SECURITY DEVICE

The invention relates to security devices. More specifically, it relates to a method and a device for securing portable receptacles, as well as methods and systems for monitoring the status and providing information on the status of such devices and of such portable receptacles.

Background to the invention

Portable receptacles, particularly large scale portable receptacles, are commonly taken to a location and deposited for a period of time before later being removed, commonly to allow loading, filling, unloading or emptying of the receptacles. Such receptacles often lack means of locomotion, but are instead moved by an independent entity, the independent entity being temporarily attached to the portable receptacle, for example via the use of a chain of similar device. This is particularly the case where the portable receptacle lacks wheels, for example a portable refuse receptacle such as a skip.

In order to accommodate means for attaching a portable receptacle to an independent entity, portable receptacles are often provided with lugs. This facilitates the attachment of a portable receptacle to connecting means which in turn enable connection to an independent entity, thereby enabling the movement of the portable receptacle, commonly by lifting the receptacle. For example, in the case of a skip, lugs may be provided on the exterior of the skip, so that chains may be placed around these lugs so as to enable the skip to be moved. For example, chains may be placed around a pair of lugs symmetrically positioned on opposing sides such that an independent entity may lift at least one end of the skip allowing it to be dragged. Commonly, chains are attached to at least two pairs of lugs symmetrically positioned on opposing sides, the pairs being located at opposing ends of the receptacle, enabling the skip to be lifted so that it may be moved without contact with the ground. Alternatively, chains may be attached to three lugs, again enabling a skip to be lifted, particularly when empty.

It is clearly desirable to ensure that a portable receptacle remains at the deposited location until such time as it is required to be moved. However, this can prove problematic, particularly in instances where the receptacles are left unattended. This is especially so if left unattended in public places and/or in areas where a number of receptacles are used, particularly if similar receptacles are used by different parties. In such circumstances, there is considerable potential for errors to occur, leading to the erroneous movement or removal of such receptacles, or even their deliberate theft. There therefore exists a need to provide means by

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which erroneous or unauthorised movement of such receptacles can be prevented. Further, where such receptacles are licensed, it would be desirable to prevent the removal of unlicensed receptacles.

Statement of the invention

An aspect of this invention relates to a security device for securing objects. Preferably the security device comprises a device lockable to an object. Preferred embodiments comprise a security device capable of being locked to an object by deploying the security device on to an object and rotating the security device about the object or a part of the object.

One aspect of this invention relates to a security device for securing portable receptacles, liftable by one or more lugs comprising an apparatus lockable in a deployed position accommodating said lug. Particularly preferred embodiments comprise a security device for securing a portable refuse receptacle.

A further aspect of the present invention comprises a method of securing a portable receptacle, more preferably a portable refuse receptacle, liftable by one or more lugs, wherein a lockable security device is deployed in a position accommodating said lug.

Embodiments of the present invention may comprise a security device comprising a single unit. Alternatively, said security device may comprise two separate portions which may be joined together. Particularly preferred embodiments of such a device are those wherein the security device comprises two separate portions wherein said portions are hinged. Still more preferred embodiments are those in which the security device comprises two separate portions which are fixed together such that one portion may be rotated relative to the other.

Embodiments of the present invention comprise a security device capable of being locked in position by rotating the security device, or a part thereof, about the lug. Alternative embodiments comprise a security device comprising two separate portions and capable of being locked in position by bringing the separate portions together.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a security device for lockable deployment on an object, for example a portable construction, said device comprising: a housing (or body) provided with a rotatable part having an opening, the opening being of a predetermined shape such that the rotatable part is capable of receiving a shaped portion of the

object in a first rotational orientation, whilst in a second rotational orientation, said rotatable part is capable of engaging with the shaped portion of the object in such a manner as to prevent the removal of said device from said shaped portion; and locking means operable to lock said rotational part in a fixed orientation relative to said shaped portion of said portable construction.

In certain embodiments, the rotatable part of the security device may rotate independently of the housing. In preferred embodiments, the rotatable part may rotate relative tσ arraccommodating- part, said ^" accommodating ^" partijeing ^" alϊgned ^~ with ^~ the ^' opening of said ^" rotatable part such that when said rotatable part receives a shaped portion of the object, the shaped portion extending through the rotatable part, said accommodating part accommodating at least part of the shaped portion extending through the rotatable part, the accommodating part being effective to anchor the device such that at least the rotatable part may rotate relative to the accommodating part, hi embodiments comprising an accommodating part, said rotatable part may rotate independently of the housing, or alternatively both the rotatable part and the housing may rotate relative to the accommodating part, for example in embodiments in which the rotatable part is integral with the housing. Preferably said accommodating means is integral with a cap, which provides that when said security device is deployed on said lug, said lug is not exposed and is more preferably not visible.

In preferred embodiments of the invention, said locking means comprises at least two aspects, said first and second aspects being capable of acting in unison to lock said rotational part in a fixed orientation relative to said shaped portion of said object, wherein one aspect is associated with a first defined unit of the security device, and wherein a second aspect is associated with a second defined unit of the security device, said first defined unit of the security device being rotatable relative to said second defined unit. Said first defined unit may comprise said rotatable part and said second defined unit may comprise said housing. More preferably, said first defined unit comprises one of said rotatable part and said housing and said second defined unit comprises said accommodating part. Particularly preferred are embodiments in which said first defined unit comprises said rotatable part, said rotatable part being integral with said housing.

Embodiments of the present invention include a security device having a shape which prevents the attachment of lifting means to said device. Preferably, a security device according to the present invention has a sloping wall so as to prevent the attachment of lifting means to

said device. Preferably the terminating portion of the or each wall closely abuts or is flush with the receptacle.

Preferably, embodiments of the present invention may comprise a security device which when deployed in a position accommodating said lug is flush with the walls of said portable receptacle.

Preferred embodiments of the invention may comprise a casing, forming part of the exterior of the device, said casing being provided in order Jo house one ^r more _^ cpmppnents pϊ_ the device, for example one or more lights, communication means and/or location determining means. Where a casing is provided in order to house one or more lights, said casing is preferably transparent or translucent. The casing may preferably take the shape of a dome.

Preferably, a plurality of security devices are deployed on said portable receptacle. More preferably, first and second security devices are deployed on lugs on the same side of said portable receptacle. Alternatively, first and second security devices may be deployed on. diagonally opposed lugs of said portable receptacle, or security devices may be deployed on all lugs of the receptacle.

Additional embodiments of the present invention comprise a security device comprising a sleeve open at least two ends. Preferably, at least one of said openings comprises a recess such that the sleeve at said opening is wider than the central portion of the sleeve. More preferably, both openings possess a recess such that the sleeve at said openings is wider than the central portion of the sleeve.

Further embodiments of the present invention comprise a security device comprising a locking means. The locking means may comprise a catch means and a detent means. More preferably the locking means may operate by means of a deployable and retractable bolt. Where the security device comprises a rotational part and an accommodating part, the bolt may be located on one of the two parts, with a recess for accommodating the bolt located on the other part such that when the rotational part is in a particular orientation and the bolt is deployed, the bolt will move into and be accommodated by the recess. Preferably, the recess will be positioned such that it will only accommodate the bolt when the rotational part is in a predefined orientation. More preferably still, the bolt will be incapable of being deployed except when the rotational part is in a predefined orientation. Optionally, the locking means,

for example, one of the catch means and the detent means or the bolt, is operable by remote means. Preferably, said remote means comprises a solenoid, or a similar device.

Further embodiments of the invention comprise a security device comprising one or more lights. A preferred embodiment comprises a security device wherein one or more lights are light emitting diodes (LEDs). Preferably, each one or more lights can be set to emit light continuously or intermittently. A further preferred embodiment comprises a device wherein one or more lights are activated by means of a photocell when light levels diminish below a - predetermined ^' threshold. A ^" particularly "preferred embόdfment ^' compfrses i a ^ ^" secύrity ^' device for ^" securing portable receptacles, preferably portable refuse receptacles, comprising one or more lights. Preferably the device comprises a plurality of lights oriented such that they project light in different directions. An especially preferred embodiment comprises a security device comprising three or more lights arranged so that at least two of the said lights face opposing directions, whilst at least a third light faces a direction perpendicular to the axis prescribed between the at least two opposing lights. An especially preferred alternative embodiment comprises a security device comprising a light wherein the light emitted by said light is directed in a plurality of directions, said plurality of directions preferably forming a spread of at least 120 ° and more preferably a spread of at approximately 180°. A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a casing which forms part of the exterior of the device and which is provided in order to house one or more lights, said casing preferably being transparent or translucent. The casing may preferably take the shape of a dome. Preferably, the casing, whether dome-shaped or otherwise, comprises a plurality of facets, so as to emit light in a plurality of directions.

It should be noted that embodiments of the invention comprise a unit other than a security device which is, may be, is designed to be or comprises means for enabling the unit to be deployed on a portable receptacle, preferably a portable refuse receptacle, the said unit comprising one or more lights. Preferred embodiments are such units wherein said one or more lights comprise one or more of: light emitting diodes; activation by means of a photocell; the housing of one or more lights in a transparent or translucent casing, preferably a casing in the shape of a dome, preferably a casing, whether dome-shaped or otherwise, comprising a plurality of facets; and three or more lights arranged so that two of the said three lights face opposing directions, whilst the third light faces a direction perpendicular to the axis prescribed between the two opposing lights. Embodiments include such units which are, may be or are

designed to be deployed onto a lug of a portable receptacle, more preferably a portable refuse receptacle. Particularly preferred embodiments comprise such units comprising means for enabling the unit to be locked in position, more preferably such means comprise one or more of the locking means described herein.

Embodiments of the present invention may comprise a security device comprising communication means for transmitting status information relating to one or more of said security device and said portable receptacle. Preferred embodiments of the invention may "comprise: a casing ^" formmg ^" p ^" art ^" of ^" th ^~ e ^" exterior of the device, ^{" ~} saTd ^" casing being provided in order to house such communication means, possibly in addition to the housing of other components, for example the housing of one or more lights. The casing may preferably take the shape of a dome.

Yet further embodiments of the present invention comprise means for enabling an operator present at the location of said security device to transmit status information relating to one or more of said security device and said portable receptacle to a remote receiver.

Preferably, said means for enabling an operator present at the location of said security device to transmit status information comprises one or more buttons having specifically assigned functions. More preferably, said specifically assigned functions enable the transmission of information that said portable receptacle is one or more of: (i) being ready for collection ; and (ii) being ready to be replaced. A further preferred embodiment comprises means enabling said security device to itself transmit status information to a remote user. Such means may preferably comprise a tamper sensor. Further, such means may preferably comprise means for determining the location of said security device.

Embodiments of the present invention comprise a security device which may be locked in a deployed position such that the orientation of said security device when locked upon said lug ensures one or more antennae are positioned in a predetermined orientation.

It should be noted that embodiments of the present invention include a device other than a security device, for example comprising any of the communications means generally described herein. Preferably such a device may be fixed to an external surface of a receptacle. The device may be fixed to the receptacle in position such that the orientation of the device ensures one or more antennae are positioned in a pre-determined orientation. In one embodiment, the device may be fixed to the receptacle by means of an intermediary fixing

means, for example a bracket. Preferred embodiments include a device and/or an intermediary fixing means comprising any of the locking means described herein or other suitable locking devices. A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises the use of such a device in combination with a security device as described herein.

Embodiments of the present invention include a security device comprising a power supply. Preferably, there is provided a security device having a housing in first and second portions wherein the power supply for said security device is located in the first portion of said - security device and wherein any means ^" requiring power to be supplied is located in tfie second portion of said security device. Preferably, the device is equipped with conducting elements arranged to transfer power from the portion holding the power supply to the portion holding the means requiring power when the device is closed and/or locked. Preferably, said power supply may be charged when the portions of housing of said security device are open and/or unlocked. In embodiments of the present invention comprising at least one rotatable part in combination with an accommodating part integral with a cap, as described above, an opening may be provided in the cap to facilitate the charging of the power supply. Preferably, means for enabling the charging of the power supply are positioned at a location within the device such that the means for enabling charging is in communication with the opening in the cap only when the rotatable part is in a first orientation capable of receiving a part of the object, such that the power supply may only be recharged, when the rotatable part is in the first orientation. Preferably the locking mechanism is such that the device is unlocked when in this first orientation, for example where the locking device comprises a deployable bolt, the bolt is retracted, such that the power supply may only be charged when the device is unlocked.

A further aspect of the present invention comprises a method of monitoring the status of a portable refuse receptacle, providing location determining means and wireless communication means in association with said portable refuse receptacle.

Another aspect of the present invention comprises a portable refuse receptacle comprising location determining means and wireless communication means.

Optionally, in embodiments of the invention said location determining means and wireless communication means are attached to the exterior of said portable refuse receptacle. More preferably, said location determining means and wireless communication means are provided as comprising part of a device, more preferably a security device, wherein said

security device embodies further aspects of the invention. Preferred embodiments of the invention may comprise a casing, forming part of the exterior of the device, said casing being provided in order to house said location determining means and wireless communication means, possibly in addition to the housing of other components, for example the housing of one or more lights. The casing may preferably take the shape of a dome.

A further aspect of the present invention comprises a method of monitoring the location of a remote object comprising monitoring at least the location of a device, preferably a security device ^~ mechanically ^~ locked ^" to ^~ said ^' object: ^" A preferred ^" aspect of the ^" present ^" ihventioh comprises remotely interrogating a device so as to request the device to provide information and/or to activate a device in a quiescent state. Preferably, said device comprises location determining means and wireless communication means. More preferably, said device comprising means for enabling an operator present at the location of said device to transmit status information relating to one or more of said device and said remote object to a remote receiver. A preferred embodiment of this method comprises a device wherein said security device further embodies aspects of the invention.

A further aspect of the invention comprises a system for monitoring the status of a plurality of portable refuse receptacles by a plurality of users wherein each user has a predefined access permission, said access permission being defined in terms of a set of the plurality of portable refuse receptacles relating to that user.

A still further aspect of the invention comprises a method of monitoring the status of a plurality of portable refuse receptacles by a plurality of users wherein each user has a predefined access permission, said access permission being defined in terms of a set of the plurality of portable refuse receptacles relating to that user.

Still more preferably, embodiments of the security device comprising a rotatable part as described above may further comprise equipment capable of one or more of the location and or status monitoring functions described herein, and /or any other beneficial aspects, such as lighting. Particularly preferred embodiments are deployable on skips and portable toilets, although many other applications are envisaged.

Preferable embodiments of the invention comprise a plurality of portable refuse receptacles wherein said portable refuse receptacles further embody aspects of the invention.

A further aspect of the invention comprises a system for allowing users to monitor the status of a plurality of devices, preferably security devices, each locked to a remote object, by a plurality of users wherein each user has a predefined access permission and wherein said access permission is defined in terms of a set of the plurality of portable security devices relating to that user. Preferably said security devices further embody aspects of the invention.

An additional aspect of the invention comprises a method of monitoring by a plurality of users the status of a plurality of devices, preferably security devices locked to a plurality of remote ^" objects; ^" wherein each user has a predefined access permission, said access ^" permission being defined in terms of a set of the plurality of security devices relating to that user. Preferably said security devices further embody aspects of the invention. Still more preferably, said method of monitoring the status of a plurality of security devices locked to a plurality of remote objects further embodies aspects of the invention.

Figures

Figure 1 is a representation of the prior art, depicting a lug attached to a portable receptacle;

Figure 2 is a representation of the prior art and is a schematic representation of the top view of a lug attached to a portable receptacle;

Figure 3 is a representation of the prior art and is a front view of a typical lug;

Figure 4 is a representation of the prior art and is a top view of an example of a portable receptacle, being a skip with four lugs attached;

Figure 5 is one embodiment of a security device of the present invention, depicting the device in both open and closed positions;

Figure 6 is a side view of a security device of the present invention, depicting the position of an sleeve within such a device;

Figure 7 is a cross section of a security device of the present invention attached to a lug;

Figure 8 is an embodiment of the present invention which may be fixed in position by rotating a security device of the present invention about a lug.

Figure 9 is a depiction of the embodiment of Figure 8, showing the security device engaging with a lug.

Figure 10 is a further depiction of the embodiment of Figure 8, showing the security device engaging with a lug.

Figure 11 depicts a preferred embodiment of that depicted in Figure 8, further comprising a cap with a translucent casing.

Figure 12 depicts a rear view of the preferred embodiment of Figure 11.

Figure 13 depicts the body of a security device 8 of the preferred embodiment of Figure 11.

Figure 14 depicts a the cap of the preferred embodiment of Figure 11.

Figure 15 depicts a rear view of the cap of the preferred embodiment of Figure 11.

Figure 16 depicts an exploded view of the components of the preferred embodiment of Figure 11.

Figure 17 depicts a rear exploded view of the preferred embodiment of Figure 11.

Figure 18 depicts a power supply and electronic components of the preferred embodiment of Figure 11.

Figures 19-21 depicts a security device of the preferred embodiment of Figure 11 being deployed on and fixed to a lug of a portable receptacle.

Figure 22 is a further embodiment of a security device of the present invention;

Figure 23 is a depiction of the electrical systems included in one embodiment of a security device of the present invention;

Figure 24 depicts a system of the present invention for providing status information on a plurality of security devices and/or portable receptacles.

Figure 25 is a representation of the top view of a portable receptacle with two security devices attached, each security device comprising three lights, showing the directions each light is facing.

Figure 26 is an alternative representation of the top view of a portable receptacle with two security devices attached, each security device comprising three lights, showing the directions each light is facing.

Figure 27 is a representation of the top view of a security device, comprising a light housed in a transparent or translucent dome.

Specific embodiments

As previously noted, there exists in the prior art portable receptacles 2 with one or more lugs 4 attached, as depicted in Figures 1 to 4.

One aspect of the invention^ relatesjo a security device 8_ designed to accommodate a lug 4. The security device 8 is such that it can be deployed in a position accommodating the lug 4 and subsequently removed. Whilst deployed in a position accommodating the lug 4, the security device may be locked, for example, via locking means 28 and 30, preventing it from being removed from its deployed position accommodating a lug 4. Whilst in position, the security device 8 prevents lifting means from being attached to a lug 4, preventing the portable receptacle 2 from being moved.

In order to accommodate a lug 4, security device 8 is typically provided with a sleeve 10 so as to accommodate the lug. Security device 8 may be provided in two separate portions, 12 and 14, the said sleeve 10 being defined when the portions 12 and 14 are brought together. One advantage of providing a security device 8 having separate portions 12 and 14 is that this enables security device 8 to be placed over the lug prior to the portions 12 and 14 being brought together, increasing the ease with which security device 8 may be deployed in position, and enabling security device 8 to better accommodate lugs 4 of different shapes. Once portions 12 and 14 are brought together, they may be locked into position. Advantageously, portions 12 and 14 may be joined by hinged means 16.

In any of the described embodiments, sleeve 10 may be any shape necessary to accommodate a lug 4. The sleeve 10 may comprise one or two openings, 18 and 20. The provision of the second opening 20 more easily enables the accommodation of lugs 4 comprising protruding outer portions 6. Each opening 18 and 20 may advantageously be provided with recesses 22 and 24, said recesses 22 and 24 comprising parts of the sleeve 10, each recess 22 and 24 being wider than the central portions of the sleeve 10, thereby enabling the security device 8 to more easily accommodate a range of lugs 4 wherein said lugs 4 possess protruding outer portions 6 of different shapes and/or protruding connecting portions 26 of different shapes.

The security device 8 may be shaped so as to further enhance the ability of the security device to prevent the attachment of connecting means which would otherwise enable the movement of the portable receptacle 2. For example, the walls of the security device 8 may be sloped. Additionally, the security device 8 may be shaped so as to be flush with the walls of the portable receptacle 2 when deployed so as to accommodate the lug 4, as depicted in Figure 7.

An alternative embodiment of the invention is a security device 8, as depicted in __Figures.8 andJL In .thisjemhαdimenVaJbody. of .the-security. device- 8- comprises an- opening defined by sleeve 10, which is rotatable. In this embodiment, the rotatable aspect is the entire body of the secutity device 8, although as will be apparent to the person skilled in the art, the body of the secutity device 8 could comprise an aspect capable of rotation independent of the body of the secutity device 8 .

The opening of sleeve 10 mounted inside the body of the security device 8 is of a shape such that it may only receive a lug 4, when the sleeve 10 and the outer portion 6 of the lug 4 are in an aligned orientation. In this case this is because the outer portion 6 of the lug 4 has a similar, non-radially symmetrical, shape to the opening of the sleeve 10. Thus, when security device 8 is placed over lug 4 to an extent sufficient for the outer portion 6 of the lug 4 to pass though the sleeve 10, with sleeve 10 then being rotated about the lug 4, the misalignment of correspondingly shaped outer portion 6 and the opening of sleeve 10 interfere such that an attempt to remove the security device 8 from the lug 4, without first rotating to achieve the necessary alignment, will bring the internal terminating end 11 of sleeve 10 into contact with the protruding outer portion 6 of lug 4 such that security device 8 is prevented from being removed from lug 4. This rotational arrangement is depicted in Figure 9.

A preferred enhancement of this embodiment can be seen in Figure 10 in which the security device 8 further includes a accommodating part , for example a collar 17, capable of accommodating the outer portion 6 of the lug 4 when the outer portion 6 has passed through the opening of sleeve 10. Collar 17 is connected to security device 8 such that sleeve 10, and in some embodiments the body of security device 8, may be rotated relative to collar 17. A suitable rotatable connection may be achieved by a variety of mechanical supporting means evident to one skilled in the art. In Figure 15, collar 17 is depicted as having an opening of a shape capable of accepting the outer protruding portion 6 of a lug 4, and through which the portion 6 may pass when the device 8 is moved over the lug in the afore-described manner. However, it will be evident to one skilled in the art that collar 17 may instead utilise a variety

of means for accommodating the outer portion 6 of lug 4, as would be evident to one skilled in the art. In one rotational orientation of collar 17 relative to sleeve 10, the opening of collar 17 is in line with sleeve 10 so as to enable the outer portion 6 of lug 4 to be passed through sleeve 10 and also through the opening in the collar 17. The sleeve 10 may then be rotated so as to adopt a rotational orientation preventing the removal of the security device 8 from the lug 4, whilst the collar 17 is incapable of any significant (or any) rotational movement due to the interference created by the collar's accommodation of the outer portion 6 of lug 4.

Aa adaptation. of this_embQdimentis-sho.wnJn_Eigures-l-L to-20, in-which- collar- 17 is provided as being integral with a cap 80. This provides the further advantage that when deployed on to a lug 4, security device 8 leaves no aspect of lug 4 visible or exposed. In this particular example, there is a translucent casing 86 attached to the outer side of the cap (as seen in Figure 11, for housing lights 39 and a variety of other electronic equipment.

The cap is shown in Figures 14 and 15. The cap comprises a smooth external surface, as seen in Figure 14. However, the internal surface of the cap, shown in Figure 15, comprises collar 17. When security device 8 is deployed onto a lug 4, collar 17 will engage with the outer portion of the lug 6, such that the cap is anchored in its original orientation, whilst the body of security device 8 can be rotated relative to both cap 80 and lug 4. By attaching casing 86 to cap 80, this ensures that casing 86 will also be anchored in a predefined orientation, providing the advantage that any electrical equipment contained therein, such as lights 39, antenna 63 and/or solar panel 68 remain in their optimum rotation.

Cap 80 also comprises a pair of ridges 88. When the cap 80 is secured to security device 8, the ridges on the cap 88 engage with ridges 84 within the body of security device 8, the external faces of ridges 88 coming into contact with the internal faces of ridges 84. This secures the cap in place. However, because both pairs of ridges 84 and 88 are each present at less than 50% of the circumference of the interior of security device 8 and cap 80 respectively, the cap 80 can be removed from the body of the security device 8, by rotating either the cap 80 or the securirty device 8 to a position where ridges 84 and 88 no longer engage. This is clearly undesirable when the security device 8 is deployed on a lug 4, and is prevented by securing pin 82. Securing pin 82 is fixed in the body of security device 8. Securing pin 82 protrudes through the body of security device 8 such that the front end of securing pin 82 emerges from the body of security device 8 through the opening 89. This enables the front end of securing pin 82 to engage with the recess 90 in cap 80. This ensures that the body of security device 8 can only rotate relative to cap 80 to a limited degree, because at the extremes of the permissible

orientations, the front end of securing pin 82 will come into contact with either of the ends of recess 90, preventing further rotational movement. This provides that when securing pin 82 is in place, cap 80 can not be rotated relative to the body of security device 8 into an orientation where ridges 88 and 84 can no longer engage each other, such that when securing pin 82 is in place, cap 80 can not be removed from the body of security device 8.

In addition the presence of securing pin 82 limits the degree of rotation of the body of security device 8 when deployed on a lug 4 (via the above described engagement of recess 90), further, increasing theLsecurity, for. example to. prevent greater than 90° rotation of the body- of security device 8, so as to prevent the body of the device being rotated relative to the cap to a degree sufficient to enable removal of the device 8 from the lug 4 due to the realignment of sleeve 10 and the opening of collar 17. This is particularly secure as when security device 8 is deployed on a lug 4, locking pin 82 is entirely contained by security device 8 such that locking pin 82 can not be removed or tampered with.

However, as would be evident to one skilled in the art, any suitable means of ratable connection may be used.

In any of the above embodiments, locking means may be provided so as to lock the sleeve 10 in an orientation which prevents removal of security device 8 from lug 4. The locking means may consist of two parts, 28 and 30. The positioning of parts 28 and 30 will depend on the particular embodiment at hand. For example: where the sleeve 10 rotates relative to the body of the security device 8, one part 28 may be associated with the body, whilst the other part 30 may be associated with the sleeve; alternatively, where the sleeve 10 rotates relative to the collar 17, one part 28 may be associated with the collar, whilst the other part 30 may be associated with the sleeve; still further, where the body of the security device 8 rotates relative to the collar 17, one part 28 may be associated with the body, whilst the other part 30 may be associated with the collar. Parts 28 and 30 may be catch 36 and detent 38 means, so that, by way of example, in the last described arrangement, one of catch 36 and detent 38 means may be provided on collar 17, with a corresponding catch 36 or detent 38 means being provided within the body of security device 8. The catch 36 and detent 38 means engage when the body of security device 8 is rotated relative to collar 17 such that the catch and detent means engage, and therefore lock, when the opening of collar 17 and sleeve 10 are misaligned to a degree sufficient to prevent the removal of a security device 8 from a lug 4. Alternatively, locking means 28 may act so as to project a bolt into a receiving location, such as recess 37. The receiving location may be provided on collar 17, or in embodiments in

which collar 17 is integral with cap 80, the receiving location may be provided on cap 80, the receiving location being positioned such that the bolt is projected into the receiving location when the body of security device 8 is rotated relative to collar 17 such that the opening of collar 17 and sleeve 10 are misaligned to a degree sufficient to prevent the removal of a security device 8 from a lug 4. The triggering of the projection of the bolt may be achieved by a key based means 32, or by means for triggering the projection of the bolt automatically upon rotation of the device, as would be evident to one skilled in the art, or by any other means evident to one skilled in the art. Alternatively or additionally, any of the locking means described herein may be provided, or any other suitable locking means.

Figures 19-21 show the embodiment depicted in Figures 11-18 being deployed on a lug 4. The security device 8 is placed over lug 4 and in particular the outer portion 6 of lug 4 (Figure 19). As part of this process, the lug 4 passes through sleeve 10 contained in the body of security device 8, such that the outer portion 6 of lug 4 engages with the collar 17 forming part of cap 80. The outer portion 6 of lug 4 thereby anchors cap 80, such that the body of security device 8 may be rotated around lug 4 and relative to cap 80, with cap 80 and outer casing 86 remaining in the same orientation (Figure 20). With the body of security device 8 in this new orientation, sleeve 10 can now no longer pass over the outer portion 6 of lug 4, such that security device 8 can not be removed from lug 4. The security device may then be locked in this orientation via key means 32, such that the body of security device 8 can not be rotated to its original orientation in which sleeve 10 can pass over the outer portion 6 of lug 4 (Figure 21). Security device 8 is therefore fixed on lug 4 until being unlocked via key means 32.

As can be seen in Figures 19-21, the wall of the security device are sloped and the security device 8 is shaped so that it is flush with the walls of the portable receptacle 2 when deployed on to lug 4, so as to enhance the ability of the security device to prevent the attachment of connecting means to the portable receptacle 2.

In deploying the security device 8, it is advantageous to deploy security devices 8 in pairs, so as to prevent the attachment of lifting means to any of the lugs 4 of the portable receptacles. Given that portable receptacles are often lifted by one or more pairs of lugs symmetrically positioned on opposing sides, the deployment of a security device 8 on to one of the lugs of such a pair of lugs may be sufficient to prevent lifting means being operably attached. As portable receptacles often comprise a pair of lugs symmetrically positioned on opposing sides at each of two opposing ends, it is advantageous to deploy a pair of security devices 8 on, a pair of lugs on the same side of the portable receptacle or alternatively on

diagonally opposed lugs 4 of a portable receptacle 8, thereby preventing lifting means from being operably attached to either of the two pairs of lugs 4.

The security device 8 may be locked in placed by means of a locking means 28 and 30. Such locking means 28 and 30 may be activated when the body of security device 8 is rotated relative to collar 17. In an alternative embodiment, locking means may be activated automatically when the portions 12 and 14 of a security device 8 are brought together. In yet further embodiments, locking means 28 and 30 may be activated automatically when security device _8 is. deployed in a positiorL.accommodating lug 4, or- locking- means~28 and 30 may- require one or more additional actions in order to lock security device 8 in position. Locking means 28 and 30 may be deactivated (and possibly activated) by means of a conventional key based mechanism 32. Alternatively, or in addition to such a key based mechanism 32, an additional means for deactivating (and possibly activating) locking means 28 and 30 may be provided, for example via the use of solenoid 34, or similar device. For example, in the embodiment depicted in Figures 8, 9, 10 and 22, lock means 28 and 30 provide a catch 36 and a detent 38, with a key means 32 being provided to operate catch 36 whilst a solenoid 30 is used to operate detent 38. In this regard, either key means 32 or solenoid means 34 can be used to deactivate (or possibly activate) locking means 28 and 30. This is particularly advantageous if security device 8 is further provided with a power supply 40 connected to a communication unit 42, said communication unit 42 being further connected to solenoid 34. In this case, a remote user can communicate with security device 8, such that the remote user can remotely activate solenoid 34 enabling the remote deactivation (or activation) of locking means 28 and 30. Such a remote activation can be provided so as to be required in addition to or instead of deactivation/activation of the locking means 28 and 30 by a user present at the same location as security means 8.

In the embodiments depicted in Figures 8-22, it is advantageous to provide locking means capable of locking the device only when the device is deployed on a lug 4. It is also advantageous to provide locking means capable of locking the device in two rotational orientations, one such rotational orientation occurring when the opening of collar 17 and sleeve 10 are misaligned to a degree sufficient to prevent the removal of a security device 8 from a lug 4, the other rotational orientation being such that the opening of collar 17 is in line with sleeve 10 so as to enable the outer portion 6 of lug 4 to be passed through sleeve 10 and also through the opening in the collar 17. The advantage of locking the device in this latter

orientation ensures that the device is immediately ready for deployment, such that an operator deploying the device does not first have to rotate the device to the correct orientation.

The security device 8 may additionally comprise one or more lights 39. The provision of one or more lights 39 is particularly advantageous when the security device 8 is deployed on a portable receptacle or any other object which is legally required to comprise one or more lights. Advantageously, a light 39 may be a light emitting diode, which offers greater energy efficiency. The one or more lights 39 may optionally be activated by a photocell 41 either as an _ alternative to or instead of manual operation. This enables a light to-be activated in response to - a particular light level in the surrounding environment. Further, each one or more lights can be set to emit light continuously or can alternatively be set to emit light intermittently, so as to flash.

A further advantage is obtained when a plurality of lights are provided, such that they project light in different directions. For example, in the embodiment depicted in Figures 16 and 18, the lights 39 are arranged to emit light in a 180° radius. Particularly advantageous is an arrangement wherein at least three lights 39 are provided wherein at least two lights 39 face opposing directions, whilst the at least a third light 39 faces a direction perpendicular to the axis prescribed between the two opposing lights. This arrangement is depicted in Figure 25 and is advantageous in that it provides a light 39 which is visible when approaching the security device 8 (and when deployed, the object to which the security device is attached) from any of at least three directions. When security device 8 is deployed on to a portable receptacle, these three directions will be the only directions from which the security device 8 is likely to be approached, as a potential fourth direction will be blocked by a portable receptacle to which the security device is deployed, and a possible fifth and sixth direction of approach would be unlikely as this would constitute an approach from above or below. A preferred embodiment comprises a security device comprising a plurality of lights wherein the light emitted by said light is directed in a plurality of directions, said plurality of directions preferably forming a spread of at least 120 ° and more preferably a spread of at approximately 180°. This may be achieved via the use of reflectors. Alternatively, the spread of the emitted light may be increased by the use of reflectors and/or by housing said light in a transparent or translucent casing forming part of the exterior of the device, for example a dome, as shown in Figure 27, such that a wider field of emission is obtained. In the embodiment depicted in Figures 11-22, the lights 39 are housed within a translucent casing 86. The translucent casing comprises a series of different facets 92, as shown in Figure 17. The multi-faceted nature of translucent

casing 86 increases the field of emission of the light. Preferably said field would be at least 120 and more preferably a field of approximately 180° or greater. This may also provide the advantage of visibility from any likely direction of approach. Further, if multiple security devices 8 comprising one of the advantageous embodiments described above are deployed on to a portable receptacle , then one or more lights will be visible from any direction from which the portable receptacle is likely to be approached (as shown in Figure 25). In particular, the position of the security devices 8 may be dictated by legal requirements, given that the requisite spread of light may be dictated by the laws of the jurisdiction in which the security devices 8 are deployed. For example, when a portable receptacle 2 is located at the edge of a road, one or more security devices 8 may be deployed on the side of the portable receptacle 2 opposing the side of the portable receptacle adjacent to the edge of the road, so as to ensure that the portable receptacle is visible to traffic approaching from either direction of the road. This is depicted in Figure 26, wherein security devices 8 are deployed at both ends of the side of the portable receptacle 2 opposing the side of the portable receptacle adjacent to the edge of the road, so that the placement and use of the portable receptacle 2 is compliant with UK law. As would be apparent to the person skilled in the art, a range possible deployments of security devices 8 may be used in order to comply with the particular laws of a jurisdiction.

It will be apparent that when the object to which the security device is deployed is other than a portable receptacle, the same advantage may be achieved by an alternative configuration of lights 39, comprising more or less than 3 lights deployed in any orientation as required by the shape and positioning of both the security device and the object to which the security device is deployed.

Is should be noted that the present invention encompasses the provision of a unit other than a security device 8 which is, may be, or is designed to be or comprises means for enabling the unit to be deployed on a portable receptacle, and preferably a portable refuse receptacle. Such a unit may comprise any of the advantageous aspects provided in relation to a security device comprising one or more lights, and in particular may comprise one or more lights comprising one or more of: light emitting diodes; activation by means of a photocell; the housing of one or more lights in a transparent or translucent casing; and three or more lights arranged so that two of the said three lights face opposing directions, whilst the third light faces a direction perpendicular to the axis prescribed between the two opposing lights. Preferable embodiments comprise such units which are, may be or are designed to be deployed onto a lug of a portable receptacle, more preferably a portable refuse receptacle. Particularly

preferred embodiments comprise such units comprising means for enabling the unit to be locked in position, more preferably when the such means comprise any of the locking means described in relation to a security device 8.

Advantageously, devices embodying the invention are provided with a communication unit 42. In preferred embodiments, the communication unit may be located within a casing 86 comprising part of the exterior of the device. Such a casing may preferably take the shape of a dome. The provision of a communication unit 42 enables additional advantageous features to be.provided, particularly-if communication device 42- enables 2-way communication between a remote user and the security device 8, as this enables a user present at the location of security device 8, or security device 8 itself to provide a remote user with status information relating to either the security device 8 or the portable receptacle 2 to which said security device 8 is attached. For example, security device 8 may be provided with buttons 44, buttons 44 being connected with communications unit 42 such that a user present at the location of security device 8 can operate buttons 44 so as to provide information to communications unit 42, communications unit 42 relaying such information to a remote user. Such information may for example relate to status information regarding the portable receptacle 2. Such status information could enable a remote user to be notified when a portable receptacle should be collected or alternatively replaced. Where such specific instructions are required, simple buttons 44 may be provided, each button 44 being assigned a specific function, such that activation of said button 44 relays pre-defined information to a remote user. Such information may indicate, for example, that the portable receptacle is ready for collection or removal. Alternatively, a keypad may be provided instead of or in addition to buttons 44, enabling the relaying of more complex and variable information.

In addition, security device 8 can be provided with means of relaying status information to a remote user independently of any user located ⁰ at the position of security device 8. Security device 8 may be provided with a variety of sensors to relay such information. For example a tamper sensor 46 may be provided to enable the security device 8 to detect unauthorised tampering with security device 8. Tamper sensor 46 may be connected to communications unit 42 enabling tamper sensor 46, when activated, to relay information regarding the activation of tamper sensor 46 to communications unit 42, which in turn can relay information regarding the activation of tamper sensor 46 to a remote user. This thereby enables a remote user to be alerted to the unauthorised tampering with of one of its security devices 8. The tamper sensor 46 may also be connected to an alarm 48 such that the activation

of tamper sensor 46 in turn activates the alarm 48, so as to warn of the unauthorised tampering with of security device 8 at the location of which security device 8 is positioned. Alarm 48 may comprise light means, sound means or any other means capable of alerting those in the vicinity of security device 8, or any combinations thereof. Alarm 48 may also be connected to communications unit 42 enabling a remote user to deactivate (or alternatively activate) alarm 48 from a position remote to the location of security device 8.

A further means by which security device 8 can itself relay status information to a remote, user is_via the provision of location determining means-50. - Location determining means 50 may, for example, compromise, a global positioning system (GPS) unit. Location determining means 50 may be connected to communication unit 42 such that location determining means 50 can receive data relating to the location of security device 8 which it in turn relays to communications unit 42, communication unit 42 in turn relaying said status information relating to the location of security device 8 to a remote user.

In each of the above cases, communications device 42 may relay additional information in conjunction with such status information, such additional information for example including means for identifying a particular security device or portable receptacle, e.g. by relaying a serial number or the like in conjunction with said status information.

Figure 23 depicts an embodiment of a communications unit 42. Communication with a remote user is achieved via the provision of communication means 52, said communication means 52 being, for example, a general packet radio service (GPRS) means. Communications means 52 is in turn connected to a microprocessor 54. Microprocessor 54 controls the relaying to and receipt of information from a remote user, hi addition microprocessor 54 is connected to the various input signals, for example collection and exchange buttons 44 (and/or any keypad), tamper sensor 46 and location determining means 50, as well as being connected to any output devices such as alarm 48 and lock solenoid 34. Microprocessor 54 therefore coordinates the input of signals from a remote user, a user present at the location of security device 8 and any inputs provided by security device 8 itself and enables appropriate outputs in response to such inputs, such outputs being the provision of information to a remote user, the provision of information to those located in the vicinity of security device 8 (for example via alarm 48) or by changing the status of security device 8 (for example by locking or unlocking security device 8 via activation of locking means 28 and 30).

In the preferred embodiment depicted in Figures 11-22, the communication unit 42 comprising communication means 52, the location determining means 50 and the microprocessor 54 are comprised in unit 62, attached via circuit board 60 to antenna 63, and switches 64 and 66. A rechargeable power supply is also attached to circuit board 60, as shown in Figure 18 (but not depicted in Figures 16 or 17 for reasons of clarity). A charge socket 41 is provided for charging the power supply, as well as a solar panel 68 to trickle charge the power supply. The circuit board 60, and therefore microprocessor 54, may additionally be connected to any of the other electronic devices detailed above, such as buttons 44, tamper sensors 46, output devices 48 and/or solenoid 34, although this has not been depicted

As noted above, the preferred embodiment depicted in Figures 11-21 incorporates circuit board 60 and connected electronic aspects of the device, including unit 62, lights 39, antenna 63 and solar panel 68 in the casing 86. The casing 86 is attached to cap 80, cap 80 being anchored in a predetermined orientation when security device 8 is deployed on lug 4. This ensures that casing 86 will also be anchored in a predefined orientation, providing the advantage that any electrical equipment contained therein, such as lights 39, antenna 63 and/or solar panel 68 remain in their optimum orientation

This advantage may also be provided by the shape of security device 8, particularly when security device 8 comprises halves 12 and 14 connected by hinge 16, as the shape of security device 8 can be configured so as to be deployable in only one orientation when accommodating lug 4.

By controlling the orientation of security device 8, or the relevant part thereof, when deployed to accommodate lug 4, location determining means 50 and communication means 52 can be positioned within security device 8 such that any antennae or other appropriate means of transmitting and receiving information can be positioned vertically upwards and away from the ground. This improves the ability of said location determining means 50 and communication means 52 to transmit and receive signals. This may be particularly advantageous in areas in which signals tend to be weak, for example in urban areas in relation to GPS signals. In addition, by providing location determining means 50 and communication means 52 in a device 8 which is designed to be attached to the exterior of another device (for example portable receptacle 2), rather than being incorporated internally, disruption of the signals to and from location determining means 50 and communication means 52 by a device such as a portable receptacle 2 can be minimised. This is particularly advantageous when location determining means 50 and communication means 52 are attached to a device such as a portable

receptacle 2 which comprises large quantities of metal, (for example, a skip) as this can be particularly disruptive to signals.

Alternative advantageous embodiments of the present invention include a device other than a security device for example comprising any of the communications means generally described herein. It is preferable to fix such a device to an external surface of a receptacle for the reasons mentioned above, namely so as to prevent the disruption of signals. Also, a device may advantageously be fixed to the receptacle in position such that the orientation of the device, ensures., one ot more., antennae are, positioned in. a prer determined- orientation. In. one- embodiment, the device may be fixed to the receptacle by means of an intermediary fixing means, for example a bracket. Embodiments include a device and/or an intermediary fixing means comprising any of the locking means described herein or other suitable locking devices. Advantageously such a device can be used in combination with a security device as described herein. This can be advantageous as it can enable any of the advantageous features associated with a communication means to be provided, whilst enabling the security device to be of a more simple construction.

As depicted in Figure 22, it can be advantageous to provide power supply 40 in one half 14 of security device 8 and provide elements requiring power in the other half 12 of security device 8. In such an arrangement, the supply of power can be provided via a connection 56 spanning the halves 12 and 14, such that power can only be supplied when the two halves are brought together. This has the advantage of saving the battery life of the power supply as the elements requiring power will only be so supplied when the halves are closed, which should only be necessary when security device 8 is deployed in a position accommodating lug 4.

A further advantage of providing a power supply 40 in a separate half 14 is that this may enable easier charging of power supply 40, as charging of the power supply 40 may be achieved when the halves 12 and 14 are separated such that security device 8, and particularly power supply 40, may be easily connected to a charging unit.

The provision of a location determining means 50 confers additional advantages in that it enables the location of a security device 8 to be monitored such that any movement of security device 8 may be continuously (or intermittently) remotely observed. It will be evident that there are advantages to providing a location determining means 50 in combination with communication unit 42 to a portable refuse receptacle, even in the absence of a security device

8, for example in order to monitor the movements of such a receptacle which has been erroneously or unauthorisedly moved. An embodiment of the present invention therefore relates to the provision of a method of monitoring the status of a portable refuse receptacle via the provision of said receptacle with location determining means 50 connected to a communication unit 42, said communication unit 42 comprising communication means 52 and a microprocessor 54, wherein said microprocessor 54 coordinates the input of information from location determining 50 and the output of information to a remote user via communication means 52. Location determining means 50 and communication means 52 may for example be a GPS unit and a GPRS unit respectively. As previously noted, it is advantageous to provide location determining means 50 and communication means 52 in a unit which is attached to the exterior of a portable refuse receptacle so as to improve the receipt and transmission of signals. In addition, it is advantageous to provide location determining means 50 and communication means 52 in a unit which may only be orientated in such a manner that the antennae or similar devices relating to location determining means 50 and communication means 52 are orientated vertically upwards and away from the ground when attached to said receptacle. Such a unit may additionally comprise any of the advantageous featuring previously cited in relation to the security device 8, said unit including the possibility of (but not being limited to) being a security device 8.

It will further be evident that the provision of location determining means 50 and communication unit 42 in a lockable security device has advantages beyond those provided by attaching a lockable security device to the lug 4 of a portable receptacle. Consequently, it is a further embodiment of the invention to provide a method of monitoring the location of a remote object comprising monitoring the location of said remote object by monitoring the location of a security device comprising location determining means 50 and communication unit 42 when said security device is mechanically locked to said remote object. Again, said communication unit 42 may comprise a communication means 52 linked to a microprocessor 54 which is in turn linked to location determining means 50, microprocessor 54 coordinating the input of signals from location determining means 50 and relaying information via communication means 52 to a remote user. It will be appreciated that any of the advantageous features previously disclosed in relation to security device 8 may also be advantageously incorporated into a lockable security device of this embodiment. Particularly advantageous is the inclusion within this embodiment of means to provide further status information. This is especially so when this includes means enabling a user present at the same location as a

lockable security device to transmit status information regarding the lockable security device or the remote object. For example buttons may be provided, the activation of which triggers the relay of assigned specific information. Additionally, a keypad may be provided, enabling the relaying of more complex and variable information.

In relation to any of the previously described embodiments incorporating the ability to relay status information to a remote user, it is a further embodiment of the present invention to provide a system enabling a plurality of remote users to access specific information relating to a plurality of remote objects.. This embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 24. A plurality of remote objects 100 relay status information to and from a wireless communication unit 102. Remote objects 100 may be a plurality of security devices 8, a plurality or lockable security devices, a plurality of portable refuse receptacles, or a combination thereof. Communication unit 102 may, for example, be a GPRS unit or any other suitable device. Communication unit 102 is connected to a web server 104 which is in turn connected to an application server 106 comprising application software 108, said application server 106 being in turn connected to a database 110. In this manner, status information from plurality of remote objects 100 can be transferred into database 110. It will be apparent that alternative means may be provided for transfer of information from a plurality of remote objects 100 to database 110, for example connecting communication unit 102 directly to the application server 106, providing means for a user to directly enter information into a database (whether in response to information received from plurality of remote objects 100, or otherwise) or any combination thereof.

In addition to being connected to wireless communication unit 102, web server 104 is also linked to a wire-based communication unit 112. Both communication units 102 and 112 transmit information via a communications network 114 to a plurality of users 116. The communications network 114 and all connections between communication units 102 and 112, web server 104, application server 106 and database 110 are two-way. This enables information to be transmitted between users 116 and database 110, between users 116 and one or more of the plurality of remote objects 100, and between the plurality of units 100 and database 110.

It is envisaged that each of the plurality of users 116 will have responsibility for the management of a particular set of the plurality of remote objects 100. As such, it is further envisaged that data relating to the remote objects 100 within each set be grouped together within database 110 (albeit being individually accessible) and that each end user be provided

with a predefined access permission enabling the accessing of information relating to only that set of remote objects 100. Additionally, the predefined access permission will enable direct communication with only the. remote objects within the set of the plurality of remote objects 100 for which the specific user 116 has responsibility for.

The provision of two communication units 102 and 112 provides users 116 with multiple means for communicating with database 110 or remote objects 100. This has advantages in that it may allow office based users 116 to communicate via the internet via communication- unit 112,— whilst allowing— users- 1-16- in_ the- field,- for example- drivers- responsible for transporting portable refuse receptacles, to send and request information via for example mobile phones. Nevertheless, it will be apparent that only one such communication means is necessary to enable users 116 to transmit and receive information, and that this may be either a wireless unit 102 or a wired unit 112 (although a wireless unit 102 is required in any event for communication with remote objects 100).

Embodiments, devices, systems and methods of the present invention are often described herein with reference to portable receptacles, in particular portable refuse receptacles. It should be noted that the devices, systems and methods embodied by this invention may also be applied to other objects, in particular other portable constructions, and that the application of embodiments, devices, systems and methods of the invention to objects and in particular portable constructions other than portable receptacles comprise further embodiments of the invention. In particular, the invention embodies the provision of devices, particularly security devices as described herein for deployment on to portable constructions, especially portable constructions lacking means of locomotion and in particular portable constructions lacking wheels. One example of such a portable construction is a portable toilet but there are many other examples. Likewise, embodiments, devices, systems and methods of the present invention are often described herein with reference to lugs, but as will be readily appreciated, the embodiments, devices or systems may be deployed on any suitable part of the object appropriate for deployment, and the embodiments, devices or systems of the present invention may be engage with any appropriate aspect of the suitable part. Further embodiments provide methods and devices for monitoring the location of an object, particularly a portable construction, preferably a portable construction lacking means of locomotion, more preferably a portable construction lacking wheels. Such embodiments might have applications with different types of portable receptacles / constructions, such as a portable toilet,. Other

embodiments provide systems and methods for monitoring the status of a plurality of portable constructions, preferably a portable construction lacking means of locomotion, more preferably a portable construction lacking wheels. This also applies for example to monitoring the status and/or tracking portable receptacles like waste receptacles and toilets, by one or a plurality of users. These embodiments may comprise any of the advantageous features described herein.

The embodiments described herein may be made of any suitable material. Preferably, a device as described herein has a body made of, or made substantially of, a suitable metal. For embodiments . comprising a. casing_for the. housing. of components- as- described- above, the- casing may be made of a suitable plastic, and for embodiments comprising one or more lights housed in a such a casing, any suitable transparent or translucent plastic. Providing a casing made of a plastic for housing a communication unit 42 or location determining means 50 is advantageous in that the receipt and transmission of signals is improved.