| WO/2008/152963 | LOOSENING PREVENTIVE NUT |
| JP2008038947 | LOCKING MECHANISM FOR SCREW |
| JP06213225 | EFFICIENT NUT |
TABACCHI, Massimiliano (Via Dante 5, Padova, I-35139, IT)
C L A I M S
1. Self-locking nut for securing components for spectacles, comprising a body (8) with a through-hole (9), threaded internally and also extending in an axial direction (X), characterised in that the said body (8) has at least one recess 11 extending transversely to the axial direction (X) and intersecting the threaded hole (9) at least partially, the said recess (11) delimiting at least a first and a second portion (12, 13) of the said body (8) joined together and axially separated from each other, and in that most parts of the sections (12a, 13a) of the threaded hole (9) of the respective first and second portions (12, 13) are axially misaligned in relation to each other along the said axial direction (X) and arranged to return in substantially reciprocal axial alignment when the said portions (12, 13) are both being screwed onto a threaded shank (16), the elastic deformation generated in the said portions (12, 13) of the nut as a result of the return to the aligned position of the said threaded sections being such as to increase the tightening action of the nut on the threaded shank.
2. Nut according to claim 1, in which the said at least one recess (11) extends perpendicular to the direction of axial development (X) of the nut.
3. Nut according to claim 1 or 2, in which the threaded section (12a) of one of the said portions (12, 13) is coaxial with the axis of the nut, the threaded section (13a) of the other portion being misaligned with a preset angulation in relation to the direction of axial development (X) of the nut.
4. Nut according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the said at least one recess (11) extends radially beyond the corresponding median diametral plane of the nut containing the
5 main axis of the said nut.
5. Nut according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the said portions (12, 13) of the nut, in the configuration with the respective threaded sections (12a, 13a) in reciprocal misalignment, extend to converge towards each other from the part diametrically Q opposite their connection area (14) not affected by the said recess
(11).
6. Nut according to one or more of the preceding claims, comprising a pair of recesses (11) axially separated from each other and such as to define a first (12), second (13) and third portion (17) of the nut, s the third portion 17 being between the said recesses (11), the first and second portions (12, 13) being defined by parts which are axially opposite the said third portion (17).
7. Nut according to claim 6, in which the said recesses (11) extend from diametrically opposite areas of the said body (8) and extend o radially beyond a diametral median plane transverse to the said direction of radial development.
8. Nut according to claim 6 or 7, in which the threaded section of the said third portion (17) is coaxial with the axis of the nut, the sections (12a, 13a) of the threaded hole of the first and second 5 portions (12, 13) being misaligned, along the said axial direction (X), in relation to the threaded section of the third portion (17) and arranged so as to return in substantially reciprocal axial alignment when all the said portions (12, 13, 17) are screwed onto a threaded shank (16), the elastic deformation generated in the said first and second portions (12, 13) of the nut as a result of the return to the aligned position of the said threaded sections (12a, 13a) being such as to increase the tightening action of the nut on the threaded shank.
9. Nut according to claim 8, in which the threaded sections (12a, 13a) of the first and second portions (12, 13) are inclined with the same angulation in relation to the axis of the third portion (17) of the nut.
10. Nut according to claim 8, in which the said first and second portions (12, 13) of the nut, in the configuration with their respective threaded sections (12a, 13a) misaligned in relation to the third portion (17), extend to converge towards the third portion (17) from the part diametrically opposite their connection area (14) with the third portion, not affected by the corresponding recess (11).
11. Nut according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, in which the said nut body (8) is obtained by bending an elongated base (8a) in which the first and second portions (12, 13) as well as the connecting area
(14) between the said portions are substantially coplanar with each other.
12. Nut according to claim 11, in which the said elongated base (8a) has incisions (20) between each of the said first and second portions (12, 13) and the connecting area (14), the said incisions (20) designed to facilitate the bending of the said base (8a). 13. Method of manufacture of a self-locking nut for securing components for spectacles comprising a nut body (8) with an axial through-hole 9, threaded internally, characterised in that it comprises the following stages:
- providing in the said nut body (8) at least a first and a second portion (12, 13) that are axially aligned as well as reciprocally separated by an recess (11) extending transversely to axis (X) of the nut until reaching a connection area (14) of the said portions (12, 13) and at least partially intersecting the hole (9);
- deforming by bending at least one of the said portions (12, 13), so that the main parts of the respective threaded sections (12a, 13a) of the corresponding first and second portion (12, 13) remain misaligned in relation to each other along the said axial direction (X), so as to return in substantially reciprocal alignment when the said portions (12, 13) are both being screwed onto a threaded shank (16), the action of elastic return in the aligned position being such as to increase the tightening of the nut on the threaded shank. 14. Method according to claim 13, in which the said transverse recess (11) is made by cutting the nut and subsequently bending one (13) of the portions of the nut in the direction of the other portion (12). 15. Method according to claim 14, in which subsequent to the deformation by bending, a tempering heat treatment is applied to the said portions (12, 13) in reciprocal misalignment.
16. Method according to one or more of claims 13 to 15, in which two recesses (11) are made in the said body (8) by cutting the nut transversely, the said recesses (11) being axially separated so as to define a first (12), a second (13) and a third portion (17) of the nut, the third portion (17) being between the said recesses (11), the first and the second portion (12, 13) being defined by parts that are axially opposite the said third portion (17), and the first and the second portions (12, 13) are deformed by bending towards the third portion (17), so that the main parts of the respective threaded sections (12a, 13a) of the corresponding first and second portions are misaligned in relation to the threaded section of the third portion (17), along the said axial direction (X), so as to return in substantially reciprocal alignment when all the portions (12, 13, 17) are being screwed onto a threaded shank (16), the action of elastic return in the aligned position being such as to increase the tightening of the nut on the threaded shank.
17. Method according to claim 16, in which the cuts required to achieve the said recesses (11) are made on the nut from respective diametrically opposite areas, the corresponding connection area (14) between the first (12) and third portions (17) and between the second (13) and third portions (17) being defined by diametrically opposed and axially separated parts.
18. Method according to claim 16 or 17, in which subsequent to the bending deformation of the said first and second portions (12, 13) a tempering heat treatment is applied to the said portions in reciprocal misalignment.
19. Method according to claim 13, in which the said body (8) is made from an elongated base (8a) that contains, coplanar to each other, the first and second portions (12, 13) as well as a connection area
5 (14) between the said portions (12, 13), there being made in each portion a threaded through-hole, the said recess (11) being obtained by subsequent bending of the said base (8a), at the said connection area (14), until the said portions (12, 13) are brought into a position of substantially facing one another as well as in a ic reciprocal separated relation, the relative positioning between the portions (12, 13) being such that the main sections (12a, 13a) of the threaded holes of each portion (12, 13) are misaligned in relation to each other.
20. Method according to claim 19, in which incisions (20) are made in is the said elongated base (8a) where the connection area (14) joins each respective portion so as to facilitate bending of the said connection area (14).
21. Method according to claim 19 or 20, which includes a heat treatment stage subsequent to bending the said elongated base (8a).
2o 22. Method according to one of claims 19 to 21 in which the said elongated base (8a) comprising the said portions (12, 13) is obtained by cutting a sheet element.
23. Self-locking nut for securing components for spectacles, comprising a body (8) with an internally-threaded through-hole (9) extending
25 along an axial direction (X), characterised in that the said body (8) has at least one longitudinal recess (11) extending parallel to the axial direction (X) and intersecting the threaded hole (9), the said recess (11) delimiting at least a first and a second portion (12, 13) of the said body (8) extending away from the said recess, and in that the threaded diameter of the axial hole is smaller than the diameter of the screw onto which the nut is to be screwed, the elastic deformation caused during screwing due to the effect of the difference in the mating thread diameters, and tending reciprocally to separate the said portions of the nut, being such as to increase the tightening action of the nut on the threaded shank.
24. Nut according to claim 23, in which the said recess extends along the entire longitudinal development of the said body and is open at the opposite axial ends thereof.
25. Nut according to claim 23 or 24, in which the said recess is made by cutting the said nut body. |
SELF-LOCKING NUT FOR SECURING COMPONENTS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF
Technical field
The present invention concerns a self-locking nut for securing components for spectacles having the characteristics described in the preamble of Main claim 1. The invention also concerns a method of manufacture of a self- locking nut according to claim 13. Technological background This invention particularly concerns the specific technical field of spectacles, in which nuts of the above-mentioned type are used to secure very diverse components. Purely by way of example, there are screw fixings for frame elements such as attachment pieces or central nose bridges, with the corresponding lenses of rimless spectacles or threaded pin fixings comprising hinge pins in traditional spectacle frames. In these applications the fixing nut must have characteristics such as to guarantee effective securing and prove to be reliable in maintaining the securing action so as to counteract any slackening off that may compromise the functionality of the spectacles. These features are also required in applications where the components of the securing systems have very small overall dimensions and consequently involve the use of extremely small fixing nuts. Description of the invention
The main object of this invention is to provide a self-locking nut for securing components for spectacles which offers an improved and more reliable securing action and which at the same time is of simple construction, a further object being therefore also to provide a method of manufacture that
meets this requirement.
These and other objects which will emerge more clearly below are achieved by a self-locking nut and a method of manufacture thereof achieved in accordance with the accompanying claims. Brief description of the drawings
Further features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following detailed description of some of its preferred embodiments which are shown, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figures 1 and 2 are front and side elevations of a first example of a fixing nut made according to the invention;
- Figure 3 is a side elevation of the nut shown in the preceding figures in a stage of the method of manufacture thereof;
- Figures 4, 5 and 6 are side elevations of the nut in the preceding figures in separate stages of screwing onto a threaded shank;
- Figure 7 is a partial section of a securing system between a lens and a spectacle frame element in which the nut shown in the preceding figures is used;
Figures 8 an 9 are front and side elevations respectively of a second example of a securing nut made according to the invention;
- Figure 10 is a side elevation of the nut shown in Figures 8 and 9 in a stage of the method of manufacture thereof;
- Figures 11, 12 and 13 are side elevations of the nut shown in Figures 8 and 9 in separate stages of screwing onto a threaded shank; - Figures 14 and 15 are front and side elevations respectively of a third
example of a fixing nut made according to the invention, shown in a stage of the method of manufacture thereof;
- Figure 16 is a side elevation of the nut shown in Figures 14 and 15 in a further stage of the method of manufacture thereof; - Figure 17 is a side elevation of the nut shown in Figures 14 and 15;
Figures 18 and 19 are side elevations of the nut shown in Figure 16 in separate stages of screwing onto to threaded shank; Figures 20 and 21 are front and side elevations of a fourth example of a fixing nut made according to the invention, shown in a stage of the method of manufacture thereof;
Figure 22 is a side elevation of the nut shown in Figures 20 and 21 in a further stage of the method of manufacture thereof;
- Figure 23 is a side elevation of the nut shown in Figures 20 and 21;
- Figures 24 and 25 are side elevations of the nut shown in Figure 23 in separate stages of screwing onto a threaded shank;
- Figure 26 is a side elevation of a fifth example of a fixing nut made according to the invention;
- Figure 27 is a front elevation of the nut shown in Figure 26;
- Figure 28 is a view of the nut shown in Figures 26 and 27 in a stage of screwing onto a threaded shank.
Preferred embodiments of the invention
Referring initially to Figures 1 and 2, 1 shows as a whole a first example of a fixing nut for securing components for spectacles according to the present invention. The nut 1 is self-locking and is designed to be used in securing systems
between components for spectacles, particularly for screw fixings for lens frame elements (such as attachment pieces or central connecting nose bridges) or for securing the arms of spectacles to the corresponding hinged attachment pieces in which the threaded pin can also act as a hinge pin. Figure 7 shows a typical application in which the nut 1 is used to secure a spectacle lens 2 to an attachment piece 3, on which is hinged an arm 4, by means of a screw 5 passing through a hole 6 in the lens and onto which the nut 1 is screwed from the opposite side. It is understood that the securing system shown in Figure 7 represents one of the possible applications in which the nut according to the invention can be used, the latter being generally usable whenever a screw fixing with a corresponding lock nut is required.
Nut 1 comprises a body 8 with a through-hole 9, threaded internally and also extending in an axial direction, shown by axis X in the figures. The profile 10 of the outer surface of the body 1 is polygon-shaped, for example hexagonal, to enable a spanner to be used to tighten the nut. The body 8 of the nut also has a recess 11 extending transversely in relation to axis X, preferably perpendicular to the said axis, until most of hole 9 has been intersected, as shown in Figure 2. The said recess 11 delimits within body 8 of the nut a first and a second portion 12, 13, which remain joined together by means of a connecting area 14 not affected by the recess 11.
The first and second portion 12, 13 are axially separated from each other by the recess 11, which extends radially through the body 8 until beyond the corresponding median diametral plane of the nut containing the axis X,
ending in a surface 15 at the bottom of the recess, with a straight profile in the view shown in Figure 1.
The portion 13 is also transversely inclined in relation to portion 12 facing it, so that the said portions are extended to converge towards each other on the part diametrically opposite the connection area 14. Thanks to this configuration, most parts of the threaded sections of the hole 9 in the respective portions 12, 13, shown by 12a, 13a respectively, are axially misaligned in relation to each other, along axis X, and arranged to return in substantially reciprocal axial alignment when the portions 12, 13 are both being screwed onto a threaded shank, shown by 16 in the figures. As will emerge clearly below, thanks to the elastic return to the aligned position of the said sections 12a, 13a, the tightening action of the nut is increased by the effect of the greater stresses present between the meshing threads of the nut and the screw. In Figure 2, X' shows the direction of axial development of the threaded section 13a, which is misaligned in relation to section 12a coaxial with axis X, a preset angulation being defined between axes X and X' and correlated to the degree of deformation imposed which causes portion 13 to converge onto portion 12. Figures 4 to 6 show the successive stages during the screwing operation of the nut, from the unscrewed condition of Figure 4, through an intermediate condition of Figure 5 in which only portion 12 is screwed onto the threaded shank 16, until the condition of Figure 6, in which both portions are screwed onto the screw, with portions 12, 13 and their respective threaded sections 12a, 13a brought into substantially reciprocal alignment. The nut in this example is made by first performing a
transverse cut through body 8, so as to create the recess 11 delimiting portions 12 and 13, obtaining in this first stage the configuration shown in Figure 3, in which the said portions 12, 13 are parallel and separated from each other and the respective threaded sections 12a, 13a of hole 9 are reciprocally aligned and coaxial with axis X.
In a subsequent stage of the method of manufacture, portion 13 is deformed plastically by bending to an extent such as to obtain the final configuration shown in Figure 2 with the portions converging towards each other and the corresponding threaded sections 12a, 13a reciprocally misaligned.
It is also advantageous that, subsequent to the bending stage, the nut should undergo a tempering heat- or, more generally, hardening treatment of portions 12, 13, which consequently tends to increase the extent of elastic return during the nut screwing stage. Performing heat treatment subsequent to cutting also advantageously facilitates the removal of material during the cutting stage, a stage in which the not yet hardened material offers less resistance to the cutting action.
Figures 8 to 13 show a second embodiment of the nut according to the invention, generally indicated by Ia, in which parts similar to those referred to in the preceding example bear the same reference numerals.
Nut Ia differs mainly from that of the previous example in that it has a pair of recesses 11, axially separated from each other, as clearly shown in Figure 9. The pair of recesses 11 delimit in body 8 a first, second and third portion, shown respectively by 12, 13 and 17, portion 17 being between the
recesses 11, portions 12 and 13 being defined by parts which are axially opposite the third portion 17.
The recesses 11 also extend perpendicular to axis X, from diametrically opposite areas of body 8 and extend radially beyond the diametral median plane containing axis X (transverse to this direction of radial development) to end in a corresponding surface 15 at the bottom of the respective recess. Advantageously the threaded section 17a of the hole in portion 17 is coaxial with axis X, whereas the respective threaded sections 12a, 13a of the corresponding portions 12, 13 are misaligned, along axis X, in relation to section 17a and are also arranged so as to return in substantially reciprocal axial alignment when all the portions are screwed onto the threaded shank 16 (Figure 13).
Portions 12 and 13 extend to converge onto the central portion 17, at the part diametrically opposite the area connecting with portion 17. Preferably, both threaded sections 12a, 13a are inclined with equal angulation in relation to axis X.
Figures 11 to 13 show the stages that succeed each other in the screwing operation of nut Ia, from the unscrewed condition of Figure 11, through an intermediate condition of Figure 12 in which only portion 12 is screwed onto the threaded shank 16, until the condition of Figure 13, in which all of the portions of the nut are screwed onto the screw, with portions 12, 13 and their respective threaded sections 12a, 13a brought into substantially reciprocal alignment. Note how, with regard to nut 1, the increased tightening action that can be achieved by nut Ia is much greater in that it can be achieved both between portion 12 and 17 and, in addition, between
portions 13 and 17.
The nut in this example is made by first making a pair of opposing transverse cuts in the body 8, so as to create the recess 11 delimiting portions 12, 13 and 17, obtaining in this first stage the configuration shown in Figure 10, in which portions 12, 13 are parallel and separated in relation to portion 17, and the respective threaded sections 12a, 13a of hole 9 are reciprocally aligned and coaxial with axis X.
In a subsequent stage of the method of manufacture, both portions 12 and 13 are plastically deformed by means of respective bending of an extent such as to obtain the final configuration shown in Figure 9 with the said portions converging towards the central portion
17 and the corresponding threaded sections 12a, 13a in reciprocal misalignment. It is also advantageous that, subsequent to the bending stage, the nut should undergo a tempering heat- or, more generally, hardening treatment, which consequently tends to increase the extent of the elastic return induced during the nut screwing stage. Performing heat treatment subsequent to cutting also advantageously facilitates the removal of the material during the cutting stage, a stage in which the not yet hardened material offers less resistance to the cutting action.
Figures 14 to 19 show a third example of an embodiment of the nut according to the invention, generally shown by Ib, in which parts similar to those referred to in the preceding example bear the same reference numerals. Nut Ib differs mainly from that of the first example in that nut body 8 is
obtained by bending an elongated base 8a in which the first and second portion 12, 13 are substantially coplanar with each other and with a connecting area 14.
More particularly, base 8a is advantageously made by cutting or stamping a sheet of material, obtaining portions with a hexagonal profile 12 and 13 connected together by the connecting area 14. By means of subsequent drilling of each of portions 12, 13, appropriately threaded respective holes are made, defining the respective sections 12a, 13a. In a subsequent stage of the method, base 8a is subjected to a bending process, at the connecting area 14, that brings portion 12 into a position that is basically facing portion 13, with the corresponding threaded holes coaxial with each other. This configuration is shown in Figure 16, from which, by further bending, the configuration in Figure 17 is achieved, in which portion 13 is bent over to converge towards portion 12 and the corresponding threaded sections 12a, 13a are reciprocally misaligned, along axis X.
Figure 18 and 19 show two stages that succeed each other on screwing the nut onto the shank 16, operationally similar to those shown in Figures 5 and 6 respectively in relation to nut 1. Lastly, Figures 20 to 25 show a fourth embodiment of the nut according to the invention, shown as a whole by Ic, which represents a variation of nut Ib.
In this example, the main difference with nut Ic lies in the fact that the elongated base 8a which is bent to create nut Ic, has a connecting area 14 with a shorter longitudinal extension.
Thanks to this increased dimensional compactness, incisions 20 are made between the connecting area 14 and the corresponding portions 12 and 13, to facilitate the bending of area 14 so as to obtain the final configuration shown in Figure 23. The incisions 20 are advantageously made along the opposing side edges of area 14, at the connection with the respective portions 12 and 13, as is clearly shown in Figure 20.
Figures 24 and 25 show two successive nut screwing stages, operationally similar to those shown in Figures 18 and 19 respectively of the preceding example. Figures 26 to 28 show a fifth embodiment of the self-locking nut made according to the invention, shown as a whole by Id, in which parts similar to those of the preceding examples bear the same reference numerals. Nut Id is characterised mainly for the fact that the recess 11 extends longitudinally through body 8, parallel to the axial direction X, affecting the entire longitudinal development of the body and being open at the opposite axial ends thereof.
Recess 11 also intersects the threaded hole 9 delimiting two opposing potions 12, 13 of body 8, extending away from recess 11. Furthermore, the threaded diameter of axial hole 9 is smaller than the diameter of the screw (of shank 16) onto which the nut is to be screwed. In this way, the elastic deformation caused during screwing due to the effect of the difference in the mating thread diameters, and tending reciprocally to separate portions 12, 13 of the nut, is such as to increase the tightening action of the nut on the threaded shank 16. Figure 28 shows the nut Id during the stage of screwing onto the threaded
shank 16, the end edges of portions 12, 13 in the undeformed condition being shown by dotted lines. Thanks to the under-sizing of hole 9 of the nut an increased tightening effect is therefore achieved, caused by the elastic return of the deformed portions during screwing of the nut. Advantageously, the recess 11 in nut Id is obtained by a longitudinal cut through the nut body 8.
Note also how the nut according to the invention, in the embodiments described, can be made either of metal material or plastic material and be a composite or "filled" with fibres or other similar elements. In the case of metal embodiments, the tempering or hardening treatment may or may not be applied and is performed in cases where it is particularly advantageous or necessary.
The invention thus achieves the proposed objects offering the advantages described in relation to known solutions. In particular, such advantages include the improved efficiency and reliability of tightening achieved using the self-locking nut of the invention, in combination with the constructional simplification shown in the method of manufacture thereof.
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