| US1356873A | 1920-10-26 | |||
| DE580C | ||||
| FR1202706A | 1960-01-12 | |||
| DE2400505A1 | 1975-07-24 | |||
| FR2330897A1 | 1977-06-03 |
| 1. | A sealing device for sealing a securing device which extends through adjacent flanges of a shell and of a head of a fluid container, said sealing device comprising in combi nation : annular sealing means through which the securing device extends such that said sealing means slidingly engages the securing device for sealing the securing device relative to the flange of the head ; annular carrier means through, which the securing device extends such that said sealing means is disposed between said carrier means and the flange of the head so that when said carrier means is moved axially along the securing device towards said sealing means, said sealing means is urged and distorted into sealing engagement between the securing device and the flange of the head; and said carrier means defining a conical recess for the reception therein of said sealing means such that when said carrier means is urged towards the flange of the head, said sealing means is distorted by reaction between said carrier means, the securing device and the flange of the head so that the securing device and the flange of the head are sealed relative to each other. |
| 2. | A sealing device as set forth in claim 1 wherein the securing device includes: a bol t which extends through aligned holes defined respectively by the flange of the shell and the flange of the head; a head of said bolt being disposed within the fluid container such that the bolt extends through the flanges of the shell and of the head; said bolt defining a threaded portion disposed remote from the head of the bolt and a shank portion dis¬ posed between said threaded portion and said head of said bol t. |
| 3. | A sealing device as set forth in claim 2 wherein said annular sealing means is an Oring seal . |
| 4. | A sealing device as set forth in claim 3 wherein said Oring seal slides axially along said shank portion. |
| 5. | A seal ng dev ce as set fo th in claim 4 wherein said Oring seal has a volume which is greater than the v'olu e of said conical recess defined by said carrier means, said shank portion and said flange of the head such that when said carrier means is urged towards the flange of the head, said Oring seal is distorted and urged within the conical recess for sealing the shank portion and flange of the head relative to each other. |
| 6. | A sealing device as set forth in claim 5 wherein said Oring seal has. an internal diameter which is greater than the external diameter of said threaded portion such that when said Oring seal is fitted over said threaded portion onto said shank portion, damage to said Oring i.s inhibited. |
| 7. | A sealing device as set forth fn claim 2 wherein said annular carrier means is an annular carrier member which de¬ fines a first and a second end face, said end faces being spaced and parallel relative to each other, said first end face abutting against the flange of the head; said securing device further including a nut threadably cooperating with said threaded portion and disposed adjacent to said second end face of said carrier means for urging said carrier means towards the flange of the head. |
| 8. | A sealing device as set forth in claim 7 wherein said annular carrier means defines an internal bore having a diameter which is greater than the external diameter of said shank portion thereby permitting said annular carrier means to slide axially along said shank portion towards the flange of the head. |
| 9. | A sealing device as set forth in claim 1 wherein said conical recess has an apex angle of substantially* 90. degrees with the apex of the conical recess being disposed away from the flange of the head in a direction from the flange of the head towards said carrier means and the base of the conical recess being coplanar with the flange of the head such that as said carrier means is urged towards the flange of the head, said sealing means is urged into sealing engagement between the flange of the head and the securing device,. |
| 10. | A sealing device for sealing a securing device which extends through adjacent flanges of a shell and of a head of a fluid container, said sealing device comprising in combin¬ ation : an Oring seal which is slidable axially along a shank portion defined by the securing device; an annular carrier member which is slidable axially along said shank portion of the securing device such that said Oring seal is disposed between said carrier member and the flange of the head; said carrier member having a first and a second end face, said first end face defining a conical recess for the reception therein of said Oring seal such that when said carrier member is urged along said shank portion towards the flange of the head, said Oring seal is distorted by re¬ action between said carrier member, said shank portion and the flange of the head so that said shank portion and the flange of the head are sealed relative to each other to inhibit any* leakage that may be occasioned by seepage of a fluid from within the fluid container through a gasket between the flanges, that would result in the fluid seeping along the securing device towards the sealing device. |
| 11. | A.sealing device for sealing a secur ng device which extends through adjacent flanges of a shell and of a head of a fluid container, said sealing device comprising in combin¬ ation : an Oring seal through which the securing device extends such that said 0ri.ng seal slidably engages the securing device for sealing the securing device relative to the flange of the head; an annular carrier member through which the securing device extends such that said Oring seal is disposed between said carrier member and the flange of the head. so that when said carrier member is moved axially along the securing device towards said Oring seal , said Oring seal is urged and distorted into sealing engagement between the securing device and the flange of the head ; said securing device including: a bolt having a head disposed within the fluid con¬ tainer, said bolt extending through a first and a second hole defined respectively by* the flanges of the shell and of the head; said bolt defining a threaded portion disposed re¬ mote from the head of the bolt and a shank. portion disposed between said threaded portion and said head of said bolt; a nut threadably cooperating with said threaded portion for urging said carrier member axially along said shank portion; and said carrier member defining a conical recess for reception therein of said Oring seal such that when said carrier member is urged by said nut towards the flange of the head, said Oring seal is distorted by reaction between said carrier member, said shank portion and the flange of the head so that said shank portion and the flange of the head are sealed relative to each other for inhibiting seepage of a fluid from within the fluid container past a gasket disposed between the flanges along said second hole and past said nut. |
DESCRIPTION IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO SEALING
OF BOLTED ASSEMBLIES IN FLUID CONTAINERS The present invention relates to a means of sealing * a bolt hole in a fluid containing assembly.
There are.many applications in industry where a bolted connection has to be effected between two parts and where this connection has to be sealed. One, for instance, is in the large diameter (typically 8 to 20 foot diameter) pressure vessel used as a dryer in paper- making installations, known within the paper trade as "Yank-ee Dryers" or "M.G. Cylinders". In such arrangements steam is introduced under pressure into the drying cylinder as a heat source whilst condensate is drawn out. Wet paper contacting the hot outside surface of the cyl¬ inder has some of its water content evaporated by the dryer. All such dryers, and other similar types of apparatus, suffer from the problem of steam leaking from the holes accommodating securing bolts used in assembling the dryer. For example, a pressure vessel such as the dryer of a paper-making machine installation has bolts passing through holes from the inside of a fluid chamber to the outside in order to secure a head to a shell of the . dryer. Even if a gasket is used in the joint between the head and the shell, a lead can occur through the bolt hole. In the past, the through hole has been sealed by the provision of an internal gasket located around the bolt shank and disposed between the bolt head or nut and the shell i.e. within the pressure vessel. Such an arrangement suffers from the disadvantage that if the sealant forming the gasket between the head and the shell should deteriorate, fluid could enter the bolt hole and leak out even though the gasket under the bolt head were intact. It is an aim of the present invention to solve the aforementioned problem.
According to the present invention there is provided a fluid containing assembly having a through hole passing between the exterior and the interior of the assembly, securing means received in said hole to secure together parts of the assembly, and hole sealing means to prevent fluid leakage put of the assembly from said hole, wherein said hole sealing means is disposed externally of the assembly, surrounding and in abutment with the exterior opening of said hole and in abutment with a shank of said securing means.
According to one embodiment of the invention the hole sealing means comprises an annular seal member which is received in an annular carrier member. The annular carrier member has parallel opposite end faces and an int- ernal bore, the internal bore being counterbored from one end face to define a recess receiving said annular seal member. Preferably, the annular seal member comprises an O-ring seal. Preferably, the recess is defined by a con¬ ical surface and .more preferably, the conical surface is bounded by the internal bore and the said one end face. The conical surface preferably has an apex angle of substantially 90°.
In use, the annular-seal member contacts the conical surface of the annular carrier member and is urged into contact with the shank of the securing means and the exterior face of the assembly. The said one end face of the annular carrier member is also preferably urged into abutment with said exterior face of the assembly out¬ wardly of the seal member. The dimension of the annular seal member in cross-section is such that, it cannot be freely received within the recess in the annular carrier member, i.e. distortion is necessary, and this distortion ensures abutment with the shank and the exterior of the assembly. Preferably, the securing means comprises a nut and a bolt, with the head of the bolt located internally, and the nut located externally. The annular carrier member is
received under the nut and serves as a washer. The bolt a annular carrier member are so dimensioned that the annular • seal member seats on the shank portion of the bolt. Preferably, the internal diameter of the annular seal memb is slightly larger than the external diameter of the bolt threads to avoid damage to the seal on fitting over the threaded section of the bolt.
It will be " appreciated that the use of a bolt and n could be replaced by any alternative mechanical equivalent The present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying draw¬ ings, in which:-
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a dryer showing one application of the present invention; • Figure 2 is a detailed view to an enlarged scale of the encircled portion A of Figure 1; and
Figure 3 is a detailed view to an enlarged scale of the encircled portion B of Figure 2.
Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 shows a dryer a used in a paper, machine. It comprises a shell 1 having a respective head 3 secured to each end to form a fluid container which is journalled for rotation about axis 5.. The shell 1 is cylindrical with a respective inturned flange 7 formed at each end. The head 3 has a flange 9 fo mating engagement with the inturned flange 7. The respective flanges of the shell and the head 7, 9 have a plurality of circu ferentially spaced through bores 11, 13 one of which is shown in more detail in Figure 2. Thus, the bores form a potential source of leakage for fluid from within the assembly. A further source of leakage is the joint between the head and shell flanges and this is ' sealed using any convenient sealant 15, which may be in th form of a preformed gasket or any other type of sealing compound. In the illustrated embodiment the assembly is held together by means of bolts 17 passing through the
respective bores in the shell and head and co-operating nuts 19. One such nut and bolt is illustrated in Figure 2. The bolt is arranged with its head 21 disposed within the ' assembly so that the thread and the nut is accessible externally.
In order to prevent, fluid within the assembly leaking from each bolt hole, hole sealing means is positioned externally of the assembly in abutment with the exterior opening of. each hole and in abutment with the shank of the securing means. The hole sealing means comprises an annular seal member 23 and an annular carrier member 25. The annular carrier member 25 has a recess 27 which receives the seal. member 23. As illustrated in Figure 2, the annular carrier member is interposed between the nut 19 and the exterior of the head flange 9. The arrangement is shown in greater detail in Figure 3 from which it will be seen that the annular carrier member has two opposite end faces 29, 31 which are parallel with one another, and an internal bore 33. The annular carrier member has a conical recess 35 in the preferred illustrated embodiment, which is defined by a counterbore formed in one end face 31 of ' the annular membe The conical surface is bounded on the one hand by the internal bore 33 and on the other by the end face 31. The end face 31 is arranged to be urged into abutment with the external surface of the head flange 9 when the nut 19 is in contact with the end face 29 of the annular carrier member. Thus, there is metal to metal contact between the nut and the head. Preferably the conical recess has a apex angle of 90°.
The annular seal member 23 comprises an O-ring seal , according to the preferred embodiment of the invention. The seal is larger in cross-section than the-size of the conical recess in the annular carrier member 25 so that on assembly, the seal member 23 is distorted and urged into contact with the external face of the head and into
i _
-5- contact with a shank portion 37 of the bolt 17 by virtue of its contact with the conical recess 35. Thus, the external opening of the hole 13 is sealed. Should the sealant 15 deteriorate between the hole 13 and the interio of the vessel, - no leakage will occur.
It will be seen that the diameter of the shank portion 37 is larger than the external diameter of the threaded portion 39 and this ensures that the O-ring seal is not damaged by the threaded portion on fitting. The O-ring seal has an internal diameter which is larger than the external diameter of the threaded portion 39.
In securing the assembly, the annular seal member * 23 and the annular carrier member 25 are fitted onto the end of the bolt shank portion 37 where it protrudes from the assembly. On tightening of the nut 19 against the annular member 25, the O-ring seal is urged into sealing contact with the shank 37 and the exterior face of the assembly. The annular member 25 is urged into contact with the same exterior face. In certain circumstances it may be required to insert an additional sealing gasket 41 between the head 21 of the bolt 17 and the internal face 43 of the shell flange 7 against which it takes its reaction.
The arrangement has the advantage that the bolt can be fastened from outside the pressure vessel; the thread of the bolt is outside the pressure vessel and so avoids seizure due to corrosion; if an O-ring fails it can be replaced without having to enter inside the pressure vessel; the O-ring is subject to negligible sliding movement during its compression; and once the joint is compressed with metal to metal contact, the force of clamping cannot be released due to O-ring deterioration.
Next Patent: GLIDING AND SEALING PAIR OF COMPONENTS