based on this design for the seat of the shaft (3), the one ball of bearing (2) goes this way as it goes from the base of the arches to reach the top of the arch and gradually rise and then return back to the base of the arches are gradually decreasing and then go to the top of the arch that follows it and rising gradually and so on .

The two inclination angles of the ducts (21), whether the horizontal or the vertical, are an obtuse angle and approximately equal. There are lubrication openings ( 25 ) in the seat of the shaft (3) allow the oil to move from the oil transfer openings in the propeller shaft (1) to cause the lubrication cycle in the engine.

Number of oil openings (25) in the seat of the shaft (3) are 4 openings which is the same as the number of oil transfer openings in the propeller shaft.

Half of these openings allow oil to enter the smart ball bearings system while the other half allows the return of excess oil .

Seat of the shaft (3): [double ball bearings]

Seat of the shaft (3) in both types [Single or double ball bearings] are very identical in the design and overall shape by very large percentage, while the difference is in the form of ducts (21), where the arches are like successive arches, which are also opposed by arches behind each other and successive, so that these arches appear to be overlapping in the form of zigzag, which are two strips of adjacent ducts (21).

These arches also in a mid of seat of the shaft (3) are deeper while they are less deep in two ends of seat of the shaft (3).

There are also oil openings (25) that work and play the same role as the first type.

Two seats of two cylinders of pistons (4): [Single ball bearings]

There is a seat for each cylinder pistons (12). This seat is a thick pipe. Its length is too short which allow the ball bearings (2) to make horizontal reciprocating movement from right to left or versa by small amount, and also reciprocating movement up and down at certain inclination angle.

The inner diameter of the seat allows balls assembly seat (5) to rotate inside it where there is a simple clearance that allows the rotation forward or backward and also allow the seat (5) to make horizontal reciprocating movement from right to left or versa.

Thediameter from the outside allowsinstallationinone of two cylinders pistons (12) tightly to prevent the rotation of them inside it.

Each seat of cylinder pistons (4) has 4 ducts (22). It is the same as the number of ball bearings (2)that present in this side where the ball bearings (2) move their horizontal vertical reciprocating movement with the same inclination angle of ducts (22).

The ducts ( 22 ) is designed to be less deep in contact side of both seats of cylinder pistons (4) where the deepest point in the ducts (21) of the seat of the shaft (3) while being more deep in the side of the two rings of cams (6) where the top of the arches of the ducts (21) of the seat of the shaft (3) with a little depth.

Ducts ( 22 ) are designed at inclination angle which is acute angle that differs from the inclination angle of the ducts (21) of the seat of the shaft (3) .

There isan inverse relationship between the angle of inclination of ducts (22) and the thickness of the piston, the more thickness , the angle becomes more acute so that the engine could complete its rotation as it had equal inclination angle of ducts (21) of seat (3) with ducts (22) for a seat (4). This makes it is impossible to put th^ pistons or blades as it eliminates space in the combustion chamber which allows it during the creation of the special motor cycle with this type of rotary engine.

There are openings (26) of oil where the oil comes out of them to enter into the cylinder pistons (12) to lubricate both sides of the cylinder (7) and both sides of the cylinder pistons (12) and also the amount of oil enter to the pistons (8) to allow the pistons (8) to lubricate the combustion chamber through small openings as in the reciprocating engines.

Two seats of two cylinders of pistons (4): [double ball bearings]

The two Seats of two cylinders pistons (4) in both types [Single or double ball bearings] are fully similar and identical but the two seats of two cylinders pistons (4) [double ball bearings] increased number of ducts (22) to be the double of the ducts of the first type.

This is because each ordinary duct (22) is followed by another duct, opposite to its inclination angle with same amount. It is also deep in contact side with the two rings of cams (6) and less deep in contact side with the seat of other two cylinders pistons (4) where the mid of the seat of the shaft (3). So ducts (22) affected by all ducts arches (21) for seat of the shaft (3) (in double ball bearings).

There are also oil openings (26) that play the same role as the first type.

Two rings of Cams (6):

The ring is a small pipe. Its inner and outer diameter are equal to the diameter of the balls assembly seat (5) or the assembly seat with the slices (27) from inside and outside as well .

One of the edge of this ring (6) is straight while the other edge has 4 cams (23) on it at equal distances in the case of the 8 pistons engine while in the case of the 4 pistons engine the ting (6) contain two cams (23) while in the case of engine with 12 or 16 blades will be there 6 or 8 cams (23) on one ring (6) where number of cams (23) intwo rings (6) is equal to the number of pistons. Cams (23) are designed to allow sliding of the balls assembly seat (5) or the slices (27) on it which used in the type of double ball bearings smoothly so that going on these cams (23) opposite in two rings of cams (6) to induce horizontal reciprocating movement right and left for balls assembly seat (5) or the slices (27).

The straight edge of one of the two rings of cams (6) is the base of the cam ring (6) in its seat in the half of the cylinder (7) when it is firmly fixed preventing it from rotating in its seat while the other edge on which the cams (23) is corresponding to the other edge which is fixed to other half of cylinder (7) in a particular position.

Seat of cams ring (6) in half of the cylinder (7) has land marks where the ring (6) fixed very tightly preventing it from rotation and the cams ring (6) location differs according to the type used.

When it used in type [Single ball bearings], the two rings of cams (6) are placed in the two halves of the cylinder (7) so that the top of the cams (23) is completely corresponding and fully equal.

While when used in the type [double ball bearings], the two rings of cams (6) are placed in the two halves of the cylinder (7) so that the top of th.“ cams (23) in one of the rings (6) precedes the other one present in the corresponding cams ring (6). So that the top of the cams (23) will correspond the deepest points in the cavities between cams (23) present in the ring corresponding to first one.

The cams (23) is designed that its top is straight and there are equal distances between successive cams to allow the ball assembly seat (5) or the slices (27) to move on it certain distance without occurrence of horizontal reciprocal motion of the seat (5) or the slices (27) to make propeller shaft (1) and pistons (8) rotate together at the same time at the area of dead centers.

This certain distance increases or decreases according to the design of combustion chamber where suction ports (10), exhaust ports (11) and spark plug (9) (four cycle strokes).

Method of installing smart ball bearings system :

The smart ball bearings system is installed in the engine in two ways :

First : Installation of all parts of the entire system [Two rings of cams (6) - Two seats of two cylinders of pistons (4) - Balls assembly seat (5) or the assembly seat with the slices (27) - Ball bearings (2) - Seat of the shaft (3)] with the essential parts of this engine at the same time and these parts are [two halves of cylinder (7) - Two cylinders pistons (12) - Pistons (8) - Propeller shaft (1)] Together at the same time .

Second : The main parts of the smart ball bearings system are: [Seat of the shaft (3) - Ball bearings (2) - Ball bearings assembly seat (5) or the assembly seat with the slices (27) - Two seats of two cylinders pistons (4)] is already installed at the manufacturing and is completely closed and cannot be separated from any of these parts as in the normal ball bearings that used in machines and electric motors .

While the two rings of cams (6) are installed independently in the two halves of the cylinder (7) with extreme tightness preventing them from rotation or melting in the half cylinder (7).

After that, the normal engine parts of the rotary pistonal engine are installed .

The methods of installation of the main parts of the smart ball bearings system are similar, where we start from the bottom to up meaning that :

The balls assembly seat (5) or its slices (27) are installed in the seat of propeller shaft (3) then put the ball bearings (2) in the opening (24) in seat (5) or slices (27) and then closing all of this by two seats of two cylinders pistons (4) so that the ball bearings or the rest of the parts of the two seats of two cylinders pistons (4) don't exit. This is done during manufacturing and therefore the main parts are closed by the manufacturing method used in the manufacture of the traditional smart ball bearings used in the machines.

Section 3 : How the smart ball bearings system works :

Before we talk about how the smart ball bearings system work, we have to talk about how this engine works mechanically:

In order for the quadrilateral combustion cycle to occur for this rotary pistonal engine, the mechanical movement of the engine must occur .

This movement is based on the rotation of half the number of pistons forward while other half of the number of pistons rotate back to complete their stroke at the dead centers and at the start of the new stroke, the reverse occurs where the first pistons rotate backward and the other forward and thus keep the cycle is renewed at the dead centers where new strokes .

It seems to those who look at this rotary engine during the rotation that half the number of pistons stopped and the other half rotates and then the opposite occurs at the dead centers of the engine .

The smart ball bearings system induce the mechanical movement of this type of rotary pistonal engine in a non-traditional way specially that used in previous applications ( the Russian model of this engine).

Smart ball bearings system that allows propeller shaft (1) to rotate 360° inside two cylinders pistons (12) independently and change from its presence point inside it so that when the propeller shaft (1) rotate 720°, two cylinders pistons (12) rotate 360° Only. i.e. half the number of rotation cycles of propeller shaft (1).

The direction of rotation of two cylinders pistons (12) is changed every 90° of rotation of the propeller shaft (1) where one of them forward and other to backward the reverse occurs every 90° of rotation .

This stroke, which is equivalent to 90° in this rotary pistonal engine with 8 pistons divided by half after the deletion of the intensity of the pistons (8) that present on two cylinders pistons (12) so that one of the two cylinders (12) rotates almost 40° in forwards and other rotates almost 40° backwards and versa when the direction changes .

The two cylinders pistons (12) rotate with the propeller shaft (1) almost 10° at every 90° to allow the four strokes to be renewed inside the combustion chamber according to type of working of this type of rotary pistonal engines.

This is due to the design of parts of the smart ball bearings system where the seats (5 , 4 , 3 , 2), the ducts (21 , 22), the cams ring (6) and their cams (23).

The smart ball bearings system enables the propeller shaft (1) to rotate inside the engine, such as any shaft rotates inside any machine in a smooth and independent way, such as the propeller shaft in the electric motor or the crankshaft in the reciprocating engine, so that it can take full advantage of the combustion power generated in the engine and stored inside flywheel on it as it rotates like crankshaft located in traditional engines, which can change its presence point within the connecting rods installed in the piston inside its seat installed in the reciprocating engine.

Thus, the rotation of the propeller shaft (1) is similar to the rotation of the crankshaft in the reciprocating engines and not as in other models, especially the Russian rotary engine.

We will describe how the smart ball bearings system works on rotary pistonal engine with 8 pistons. The direction of rotation of the engine is clockwise.'

How the smart ball bearings system works inside the 8 pistons engine :

For example :

Type I : [Single smart ball bearings]:

When the propeller shaft (1) and the seat of shaft ( 3 ) rotate together, the ball bearings (2) and balls assembly seat (5) rotate with them also.

The balls assembly seat (5) is sliding on the corresponding two rings of cams (6) in both halves of the cylinder (7) where the cams ( 23) force the seat (5) to make the horizontal reciprocating movement from right to left or versa. This movement occurs as a result of the stability of one of the edges of the seat (5) in the cavities between the cams (23) so that the prominent frames surround 4 ball bearings (2) in one of the edges of the seat (5) is stable between these cams (23) while the prominent frame surround other 4 ball bearings (2) located on the other edge of the seat (5) is in contact with 4 cams (23) in the other ring corresponding to the first .

So during rotation, the stable edge of the seat (5) exit from in between cavities confined between the cams (23) to enter the other edge which is in contact with cams (23) on the corresponding side also between the cavities of these cams (23) and thus repeated reciprocating motion from right to left or versa in horizontal way.

This reciprocating performance occurs due to the design of the seat (5) where are 4 ball bearings (2) precedes the other 4 ball bearings (2) in parallel form.

And also the position of the two rings of cams (6) in the two corresponding halves of the cylinder (7) so the top of cams (23) in both rings (6) is corresponding and equal completely.

This horizontal reciprocating movement of the seat (5) causes a horizontal vertical rotary reciprocating motion of the ball bearings (2) because it makes the ball bearings (2) slide in the ducts (21) , (22) in the seat of the shaft (3) and the two seats of two cylinders pistons (4).

Ducts (21) in the seat of the shaft (3) are designed in the form of 4 consecutive arches corresponded by other 4 consecutive arches which are deep from the middle of the seat of the shaft (3) and less deep than the two ends and the inclination angle of these arches is equivalent to 55° followed by 305° corresponded by other arches in the opposite side by inclination angle 125° followed by 235° and designed so that the ball beatings (2) exit from the arch to the next easily.

Ducts (22) in two seats of cylinder pistons (4) are short ducts. Number of these ducts per a seat is 4 ducts as the same number of ball bearings that move in it. The inclination angle of the duct is 50° while the inclination angle of the corresponding ducts in other seat is 130° and ducts (22) are deep from both edges of the seat on the one the contacting side of the seat with two halves of the cylinder (7) and less deep on the middle with the same amount of depth of the seat of the shaft (3) to compensate the lack of both of each other .

Based on all of the above, the mechanical movement of this engine occurs as follows: ( Example explanation starts from right to left ).

When the shaft (1) and its seat (3) rotate, the seat (5) moves horizontal movement from right to left or versa .

This movement leads to horizontal vertical rotational reciprocating movement of the ball bearings (2) inside the ducts (21,22) located in the seats (3,4).

This movement leads to matching the inclination angle of the duct (21) 55° with duct (22) 50° and above it and rotate around it, leading to the rotation of the seat (4) and its cylinder (12) in this side of the engine in the same direction of rotation of the shaft (1 ) and its seat (3).

While on the other side, the inclination angle of ducts (21) is 235°. This angle is reverse of the inclination angle of ducts (22) and equal to 130° above it and rotate around it, leading to the rotation of the seat (4) and its other cylinder (12) in the ether side of the engine in reverse direction of rotation of the propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3).

The two seats (4) and their cylinders (12) and their pistons (8) rotate with the propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3) to complete 90° for this stroke.

This cycle is repeated every 90° of the rotation of the propeller shaft (1).

Thus the inclination angle of first ducts (21) is 305° which becomes the reverse of inclination angle of first ducts (22) is 50° thus seat (4) and its cylinder (12) rotate in reverse direction of the rotation of the propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3).

The inclination angle of ducts (21) on the other side is 125° becomes the same as the inclination angle of ducts (22) which is 130° thus the other seat (4) and its cylinder (12) rotate in the same direction of rotation of propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3).

The two seats (4) and their cylinders (12) and their pistons (8) rotate with the propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3) to complete 90 ^° for this stroke. Ball bearings (2) still exit from the arch to enter the next arch in the same side as well as in the opposite side, according to the form of duct (21) because ball bearings (2) is 4 consecutive balls next to 4 other balls in the seat (5) which makes propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3) alter their presence point inside thetwo cylinders pistons (12) and their seat (4) every 90° continuously, which makes the engine and propeller shaft (1) take advantage of the power of inertia, as in the case of traditional reciprocating engines.

There is small difference between matching of inclination angle of ducts (21,22) about almost 5° and the responsible for this difference is the piston (8) thickness, the higher thickness leads to increasing in the difference where this difference leads to rotation of two cylinders pistons (12) and their seats (4) with the propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3) in the same direction continuously and can be seen in the cylinder of pistons (12) and its seat (4), which are supposed to rotate backward, where they rotate with shaft (1) very slowly backward but don't stop.

Balls assembly seat (5) or with slices (27) rotates with the propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3) at the same speed and the same direction, but always returns back and lags for propeller shaft (1) every 45° due to the design of two rings of cams (6) which force it to consistently take a horizontal side path from right to left or versa, making it seem to us that it is going backwards, but it is constantly get out from shaft (1).

Two seats of two cylinders of pistons (4) and assembly seat (5) or assembly seat with slices (27) and ball bearigs (2) are linked to each of them always and their sites don't change inside the other, while the seat of the shaft (3) and the propeller shaft (1) are installed in each of them and also two rings of cams (6) installed in two halves of the cylinder (7).

Ball bearings (2) move vertical reciprocating movement ( up and down or versa ) in their openings (24) because of the design of the ducts.

The propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3) rotate with the pistons (8) and their two cylinders (12) and their seat (4) in the same direction at the area of dead centers where the fully interlocking occur because of the design of cams ring (6) where the straight distance between cams (23) and also straight top of cams (23).

Type II : [Double ball bearings]:

The principle of method of working in this type is the same as the principle of the method of work in the previous type (single) completely without any change but the difference is in doubling the number of ball bearings (2) and slices (27) of the seat (5) and the form of duct (21) and doubled the ducts (22).

When the propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3) rotate together, the ball bearings (2) and the balls assembly seat (5) with slices (27) rotate with them.

The number of slices (27) in the seat (5) is 8 slices. There are 2 openings (24) for the ball bearings (2) in each slice.

The slices (27) slides on the corresponding two rings of cams (6) in two halves of cylinder, where horizontal reciprocating movement is generated from right to left or versa instead of the seat (5). This is due to the position of the two rings of cams (6) in the two halves of the cylinder (7) where the highest peak of the cams (23) is parallel and corresponding to the deepest point in the cavities confined between the cams (23) in the other corresponding ring.

Consequently, the seat (5) with slices (27) rotate in conjunction with reciprocating movement in zigzag form resembles ducts form (21) in the seat (3), leading to horizontal vertical reciprocating rotational movement for ball bearings (2) because of the design of ducts (21,22) present in the seat (3,4).

Ducts (21) in the seat of the shaft (3) designed in the form of 4 consecutive arches and next to 4 other consecutive arches so that ducts (21) seems to be in the form of two adjacent bands in zigzag form. These ducts (21) are deep from the middle of the seat (3) and less deep in both sides also as well as the inclination angle of ducts (21) is 55° followed by 305° in the same side of arches and nearby are also other inclination angle is 55° also followed by 305° and designed so that ball bearings (2) exit from an arch to the next arch easily. Ducts (22) in two seats of cylinder of pistons (4) are short ducts. These ducts per a seat is 8 ducts with the same ball bearings number (2) that moves included in this area. i.e. half of the ball bearings (2). i.e. 16 ball bearings and inclination angle of one of these ducts is 50° followed by 310° in the opposite side also, where the other seat is 130° followed by 230° and ducts (22) are deep from both sides of the seat (4) in contact side with two halves of the cylinder (7) and less deep in the middle by the same amount of the depth of the seat of the shaft (3) also to compensate for both lack of the other.

Based on all of the above, the mechanical movement of this engine occurs as following: (Explain the example from right to left).

When the shaft (1) and its seat (3) rotate, the slices (27) which are alternative for the seat (5) moves horizontally from right to left orversa.

This movement is a vertical horizontal rotary reciprocating movement of the ball bearings (2) inside the ducts (21,22) in the seats (3,4).

This movement leads to matching of the inclination angle of ducts (21) 55° and it is followed by 305° with ducts (22) 50° which followed by 310° which are ducts that topped and rotate around it leading to the rotation of the seat (4) and its cylinder (12) in this side of the engine in the same direction as the rotation of shaft (1) and its seat (3).

While on the other side the inclination angle of ducts (21) is 55° followed by 305° which is the opposite angle of inclination of ducts (22) 130° which followed by 230° which is ducts that topped and rotate around it leading to the rotation of the seat (4) and its other cylinder (12) in the other side of the engine in the opposite direction of the rotation of the propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3).

The two seats (4) and their cylinders (12) and their pistons (8) rotate with the propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3) to complete 90° for this stroke.

This cycle is repeated every 90° of the rotation of propeller shaft (1).

Which makes then inclination angle of first ducts (21) is 55° which followed by 305° opposite the inclination angle of first ducts (22) 310° which followed by 50° and thus the seat (4) and its cylinder (12) rotate opposite direction of rotation of the shaft (1) and its seat (3).

Whereas the inclination angle of ducts (21) on the other side is 55° which is followed by 305° making it the same inclination angle of ducts (22) which is 230° which is followed by 130° and thus the seat (4) and its cylinder (12) rotate in the same direction of rotation of propeller shaft (1) and its seat (4).

The two seats (4) and their cylinders (12) and their pistons (8) rotate with the propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3) to complete 90° for this stroke.

Balls bearings (2) still exit from the arch to enter the next in the same side as well as in the opposite side, according to the form of ducts (21) as well as ball bearings (2) is 8 consecutive balls and there are other 8 balls in the openings (24) in the slices (27) which are alternative for the seat (5) which makes the propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3) alters its presence point inside two halves of two cylinders of pistons (12) and their seat (4) every 90° continuously, which makes the engine and propeller shaft ( 1) benefit from the strength of inertia as is in the case of traditional reciprocating engines.

The lubrication cycle within the smart ball bearings system :

When the oil pump delivers the oil to the middle oi the shaft (1) where the openings (25) in the seat of the shaft (3), the oil passes through these openings to fill the spaces and clearances between seat group (3,4,5) and the ball bearings (2). With the rotation and movement of ball bearings (2) and seats (4,5) or the slices (27), the oil pressure doubles to come out of the openings (26) in two seats (4) where the openings (26) meet with openings in the cylinder of pistons (12) and connected to the pistons (8) to lubricate the combustion chamber and then the excess oil returns to the oil tank (18) after oil pressure inside the group seats is more than oil pump in the oil tank (18).

The lubrication cycle of combustion chamber of this rotary pistonal engine is explained in details in my previous patent no. (776/2014). Cooling cycle of the smart ball bearings system :

Cooling cycle in this system works such as reciprocating engines where the circular combustion chamber is cooled in two halves of the cylinder (7), while a part of the cold water goes to cool two rings of cams (6) through the cooling passage (17) located in the half-cylinder (7) where the cold water enters from the pass of entry (19) and hot water comes out from the pass of exit (20) and thus the temperature of seats group of smart ball bearings (5,4,3) and ball bearings (2) becomes at optimal temperature so there will not expand or no excessive friction or wearing of the system taken in mind that the material of the seats (5,4,3) and the ball bearings (2) and the two rings of cams (6) are made of thermal steel that does not expand.

Notes :

1- The ball bearings in the smart ball bearings system play two roles, a normal traditional role such as the traditional balls where facilitate and soften the rotation and the other role which is non traditional, which mesh one of two cylinders of pistons (12) and its seat (4) with the propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3) while allowing the other to get out and lag it during rotation at the dead centers of the rotary engine and the reverse occur during the rotation due to the design of the smart ball bearings system.

2- Smart ball bearings system [double ball bearings] is better than [Single ball bearings]. This is because the first has stronger mesh and smoother during engine rotation, but the latter is simpler and less damaged.

3- Horizontal stroke of ball bearings (2) which is resulting from the horizontal movement of the balls assembly seat (5) or slices (27) is equivalent and equal to the vertical stroke of the ball bearings (2) inside the their opening (24) in the seat (5) or slices (27) almost.

4- The inclination angle of ducts (21) is in the shaft seat (3). It is better to be confined between ( 55° to 75' ) almost so that the inclination angle of the ducts (21) that resemble obtuse arches leading to the ease of rotation of the propeller shaft (1) and its seat (3), as well as the ease of sliding of balls assembly seat (5) or slices (27) on the two rings of cams (6). As well as ball bearings (2) inside the ducts (21,22)

5- The depth of the ducts (21,22) in both the shaft seat (3) and the two seats of two cylinders of pistons (4) is preferred to be the same as the inclination angle of ducts (21) almost.

6- The secret in ducts design (22,21) is that the largest possible variable happens to ball bearings (2) in less space possible, which leads to ease and streamline of rotation and mechanical movement of this rotary engine and also decreasing the vibration and lost motion during the engine running.

7- It is recommended that the height of the cams (23) in the cam ring is to be very small, as well as the inclination angle of ducts (21,22) is obtuse so that the rotation of parts of the smart ball bearings system will be very easy and smooth .

8- The smart ball bearings system is similar to the traditional ball bearings used in machines, electric motors and gearbox ... etc in that it allows the propeller shaft to make complete rotation inside the engine smoothly a d streamlined and also the smart ball bearings system is similar to C.V. joint system located in the Front-wheel drive (FWD) in the cars where it plays a role of interlock, while the smart ball bearings system plays a new role as it controls and creates the combustion cycle of this rotary pistonal engine.

9- Cams (23) are designed where the top of each straight cam is a small distance which is equal to the small straight distance in between consecutive cams (23) in the ring of cams (6) and this design controls combustion cycle.

10- The inclination angle of ducts (22) is more acute than the inclination angle (21) in general and increases or decreases according to size of pistons or blades.

Brief description of drawings:

Figure (1): Shows the details of the engine from th& inside from a side view. Figure (2): shows the internal parts of the smart ball bearings system (with single ball bearings) where components of the system are disassembled .

Figure (3): shows the internal parts of the smart ball bearings system (with double ball bearings) where components of the system are disassembled .

Figure (4): shows the internal parts of the smart ball bearings ( with single ball bearings) From an internal view, grouped after separating parts of them .

Figure (5): shows the internal parts of the smart ball bearings ( with double ball bearings) From an internal view, grouped after separating parts of them .

Figure (6): shows seat of the shaft (3) from another view ( with double ball bearings ) .

Figure (7): shows balls assembly seat (5) from front view and seat slice (27) from upper and side view (with double ball bearings) .

Figure (8): shows seat of shaft (3) from another view ( with single ball bearings ).

Description of numbers :

No. (1): Propeller shaft.

No. (2): Ball bearings.

No. (3): Seat of the propeller shaft: This seat is installed in the propeller shaft.

No. (4): Seat of cylinder of pistons: installed in one of two cylinder pistons.

No. (5): Balls assembly seat: where the ball bearings are assembled in it.

No. (6): Cams ring: installed in one of the two halves of the cylinder.

No. (7): One of two halves of the cylinder.

No. (8): Piston.

No. (9): spark plug.

No. (10): Suction ports.

No. (11): Exhaust ports.

No. (12): One of the two cylinders of pistons.

No. (13): The opening where the cold water enter through it to two halves of the cylinder.

No. (14): The opening where the hot water exit through it in two halves of the cylinder.

No. (15): The opening of water transmission between the two halves of the cylinder.

No. (16): Screws connecting two halves of the cylinder.

No. (17): Internal passage for water to cool two rings of cams (6).

No. (18): Oil tank and oil pump.

No. (19): Passage which allows cold water to enter to the cooling passage (17).

No. (20): Passage which allows of hot water to exit from the cooling passage (17).

No. (21): Duct in seat of shaft (3) where the ball bearings (2) slide on it.

No. (22): Duct in seat of cylinder of pistons (4) where the ball bearings (2) move in it.

No. (23): cams of cams ring.

No. (24): ball bearings (2) opening, where ball bearings (2) move in it.

No. (25): lubrication openings in seat of shaft (3).

No. (26): openings of oil transmission and exit in the seat of cylinder of pistons (4).

No. (27): slice of ball assembly seat (5) in the type ( with double ball bearings ).

No. (28): opening of oil transmission the slice (27).