JIANG MENG (CN)
CHEN BEIBEI (CN)
WEI XUDONG (US)
ZHONG WENGE (US)
WO2018109607A1 | 2018-06-21 | |||
WO2020103815A1 | 2020-05-28 | |||
WO2018109607A1 | 2018-06-21 |
CN2019119373W | 2019-11-19 | |||
US4485045A | 1984-11-27 | |||
US4544545A | 1985-10-01 | |||
US5013556A | 1991-05-07 | |||
US3773919A | 1973-11-20 |
VILSBOLL ET AL., DIABETES, vol. 50, 2001, pages 609 - 613
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MEIER, NAT. REV. ENDOCRINOL., vol. 8, 2012, pages 728
FINNINMORGAN, J. PHARM. SCI., vol. 88, 1999, pages 955 - 958
HOOVER, JOHN E.: "Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences", 1975, MACK PUBLISHING CO.
"Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms", 1980, MARCEL DECKER
"Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients", 1999, AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION
REMINGTON: "The Science and Practice of Pharmacy", 2000, MACK PUBLISHING
GREENE: "Comprehensive Organic Transformations: A Guide to Functional Group Preparations", vol. I-XII, 1991, JOHN WILEY AND SONS
CHINESE PHARMACOPEIA, 2015
WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A tris salt of Compound I, wherein Compound I is represented by the following structural formula: , wherein the molar ratio between Compound I and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is 1:1. 2. The tris salt of claim 1, wherein the tris salt is crystalline. 3. The tris salt of claim 1, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form. 4. The tris salt of claim 2 or 3, wherein the tris salt is a monohydrate. 5. The tris salt of claim 2 or 3, wherein the tris salt is unsolvated. 6. The tris salt of claim 4, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form A, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises at least three peaks selected from 17.5°, 20.1°, 20.7°, 21.1°, and 22.6° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 7. The tris salt of claim 4, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form A, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises peaks at 17.5°, 20.1°, 20.7°, 21.1°, and 22.6° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 8. The tris salt of claim 4, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form A, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises peaks at 4.1°, 14.8°, 17.5°, 18.8°, 20.1°, 20.7°, 21.1°, and 22.6° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 9. The tris salt of claim 4, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form A, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises peaks at 4.1°, 8.1°, 12.8°, 14.8°, 16.3°, 17.5°, 18.8°, 19.3°, 20.1°, 20.7°, 21.1°, 22.6°, 25.1°, and 25.8° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 10. The tris salt of any one of claims 6-9, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form A, characterized by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) peak phase transition temperature of 173 ± 3°C. 11. The tris salt of any one of claims 6-10, wherein at least 90% by weight of the tris salt is in single crystalline Form A. 12. A tris salt of Compound II, wherein Compound II is represented by the following structural formula: , wherein the molar ratio between Compound II and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is 1:1. 13. The tris salt of claim 12, wherein the tris salt is crystalline. 14. The tris salt of claim 13, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form. 15. The tris salt of claim 13 or 14, wherein the tris salt is a monohydrate. 16. The tris salt of claim 13 or 14, wherein the tris salt is unsolvated. 17. The tris salt of claim 14 or 15, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form B, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises at least three peaks selected from 4.1°, 14.7°, 18.8°, 20.1°, and 23.1° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 18. The tris salt of claim 14 or 15, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form B, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises peaks at 4.1°, 14.7°, 18.8°, 20.1°, and 23.1° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 19. The tris salt of claim 14 or 15, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form B, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises peaks at 4.1°, 8.2°, 14.7°, 16.4°, 18.8°, 20.1°, 20.7°, 21.3°, and 23.1° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 20. The tris salt of claim 14 or 15, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form B, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises peaks at 4.1°, 8.2°, 14.7°, 16.4°, 18.8°, 19.1°, 20.1°, 20.7°, 21.3°, 23.1°, 24.1°, and 25.4° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 21. The tris salt of any one of claims 17-20, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form B, characterized by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) peak phase transition temperature of 168 ± 4°C. 22. The tris salt of any one of claims 17-21, wherein at least 90% by weight of the tris salt is in single crystalline Form B. 23. The tris salt of claim 14, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form G, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises at least three peaks selected from 6.2°, 7.6°, 13.1°, 13.4°, and 18.5° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 24. The tris salt of claim 14, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form G, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises peaks at 6.2°, 7.6°, 13.1°, 13.4°, and 18.5° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 25. The tris salt of claim 14, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form G, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises peaks at 6.2°, 7.6°, 13.1°, 13.4°, 18.5°, 21.5°, 23.7°, and 24.1° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 26. The tris salt of claim 14, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form G, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises peaks at 6.2°, 7.6°, 13.1°, 13.4°, 18.0°, 18.5°, 20.8°, 21.5°, 23.7°, and 24.1° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 27. The tris salt of any one of claims 23-26, wherein the tris salt is in a single crystalline form, Form G, characterized by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) peak phase transition temperature of 129.5 ± 4°C. 28. The tris salt of any one of claims 23-27, wherein at least 90% by weight of the tris salt is in single crystalline Form G. 29. A citrate salt of Compound II, wherein Compound II is represented by the following structural formula: , wherein the molar ratio between Compound II and citric acid is 1:1. 30. The citrate salt of claim 29, wherein the citrate salt is crystalline. 31. The citrate salt of claim 30, wherein the citrate salt is in a single crystalline form. 32. The citrate salt of claim 31, wherein the citrate salt is in a single crystalline form, Form A, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises at least three peaks selected from 5.4°, 9.4°, 12.4°, 14.3°, and 17.8° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 33. The citrate salt of claim 31, wherein the citrate salt is in a single crystalline form, Form A, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises peaks at 5.4°, 9.4°, 12.4°, 14.3°, and 17.8° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 34. The citrate salt of claim 31, wherein the citrate salt is in a single crystalline form, Form A, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises peaks at 5.4°, 9.4°, 10.8°, 12.4°, 14.3°, 16.2°, 17.8°, 19.6°, and 24.9° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 35. The citrate salt of claim 31, wherein the citrate salt is in a single crystalline form, Form A, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern which comprises peaks at 5.4°, 9.4°, 10.8°, 12.4°, 14.3°, 16.2°, 17.8°, 18.8°, 19.6°, 23.6°, and 24.9° ± 0.2 in 2θ. 36. The citrate salt of any one of claims 32-35, wherein the citrate salt is in a single crystalline form, Form A, characterized by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) peak phase transition temperature of 170 ± 3°C. 37. The citrate salt of any one of claims 32-36, wherein at least 90% by weight of the citrate salt is in single crystalline Form A. 38. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any of claims 1-37, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 39. A method of treating cardiometabolic and associated diseases, the method comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a salt of any one of claims 1-37, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, wherein the disease is T1D, T2DM, pre-diabetes, idiopathic T1D, LADA, EOD, YOAD, MODY, malnutrition-related diabetes, gestational diabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hepatic insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy, adipocyte dysfunction, visceral adipose deposition, sleep apnea, obesity, eating disorders, weight gain from use of other agents, excessive sugar craving, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, NAFLD, NASH, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, impaired vascular compliance, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, pulmonary hypertension, restenosis after angioplasty, intermittent claudication, post-prandial lipemia, metabolic acidosis, ketosis, arthritis, osteoporosis, Parkinson's Disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, peripheral arterial disease, macular degeneration, cataract, glomerulosclerosis, chronic renal failure, metabolic syndrome, syndrome X, premenstrual syndrome, angina pectoris, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, transient ischemic attacks, vascular restenosis, impaired glucose metabolism, conditions of impaired fasting plasma glucose, hyperuricemia, gout, erectile dysfunction, skin and connective tissue disorders, psoriasis, foot ulcerations, ulcerative colitis, hyper apo B lipoproteinemia, Alzheimer's Disease, schizophrenia, impaired cognition, inflammatory bowel disease, short bowel syndrome Crohn's disease, colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, prevention or treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and treatment of addiction. 40. Use of a therapeutically effective amount of a salt of any of claims 1-37, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for of treating a subject in need of with cardiometabolic and associated diseases, wherein the disease is T1D, T2DM, pre-diabetes, idiopathic T1D, LADA, EOD, YOAD, MODY, malnutrition-related diabetes, gestational diabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hepatic insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, kidney disease, diabetic retinopathy, adipocyte dysfunction, visceral adipose deposition, sleep apnea, obesity, eating disorders, weight gain from use of other agents, excessive sugar craving, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, NAFLD, NASH, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, impaired vascular compliance, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, pulmonary hypertension, restenosis after angioplasty, intermittent claudication, post-prandial lipemia, metabolic acidosis, ketosis, arthritis, osteoporosis, Parkinson's Disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, peripheral arterial disease, macular degeneration, cataract, glomerulosclerosis, chronic renal failure, metabolic syndrome, syndrome X, premenstrual syndrome, angina pectoris, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, transient ischemic attacks, vascular restenosis, impaired glucose metabolism, conditions of impaired fasting plasma glucose, hyperuricemia, gout, erectile dysfunction, skin and connective tissue disorders, psoriasis, foot ulcerations, ulcerative colitis, hyper apo B lipoproteinemia, Alzheimer's Disease, schizophrenia, impaired cognition, inflammatory bowel disease, short bowel syndrome Crohn's disease, colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, prevention or treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and treatment of addiction. |
Step 1 To a solution of 3-bromophenol (1.0 g, 5.8 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (50 mL) was added tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydrop yridine-1(2H)- carboxylate (1.9 g, 6.4 mmol), and Cs2CO3(3.8 g,11.6 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (416 mg, 0.58 mmol). The mixture was stirred under nitrogen at 90 °C for 8 h. The mixture was filtered though Celite to give a solution, diluted with water (150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (150 mL ×3), the combine organic was washed with brine (150 mL×3), dried and concentrated in vacuo to give crude product. The crude product was purified by Pre-TLC (PE:EA = 2:1) to give tert-butyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (1.51 g, 94% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] + = 221, Retention time (10 mM NH4HCO3) = 1.81 min. Step 2 To a solution of tert-butyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)- carboxylate (275 mg, 1.0 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10mL) was added 1-(bromomethyl)-4- chloro-2-fluorobenzene (223 mg, 1.0 mmol) and Pd2(dba)3 (91.5 mg, 0.1 mmol) and BINAP(62.2 mg,0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred under nitrogen at 100 o C for 8 h. The reaction was cooled to rt and the reaction was diluted with water (150 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (150 mL×3), The combine organic was washed with brine (150 mL×3), dried and concentrated in vacuo to give crude product. Then the crude product was purified by Pre-TLC (PE:EA = 3:1) to give tert-butyl 4-(3-((4-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy)phenyl)-3,6- dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (241 mg, 57.8 % yield) as a yellow oil. LCMS: [M+H] + = 363, Retention time (10 mM NH4HCO3) = 2.04 min. Step 3 To a solution of tert-butyl 4-(3-((4-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy)phenyl)-3,6- dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (322 mg, 0.77 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added HCl/1,4dioxane(1.2 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3), The combine organic was washed with brine (50 mL×3), dried and concentrated in vacuo to give crude product, which was purified by Pre-TLC ( PE: EA = 5:1) to give 4-(3-((4-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy)phenyl)- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (198 mg) as a yellow oil. LCMS: [M+H] + = 318, Retention time (10 mM NH4HCO3) = 1.61 min. Step 4 To a solution of 4-(3-((4-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (90 mg, 0.28 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane(10 mL) was added tert-butyl (S)-2- (chloromethyl)-1-(oxetan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-6- carboxylate (85 mg, 0.28 mmol) and added DIPEA (0.3 mL,1.4 mol). The mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 3 h. The reaction was diluted with water (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL×3), dried and concentrated in vacuo to give crude product, which was purified by pre-TLC to give tert-butyl (S)-2-((4-(3- ((4-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy)phenyl)-3,6-dihydropyridin-1(2 H)-yl)methyl)-1-(oxetan-2- ylmethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-6-carboxylate (80 mg, 46% yield) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H] + = 618, Retention time (10mM NH4HCO3) = 2.36 min. Step 5 To a solution of tert-butyl (S)-2-((4-(3-((4-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy)phenyl)-3,6- dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl)methyl)-1-(oxetan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-ben zo[d]imidazole-6- carboxylate (80 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DCM (12 mL) was added TFA (2 mL, 26.93 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo to give crude product, which was purified by Pre-HPLC (NH4HCO3) to give (S)-2-((4-(3-((4-chloro-2- fluorobenzyl)oxy)phenyl)-3,6-dihydropyridin-1(2H)-yl)methyl) -1-(oxetan-2-ylmethyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazole-6-carboxylic acid (18.5 mg, 25 % yield) as white solid. LCMS: [M+H] + = 562.0, Retention time (10 mM NH4HCO3) = 1.40 min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 8.21-8.20 (brs, 1 H), 7.97 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.62 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.54 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.25 (ddd, J = 6.3, 5.6, 2.0 Hz, 3 H), 7.11 – 7.02 (m, 2 H), 6.89 (dd, J = 7.3, 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 6.13-6.12 (brs, 1 H), 5.28 (dd, J = 9.4, 5.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.13 (s, 2 H), 4.92 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.77 – 4.71 (m, 1 H), 4.63 (dd, J = 13.4, 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.53 – 4.46 (m, 1 H), 4.14 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.03 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.25 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2 H), 2.80 (ddd, J = 22.5, 12.9, 7.2 Hz, 3 H), 2.62 – 2.48 (m, 3 H). Example 2. Synthesis of (S)-2-((6-((4-cyano-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy)-3',6'-dihydro-[2,4'- bipyridin]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl)-1-(oxetan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-benzo [d]imidazole-6-carboxylic acid (Compound II) Step 1 To a stirred suspension of t-BuOK (31.3 g, 279.7 mmol) in THF (500 mL) was added 3-fluoro-4-(hydroxymethyl)benzonitrile (28.1 g, 186.5 mmol) portion wise between 10-15 o C. The mixture was stirred at 15 o C for 45 min and 2,6-dichloropyridine (23.0 g, 155.4 mmol) was added in several portions to the reaction mixture at 15 o C and the mixture was stirred at 15 o C for 18 h.The mixture was poured into aq. NH4Cl (1000 mL). EtOAc (1000 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred for 15 min. The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite. The organic layer was separated and the aq. layer extracted with EtOAc (2x 600 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (500 mL). dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (PE/EtOAc = 10/1) to obtain 4-((6-chloropyridin-2- yloxy)methyl)-3-fluorobenzonitrile (26.0 g, 64% yield) as light yellow solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.67 – 7.63 (t, J =7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.59 – 7.55 (t, J =7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.49 – 7.46 (dd, J1 =8.0 Hz, J2 =1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40 – 7.37 (dd, J1 =9.2 Hz, J2 =1.2 Hz,1H), 6.97 – 6.95 (d, J =7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.75 – 6.73 (d, J =8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.48 (s, 2H). Step 1a A mixture of 4-[(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)oxymethyl]-3-fluoro-benzonitrile (1 g, 3.81 mmol), tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro- 2H-pyridine-1- carboxylate (1.29 g, 4.19 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2 (278.3 mg, 0.38 mmol) and NaHCO3 (479.69 mg, 5.71 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) and H2O (4 g, 222.22 mmol) was stirred for 2 h at 90 °C under N 2 , until the reaction was complete as indicated by LCMS. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite with EtOAc, and the combined organics were concentrated in vacuo, purified by silica gel chromatography (Hexanes/EtOAc = 0~11%) to give the desired product tert-butyl 4-[6-[(4-cyano-2-fluoro-phenyl)methoxy]-2-pyridyl]-3,6- dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carboxylate (1.5 g, 3.63 mmol, 95.4% yield) as pale yellow liquid. LCMS: [M+H] + = 410.1; Retention time (10 mM NH4HCO3) = 2.22 min. Step 2 To a solution of tert-butyl 4-[6-[(4-cyano-2-fluoro-phenyl)methoxy]-2-pyridyl]-3,6- dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carboxylate (1.5 g, 3.66 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added slowly TFA (7.40 g, 64.90 mmol, 5 mL). The reaction was stirred at 28 °C for 2 h. After completion of the reaction as determined by LCMS, reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford 3-fluoro-4-[[6-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-2- pyridyl]oxymethyl]benzonitrile (1.8 g, 3.94 mmol) TFA salt as a pale yellowish liquid. The crude product was used directly next step without further purification. LCMS: [M+H] + = 310.1; Retention time (0.01% TFA) = 1.42 min. Step 3 A mixture of 3-fluoro-4-[[6-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-2-pyridyl]ox ymethyl]- benzonitrile (340 mg, 0.80 mmol), tert-butyl 2-(chloromethyl)-3-[[(2S)-oxetan-2- yl]methyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxylate (225 mg, 670 mmol, the synthesis is disclosed in international application WO2018/109607, which is incorporated herein by reference) and DIPEA (216.42 mg, 1.67 mmol) in Dioxane (10 mL) was stirred for 1 h at 90 °C, until the reaction was complete as indicated by LCMS, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, purified by silica gel chromatography (Hexanes/EtOAc = 20:1) to give the desired product tert-butyl 2-[[4-[6-[(4-cyano-2-fluoro-phenyl)methoxy]-2-pyridyl]-3,6-d ihydro-2H- pyridin-1-yl]methyl]-3-[[(2S)-oxetan-2-yl]methyl]benzimidazo le-5-carboxylate (366 mg, 0.31 mmol) as pale brown solid. LCMS: [M+H] + = 610.0; Retention time (10 mM NH4H CO3) = 1.87 min. Step 4 To a solution of tert-butyl 2-[[4-[6-[(4-cyano-2-fluoro-phenyl)methoxy]-2-pyridyl]- 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl]methyl]-3-[[(2S)-oxetan-2-yl]met hyl]benzimidazole-5- carboxylate (180 mg, 0.30 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) was added slowly TFA (2.96 g, 25.96 mmol, 2 mL) in DCM (2 mL) at 28 °C and stirred for 1 h. After completion of the reaction as judged by LCMS, reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the crude product was purified by Prep-HPLC (10 mM NH4HCO3) to afford (S)-2-((6-((4-cyano-2- fluorobenzyl)oxy)-3',6'-dihydro-[2,4'-bipyridin]-1'(2'H)-yl) methyl)-1-(oxetan-2-ylmethyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-6-carboxylic acid (54 mg, 33% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H] + = 554.2; Retention time (10 mM NH4HCO3) = 1.42 min. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.73-12.72 (brs, 1 H), 8.27-8.26 (brs, 1 H), 7.90 (d, J = 10.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.81 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.69 (dt, J = 13.2, 8.0 Hz, 4 H), 7.10 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.85 – 6.61 (m, 2 H), 5.49 (s, 2 H), 5.15 – 5.02 (m, 1 H), 4.80 (dd, J = 15.2, 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.71 – 4.60 (m, 1 H), 4.40 (ddt, J = 11.9, 8.9, 6.0 Hz, 2 H), 4.07 (d, J = 13.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.91 (d, J = 13.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.28 – 3.17 (m, 2 H), 2.73 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 2 H), 2.70 – 2.60 (m, 1 H), 2.43-2.42 (m, 2 H), 2.44 – 2.34 (m, 1 H). Example 3. Preparations and Characterization of Crystalline Form of 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) 3.1.1 Preparation Method A solution of 500.9 mg of free form of Compound I was dissolved in 20 mL Acetone/H2O (9:1, v:v). In the meatime, an equimolar Tris (107.9 mg) was dissolved in 2.5 mL H2O. The obtained Tris solution was added to the free form of Compound I solution dropwise and stirred at room temperature (RT, ~1000 rpm). The obtained slurry was stirred continuously for 17 hours at RT, then it was cooled down to 5 ºC and stirred for another 4 hours. The solid in the mixture was isolated by centrifugation and vacuum dried at RT for 20 hours to obtain 445.9 mg of the desired product (yield ~ 73.2%). The solid obtained was further characterized by XRPD (FIG.1 and Table 1). The TGA results showed a weight loss of 3.2 % up to 150 °C (FIG.2A) and the DSC results showed two endotherms at 112.0 °C and 174.3 ºC (peak temperature) (FIG.2B). The 1 H NMR spectrum showed the molar ratio of tris/freeform was 1.0:1 and no residual solvent was observed. VH-XRPD and single crystal structure determination were performed for 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) and it was identified as a monohydrate, which would dehydrate at the ≤ 30%RH condition. 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) is thus suggested to be stored under the condition of 20~30 °C with relative humidity ≥ 40%RH to avoid dehydration. Table 1 XRPD of 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) 3.1.2 Alternative Preparation Methods The preparation of 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) was attempted via slurry/solution crystallization for several times. The preparation results were summarized in Table A and Table B. The detailed characterization results were summarized in Table C. Table A Summary of re-preparation for 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) Table B Summary of preparation procedures for 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A)
Table C Summary of characterization results of re-prepared Tris Salt (Form A) Tris salt Form A (Sample ID 1) was re-prepared via slurry of equimolar freeform of Compound I and Tris in THF for 1 day, followed by vacuum drying at RT for ~2.5 days. While the crystallinity of the sample decreased significantly after vacuum drying. The TGA/DSC curves showed a weight loss of 7.1% up to 150 ºC and two endotherms at 89.4 ºC and 170.5 ºC (peak temperature). The 1 H NMR spectrum showed the molar ratio of Tris/freeform was 1.0:1 and the molar ratio of residual THF/freeform was 0.62:1 (6.1%, wt%). The HPLC purity of Tris salt Form A (Sample ID 1) was measured to be 93.87 area%. Tris salt Form A (Sample ID 3) was obtained via solution crystallization using 15 mg freeform and equalmolar Tris as starting material. The TGA/DSC curves showed a weight loss of 7.8% up to 150 ºC and two endotherms at 98.2 ºC and 174.6 ºC (peak temperature). The 1 H NMR spectrum indicated the molar ratio of Tris/freeform was 1.0:1, and the molar ratio of residual Acetone/freeform was 0.04:1 (0.3%, wt%). The HPLC purity of Tris salt Form A (Sample ID 3) was measured to be 97.46 area%. Tris salt Form A (Sample ID 4) was obtained via solution crystallization using 500 mg freeform and equalmolar Tris as starting material. The TGA/DSC curves showed a weight loss of 6.1% up to 150 ºC and two endotherms at 90.9 ºC and 174.2 ºC (peak temperature). The 1 H NMR spectrum indicated the molar ratio of Tris/freeform was 0.9:1, and the molar ratio of residual Acetone/freeform was 0.04:1 (0.3%, wt%). The HPLC purity of Tris salt Form A (Sample ID 4) was measured to be 98.04 area%. This batch of sample was not further used for formulation study since the molar ratio was not 1:1. Tris salt Form A (Sample ID 5) was obtained via solution crystallization using 500 mg freeform and equalmolar Tris as starting material. The TGA/DSC curves showed a weight loss of 3.2% up to 150 ºC and two endotherms at 112.0 ºC and 174.3 ºC (peak temperature). The 1 H NMR spectrum indicated the molar ratio of Tris/freeform was 1.0:1, and the molar ratio of residual Acetone/freeform was 0.05:1 (0.4%, wt%). The HPLC purity of Tris salt Form A (Sample ID 5) was measured to be 98.16 area%. 3.2 Single Crystal Growth The single crystal sample of 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A), characterized by SCXRD, was obtained from a slow evaporation experiment. The experiment details are elaborated below. 15.0 mg 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) starting material was added into a 3-mL glass vial with the addition of 1.0 mL ACN/MeOH (1:1, v:v) solvent mixture. After being shaken by ultrasonic cleaner to accelerate dissolution, the suspension was filtered. The obtained clear solution was transferred to a clean 4-mL shell vial. The shell vial was sealed by PE-Plug with one pinhole on it. Then it was placed in fume hood at room temperature for slow evaporation. After 2 days’ slow evaporation, rod-like crystals were observed. As evidenced in single crystal X-ray crystallography (FIG.3), the asymmetric unit of the Type A single crystal structure is comprised of one Compound I anion, one tris cation and one water molecule, which confirms that the Form A is a monohydrate of 1:1 Compound I tris salt. 3.3 Kinetic Solubility I) Preparation of Bio-relevant Media and pH Buffers Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) Weigh 100 mg of sodium chloride and 50 mg of Triton X-100 into a 50-mL volumetric flask. Add appropriate volume of purified water and sonicate until all solids are completely dissolved. Add about 68 μL of 12 M HCl and sufficient purified water closely to the target volume and adjust to pH 1.8. Dilute to volume with purified water, mix well and check the pH with a pH meter. Fasted-State Simulated Intestinal Fluid (FaSSIF) Weigh 170 mg of sodium phosphate monobasic, 21 mg of sodium hydroxide and 310 mg of sodium chloride, 110 mg of SIF powder into a 50-mL volumetric flask. Add appropriate volume of purified water and sonicate until all solids are completely dissolved. Add sufficient purified water closely to the target volume and adjust to pH 6.5. Dilute to volume with purified water, mix well and check the pH with a pH meter. Fed-State Simulated Intestinal Fluid (FeSSIF) Weigh 0.41 mL of glacial acetic acid, 202 mg of sodium hydroxide and 594 mg of sodium chloride, 560 mg of SIF powder into a 50-mL volumetric flask. Add appropriate volume of purified water to dissolve the solids. Then add sufficient purified water closely to the target volume and adjust to pH 5.0. Dilute to volume with purified water, mix well and check the pH with a pH meter. pH 8.0 Buffer Weight 302.5 mg of Tris into a 50-mL volumetric flask. Add sufficient purified water closely to the target volume and adjust to pH 8.0. Dilute to volume with purified water, mix well and check the pH with a pH meter. II) Kinetic solubility test Kinetic solubility was evaluated in water and three bio-relevant media (SGF, FaSSIF and FeSSIF) for 1/4/24 hours. 3~4 mg of solids were suspended in 3 mL each medium (solid loading: 1 mg/mL, calculated using freeform) to get a suspension, followed by rolling (25 rpm) at 37 ºC for 1/4/24 hours. At each time point, ~1.0 mL of suspension was sampled out for centrifugation (12000 rpm, 2 min) and filtration through 0.45 μm PTFE membrane to obtain supernatant for HPLC and pH tests, the residual solids were analyzed by XRPD. Detailed results were summarized in Table 2. Based on the results of solubility evaluation, 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) showed better solubility in H2O. Freeform and Tris salt Type A showed similar solubility in FaSSIF and FeSSIF after 1 hour. Form change was observed for 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) in SGF and the XRPD results after solubility test. The purity decrease was for reference only since the samples were suspensions. Table 2 Summary of kinetic solubility test NA: The sample was insufficient for XRPD test. 3.4.1 Solid Stability Evaluation (I/II) To evaluate the physical and chemical stability of 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) and amorphous free form, samples were stored under the conditions of 60 ºC for 1 day and 25 ºC/60% RH or 40 ºC/75% RH for 1 week, respectively. The solids were characterized using XRPD and HPLC, and the results were summarized in
Table Table 3. No form change was observed after one week.1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) showed better chemical stability in all conditions than the amorphous free form.
Table 3 Summary of solid stability evaluation (I/II) 3.4.2 Solid Stability Evaluation (II/II) The chemical stability of 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) was further evaluated at solid state, samples were stored under the ambient condition or 40 ºC/75% RH for 1 day and 3 days, respectively. The HPLC purity and weight purity were tested using HPLC in triplicate, and the results were summarized in Table 4. 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) showed better chemical stability in all conditions. Table Error! No text of specified style in document. Summary of solid stability evaluation (II/II) CV** (%) ** Control variable 3.5 Solution Stability Evaluation Solution stability in SGF (pH 1.8) and pH 8.0 buffer was evaluated for 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) at RT. Clear solutions were prepared at the concentration of 0.01 mg/mL and then placed at RT for 6 hours, 1 and 5 days. No significant degradation was observed for the pH 1.8 solution after 1 day, while the purity of the pH 8.0 solution decreased slightly. The HPLC purity and pH value were summarized in Table 5 and Table 6. Table 5 Summary of solution stability evaluation for 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) I/II 3.6 Hygroscopicity To investigate the solid form stability as a function of humidity, DVS isotherm plot of 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) was collected between 0% RH and 95% RH at 25 ºC. A water uptake of 2.77% was observed at 25 ºC/80% RH. Considering the 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) is a hydrate and may dehydrate under low humidity, DVS was also tested at 20 and 30 ºC to further confirm the suitable storage condition and avoid dehydration. Detailed results were summarized in Table 7. No form change was observed after DVS test. Combing the VH-XRPD and DVS results: the condition of 20~30 ºC and relative humidity ≥ 40% RH is suitable for the storage of 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A). Table 7 Summary of DVS test 3.7 Polymorph Screening Polymorph screening experiments on 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) were performed under vairous conditions using different solution crystallization or solid transition methods, including anti-solvent addition, reverse anti-solvent addition, slow evaporation, slow cooling, slurry at RT, slurry at 50 °C, slurry cycling 5-50 °C, vapor-solid diffusion, vapor-solution diffusion, polymer induced crystallization, and grinding. The screeing results show that 1:1 Compound I Tris Salt (Form A) did not change under most of the test conditions, indicating that Form A is stable. Example 4. Preparations and Characterization of Crystalline Form of 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) 4.1.1 Preparation Method 15 mg of free form of Compound II and 5.21 mg of citric acid in acetone were mixed. The obtained slurry was stirred at RT for 3 days, followed by vacuum drying at RT for ~12 hrs. The solid obtained was further characterized by XRPD (FIG.4 and Table 8). The TGA (FIG.5A) results showed a weight loss of 2.6 % up to 150 °C and the DSC results (FIG.5B) showed one endotherm at 169.9 °C ºC and one exotherm at 173.3 ºC (peak temperature). 1 According to Chinese Pharmacopeia 2015. Table 8 XRPD of 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) 4.1.2 Alternative Preparation Methods The preparation of 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) was attempted via slurry/solution crystallization for several times. The preparation results were summarized in Table 9 and Table 10. The detailed characterization results were summarized in Table 11. Table 9 Summary of re-preparation for 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) Table 10 Summary of preparation procedures for 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) Table 11 Summary of characterization results of 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) (Sample ID 1) was re-prepared via slurry of equimolar starting material and citric acid in Acetone for 1 day, followed by vacuum drying at RT for ~1.5 days. The TGA/DSC curves showed a weight loss of 1.4% up to 150 ºC, one endotherm at 171.9 ºC and one exotherm at 175.5 ºC (peak temperature). The 1 H NMR spectrum showed the molar ratio of citric acid/freeform was 1.0:1 (the NMR signals of citric acid and freeform overlapped, and the integral of freeform was deducted for calculation), and the molar ratio of residual Acetone/freeform was 0.16:1 (1.2%, wt%). The HPLC purity of 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) (Sample ID 1) was measured to be 97.73 area%. 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) (Sample ID 2) was obtained via solution crystallization using 15 mg freeform and citric acid (molar ratio of 1:1, acid/freeform) as starting material. The TGA/DSC curves showed a weight loss of 3.1% up to 150 ºC and one endotherm at 169.9 ºC and one exotherm at 173.6 ºC (peak temperature). The 1 H NMR spectrum indicated the molar ratio of citric acid/freeform was 1.0:1 (the integral of freeform was deducted for calculation), and the molar ratio of residual Acetone/freeform was 0.09:1 (0.9%, wt%). The HPLC purity of 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) (Sample ID 2) was measured to be 97.05 area%. 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) (Sample ID 3) was obtained via solution crystallization using 500 mg freeform and citric acid (molar ratio of 1:1, acid/freeform) as starting material. The TGA/DSC curves showed a weight loss of 2.5% up to 150 ºC and one endotherm at 166.6 ºC and one exotherm at 171.0 ºC (peak temperature). The 1 H NMR spectrum indicated the molar ratio of citric acid/freeform was 1.0:1 (the integral of freeform was deducted for calculation), and the molar ratio of residual Acetone/freeform was 0.08:1 (0.6%, wt%). The HPLC purity of 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) (Sample ID 3) was measured to be 96.66 area%. Example 5. Preparations and Characterization of Crystalline Form of 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) 5.1.1 Preparation Methods Batch A: 1) Under N2 atmosphere, a reactor was charged with acetone (10L, 10.0V). 1.0 Kg of free form of Compound II (1.0 eq) were add to the reactor with agitation. The temperature was adjusted to 23 o C, and the obtained mixture was stirred for 0.5 hour before the mixture was filtered with 0.2μm microporous filter. The filtrate was collected. 2) Under N2 atmosphere, the filtrate was transferred to the reactor. 10 L of EA (10.0V) were added to the reactor. The temperature was adjusted to 21 o C. A Tris solution (218.8 g of Tris (1.0eq) dissolved in 2L of soften water (2.0V)) was added to the reactor within 1.5 hours. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour. 3) The mixture was then isolated by centrifuge. The cake was washed with EA (2 L, 2.0V) and the filter cake was collected. 4) The filter cake was dried under vacuum at 70 o C for 16 hours to obtain 1.03 Kg of 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) as off-white solid. Batch B: 1) Under N2 atmosphere, a reactor was charged with acetone (21.5 L, 10.0V). 2.15 Kg of free form of Compound II (1.0 eq) were add to the reactor with agitation. The temperature was adjusted to 25 o C, and the obtained mixture was stirred for 0.5 hour before the mixture was filtered with 0.2μm microporous filter. The filtrate was collected. 2) Under N 2 atmosphere, the filtrate was transferred to the reactor. 21.5 L of EA (10.0V) were added to the reactor. The temperature was adjusted to 21 o C. A Tris solution (470.4 g of Tris (1.0eq) dissolved in 4.3L of soften water (2.0V)) was added to the reactor within 3 hours. The mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours. 3) The mixture was then isolated by centrifuge. The cake was washed with EA (4.3 L, 2.0V) and the filter cake was collected. 4) The filter cake was dried under vacuum at 70 o C for 16 hours to obtain 2.45 Kg of 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) as white solid. Batch C: 1) 3.45 Kg (1.0eq) of 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) obtained from Batch A and Batch B were mixed with 3.45 L of soften water (1V). The mixture was added to a reactor charged with 44.9 L of EA (13V) under N 2 atmosphere with agitation. The temperature was adjusted to 25 o C, and the obtained mixture was stirred for 1 hour. 2) The mixture was then isolated by centrifuge. The cake was washed with EA (6.9 L, 2.0V) and the filter cake was collected. 3) The filter cake was dried under vacuum at 70 o C for 16 hours to obtain 3.45 Kg of 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) as off-white solid. 1:1 Compound II tris salt (Form B) of Batch C was characterized by XRPD (FIG.6 and Table 5-1). The TGA results showed a weight loss of 3.7 % up to 150 °C (FIG.7A) and the DSC results (FIG.7B) showed two endotherms at 116.1 °C and 170.3 ºC (peak temperature). VH-XRPD was performed for a 1:1 Compound II tris salt (Form B) sample for further identification. The VH-XRPD indicated that the tris salt Form B converted to a new form at 10%RH with N2, which converted back after being exposed at ambient condition (40%RH). Combining the characterization results, it is believe that 1:1 Compound II tris salt (Form B) is a hydrate, which would dehydrate below ≤ 10%RH. Table 5-1 XRPD of 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) 5.1.2 Alternative Preparation Methods A mixture of free form of Compound II and Tris (molar ratio 1:0.95) in THF/MTBE (1:4, v:v) was stirred for 7 days, followed by vacuum drying at RT for ~3 hours to obtain 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) . Example 6. Preparations and Characterization of Crystalline Form of 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form G) 6.1 Preparation Method 15 mg of 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) was dissolved in 0.1 mL NMP to form a clear solution. CH 3 CN was added to the solution drop by drop. Precipitation was observed. The solids were isolated via centrifugation, heated to 105 ºC and then cooled to RT to obtain 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form G). The solid obtained was further characterized by XRPD (FIG.8 and Table 6-1). The TGA results (FIG.9) showed a weight loss of 11.75 % up to 150 °C. The DSC results (FIG.10) showed two endotherms at 50.9 °C and 129.5 °C (peak temperature). Table 6-1 XRPD of 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form G) Example 7. Characterization of Crystalline Form of 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) and 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) and 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) were evaluated by kinetic solubility, solid stability and solution stability. Freeform Compound II was also evaluated for comparison. Furthermore, the hygroscopicity of both salts was evaluated by DVS. 7.1 Kinetic Solubility Kinetic solubility was evaluated for 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A), 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B), and freeform of Compound II in water and three bio- relevant media (SGF, FaSSIF and FeSSIF) for 1/4/24 hours. 3~4 mg of solids were suspended in 3 mL each medium (solid loading: 1 mg/mL, calculated using freeform) to get a suspension, followed by rolling (25 rpm) at 37 ºC for 1/4/24 hours. At each time point, ~1.0 mL of suspension was sampled out for centrifugation (12000 rpm, 2 min) and filtration through 0.45 μm PTFE membrane to obtain supernatant for HPLC and pH tests, the residual solids were analyzed by XRPD. Detailed results were summarized in Table 7-1. Based on the results of solubility evaluation, 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) and 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) showed similar solubility profile in SGF, FaSSIF and FeSSIF, which was higher than that of freeform within 1 hour.1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) showed better solubility in H 2 O. The purity results were for reference only since the samples were all suspensions. Table 7-1 Summary of kinetic solubility test 7.2.1 Solid Stability Evaluation (I/II) To evaluate the physical and chemical stability of 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A), 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) and freeform, samples were stored under the conditions of 60 ºC for 1 day and 25 ºC/60%RH or 40 ºC/75%RH for 1 week, respectively. The solids were characterized using XRPD and HPLC, and the results were summarized in Table 7-2-1. As evidenced by XRPD results and HPLC chromatograms, no form change was observed after one week.1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) and 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) showed better chemical stability than freeform of Compound II. Table 7-2-1 Summary of solid stability evaluation (I/II) 7.2.2 Solid Stability Evaluation (II/II) The chemical stability of 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) and 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) was further evaluated at solid state, samples were stored under the ambient condition or 40 ºC/75%RH for 1 day and 3 days, respectively. The HPLC purity and weight purity were tested using HPLC in triplicate, and the results were summarized in Table 7-2-2. 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) and 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) showed similar chemical stability in the evaluated conditions. Table 7-2-2 Summary of solid stability evaluation (II/II) 7.3 Solution Stability Evaluation Solution stability was evaluated for 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) and 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) in SGF (pH 1.8) and pH 8.0 buffer at RT. Clear solutions were prepared at two concentrations (0.01 mg/mL, 0.05 mg/mL) and then placed at RT for 6 hours, 1/5 days or 6 hours, 1/3/7 days. Both salts showed better stability in pH 8.0 buffer, while the purity of the pH 1.8 solution decreased slightly after 1 day. The HPLC purity and pH value were tested and the results were summarized from Table 7-3-1 to Table 7-3-4. Table 7-3-1 Summary of solution stability evaluation for Citrate Salt (Form A) (I/II) Table 7-3-2 Summary of solution stability evaluation for Citrate Salt (Form A) (II/II) Table 7-3-3 Summary of solution stability evaluation for Tris Salt (Form B) (I/II) Table 7-3-4 Summary of solution stability evaluation for Tris Salt (Form B) (II/II) 7.4 Hygroscopicity To investigate the solid form stability as a function of humidity, DVS isotherm plots of 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A) and 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B) were collected at 25 ºC between 0%RH and 95%RH. The results were summarized in Table 7-4. For 1:1 Compound II Citrate Salt (Form A), a water uptake of 0.71% was observed at 25 ºC/80%RH. For 1:1 Compound II Tris Salt (Form B), the water uptake increased by 2.47% between 0% and 10%RH on the cycle 2 sorption curve. The water uptake increased by 0.97% from 10% to 80%RH and a platform was observed. No form change was observed for both salts after DVS test. Table 7-4 Summary of DVS test *: 2 According to European Pharmacopeia 10.0.