| US4077301A | 1978-03-07 | |||
| US5303689A | 1994-04-19 |
| STATEMENT OF CLAIMS 1) A shapeable hot-scoop tool 200, comprising vertical cutting edge 201 and inclined cutting edge 201 A, forming a loop with a V-shaped hollow portion 20 IB, the angle of the V-shape adjustable by a CNC system. The joint between 201 and 201A is weakened by a slit 203 at the top, so that the angle can be adjusted without much force coming to the 201 vertical edge. 2) The tool 200 in claim 1, where the end of inclined edge 201 A passes thru a pivoted tube 206, the position of the pivot point 208 controlled by rotating a lever or disk 209 (208 lies on the disk 209). 3) The tool 200 of claiml, where the cutting edges 201 and 201 A are made of hollow metal tubes, with an insulated heating wire 202-205 passing through the tubes, thus heating the tube. 4) The tool 200 of claim 1 where the inclined edge 201 A is made of a flexible spring material 403, with edge of the spring held on a rotary axis 406, such that end tangent direction of 403 is controllable, thus bending the cutting edge 403 to desired curved shape. 5) The tool 200 of claiml, where in the vertical edge of the tool is mounted along a rotary axis of a CNC machine and controlled to achieve desired material removal on the raw material. 6) The tool 200 of claiml, optionally comprising of two inclined cutting edges, with each edge's angle with respect to vertical controllable independently, forming a double V-tool. 7) Cutting tool 500 comprising of two vertical edges 501, 503 and a bottom composite cutting edge (502,504), forming a rectangular hollow portion 501 A, with insulated heating wire 505 passing through the hollow tubes (501, 502, 503, 504). 8) Cutting tool 500 of claim 7, where the vertical cutting edge 503 is attached to a CNC controlled linear axis, such that the distance between 501 and 503 is adjustable. 9) Cutting tool 500 of claim 7, where one end of the insulated heating wire 505 is fixed and other end passes over pulley 507 and then attached to a fixed point 508. 10) Cutting tool 500 of claim 7, mounted on a 3 or 4-axis CNC mc for scooping material as claimed in patent 20174103059. 11) The tool 500 of claim 7, modified such that the vertical tubes are active hot knifes, with a small loop of wire 1103 at the tip, through which a bare heating wire is passed, thus forming the loop. This way constant temperature can be maintained all along the scoop, by independent control of knife and hotwire temperatures and current (II, 12, 13), also distance between 501 and 503 is adjustable. 12) A shapeable scooping tool 700, comprising of vertical hollow tube edges 701, 702, another central hotknife edge 706 and a bottom flexible hollow tube 703, with middle of 703 attached to the bottom tip of 706, with 706 in turn mounted on a linear axis 707, thus controlling the shape of the bottom cutting edge 703. 13) The cutting tool 700 of claim 12, with insulated heating wire 704, 705 passing through the edges 701, 702 and 703. 14) The tool 700 of claim 12, mounted on a XYZA CNC system for material scooping. 15) A ring sensor 802, comprising of metallic rings, placed concentric to the heating wire 803, such that if wire deflects by cutting force, the wire 803 will touch the ring sensor 802, thus the effective length of the heating wire decreases, resulting in more current and heat in the wire. 16) Ring sensor 802 of claim 15, comprising of multiple concentric metal rings, so that multiple deflection level of the wire can be detected. Also ring sensor consists of current sensor in the shorting/bypass circuit, so feedback on deflection state is available to the controller. 17) An integrated clamp design, which ensures the ring sensor is always concentric to the wire, also facilitating easy changing of wire on string breakage and also easy adjustment of inter-string distance in multi-string cutting scenario as explained in patent #201841022791. 18) A camera sensor 809, placed such that camera is perpendicular and co-axial to the heating wire 803, viewing at a conical bead of material 810, stringed on to the wire, thus detecting wire deflection in 360 degrees and also measuring the kerf width on the foam being cut. 19) A 3D camera sensor 900 comprising of camera 905, and a line laser 904, both at 45 deg to each other and looking down on the wire 903, thus camera viewing the spot on which the laser line falls on the wire, thus detecting deflection of the wire in 360 degrees. 20) Using of above lag detection system any one or combination of 802, 809, 900 for block edge detection at start of cut and also for wire cut sensing. |
FIELD OF INVENTION
[001] This invention relates to the field of CNC profile cutting. This invention proposes a special tool and cutting method, which enables the shape of the tool to be dynamically controlled automatically, thus achieving desired material removal. The present application is based on, and claims priority from an Indian Application Number 201741029777 filed on 22 nd August 2017, 201841022791 filed on 19th June 2018, 201741041577 filed on 20th November 2017 and 201743036596 filed on 16th October 2017 the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein
[002] This invention also proposes a sensor for monitoring the deflection of the cutting tool, thus preventing, correcting geometric in-accuracies because of cutting tool deflection.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[003] In CNC profile cutting machines, it is often required to remove material by scooping.
[004] But it is necessary to change the shape of the scooping tool depending on design. This is usually a manual and time-consuming process, prone to dimension errors.
[005] Hence there is a need to develop a new tool and cutting method, which enables the shape of the tool to be dynamically controlled automatically, thus achieving desired material removal. [006] Also cutting tool deflection causes geometric in-accuracies. Hence there is a need to develop a sensor for monitoring and correction of the deflection.
OBJECT OF INVENTION
[007] The principal object of this invention is to develop a new tool and cutting method, which enables the shape of the tool to be dynamically controlled automatically, thus achieving desired material removal.
[008] Another objective of this invention is to develop a sensor for monitoring the deflection of the cutting tool, thus preventing, correcting geometric in-accuracies because of cutting tool deflection.
[009] These and other objects of the embodiments herein will be better appreciated and understood when considered in conjunction with the following description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the following descriptions, while indicating preferred embodiments and numerous specific details thereof, are given by way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the embodiments herein without departing from the spirit thereof, and the embodiments herein include all such modifications.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
[0010] This invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, throughout which like reference letters indicate corresponding parts in the various figures. The embodiments herein will be better understood from the following description with reference to the drawings, in which: [0011] FIG. 1 depicts the proposed half-V adjustable tool along with the actuation mechanism.
[0012] FIG 2 depicts the half-V adjustable tool at different angular positions.
[0013] FIG 3 depicts the proposed half V curved adjustable tool.
[0014] FIG 4 depicts the half V curved adjustable tool at different curvatures.
[0015] FIG 5 depicts proposed long hot knife with flexible spring outer, taking different curved shapes.
[0016] FIG 6 depicts the proposed adjustable rectangular scooping tool.
[0017] FIG 7 depicts the proposed adjustable rectangular scooping tool combo forming a complex shape.
[0018] FIG 8 depicts the proposed adjustable curved scooping tool.
[0019] FIG 9 depicts the proposed adjustable curved scooping tool at different curvatures.
[0020] FIG. 10 depicts the proposed wire lag detection system using RING sensor.
[0021] FIG. 11 depicts the proposed wire lag detection system using camera sensor and a bead.
[0022] FIG. 12 depicts the proposed wire lag detection system using camera plus LASER sensor.
[0023] FIG. 13 depicts the proposed wire lag detection system using camera and LASER sensor (top view)
[0024] FIG. 14 depicts the proposed composite hotscoop. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
[0025] The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. For example, it should be noted that while some embodiments are explained with respect to cutting of EPS material using Heated wire, any other application may also incorporate the subject matter of the invention with little or no modifications. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
[0026] The embodiments herein describe an intelligent automated cutting method using shapeable tool. Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1 through 14, where similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the figures, there are shown embodiments.
[0027] FIG 1 shows a variable angle scooping tool, in the shape of a half-V.
[0028] It consists of a vertical cutting edge 201 and an inclined cutting edge 201a. The cutting edges are typically hollow metal tubes. Through the hollow tubes, Insulated heating wire (NiCr etc.) 202-205 is passed through, to achieve heating.
[0029] For 3D scooping the tool is typically mounted such that the vertical edge 201 is along a rotary position CNC axis (typically C axis with axis along Z-axis). It is desirable to keep the vertical element at center always without deviating. A slit 203 is taken in the hollow tube and then bent. This will ensure bending happens easily at the joint without much force.
[0030] The actuator for changing the angle is also shown in FIG1. It consists of a larger circular disk or lever 209 with center of rotation 210. 208 is a pivot point on disk 209. Disc 207 is free to rotate about pivot point 208.
[0031] Another hollow tube 206 is fixed to the disc 207. The ID of 206 is slightly larger than the OD of 201a, such that 201a can freely slide inside 206.
[0032] By controlling the angular position of disc 209, by using a rotary actuator, it is possible to control the angle of the tool between 201 and 201a.
[0033] Heating wire 205 coming out of one end of 201a is flexible and is electrically connected for powering the wire for heating. Since the wire is flexible, it can maintain contact even during the angular motion
[0034] FIG2 shows the self-alignment of disc 207 and hence tube 206 at different angul ar position of 201 a.
[0035] Sometimes it is desirable for cutting edge 201a to be curved. FIG 3 shows an arrangement to achieve this. It consists of a vertical cutting edge 401 and a -45 deg bend 402. 403 is a hollow flexible spring attached on one end to 402 and held on another end to a disc 406, which is connected to a CNC controlled rotary actuator.
[0036] By rotating disc 406, the ending tangent of the flexible spring 403 can be controlled. By this method, 403 can assume a concave or convex shape as shown in FIG4. [0037] Flexible spring with a heating element inside is a very useful tool that can be used in multiple situations. In patent application 201743028765, the long cutting tool needs to bend. This can be achieved by using flexible spring as outer element and heating wire as inner element, allowing the tool to easily bend and un-bend, resulting in a compact system.
[0038] The flexible spring can be made to take a curved shape by controlling the start tangents at both ends of the wire, where it is held. The distance between the 2 holding points can also be adjusted. Thus, it becomes possible to adjust the shape of the cutting wire dynamically as shown in FIG 5. A camera can be optionally used to check the shape of the wire and the feedback can be used to achieve exact desired shape.
[0039] For packing application, it is desirable to have a scooping tool of variable width. FIG 6 shows the scoop tool arrangement, where the width can be controlled manually or by a rotary actuator connected to a CNC controller.
[0040] Referring to FIG 6, The tool consists of vertical cutting edge 501, horizontal cutting edge 502, Another horizontal cutting edge 504 and another vertical cutting edge 503. The cutting edges are typically thin hollow metal tubes. Insulated heating wire 505 to 506 is passed through the hollow tubes to achieve heating action.
[0041] The ID of 504 is slightly larger than OD of 502, such that 502 can easily slide inside 504.
[0042] By moving the tubes 503 & 504 to left or right, the effective width of the tool can be decreased or increased respectively. This operation can be manual or automatic. [0043] Angular position of Pulley 509 is controlled by a CNC controlled rotary actuator. String/belts 511 & 512 pass over idler pulley 510.
[0044] Tube 503 is attached to bottom belt 511. (or to top belt 512 if pulley 509 is to the left of the 503 tube)
[0045] Thus, by rotating the actuator, the position of tube 503 and hence the width of the tool can be controlled.
[0046] As width of the tool decreases or increases, the heating wire 505-506 tends to slacken/stretch respectively.
[0047] For small strokes, this string can be spring loaded to overcome slacking/stretching. In fact, the entire horizontal tubes 502 & 504 can be replaced by a single flexible hollow spring: for smaller strokes.
[0048] For longer strokes, the wire 506 is passed over idler pulleys 507 & 508 (optional) and wound on to the driver disc 509.
[0049] Now when tool width decreases, the excess wire will get wounded onto 509, preventing slacking and vice-versa.
[0050] For packing, it is desirable to have wires bent in different shapes as shown in FIG7. This can be achieved by using multiple variable width tools placed next to each other as shown in FIG 7.
[0051] FIG 7 shows tools 602-603-604-605 and tool 606-607-608-609 mounted very near to each other, resulting in the desired shape.
[0052] The overall tool can be raised up/down to achieve variable depth also.
[0053] FIG 8 shows a shapeable scooping tool whose shape & profile radius can be controlled. [0054] It consists of hollow vertical tubes 701 & 702. 703 is a hollow flexible spring attached between 701 & 702.
[0055] 704-705 is an insulated heating element that passes through 701, 703 & 702, thus heating all 3 tubes.
[0056] 706 is another optional hollow tube cutting edge whose bottom tip is attached to middle of 703.
[0057] 706 can be moved up/down along axis 707.
[0058] Distance Dl between 701 & 702 is adjustable manually or automatic.
[0059] By controlling Dl and axis 707, the flexible tube 703 can be made to take different shapes as shown in FIG 9.
[0060] A camera can be optionally used to monitor the output shape and fine adjustment of Dl and axis 707 can be effected to achieve the exact desired curved shape.
[0061] While FIG 1 & 2 show a half V tool, the same can be mirrored to achieve a full V cutting tool. Even the 2 half V angles can be controlled independently optionally.
[0062] Half V cutting edge is unique to 3 or 4-axis wire cutting process and can't be achieved in milling tool.
[0063] By controlling XYZC and tool angle and using half or full V tool, complex 3D designs can be machined easily.
[0064] The looped wire cutting is applicable to processes like foam cutting, wire EDM metal cutting etc.
[0065] FIG 10 shows a foam block 804 sitting on base 805. Heating wire 803 is cutting through the block. The wire is held between teethed poles 806. [0066] 801 and 802 are metallic ring sensors mounted around the wire. The rings are held by holder 807, which is attached / clamped to the pole 806 by handle 808.
[0067] As the wire cuts through the block, variation in density causes the wire to lag. When the wire lags in any direction, it will contact the ring sensor.
[0068] When contact happens, the portion of heating wire between 806 to 802
AND 801 to 806a is shorted by the clamp 807.
[0069] Now the same voltage is applied across a shorter heating wire. This raises the wire temperature. This helps the wire to melt the foam faster, helping to overcome the resistance from foam material and become straight again.
[0070] When wire becomes straight, contact with ring sensor is broken and wire returns to the original configuration and temperature.
[0071] This cycle continues keeping the wire straight most of the time.
[0072] The ring sensor can optionally be inductive/capacitive sensors, thus behave like analog sensors, capable of detecting wire lag much earlier for a faster response.
[0073] The resistance of clamp 807 can be optionally controlled/adjusted, thus controlling the effective current/temperature at time of contact with the ring sensor.
[0074] The clamp 807 has a slit in top or bottom, thus allowing for repositioning of the string along the pole 806.
[0075] Multiple string can be used for cutting with similar arrangement for each string.
[0076] In another implementation, a camera 809 is fixed to the pole, looking along the length of the wire. [0077] The wire being very thin is difficult to be spotted by the camera 809.
[0078] It is proposed to have a bead attached to the wire as close as possible to the foam material, but not touching the foam.
[0079] The bead 810 is dark in color and also tapered as shown in FIG 11. This facilitates camera to see the edge of the face of the bead closest to the foam, as displacement is maximum near the foam block.
[0080] When wire lags, the bead is displaced which can be spotted by the camera 809 easily and corrective action can be taken, either by increasing current or decreasing feedrate.
[0081] Camera 809 can also spot the kerf width created by the cutting wire. Tool path can be dynamically compensated based on the measured kerf width. Alternately current thru the wire or feedrate can be adjusted to achieve a constant kerf width.
[0082] In patent application number: 201741016057, holding pins 113 are proposed below the material. In a system with Z-axis (that can move the cutting wire up), the holding pins can be from top also. First the wire will lift up at end of cut, then the pins will be pulled out of the material. This way the cut material attached to the pin will not touch the hotwire (touch can damage the cut part). But in a standalone system without Z- axis, it is preferable to keep the pins at the bottom.
[0083] In patent 201741022340, it is proposed to use metal plates with sharp surface projections as sensors 506 & 507. This helps in quicker detection of the ball arrival. Sharp surface metal plates are given as example. It can be any other pair of conducting contacts. [0084] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.