| US4811558A | 1989-03-14 | |||
| US5267838A | 1993-12-07 | |||
| US2175463A | 1939-10-10 | |||
| US2392711A | 1946-01-08 | |||
| US2966036A | 1960-12-27 | |||
| US3500635A | 1970-03-17 | |||
| US3939656A | 1976-02-24 |
| 1. | An apparatus for the extraction of a gas mixture under pressure from the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine into a receiver circuit comprising: a riser tube connected with said combustion chamber for communicating said gas mixture under pressure from said internal combustion engine to a location outside said engine; a valve body having an inlet connected in fluid communication with said riser tube to receive said gas mixture under pressure and an outlet and containing a valve seat, said valve body having a second inlet for receiving cooled gases; valve means contained in said valve body to be urged into sealing engagement with said valve seat by the pressure in said valve body when said pressure in said valve body exceeds the pressure in said riser tube, and urged away from said valve seat by said pressure in said riser tube when said pressure in said riser tube exceeds said pressure in said valve body; said receiver circuit connected with said valve body outlet to receive said gas mixture which passes from said combustion chamber past said valve means and out of said valve body outlet; cooling means in said receiver circuit connected with said valve body outlet to receive and cool said gas mixture passing from said valve body outlet; gas recirculating means in said receiver circuit connected with said cooling means and said valve body second inlet for recirculating a portion of said cooled gas mixture from said cooling means back to said second inlet such that said portion of cooled gas mixture will mix with a currently produced gas mixture passing through said valve body thereby reducing the temperature of said currently produced gas mixture; a sleeve around said riser tube defining an annular area between the exterior of said riser tube and said sleeve; and oil pumping means connected with said sleeve to pump oil into said annular area to cool said riser tube and said gas mixture under pressure as said gas mixture under pressure flows through said riser tube. |
| 2. | The apparatus according to claim 1 in which said valve means includes at least one ball. |
| 3. | The apparatus according to claim 1 in which said gas recirculating means is a positive displacement gas pump. |
| 4. | An apparatus for the extraction of a gas mixture of a first temperature from a combustion engine into a receiver circuit comprising: a valve body having an inlet connected in fluid communication with said combustion engine to receive said gas mixture of a first temperature and an outlet and containing a valve seat, said valve body having a second inlet for receiving cooled gases; valve means contained in said valve body to be urged into sealing engagement with said valve seat by the pressure in said valve body when said pressure in said valve body exceeds the pressure of said gas mixture of a first temperature, and urged away from said valve seat when said pressure of said gas mixture of a first temperature exceeds said pressure in said valve body; said receiver circuit connected with said valve body outlet to receive said gas mixture of a first temperature which passes from said combustion engine past said valve means and out of said valve body outlet; and gas circulating means connected with a source of a cooling gas mixture of a second temperature lower than said first temperature and with said valve body second inlet for mixing said cooling gas mixture with said gas mixture of a first temperature thereby reducing the temperature of said gas mixture of a first temperature. |
| 5. | The apparatus according to claim 4 in which said valve means includes at least one ball. |
| 6. | The apparatus according to claim 4 in which said gas circulating means is a positive displacement gas pump. |
| 7. | The apparatus according to claim 6 further comprising a pressure relief valve connected with said positive displacement gas pump to limit the maximum pressure differential seen across said positive displacement pump. |
| 8. | The apparatus according to claim 4 in which said source of a cooling gas mixture comprises a portion of said gas mixture of a first temperature which has been cooled to said second temperature lower than said first temperature. |
| 9. | The apparatus according to claim 8 further comprising said gas circulating means is connected with said valve body outlet and said valve body second inlet for receiving said portion of a gas mixture of a first temperature passing from said valve body outlet and recirculating said cooling gas mixture at a second temperature into said valve body second inlet to cool said valve means contained in said valve body. |
| 10. | The apparatus according to claim 4 in which said combustion engine is an internal combustion engine. |
| 11. | The apparatus according to claim 10 in which said internal combustion engine is a diesel engine. |
| 12. | The apparatus according to claim 11 in which said diesel engine is a twocycle diesel engine. |
| 13. | The apparatus according to claim 10 further comprising a riser tube connected with a combustion chamber of said internal combustion engine for communicating said gas mixture of a first temperature from said internal combustion engine to a location outside said engine;. |
| 14. | The apparatus according to claim 13 further comprising a sleeve around said riser tube defining an annular area between the exterior of said riser tube and said sleeve; and oil pumping means connected with said sleeve to pump oil into said annular area to cool said riser tube and said gas mixture of a first temperature as it flows through said riser tube. |
| 15. | The apparatus according to claim 14 in which said oil pumping means is connected with a crankcase of said internal combustion engine and said sleeve to draw oil from said crankase and pump it into said annular area to cool said riser tube; and said sleeve is connected with said crankcase to allow said oil to return to said crankcase after cooling said riser tube and said gas mixture of a first temperature flowing through said riser tube. |
| 16. | The apparatus according to claim 4 further comprising an adjustable stop means in said valve body which can be adjusted to control the stroke of said valve means. |
| 17. | The apparatus according to claim 4 further comprising an adjustable stop means in said valve body which can be adjusted to mechanically close off said valve means. |
| 18. | An apparatus for the extraction of a gas mixture under pressure from the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine into a receiver circuit comprising: a riser tube connected with said combustion chamber for communicating said gas mixture under pressure from said internal combustion engine to a location outside said engine; a sleeve around said riser tube defining an annular area between the exterior of said riser tube and said sleeve; and oil pumping means connected with said sleeve to pump oil into said annular area to cool said riser tube and said gas mixture under pressure as said gas mixture under pressure flows through said riser tube. |
| 19. | The apparatus according to claim 18 in which said oil pumping means is connected with a crankcase of said internal combustion engine and said sleeve to draw oil from said crankase and pump it into said annular area to cool said riser tube and said gas mixture under pressure as said gas mixture under pressure flows through said riser tube. |
| 20. | The apparatus according to claim 19 in which said sleeve is connected with said crankcase to allow said oil to return to said crankcase after cooling said riser tube and said gas mixture under pressure flowing through said riser tube. |
| 21. | A method for extracting a portion of a hot exhaust gas mixture under pressure from the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine through an extractor valve, cooling it, and utilizing it to cool the components of the extractor valve comprising the steps of: connecting one end of a riser tube in fluid communication with said combustion chamber and connecting the inlet of an extractor valve body at another end of said riser tube, said riser tube having a concentric sleeve surrounding its exterior defining an annulus therebetween connected with an oil pumping means, and said extractor valve body having and an outlet, a valve seat, valve means, and a second inlet for receiving cooled gases; whereby said valve means is urged into sealing engagement with said valve seat by the pressure in said valve body when said pressure in said valve body exceeds the pressure in said riser tube, and urged away from said valve seat by said pressure in said riser tube when said pressure in said riser tube exceeds said pressure in said valve body during the operation of said internal combustion engine; cooling a portion of said hot exhaust gas mixture which passes from said combustion chamber past said valve means; and recirculating the cooled exhaust gas mixture back to said extractor valve body second inlet and mixing it with a currently produced hot exhaust gas mixture passing through said extractor valve body such that said portion of cooled exhaust gas mixture will mix with said currently produced hot exhaust gas mixture passing through said extractor valve body thereby reducing the temperature of said currently produced gas mixture; and pumping oil into said annulus to cool said riser tube and said hot exhaust gas mixture as it flows through said riser tube. |
| 22. | A method for cooling the hot exhaust gas mixture of a combustion engine having a first temperature utilizing a cooling gas of a second temperature lower than the first temperature to lower the temperature of the exhaust gas mixture comprising the steps of: connecting the inlet of an extractor valve body in fluid communication with said combustion engine to receive said hot gas mixture of a first temperature, said extractor valve body having and an outlet, a valve seat, valve means, and a second inlet connected with a source of a cooling gas mixture having a second temperature lower than said first temperature; whereby said valve means is urged into sealing engagement with said valve seat by the pressure in said valve body when said pressure in said valve body exceeds the pressure of said hot exhaust gas of a first temperature, and urged away from said valve seat when said pressure of said hot exhaust gas mixture of a first temperature exceeds said pressure in said valve body during the operation of said combustion engine; and introducing said cooling gas mixture having a second temperature lower than said first temperature from said source into said extractor valve body second inlet to mix it with said hot exhaust gas mixture of a first temperature thereby reducing the temperature of said hot exhaust gas mixture. |
| 23. | A method for extracting a hot exhaust gas mixture under pressure from the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine through a riser tube and utilizing oil contained in the crankcase of the internal combustion engine to cool the hot exhaust gas mixture passing through the riser tube comprising the steps of: connecting one end of a riser tube in fluid communication with said combustion chamber to conduct said hot exhaust gas mixture to the exterior of the internal combustion engine, said riser tube having a concentric sleeve surrounding its exterior defining an annulus therebetween connected with the crankcase of said internal combustion engine through an oil pumping means; and pumping oil from said crankcase into said annulus to cool said riser tube and said hot exhaust gas mixture as it flows through said riser tube. |
This invention relates generally to the production of nonflammable gases for use in drilling and service operations such as in oil and gas wells; and more particularly to a process and apparatus which extracts engine exhaust gas directly from the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, and then scavenges, cools, cleans, compresses it, and utilizes a portion of the cooled gas for cooling the parts of the extractor valve and recirculates engine oil along riser tubes connected to the extractor valve to precool the gases before they arrive at the extractor valve.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Nonflammable gases are used in oil and gas well drilling and service operations such as underbalanced drilling, geothermal drilling, lightening oil well fluids to initiate production, well cleaning, fracing, and other well operations.
Historically, most of these operations have been done by an expensive cryogenic liquid nitrogen process. High pressure exhaust production processes have substantial economic and environmental advantages relative to the cryogenic liquid nitrogen processes, however, the high temperatures inherent in high pressure exhaust production has provided a need for necessary solutions to make it practical.
The present invention provides a solution to the high temperature problem encountered in high pressure exhaust production by a process and apparatus which extracts engine exhaust gas directly from the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, and then scavenges, cools, cleans, and compresses it, and utilizes a portion of the cooled gas for
cooling the parts of the extractor valve and recirculates engine oil along riser tubes connected with the extractor valve to precool the gases before they arrive at the extractor valve.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide temperature reductions on exhaust gas extraction means which will extend their service lives.
It is another object of this invention to recirculate produced and cooled exhaust gas past valve parts within a high pressure environment to yield an average ambient temperature in which the working parts can survive.
Another object of this invention is to recirculate oil past key components in the extractor valve assembly to afford cooling of the parts.
A further object of this invention is to recirculate oil past key components in the extractor valve assembly to assist in the cooling of the gases within the parts.
A still further object of this invention is to provide reductions in the outer surface temperatures of the components for environmental and human safety.
Other objects of the invention will become apparent from time to time throughout the specification and claims as hereinafter related.
The above noted objects and other objects of the invention are accomplished by a process and apparatus which extracts engine exhaust gas directly from the cylinders of an internal combustion engine, and then scavenges, cools, cleans, compresses it, and utilizes a portion of the cooled gas for cooling the parts of the extractor valve and recirculates engine oil along riser tubes connected with the extractor valve to precool the gases before they arrive at the extractor valve.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is an overall hydraulic circuit drawing of a service gas generation system which incorporates and demonstrates the process and apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal cross section through an extractor valve assembly in accordance with the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings by numerals of reference, there is shown in Fig. 1, an overall hydraulic circuit drawing of a service gas generation system which incorporates and demonstrates the process and apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
The system is built around a standard internal combustion engine 10, having a radiator 11, a block 12, pistons 13, valves 14, and a head 15. The engine can be a two-cycle or four-cycle engine, depending upon a variety conditions. In the present system, some of the conventional exhaust valves 14 are replaced by riser tubes 20 which have extractor valves 21 installed on each of them.
During the normal compression cycle in the internal combustion engine, the remaining exhaust valves 14 operate normally. The extractor valves 21 are manufactured to allow opening and production of some of the cylinder head gases past the extractor valve after the combustion has been initiated. During a portion of each rotation of the engine on two-cycle engines or on every other rotation on a four¬ cycle engine, hot gases will be produced past the valve elements within the extractor valve assembly.
Produced gases are taken out line 30, through converter 31, through line 32, through cooler 33, through dehydrator/cleaner 34, and to a tee 35.
A portion of the cooled gases at tee 35 are taken through line 40, through recirculator pump 41, through line 42, and back into the extractor valves 21. The constant recirculation caused by recirculator pump 41 causes cooled exhaust gases to be pumped across the extractor valves 21, giving a continuous cooling to the internal parts. Without the benefits of cooling techniques such as this, the temperatures of the high temperature produced gases are high enough to degrade the valve mechanisms.
The portion of the gases drawn off along line 50 from tee 35, through control valve 51, through flow rate meter 52, and along line 53 is the volume of gases delivered to the end user.
Secondary compressor system 60 and tertiary compressor system 65 utilize excess horsepower from the engine 10 through the power takeoff assembly 70 to compress the produced gases to higher levels for various applications. U.S. Patent 5,276,838, which is hereby incorporated by reference, discloses detailed information on this type of compression process. Various service operations will require pressure as high as 5,000 p.s.i. and 10,000 p.s.i. Produced gas can be taken through outlet valves 71, 72, or 73, depending upon the secondary compression required for a particular application.
Fuel pump 80 draws fuel from the fuel tank used by engine 10 or from other fuel sources, if a separate fuel or chemical injection is desired. This fuel is pumped along line 81 to converter 31. The fuel pump 80 is shown driven by shaft 82 off one of the drives on the rear of engine 10.
Oil pump 90 is shown driven by shaft 91 off one of the rear drives of engine 10 and drawing oil directly from crankcase 92 of engine 10. The oil passes through cooler 93, along lines 94-97 and into an annular circulation area 98 of the riser tubes 20. This oil serves to cool the riser tubes and is then vented into the head 15 of engine 10 and allowed to flow by gravity back to the crankcase 92.
Liquids separated from the produced gas by the dehydrator/cleaner 34 are taken by line 100 to the engine exhaust system 101 for revaporization as exhaust gas 102.
Referring now to Fig. 2, head 15 is shown which is a portion of engine 10 in Fig. 1. The lower portion 200 of the head 15, the upper portion 201 of piston 202, and the wall of the cylinder 203 form the combustion chamber 204 of the engine.
Seat pocket 205, exhaust passage 206, and bore 207 allow for the insertion of the riser tube 220 and the spacer 221 into the head 15.
Riser tube 220 has a bore 222 for communication of gases away from the combustion chamber 204, a shoulder 223 for trapping spacer 221 in place in the seat pocket 205, an intermediate thread 224, an upper thread 225, and an upper seal area 226.
An annular passageway 230 is formed outside the riser tube 220 and within lower sleeve 231 and upper sleeve 232. Upper sleeve 232 has an internal thread 233 which engages intermediate thread 224 and, when engaged, holds down on conical spring washers 234, lower sleeve 231, and packing 235.
Rocker cover 236 seals around the upper sleeve 232 with O-ring 237 and seals to the head 15 with seal 238.
Cooling body 240 receives oil from one of the lines 94-97 (shown in Fig. 1) at a port 241, sends it through bypass sleeve 242, down the annular area 230 outside the riser tube 220 and inside upper sleeve 232 and lower sleeve 231, and out ports 243 on lower sleeve 231. The oil will then return to the engine crankcase 92 (Fig.l) by gravity flow.
Bypass sleeve 242 has an internal thread 244 which engages the upper thread 255 to hold the cooling body 240 onto the riser tube 220.
Seat 250 has a lower seal pocket 251 for engaging seal area 226. Seat 250 also provides internal passage 253 and valve seat 254 for ball 256.
Valve body 260 sealingly engages seat 250 at metal shoulder 261 and is held together by bolting 262 (partially shown). Valve body 260 provides an upper seal pocket 264, outlet seal pocket 265, and inlet seal pocket 266.
Adjustable stop 270 has threads 271 for engaging valve body 260, and provides stop shoulder 272 for ball 256. Adjustable stop 270 sets the limitation in the travel allowed for the ball 256 between the closed position on its seat 254 and the fully open position. Gland 274 loads packing 275 into seal pocket 264 to seal against threads 271.
Seal ring 280 engages seal pocket 265 on the valve body 260 and seal pocket 281 of outlet manifold 282. Outlet manifold 282 communicates the produced gases away from the extractor valve assembly 21 through line 30 (Fig.l).
Seal ring 290 engages seal pocket 266 on the valve body 260 and seal pocket 291 of inlet manifold 292. Inlet manifold 292 communicates the cooling gases into the extractor valve assembly 21 through line 42 (Fig.l).
Arrow 300 shows the direction of flow of gases directly from the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. These gases can, at times, be at temperatures which exceed the approximately 2400 degrees Fahrenheit melting point of the metals of which the parts are manufactured. As described before, engine oil is circulated down the exterior of the riser tube 220 to keep the riser tube itself within a reasonable operating temperature.
In normal operation, arrow 301 shows the direction in which the high temperature gases will pass through the valve seat 254 and past ball 256 only about one-quarter of the time or less. The remaining three-quarters of the time the valve parts within the valve body 260 would still be exposed to the hot gases. The present invention introduces a portion of the cooled gases in the range of 100-200 degrees Fahrenheit into
the inlet and across the valve parts for this three-quarter time period, and gives an average ambient temperature more in the range of 700 degrees Fahrenheit. This critical reduction in the average temperature is essential to the long term service life of the components within the extractor valve, and to reduced outer surface temperatures on various metal components.
The foregoing disclosure and description of this invention are illustrative and explanatory thereof, and various changes in the size, shape, and materials, as well as the details of the illustrated construction may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.