| WO2014178734A2 | 2014-11-06 | |||
| WO2006048785A1 | 2006-05-11 | |||
| WO2011053127A1 | 2011-05-05 |
| CN101230847A | 2008-07-30 | |||
| US20150381012A1 | 2015-12-31 |
| 1, A self-stiSt i sg po er generating engine pro ucing e!ecirteai power multi le s&e gear rrteciariisii¾ unit {34): a yna o set (35) si "&m end and nthf eth¾r-#r$ s setfes al accumulator f!yw el (3D| awa ed atfc f isnd ^ r edge sde by the ho kup gsa$3¾ a.» t c!ipation :pJa»f;k>cfe and release typ¾ gearf f¾ lock §p$e (3I| and the disc rake ii). 2, the e ine ©f claim i e eh of the a uh¾!ato? fh Nesls 130) at it& flat surace oimd &dgs sde: further com prismg 8 long, rp'wd gad a iSttte c¾tvy & sf0 sulfas passageway f ¾ ith one p g¾¾¾y hpie ?f at one point along ¾¾8ih a bulgng out snsfesheed feh-iike fm navigator piste (28) that begins immediaieiy aftsr the passageway hoie f¾?j¾ a d nceof abowt one hid of the tetai 'length of the: accumulaor flywheel round cur edge sides surface as well as m& trigger tump (IS arsd several drwsr' ite:c»mp3Fm ht r«aS block housing holder £| f feharsd f s in tha S the mass Block (2Ϊ] ss attached ar»d sonf sd or¾t aibout ©rse sixth o the■ total round ed side flat «ar½G srea mly o the :a'OE«ma}aor f /heei ®J> 3, The engine of elatnv 2 characterised in that th mass b\ mpafi ^nt housing holder {2®} k attached right u iferri t he ssageway hole 27 , 20 T e eoishe; of ¾» isfis claim i to; 2 chsacterts . i tha eaeh of the ac-vmsilatot fly eels ( ) structure yet again compisi g a b.as having a round: ©peein , at the c&nire for dijtchfhg: a cyli driosi hollow o¾s axle ( 7) with extra lohg ; pro udi g end ihereen attached an axle eriga|emeiit dis-c (9)· having f etrailaijle protruding asfe disc rod IB Inside it (291 d ed to ¾hf age witl? ΐ|« dyianio sbsft disc grille (38j e aracterised in that no psr sf the aecumo.istof iywheel (3®§oined tothe dynamo shaft (;£S|. 5. T e en in of claim c taeterised i that the hoilo base axs |17 of the accumulator flywheel :f30) es¾s on its indiwid af sxie support egs S. T s eog¾e of claim 2 fiharacterised in that the mass blocs ijc^ro rises deta able h fvyffetek lead piate housed m$ mnflmd to one small poition of one sixth of thetota! round edge .sijsfe ffs surface of the sco rouistor flywheel (30). S 7- The engine of lam 6 o aBcsrissci n that the mass blocks f2ij fedwds -a concrete s1ab> a feas-li&e nt iner ca inirg cement, sa d, day,, bick* gisss fragrftent, discarded iron and steet'anf including lii i mercury- in special co tainer* S, The engine of claim 4 characterised in; that the ynamo shaft (IS) resides oft/Its individual I separate shaft stipport iep|li|. ¾, The engine ©f any one of claim I to 7 chsrseterised in that all- he accum lator fiywhsffe (SO), the dynamo shaft fiS), and other compo ens resde n the framework support str cttife {3}. 15 10. The engine of claim 1 characterised in that Ihe:-dcipMW !at^'fly«^eel is not only pulled arid pushed by mparts of its four high power motorlsed wcBnai ii pis negeff: sets | also enhanced by ulley ge r s'*¾sMi^ slose pfoxiiBiy wi te hookup gear |32f of tha ¾Geamyi¾ior fyw eel (30). 29 3JL The engine of claim 10 c ar cterised in that the four Highps^f vmo¾rised gear sets are etically irtstalfed on both sides of t e «ec«m -atar flywheel out cyrvy reynd edge side arid fjEj e gagement wit the releas agftd lock typ inclinafoo plane gear £2) of the accumulato flywheel { ϋ% 2S ii , ngine o claim II harsetefSed in thai the four high p$wer motorlsed gear sits toca lDf* ineJade that of the: ac umulator flywheel |3<¾ b th sides of its fe side surfae ear its retire edg as well as si its hor!ics*t»l;l an bditorrs part of Its. oute, round, curvy edge side surfac . 13. The -e gine ©I cl im !i# c ®:rfctfe«sei in that the s if'Su arang po er g«¾6raf«g; &Η§ § induces that which use m* pulley gear system arid Its Gferes i jid!ng ookup ge r 32 ef the aeeu mutator fl w eel , The eoflne of any one ©f claim 1 te 3 c fBetemeei m that t e accumulator flywheel (3© includes l e:^i»n g: rojttar«;ti§t':f^ i¾ji directly onfd g dyria :© shaft | S) through use of. massive osilise !ig trtipofiei m between them without «sing the base. axl (if), 15. he e¾gine of da(n¾ 1 chsra eiseii in that the acc«mujat©r ^ i (30} also c mprises a stall iTiana sr (40) unit attache thrsiigh use- of bolt and :ntt to the framework str«c|yre: (3) fa cfe¾e¾proxlrrs? » he a^cumulatsr fl w eel |S0)> i6 The i¾gif¾e ®i dairo IS characterised in that the f&$ f?¾ n3¾«r ( 0 .u it ¾mpr1sgs a endulum nside i isa -!ike o s¾tf iheii f havin electrcal open afid close Giimjil compDnefsts on all feur sides waff a d every smh■ com onent Is eifui ejS ¾vit¾ a timer roe¾ anism cempQfjen ada ted to engage with the peiiduiom od w e sadd n sargesjf urfeulent mO:ver eFit oc ifS as3l¾a^¾n of high power msrtoris d gear that engages wit its twrespoiding se arate release md loc t pe of taslin ssm pia gear povMe.d for stsch purpose will fciek io powered by bi se aate sar¾dby G oirretvt ower source. ¾?.: The engine of mm 1 £ mcimi' $ m t a th disc brake f!i separate cijrrespofirffeg strycttire attached to the frame ok stuctue (3) in t s¾ f>ro msty stts the accumulato flywheel ropnd edge side o¾rvy surface esraprisnf a Sorg f d w¾h a lever " ¾3t m, ti a a s¾rses of cable er¾d gi es: h tssDf olders ^tb¾ other end of h rod at tspaf big slide-on pulley *h'r¾«gh ich the ca e conneced to the bake: mechantSfn sild^S:, IB, The engine of claim 17 characterised in that the ferake structure lohg rod 142) resirfesfri the feaSl bearing ¾i¾iilpe«l openings of the brake ro heasiR o!ders ( l| attaiietl to tft® fT:sms¾?o:r| y£ ie .0"), 13. The e gS¾¾ any o of #8lrsr 1? to 18 characterised in that the brake roe¾3f»srn snc cfes that of ekctfte% powered hydraufte irake ftiec amsn tHat works © tjh* disc braie {1} ha encirces the Sficumuaiaf heeicuf y:f0U«d::aE ^ side eater surface as w^H ssthe a pted: disc fjfs e afaih^d aro¾r)d: t e accifmuSa r f wteel |¾:hasetat surface. 20 Wm engine of claim 1 characterised In that the safety lack mechaf^m: comprises wo long r il? ¾wth s 1e¾er (S t): that sis cm the pivotal styhsp | &) cfi «ects :i ¾m so^el a one e^d, the said rodsst er ertds having a seies of L-shaj>e st ffsps a ac ed at erval instance point in; dim with the loose reirae*als¾: safey !otk te trSariguiar heads: (44) that the protruding shape ;st«rri s;^S) & adapted to engage il. The engine of claim 20 characterised in that the saety lock plate {44} io pcsoerif f rth r thg other side, hsyifig the mm but inverted triangylar urved eut strucue: facing the L- s ape stomps (.48) of the \m$ rods w ich Is in close pfoxim?y with eac ther. 22.† e«gir*& of mn 20 thm aci sed in ai the IPoss ret r cisbfe safety lock plate (44) triangu lar h e ad has sharp h©t$om edge ada td to en Sg¾ «5th Its £c?fff¾p ndinf lock g ar ( i of accomii!atortyw ee (30), 23> The en i o■■claim 22 charcteised in; tha t e; fey !ø plate (£ ) resides fethe safety tosk'piate housi g holder {47} which is attached to the if¾nmw0f}(; ui¾M!ri ¾ tn'cfose *0$M . wih ffre accumulator flyw eel |30) edge side 24. The engine of ( 2 characteri ed: ;n tha the logger sfcuff!$» (19) is attached to the accumulat fiy heei roun , cur y edge side s i \t dose poximit ith the regulator roc! (Ill triangular head. ¾S< The er¾ine of ssir 24 characterised in that the reg«fet©fy-:rod (li) cem risrof a long rod with a sp es of adfiasiatife 9Q degrees release stumps 3¾ attached at evef^ internal distanc , half of them towards, one erd avi g iriiingpiar hea |i¾ hte the ^airar half o ard he ^t e¾ hav nv , z &srimti in thai the triangular sha e eads are indpSiS the gmeamySatei- flywheel 30) edge site protryiln lnfgef stunp (13) which the regulato? rod triangular head 13 are adapted \Q engage, 26. fhe e ine of claim 2S c arace-rssd in that the: long regulator ΐΜ $1} s i campfisijg regyfetor md s rbg fSQ) com onent residing between rodliQ sing: Holder ¾] and the rod chsc pin (49 J, th said regulator rod ) slides baekand forth throug its a!lbeanfsf e aip d ousing holder -opening d the said hP¾slnf holder sttscted to the fra eweii structure. (3) in dose proximity with the 'mm foiot. flywheel 3ίϊ) f und carvy edge sid surface. 27. the e gi e of έίδίίτι 2S characeffeed trt that th¾ retraining of the §0 degrees release: sturnp with ·».ø triangular shape head are adaped to enga 1: With the protrpring t- shape one end of the; retractable swltch-cym-sicspper f t) 5 ri«g--enease:d f&$ wteh is ¼ eisSsejfd imity the rei e stump |33}< 8. the engine afdam 21 thm&sS d irs that the s¾fEchrcum -step e housing holder {23 stiac ed tp h# fra;mew&fJ< stucture I if* close proximity wt he acam !ator % hee fSQ edge side comprises 3 recan laf fee* k pf ousing holder (2 wS|¾ operings m both sods throug sidss fesci and fort ;: ©ne side having roller-tipped e«d s<apteiS to engage ith assageway 2S of the aecumu Pr flY eel (30 pwd ed e flat side susfee. 29, t ; eng!n& p tl&im IS c aracterised m that the swi^-ftuim-stcsp er o sing holder ¾23) also comprises s circuit swtch inside it such t at w en e partly insulate stn ei rod { 2} ^ves, open and cl se circuit of fbw pf electricity is activated, thf U engagement wi the as sgewsy hale (27:) anil the bulgi g out snakehead fish-iifee rp ¾avlgstor plate |2B) it controls the spinti g iQceiSS of the accumulator flyw eel O) which in dnsplhs the dynamo sha lSj end fin lly spn tfe»..dynamfc set |3S, .30. "Iftt err e ¾tf i frrj 2S ehsfs>etgi in that the rrrefuiie that of other timer and trigger ty e of me* »ism that works by erii gioi is the accumulator flywheel (MJ ^fnnmg. 31.: Tft§ en ne of "claim 29 characterised in tfteit&s sftske esd fls -fl} like i?sv1g¾†Qr#lat« S) f?£iy¾ ¾¾8i ©f a slm le :S3rlfTtgk«¾®£ s tc on/off mecha sm c m sten cymuat f flywheel (30) that works © by s or s¾k¾n out L& ό?ί hp flat sif$:ro&r$ curvy edge syrfm of tffe aceum lit r fywh l |i0), S 32. Ih® engine of ¾ny one df: claim 28 to 31 ehar¾eisssi In that met¾3n¾fiR also cS dss t tftf t¼-m ½H§e^'-r^r^^fe-pmtfs^Rg.ba stsc ed sm thesrgmewisk structure (30) lose ro m ity with t(¾eJtfcMmg ©y plae atta ed «t the flat surf gee as well as at tsmd, cur syfate o the edge s¾e &f e accumul or flywheel .15 (3:0), S3- The eogme &f etlm 32 c¾aac*e%eif to red Is tfig r i mesas o Ini^- sy Sor c anism and ramers related visual Imagmg rneehanfem that relayed the mmf&nwnt effect fraffi oo scettmu tof flywheel hieh has 20 $f started tosp to the f>e¾ !h li e la fal) aecuimiiaor flyv^ed's receiv r meehao&m attache at the fra ewok sirueore that then setlvsfce the motCfrsed retracta&l rotrudi g rod to eagege with the stlc&rjg ¾¾t uiae ar dJsen gs$ - r®m it far egulated spin ing praeem 25 34 The en in of claim 10 h¾r¾cierised m that the pulley gear { j eom rlses ©f 3 series of separa etachable c ain Imfc-up gear eom ofrefitsjo^e together through use of axe aid nut and the a avs^ @hl« fth its c res onding od¼~Uj gear 3¾¾γ e¾m> of hooking ygs- characterised in that when said gear etacts it sut maicsl!y free stseSf fr¾sm engaging as the ook-uo § ear 2: c lapse ¾¾c¾ ^§«"the 3D rfey gear f:39 r racts:. |
for most people the inaccesslbitity to electricity very d¾heerteoing and makes fe very miserabie. Evsis tf there iK: r*¾ : t e cost ¾> pay fo ¾s use a d e nsumal ^ Is more atel than mt is *øø hepty and may consume a : itar¾e peirtioe &f their Income if no used prudently a d wis ly, Hem to ΰ?# electricity as they is ateys a bg whfe .. Reg rfiess, eleitfleit he½g ©ne ^ the basic human needs has: strays b$ a huge stck issue whene er ami wherever It is needed m st * : Presently, wit the fast progresst&ri of eiima e ange, the fm c search for t e elusive, R Sl3ff0rial3(i¾ most suMai le, most en iranroantaf friendly, most versatile irrlts form, of use and the safes a«d most m e ctricity therals in oyr > efprt » reyi&r¾¾ the ¾st pogressing dr &a change :l$esf far urrm fk>r§ an if um onc ¾gain to thrive and flouis is evert &re urgent thm ever before.
Hig powe motonsed gear and puller-assisted seJf-sostasntng poential energy-based po er gen rating efl iis for ricing, e nil o ., efficien an very c ea grsen electr ty is not k ti, the nearest kn&w devices in presently is produce reen electricity are wind t« «¾ hydra electric ps er Matidrs, sola ceils artd gea^hemal ¾ esent in snilGrt alms to provide deal s lution to add re e present day global conttous and reliable tiectricifcy for the people need wherever tftey.may.be..
This ©dueir¾g sngifse c rriprkrig a set of causig It to become exit? emSJy heavier than the other side esdffig ot eac rndviriiiai hollo cylindrical base 3¾ie through which wit out touhing, a ¼mg yna o shaft: engages ai! the spmmng aecymyator flywheels whose comMrtsd : falling; tm of &m igrowp after continuously spins the tiynarrio shaft; - € i t e; iovlsioo of u me eng ageime t gear s¾t system,, in turn the dy a a set to orodiiee electricity for ¾ to er Its o o motors to tyring ami estoe : aecumu ί afor flywheel $h at loses Its mass , wh¾rs wrs th ugh use o piiley & high o- *e? m tofis¾i gear and stsi! produce sseess power for other uses. l% agh se of transfomer, t e power ρτο&ό8 wll fee r arj tir¾e| greater. M ealiy the more the accumulator i wheefs used, the better It will be.
Ths lew tewn; relevafit g reen electricity prad¾ar*g evices hj blt$J¾ed earlier ©n in this related field te ekes cohtii*ous strong Μη wok whlfe: some res ires coTitlrJOus high v lume of te to fuoeiiofi, Ags tne. requite m ti long so shine while Ye ?t¾i s me require i ea* underground voioa ie vents th» reach out Closer to the «arth surface in eder or homah to fee ableto harness its ho th rmal energy. However, these spedai o§tiare als B aiia iiy, aocessshility. and their raw existsh e come: beyood hams conrol On top f -that* some of the devices that fr ed these speasi nature traits can he very cosily., incbhverrifefiit, ah eyesore ahd very angeous and g ive uman ittle choice mi versatility for their use. m terms of places to ostal smd utilise as ell as th isfee s d m sdfy
H ¾v¾ve¾ ¾se of the treeo eiectridty g eneratiag engine of t e iias inveoiop does no* require ail those dificult ari problematc nature traits The only nature trait that is required fa the pr seht invention t w&t and operate s solely by mearss of utilising and h massirsg! the &%< present the Jfi¾ )austibfe : o«r moher sait¾ gr3V¾jef*a fere© that exists on t¾ry We of t e saiface of t&gfc&rt .. km s ita le form of mass block ' to provide and create mass and ei ht may utilised to f«8¾ee c&st such as $¾id f; feie : CQWf¾te slafe, br s« glass and s« on, Optionally £h« m re sCGymuiato used e etter md mom efficient the engine will he. The efjfihe com o Snts
lbase>
T puifey s serjt - u i t$
s spendi g paley hsr? ussd^ c n educe th weight of. the Mass M&ck asfc3$iy from tt¾¾¾ l® a mef6 ¾ of less de ending the rs mfcef ¾f free suspending pufieys used. Assisted by the igfe pow&r petorise gear with Sew gradient
8¾C8m»lstq¾ flywheel should be t&&~m ~w&%m hay in ?> tJm¾-
In 6fd*T that the invention may te m m reality an^^tpod and pui !fiio pr¾dfel effect, a Sre!err&d npw¾f,descfifeed ½h. refere ce ¾ trie
& aec mpan¼½g drawi gs, ft* whitfc ; t% : literates a preferred example ©f s¾{f-sutgtgiri|:?¾| p t ge atiag englfts constructed irs sceofianc« th $i mv twti
J0 : ϊ tlfustFslas -th® selfsu afefeg power $ mmrstrng. engi e of i fl ' G!, S3 : ii¾rates the $eii-susta¾fe p&ww ge rseFatifsg ^gi e of ¥H»1.
is
FKELS : UHistrtftes %M tf-susii mg power fierslng eft toe o FiS, , WsM i illustrates the s¾lf^usi¾l?T| p<^ 20 f!Ci? ϊ ates t e power enefatiige gmeof B6<i. Pi(a.8¾ sSl $£f¾†es:t sefi-suitf inirtg ; !iustratei t¾e seS tfstsiwg ptwer generating en i e jf Fi%#.
25
\G,W Ϊilmt tte self-sustsmog power ge«e?¾tii engine pf
3D ;fS>12 : ilfesSrsiss the sf if*si|.it! irtg © gr gener¾ ¾ ngi e of f!G-l. sferlng to Fig, it can h seen th at t s trigge stum 19 of the accumulator fw es! 30 t only its trigger stump If Shpwrs | engages WiH the triangular head 13, t s :re . ^itetor rod il slides to-ihe left eausing the release stump 33 to pus
retract ! tfie left ar¾ ifi t e rcscess eleases itself fmm ftf passageway hole " 27 that in tarn auses the aceitmPiator ty^ s#in dowr? teaiise orced by the weight of the mass block 21. <ovs . W&m it starts spi nng, the guide? plate 4jpysf¾ss the a*te;di$s rod 2S to enga wit the disc e ES of the d ¾$ shaft IS to spin. Ihosihe φΜ?ί)%.ο?¾¼ a i uiator fl¾ etf:3Q fo m spins the n mo set SS to uce power thou h the splimn of rmsltl-sfee ea system 34,
• j «.2:-$h€»ws the
30 s fes down, the rod 22 enpgesthe p si&ge sy M which is rod 22 fal i Q the passageway ole 27, thespirmlrsg preees? * stops as the $w|;h*cyrrvsiopjer rod 22 blocks th aco*raafat<sr flywheel W from spinnin further. At the same tim , the ¾|«ctrifes! f&d er that owers the ½uf high power rft torised gear sets and p¾!iey gear also stops automatically. As a result t at fiatimiia? aceumaSaor flywheel step as ' d res while aiting f or its turn i&ipM S s. result It becomes the next in SiPe aecurntHatO fy heel t© fall. W s« anot e acey yatcsr iywlieel ¾ ins, its trigger sump I wilt trigger ft s inning rocess once again m very rrsych regulated way,
S¾;3 shows the pr cess of s nr¾ ¾jf f¾i as see« fom cross section sfew> When t e :aecamulaffiir ' 8y^he¾: 30 spins, it also s i the-axle eiipgerBent fee S< As It starts to Spin, the idsr piste pushes the gxle disc rod 29. Thus ¾ pin the dynamo shaft IS w ic in tprn splm the m lti-s¾s gea system ami 34 and: finally spins the dynamo shaf a very muc faster rats. But as the axle engagement disc 9 about to reach the bottom level, th ider plate 4 ud enly end¾ thee ih reetof b« mi& disc rod 29 from farther ersgagemerit wit the shaft grille disc 10 As a result the axle ehgaiem ht d!seS is 8©w•" ■ •In: no;oos¾¾i to r ag the co^^ shaft IS. Fig> th ' S pifto process of Flf;3 m detail. $. f s scoimufetor %v t«j M
block |ϊ section he¾3g ¾5$ e up,. he^wi^ ^ c^*stoppef ' 2¾^i.dfi«-^ ' th.fe assageway ,- As it tails intd the passageway hole 27, the. power supply is cut pff automatical t e accasijlatef flywheel 30 stocs Swwhsr the other accumulator flywheel f ø ne:<t fa* ■ lineu-ins a ijtfcig ' fdf IQ egress fro is rest¾g ; hay or position., its trgg somp 1 engages with the triangular head $3 and the regulator rod: 1.1. pus es he switch- am stppipef ¾2 o the left thus p lling it out from the; assage Pte 27, T e scdroutetpr flywlteei JO then st rts splfjrjihg again aud i the 2.2 ides onto the snasehe&d fish-like fin p ifato plate ¾g and Ite rotegs to prevent the swsch^eim- stcap f 22 from wiching on, B¾¾t as the switch -eym-so ^r 22 re ches the mi_ of the snafcehead fishwife* fr¾ «ayig3i¾f plate .2 the ele¾fc&j ^ sris ¾j tQmati 3|l* restored: ¾hcl cassis the high power moom set ΪΒ d the pulley gear 3 to ki k is ¾ad 3¾ a res lt they sh.¾ ' nd $a$Hhe mass fock $f he aeauthutetor. flywheel 30 up sgair j , fig.5 s psf¾$ further tew the trigger st 19 causes the ot er ne>i in lifts; a cumalater flywheel 3D to spin after r sing mode *
■Fig.6 s ews how the fedr !igh p vwg m©p?ss?sd gear unit arid t e p e¥ gear system: 39 ork together to restore the do n m s, bock 21 of the accumulator v^eel ¾Q &ts rest and % ¾ing osition s in fore i g triggered again to s ft. The stall angget stprised g ear seits mtAowp fcesa se ft Ss. sed f r m&im vehicle fi hoat ©itfy
Vi ' g s ows how e k group of the jaetatroulator- flywheel -30 t their differen p siion when sp inni g corsitptiously dow« ifl the right irectic^ ile in the Ι¾¾ the 3Ct m«! tar$ il £s 30 are seen in sariou stages In the process of tf½y %ei g figured; to tht¾ rest 4 wzft m m hay hy ths high po^er matdrised g«¾r *es IS s d enhance fey he puiisy ar:3§. O e s htocfc 21 seen her© represen $«| c^umuiatdr hy eei 30, Thus a very fffipent engineshdpid a e at . least 6 sccuma or fl^hgel 30 In a oup ith a ass hiscfc 300 t 400 kg weight t . S» ail
0 flywheels; 30 ^ooid ' fee ideal enough, Te start th engine, all ths accumulator flywheels S must he hydraulica!iy jished up feersih all their mass hlccfc 21 rndst bs in their res> and-wait poti r* ¾ oce one group of em ¾ maouaiSy :trtgg§i¾iJ to art t e s inning process.
Fig.8 s ows h w the safety lock gea 31 fcfks. W en the safety lock levee Si is pulled or #us e i . . ' the safety teck late #4 will en wth its ceresiso dmg ioct gear a d the a¾u ' mw!s0f f| ^vh¾ei 30 s p ¾pif .s g after the brake mechanism s a le}.
Pig.9 shows further how the safety- lock system works.
F1g,|0 shows !sofeilhe brake syste«* e>r¾> lever 41 & ulled, trie cable will p ll the brake. mec ¾msrrt to enpge with the disc brake ¾. te : st^ t spini¾it>g of he sccuf ttiatpr liywheef :3t) during the e e*$e** jf situaion.
: li sfid s the general Rg .12: s ows the gfene ral . raist vi#w ef the engi ne<