Shock Absorbers and Suspensions with Trim Correctors

DESCRIPTION [001] The invention refers to a pneumatic trim corrector, designed mounting on the series shock absorbers, or on to special shock absorbers designed this destination, being conform to the preamble of the 1 ^st patent claim.

The shock absorber with trim corrector can be realized in variant it being endowed with metallic spring, or working independently by metallic spring, these being function of the con- struct ivc solution and destination

Function of the situation it can be utilized either unpressurized or pressurized at diverse pressures, to assure the needed buoyant force.

The shock absorber with trim corrector may be utilized either together with the standard spring (metallic etc.) when it takes a part of the load, having only role of trim corrector, or working single when it has to take the whole load and eventually to modify the vehicle trim function of the pilot desire.

The shock absorber with trim corrector has application to the body, cabin, power train, suspensions of the road, rail and aerial vehicles, in vehicles buffers for horizontal and vertical crash protection.

Pressurized it can be utilized like weight balancer for vehicles bonnets, doors etc.

Unpressurized or medium or high pressurized it can be utilized like support, balancer, stabilizer, gear, shock attenuator in terrestrial, naval, aviation, aeronautics civil or military industry, in private and industrial constructions, furniture, for different sports and household applications, inclusive like wind and quake stabilizer.

The invention gives solutions for trim control and adjustment, for mechanical systems position correction, for their isolation and protection to shocks and vibrations, and in the case of vehicles for passing capacity increasing, reducing the number and intensity of the suspensions stopper buffers collisions, stability and comfort improving and mechanical systems protection at shocks and vibrations.

For practical realization, one can utilize standard shock absorbers with imposing modification, but specific solutions are preferable, these assuring top performances at reduced sizes and costs. [002] The usual known solutions of air lift shock absorbers, realized with sleeves or bellows of rubber have the disadvantages of reduced working pressures imposed by reduced mechanical resistance of rubber cushion, this limiting the buoyant forces as well as their sensibility to sharp degrees, dust, mud etc. inconveniently reducing the safety and reliability.

The "Float" solutions, realized by Fox Company, containing a shock absorber under whose dust cover introduces pressurized gas/air, has the disadvantage of floating forces limited by the outer cylinder diameter (proposed solution having active diameter defined by the annular body fastened on the outer cylinder and bearing the sliding sealing elements), the disadvantage of no practicable on each kind of shock absorber (monotube, twin tube, with axial or lat- eral balance chamber, VZN, magneto rheological etc.), the disadvantage of compression stroke limiter missing, the disadvantage of sliding-sealing protection to the dust, mud and debris missing, the disadvantage of body-ground clearance, control and correction missing; These problems are solved based on reliable, compact and inexpensive solutions, comprising the characteristics of the 1 ^st patent claim. The preferred variants are claimed in claims 2 to 25. The shock absorber with trim corrector according to the invention assures a total protection to the debris troughs under the body on the move, this giving increased reliability, the same unlimited working pressures therefore buoyant forces able to compensate the vehicle weight variation between loaded-unloaded states at the cars but also for heavy vehicles, and even to take totally the standard suspension (metallic spring, gas bellows etc.) role, so totally elimi- nating the standard vehicle spring, thus simplifying the construction and reducing the costs. The variants with shock absorber with trim corrector and helicoidally spring with adjustable pretension give the possibility to optimize the suspension rigidity, with favorable effects to stability and comfort.

By endowing with displacement and pressure transducers one ensures desired body ground clearance, thus on bad roads lifting the body increases vehicle passing capacity, while on good roads, descending the body, increases stability and cruise speed.

The trim is evaluated with transducers, the position being displayed on board or on supplementary display, the trim correction being realized manually or automatic, with electro valves, which release the gas/air from desired unit, respectively fill the desired unit with pres- surized gas/air.

Introducing a computer/processor, the data from position and pressure transducers are processed and electro valves are commanded in real time, thus reducing the pitch, roll, dive at breaking, squat at acceleration, improving stability and comfort. The assembly shock absorber-trim corrector is fastened on the vehicle in upper and lower parts by the fastening elements of the standard shock absorber, or with redesigned elements, for better adapting to the new requirements;

[003] According to the invention, the shock absorber with trim corrector has the next advantages:

- has improved reliability comparative to the known solutions with rubber sleeves or bellows being sensitive to the sharp debris and wearing easy in time

- has superior bearing capacity thanks to the increased resistance to upper working pressures comparative to the solutions with rubber sleeves or bellows

- allows shock absorbers equipping with proposed trim corrector easiest

- allows variant containing together pneumatic spring and metallic spring

- allows taking over the integral function of the metallic spring, thus eliminating this, simplifying construction and reducing suspension costs

- allows realization of a complex system for control and correction in real time of the vehicle trim, reducing the roll, pitch, diving at breaking, squat at acceleration at start-up, increasing stability and comfort

[004] Along side the basic solution of shock absorber with trim corrector, there are presented more specific solutions for:

- sealing against the damper rod - 3 solutions

- axial fasten of trim corrector device on the shock absorber rod - 4 solutions

- trim device coupling to the gas/air source - 4 solutions

- trim device sliding seal against the damper outer cylinder - 3 solutions

We give 41 examples of invention achievement conform to the figures 1...63, representing: figure 1 : shock absorber with trim corrector-basic variant (filling with quick valve, sealing with seal member between lead and rod, upper grip with gripping pads, lower grip with elastic bushing)

figure 2: variant Al - Fig. 1

figure 3 : variant A2

figure 4: detail B

figure 5: variant CI

figure 6: variant C2 figure 7: version for damper having rod with socket head and trim corrector with safety valve figure 8: version for damper having rod with socket head, upper grip with bushing and trim corrector with safety valve

figure 9: section D-D

figure 10: detail DA-Safety valve "202"

figure 1 1 : detail DB-Safety valve "203"

figure 12: versions for diaphragm spring "193"

figure 13 : damper with trim corrector equipped with displacement transducer

figure 14: Mac Pherson strut with trim corrector, equipped with displacement and pressure transducers

figure 15: Detail E-Pressure transducer fitting

figure 16: shock absorber with trim corrector filled by pipe nipple with metric thread figure 17: shock absorber with trim corrector, filled by pipe nipple with metric thread, fastened in indrawn collar

figure 18: shock absorber with trim corrector, filled by pipe nipple with taper/gas thread, fastened in indrawn collar

figure 19: shock absorber with piston rod with hex socket head, trim corrector filled by pipe nipple with taper/gas thread, screwed in hub

figure 20: shock absorber with trim corrector filled by pipe nipple, welded directly on the cyl- inder

figure 21 : shock absorber with trim corrector gripped by rubber bushing and filled by pipe nipple welded directly on the cylinder

figure 22: Mac Pearson strut with trim corrector, filled with welded pipe nipple, coupled with threaded or permanent plug coupled to a flexible/rigid pipe

figure 23: version Fl - filling with permanent plug coupled to a rigid pipe

figure 24: version F2 - filling with permanent plug coupled to a flexible pipe

figure 25: shock absorber with trim corrector filled with mechanical valve mounted in a hub, welded against cylinder

figure 26: shock absorber with trim corrector with filler rod endowed with wrench head and upper grip with gripping pads

figure 27: version Gl - filling with permanent plug coupled to flexible pipe

figure 28: version G2 - filling by permanent plug coupled to rigid pipe

figure 29: shock absorber with trim corrector with filler rod having socket head and upper grip with gripping pads

figure 30: version HI - filling by permanent plug coupled to flexible pipe

figure 31 : version H2 - filling by permanent plug coupled to rigid pipe

figure 32: Mac Pearson strut with trim corrector with filler rod

figure 33: variant II - filling with permanent plug coupled to flexible pipe

figure 34: version 12 - filling with permanent plug coupled to rigid pipe

figure 35: filler rod coupled with pipe nipple connected to standard auto plug

figure 36: pipe nipple for coupling to standard auto plug, connected on rod endowed with wrench head

figure 37: pipe nipple for coupling to standard auto plug, connected on rod endowed with socket head

figure 38: filler rod with wrench head for version having upper grip by elastic bushing figure 39: filler rod with socket head for version having upper grip by elastic bushing figure 40: sealing with seal member between lid and rod, and axial fastening by threaded hub figure 41 : sealing with seal member between support washer and lid and axial fastening by wide nut

figure 42: detail J - gasket (49)

figure 43 : sealing with gasket between support washer and lid, the assembly fastened only by standard gripping solution

figure 44: sealing with gasket between support washer and lid and axial fastening with threaded spacer hub

figure 45: sealing with gasket between support washer and lid, with axial fastening by wide nut and gripping with elastic bushing on the rod endowed with wrench head

figure 46: sealing with gasket between rod shoulder and lid and axial fastening with two nuts and gripping with elastic bushing on the rod endowed with socket head

figure 47: rod sealing and fastening, against the lid with taper fitting, fastened by threaded spacer hub

figure 48: rod sealing and fastening, against the collared lid with extended taper fitting, fastened by threaded spacer hub

figure 49: rod sealing and fastening, against the lid by tapered fitting, fastened by special washer, nut and jam nut

figure 50: rod sealing and fastening, against the collared lid, with dwelling for centering, by extended tapered fitting, fastened with wide nut endowed with collar or with washer and wide nut

figure 51 : Mac Person strut with corrector, with filler rod, sealing and fastening against the collared lid, with dwelling for centering, with extended taper fitting and fastened with wide nut endowed with collar or with washer and wide nut

figure 52: shock absorber with corrector, in version with sliding sealing on the outer cylinder figure 53: variant Kl - Fig. 52

figure 54: version K2 - Fig. 52

figure 55: shock absorber with trim corrector, version with sliding sealing both on corrector cylinder, and outer cylinder

figure 56: version LI - Fig. 55

figure 57: version L2 - Fig. 55

figure 58: shock absorber with trim corrector, variant with integrated coil spring, endowed with displacement transducer without contacts, having emitter-receiver unit and signal reflector

figure 59: shock absorber with trim corrector, variant with integrated coil spring with adjusting tensioning by screw on the outer cylinder, or on a hub fastened against the outer cylinder, endowed with displacement transducer without contacts, having separated units emitter - receiver;

figure 60: Mac Pherson strut with trim corrector, variant with integrated coil spring with ad- justing tensioning by screw on the outer cylinder, or on a hub fastened against the outer cylinder, with displacement transducer without contacts, having emitter-receiver unit and signal reflector;

figure 61 : shock absorber with trim corrector, variant with integrated coil spring with adjusting tensioning by screw placed on the trim corrector cylinder, or on a hub fastened against the trim cylinder, endowed with wire rope displacement transducer

figure 62: block diagram for measurement, analysis, command and control, without gas/air recuperation

figure 63: block diagram for measurement, analysis, command and control, at version with gas/air recuperation

[005] The shock absorber with trim corrector, according to the first accomplishing example - Fig. 1÷6, shows the principle of the proposed pneumatic trim corrector. The proposed trim corrector (206). realizes the wanted buoyant force by controlling the pressure of the pressur- ized gas introduced in a toric chamber (a), pressure acting on the lid (3) fastened against rod (4) of the shock absorber (1), shock absorber having both role of jig element and the same like the working surface for the sliding sealing which closes the toric chamber (a) in the bottom side.

The shock absorber (1) may be any damper kind indifferent of constructive solution (mono or twin tube, magneto rheological - MR, self-correcting VZN etc.) where one replaces the dust shield with a pneumatic cylinder (2), closed by a lid (3).

The toric chamber (a) is delimited inside by the rod (4) and the outer cylinder (19) of the shock absorber Q), in the upper area by a lid (3) rigid on rod (4) and sealed against it with a seal element (5), sideways by an outer cylinder (2) rigid with the lid (3), being closed at the bottom part by an annular body (7) rigid against the outer cylinder (19), of the damper (I), on the annular body (7) being one or more troughs endowed with one or more identical/ specialized sealing elements (9)/(10), (1 1), (12) etc whose sealing lips (i)/ (j), (k), (1) etc. sealing against the finished inner surface (m), of the cylinder (2).

The lid (3) is placed on the shoulder (kj _. ) of the cylinder (2) and centered on this through shoulder (gi) who centers on the shoulder (Ir ) of the cylinder (2), both pieces being rigidized and sealed by weld cord (55) applied between the chamfer ( ) of the cylinder (2) and the chamfer (jl) of the lid (3), the joining of the two pieces being realized with weld cord on the upper side of the lid (3), or on the side of the cylinder (2).

In Fig. 2 - Detail Al, the fastening is realized with the weld cord realized in the chamfer formed by the splay face ( _. ) from the lid (3) and splay face ( ) from cylinder (2) upward oriented, and in Fig. 3 -Detail A2 with the weld cord realized inside the chamfer between faces ( ) from the lid (3) and ( ) from the cylinder (2) side oriented.

The lid (3) sits on the shoulder (b) of the rod (4) of the damper (1) and is sealed by the gasket (5), pressed by the splay face (c) from the lid, due to the pressure transmitted by the spacer hub (25) and the gripping pads (21.) and (22) pressed by the washer (23), tensioned with the nut/s (24)/(26) on the thread (d) of the rod (4);

For easy installing on the vehicle, the assembly shock absorber-trim corrector can be maintain assembled with nuts (6)/(40), whose threads (t) tighten on the thread (d) of the rod (4);

To avoid the gearing on the thread end (d), the nut (40) is endowed with a shoulder (u""") and a gap/splay (v""") and under the nut (6) there is a flat/spring washer (39)

The nuts (6)/(40) have only the role to make easier the montage on the vehicle so they can be eliminated, the assembly functionality being assured only by gripping on the vehicle. The lid (3), fasten axially on the shoulder (b) of the rod (4), by screwing the special nut (6)/(40), on the thread (d) from the rod (4), solutions presented in the Details Al-Fig.2 and A2-Fig.3.

The nuts (6)/(40) are endowed with an inner thread (t) for gearing with the thread (d) from the rod (4).

In Fig. 2- Detail Al is presented the version for fastening the lid (3) by nut (6).

In Fig. 3-Detail A2, there are presented two fastening versions, one on the left side and the other on the right side, to avoid the gearing of nuts (6)/(40) in thread (d) end area.

To avoid the gearing on the thread end, the nut (40) is endowed with a shoulder (u""") and a chamfer (ν""")„ version presented in Fig. 2- Detail A2 left, or under the nut (6) placing a flat washer (39), or a spring washer (100), version presented in Fig. 2-Detail A2 right.

Protection of enclosure (a) against solids, dust, mud, water etc. is realized by a protector (212) containing one ore more rows of brushes (213), (214), (215), the bundles of bristles of each row being oriented in the same sense, namely radial, or oriented levogiro and/ or dextrorota- tory, depending on the solution adopted, the solution presented in Fig. 1 - Detail B and enlarged detail in Fig. 4.

The gripping of the protector (212) may be realized in diverse solutions, preferably by quick grip favoured by an annular shoulder (r""") from internal face of protector (212) which fastens in a circular through (s""") practiced in cylinder (2).

The annular body (7) fastens against outer cylinder (19) of the damper (i), under bump cup

(8)·

In Fig. 1, the fastening of the annular body (7) against the outer cylinder (19) of damper (1) is realized function of the real exploiting conditions, being only with press-fitting/shrink- fitting, according to the principal figure, or by adding if necessary, a supplementary fastening by weld cord/s (174), solution presented in Detail CI -Fig.5, or by a shoulder (s' ^" "') indrawn in outer cylinder (19), on which the annular body (7) stay directly or on a chamfer (f"") and an easy fastening realized with a safety ring (175), fastened in trough (u""') applied in outer cylinder (19), the safety ring (175) being in contact with the upper face of the annular body (7) or with the chamfer (v'"") applied on this surface, solution presented in the Detail C2-Fig.6. When the fastening system of the annular body (7) on the outer cylinder (19) does not assure the sealing, to avoid the gas/air losses there are used one or more seal rings (69) placed in the trough/s (w') applied in the inner face of the annular body (7).

For a correct functioning the working surface (m) from the cylinder (2) must be concentric with the rod (4) an outer cylinder (19) of the shock absorber (1).

The filling of cylinder (2) with compressed gas/air is realized by a tubeless tire valve (15), whose ending (188) covered with profiled rubber is introduced in orifice (n) practiced in the upper part of the cylinder (2). A flat surface (v) around the orifice (n), favors the fastening and sealing of valve (15), by correcting the shape and thickness in mounting area. The surface (v) can miss if the functionality is assured without it.

The compressed gas/air source may be a pump, a gas tank, a compressor (14) etc.

The link between source Q4) and valve (15) realized through a pipe or hose (32), coupled to the quick valve (15) through a quick plug (33); the connection being permanently or tempo- rary.

When the connection is temporary, the valve (15) is provided with a valve core (34) to allow reducing the pressure, or blocking air leakage. After the socket (33) is disconnected by the quick valve Q5), the entrance is protected and sealed with a cap (35) equipped with a gasket (36). To this end, the valve nozzle (15) is provided with an external thread (cT), which engages with internal thread ( ) of the cover (35).

The pressure in the cylinder (2) is controlled with a manometer (37) of the compressor, or an independent one.

The number, position and type of the sealing elements (9), (10) (IT ) (12) etc., differ depending on the utilization domain and technology used

The Fig. 5 - Detail CI - left and Fig. 6 - Detail C2 - left, present two arranging variants for seal elements (10), (1 1), (12) etc. and in Fig. 5 - Detail CI - right and Fig. 6 - Detail C2- right is presented the version with one seal element (9).

When the external diameter of the annular body (7) is not enough to sustain the seal element/ elements (9)/ (10), (1 1 ), (12) etc. behind these, inside trough (e), respectively troughs (f), (g), (h) etc., introduce/s pusher ring/s (13).

For a good sliding sealing and reliability, the lips (i) (j) (k) (1) etc. of the seals (9), (10), (ϋ), (12) etc. and surface (m) of the cylinder (2) are lubricated.

The piston stroke limitation on compression is realized by an elastic buffer (30), placed round the rod (4), and fastened on it with an inner collar ( ).

In this example, the damper with corrector has upper gripping realized by two gripping pads (21) and (22), whose collars (o) and (pj fitted inside orifice (s) of vehicle mountant (31), fastening radially the rod (4). The axial fastening of the rod (4) being realized between the lower face (q) of upper pad (21 ) and upper face (r) of lower pad (22), by tension realized with washer (23) strengthened by nut (24), screwed on thread (d) of rod (4) belonging damper (1). The axial constriction of the pads (21) and (22) is limited by spacer hub (25), mounted on the upper end of rod (4), inside the two pads (21 ) and (22). To avoid unscrewing, the nut (24) is self-locking nut, or is used a nut (26) and blocking nut (63).

The shock absorber with corrector is gripped in the inferior part by an elastic bushing formed by an outer hub (27) and an inner hub (28) linked by a rubber bushes (27), the metallic hub (28) being fastened against inferior part of the outer cylinder (19), of the damper (!) and metallic hub (29) being gripped to the vehicle axle with a bolt. [006] Damper with trim corrector, according to the second accomplishing example - Fig. 7 uses the same elements specific for trim corrector used in the basic version, presented in Fig. l the differences regard only the rod (67) and the overpressure limiter (191) introduced to avoid the trim corrector damage.

The damper uses instead rod (4) with external wrench head a rod (67) having to the upper end a socket head (z^), option that allows other developments outlined below.

The overpressure limiter (191) fastens with thread (a'""" ) geared with thread (b"""') of bushing (189), whose collar (d"" is centered inside orifice (e"") of cylinder (2), the weld cord (190) between hub (189) and splay (t"") practiced on cylinder (2), around orifice (e"") ensuring both pieces fastening. The communication between the pressure limiter (191) and enclo- sure (a) of cylinder (2) realizes by an orifice ( ^) inside hub (189).

[007] The shock absorber with trim corrector according to the third accomplishing example - Fig. 8 uses the same elements specific to trim corrector with the basic version-Fig. 1 , the differences being the rod (67), the lid (3) fastened with a nut (26), the pressure limiting valve with diaphragm spring (193) and ball (192), as well as the gripping on vehicle with elastic bushing (57).

Rod (67) is similar to rod (4) -Fig. 7, the difference being the ending with socket head (τ ). Lid (3) fastening on rod (67) realizes with a nut (26), between the lid (3) and nut (26) there is a washer (39) to avoid the ending area of trough (d). Unscrewing is realized by jam nut (63). Gripping on the vehicle of the assembly damper-trim corrector gripping realizes in upper part with an elastic bushing (57), whose hub (61) fastens by screwing the thread (vf ) against the thread (d) of the rod (67), fastening being assured by jam nut (63).

The rubber bushing (57), is realized by rubber bushes (58) fitted between inner metallic hub (59) and outer metallic hub (60), the hub (60) being rigid with threaded hub (61), with weld cord (62). To favor assembly the threaded hub (61) has hexagonal external profile.

The pressure-limiting valve with diaphragm spring (193) and ball (192) is presented in Fig. lO-Detail DA

[008] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the fourth accomplishing example Fig. 9÷12 uses the same specific elements for trim corrector with the basic variant presented in Fig. 1, the difference being only the elements for pressure measuring and limiting, to avoid destruction.

The section D-D-Fig.9 shows montage of tubeless tire valve ( 15), pressure transducer (117) and for two overpressure valves (202) and (203), last two valves being presented in details DA-Fig. 10 and DB-Fig. l 1. Pressure transducer (1 17) and valves (202) and (203), are positioned function of constructive solution.

The pressure transducer (1 17) is fitted in a hub (120), centered with an annular collar (d"") in orifice (e''") of the cylinder (2), the hub (120) being fastened with a weld cord (121), on the flat surface (t"") from cylinder (2) centered against orifice (e"").

The pressure transducer (1 17) is fitted in inner thread (u"") practiced in orifice (v"") from hub (120), orifice assuring the linkage between transducer (1 17) with pressurized gas from toric enclosure (a).

A gasket (122) assures transducer (1 17) sealing against hub (120);

A pneumatic accumulator (204) coupled to the inner tread (u"") of a hub (120), allows modification of the law of pressure variation with stroke;

Detail DA - Fig. 10, presents assembly of pressure limiting valve (202) realized by a ball (192) sited on the valve seat (d'""") from body (189) and closed channel (v"") communica- tion with the atmosphere, due to the tension created by the diaphragm spring (193), tensioned by nut (194) endowed with grooves/ socket/ borings (f"'")/ ( """)/ (k"""), the oveipressure pushing the spring and rising the ball (192) from valve seat (d""'") and thus limiting the pressure in the enclosure (a).

The collar (cT!) of hub (189) is centered in orifice (e^) of cylinder (2), the weld cord (190) applied between hub (189) and flat surface (t"") in cylinder (2), in area orifice (e"") assuring both pieces fastening. Hub (189) is endowed with an orifice (v"") ending outside with a threaded area (c""'"), in which fastens the thread (a""'") of nut (194) and of jam nut (195) with grooves/ socket/ borings (f"""V (f "')/ (k ^mm ). Spring (193) can be disc or diaphragm with many spokes (sQ, both being planar or tapered. On both solutions spring (193) has a central orifices (f""") permitting ball (192) seating. When (193) there is a disc spring this must have one or more orifices (g"""') to permit communication with atmosphere, which to variant with diaphragm is realized by spaces between spokes.

Nut (194) with socket/grooves is endowed with a central channel (z"""), a dwelling (e'""") in which seating spring (193) edge and in central area nut (194) is endowed with a dwelling (g""") allowing free deformation of spring (193).

Fig. 12 shows three versions for spring (193).

In contrast to pressure limiting valve (202), valve (203) showed in detail DB is a safety valve to overpressure, whose membrane (197) cracks when pressure increases dangerously.

The safety valve (203), showed in detail DB-Fig. l 1 is composed of a calibrated membrane (197) fastened by the socket nut (201) on annular surface (h""") from body (189), or on the gasket (200) seated in dwelling (i""") from body (189), membrane (197) closing thus channel (v"") communication with atmosphere.

The collar (d"") of hub (189) is centered in orifice (e"") of cylinder (2), the weld cord (190) applied between hub (189) and flat surface (t"") in cylinder (2), in area orifice (e"") assuring both pieces fixation. Hub (189) is endowed with an orifice (v"") ending outside with a threade area fb""'"), in which fastens the thread (c"""') of nut (201) and of jam nut (195) with grooves/ socket/ borings (Γ"")/ (i"""V flc"""\

Nut (201) has a central calibrated orifice (z""") .

The membrane (197) sealing is realized either with O ring (198) introduced in annular through (y""") realized in body (189), or with a gasket (200), introduced in annular through (f"") from body (189).

For protection the safety valves (202) and (203) close with lids (199), easily pressed.

[009] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the fifth accomplishing example Fig. 13 uses the same trim corrector specific elements with the basic variant presented in Fig. 1, the differences being in gripping on body and axle solution (but gripping elements being spe- cific to shock absorber) and in equipping with an overpressure valve (203) and with a displacement transducer with rod (42), to evaluate the vertical position for eventual corrections. The lid (3) fitting on rod (4) is realized with nut (6) and counter nut (63).

The enclosure (a) protection against debris, dust, mud, water etc. is realized with a bellow (17), fastened in the upper part on the cylinder (2) with a clamp (18), and in lower side against the outer cylinder (19) of the shock absorber Q), with the clamp (20).

The assembly shock absorber - trim corrector fitting on vehicle is realized in upper part against rod (4) with elastic bushing (57), composed by elastic hub (58) fitted between inner metallic hub (59) and outer metallic hub (60), the hub (60) being rigidized with threaded hub (61), with weld cord (62). The elastic bushing (57) is fasten on rod (4) of damper (1) by thread (Γ) of hub (61 ) and thread (d) of the rod (67), fastening being assured by jam nut (63). For assembly the threaded hub (6J_) has hexagonal external profile.

The lower gripping realizes with a gudgeon (92) on which are fitted gripping pads (21 ), (22) whose collars (o) and (pj fitted inside orifice (gQ of axle mountant (93), fastening radially. The axial fastening being realized between the lower face (g) of upper pad (2J _. ) and upper face (r) of lower pad (22), by pads strengthen between washer (23) and washer (93) strengthened by nut (24), screwed on thread (r^) of gudgeon (92) rigid with weld cord (231) against outer cylinder (19) of damper (J_). The axial constriction of the pads (21) and (22) is limited by spacer hub (25), mounted on the gudgeon (92) of shock absorber (V), inside the two pads (21) and (22).

The vehicle vertical position is established with a displacement transducer (42), whose body (124) is fasten by thread (m"") in a ball joint (125), fitted on the mount (126), mount rigid with cylinder (2). Mount (126) surrounds partially cylinder (2) and extends with two amis (u) each endowed with two aligning orifices (g"") and (h""). In orifices (g"") introduces a bolt (127), fasten with self-locking nut (128) applied on the washer (129) fastening thus the mount (126), on the cylinder (2). The ball joint (125) is fitted inside arms (u) of mount (126), by bolt (132) introduced in orifices (h""), washer (134) and self locking nut (128).

For dust, mud, etc. protection ball joint (125) is protected with a sleeve (135) which covers it. The sleeve (135) has two orifices (j"") permitting bolt (132), passing and a collar (i"") for fitting inside joint (125) and washer (139), the collar strengthen (i"") being limited by spaces hub (225).

The rod (130) of transducer (42) protection realizes with a dust cover (137) fasten on the body (124) of the transducer (42) with collar (r ^) and clamp (141) and against rod ending by strengthening collar (Γ^ΐ) of dust cover (137) between washer (136) seated on rod shoulder G and washer (138), fitted with nut (140).

In thread (m"") of rod (130) belonging to transducer (42) is fitted another ball joint (125) similar to the upper ball joint. The ball joint (125) mounts between the arms of mount (131 ) with bolt (132), washer (134) and nut (133).

Mount (131) surround partially body (19) and fitted on it by arms (f^) strengthening with bolt (132) mounted inside orifices (g"") of mount (131) and fastened by self-locking nut (133) seated on the washer (134).

Signals of transducer (42) are transmitted by electric cord (142), to a unit (145), values being presented on a display (149) placed on board.

[010] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the sixth accomplishing example Fig. 14-15, uses the same trim corrector specific elements with the basic variant the differences being in gripping elements specific to Mac Person strut and in endowing with displacement and pressure transducer.

Filling enclosure (a) with gas is realized by tubeless tire valve (15) with short length and for filling hose access in pan spring (84) is a cutting (a"').

Enclosure (a) protection to debris, dust, mud etc is realized with a protect sleeve (210) fas- tened in upper side on cylinder (2) with a clamp (18) and in lower part against the outer cylinder (19) of damper (1), with a clamp (20).

The assembly shock absorber-trim corrector gripping on vehicle is specific for Mac Person solution.

The upper gripping (81) is composed by nut (82) for fastening bearing (83) and pan (84) of spring (85) on the rod (67) and with buffers (86) and (87) and nut (88).

The pads (86) and (87) are armed with metallic cups (89), respectively (90) and are endowed with a collar (k^), respectively (P), collars fastening in orifice (m") of body mount (91) assuring radial fastening. Axial fastening is realized by lower face (n^) of upper pad (86) and upper face (cT) of lower pad (87), by strengthen with nut (88), screwed on thread (d) of rod (67) of shock absorber (I), the axial tightening being limited by height ( IO of nut (82).

The rod (67) has at upper end an inner wrench profile (z^) a socked head.

Lower grip is realized on kingpin with bolts entering holes (v^) and (w") from arms (u^) of mount (95) rigid with outer cylinder (19) of shock absorber (1)

Trim evaluation is realized similar to Fig. 13 with a displacement transducer (42), the differ- ence being upper grip realized in this case with mount (144) rigid with spring pan (84) by weld cord (241). Mount (144) has two arms (.""") with bores (h"") fastening inside ball joint (125) with bolt (132), washer (134) and self-locking nut (133).

Rod (130) of transducer (42) fasten on/against outer cylinder (19) similar to previous variant Fig. 13.

Signals of displacement transducer (42) are transmitted with electric cord (142) to an analyzing unit (145) being presented on a display (149) placed onboard.

Pressure transducer (1 17) is fastened in a hub (120) centered with an annular collar (d"") in orifice (e"") from cylinder (2), the hub (120) being fastened by a weld cord (121) on flat surface (t"") machined centered to orifice (e"").

Pressure transducer (1 17) is fastened inside inner thread (u"") practiced in channel (v"") from hub (120), the channel assuring transducer connection with toric chamber (a).

A gasket (122) assures sealing transducer (1 17) against hub (120);

Signals of pressure transducer (1 17) are taken by an electric plug (148) and transmitted with an electric cord (147) to an analyzing unit (145) being displayed on a dial (149) placed onboard - Fig 15-Detail E.

[011] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the seventh accomplishing example Fig. 16, shows the solution for cylinder (2) filling with pressurized gas with a pipe nipple (16) fasten by screwing in bore (n) of cylinder (2) purpose adapting pipe Q6) has metric thread (w) and orifice (n) has thread (x). The seal is realized by gasket (45) placed between wrench head (y) from adapting pipe (16) and planar surface (v) from cylinder (2) the planned surface being concentric with orifice (n)

The pipe nipple (16) is endowed at the external end with an outer thread ( T) for connection with quick plug (33)/ threaded plug (43) and inside with a bore (z ). To use a valve core (34), the beginning area of the bore (τ ) have a threaded portion (a^) followed by a sealing area (b") and a collar (c^).

For fastening, the adapting pipe (16) has a wrench cap (y).

The sealing between rod (4) and lid (3) is realized similar to basic version, with gasket (5) tensioned between splay (c) from lid (3) and shoulder (b) of rod (4). The axial fastening is realized with widened nut (217).

The upper gripping is realized with gripping pads (21 ) and (216) having inside them the spacer hub (25), all elements being fastened with nut (24) placed over washer (23). The rub- ber pad (216) is enlarged relative to pad (22) to support supplementary loading, specific for version with integrated suspension spring.

[012] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the eighth accomplishing example - Fig. 17, shows the solution with indrawn collar used when the cylinder (2) thickness is enough for fastening the pipe nipple (16). This purpose in the orifice (n) area in cylinder (2) is realized an indrawn collar (V) with a thread (x), in which fastens the thread (w) of pipe nipple (16)

The sealing is realized with a gasket (45) introduced between head wrench ( ) of pipe nipple (16) and planar face (w"") from indrawn collar (el).

Connection between source (14) and pipe nipple (1_6) is realized with a flexible pipe/hose (32) fastened with clamp (44) on connecting pipe (38) whose collar (yl) is pressed by the collar (q"") of the threaded plug (43) over the gasket (36). This purpose the threaded plug (43) has an inner thread (r"") .

The pipe nipple (16) is endowed at the external end with outer thread (cP) for connection with quick plug (33) / threaded plug (43) and inside with a bore having a threaded portion (all) followed by a sealing area (t>H) a collar (cH) and area (zl) for connection with inner of cylinder (2), the areas (§H), (tT) and (ell) being destined for wheel valve core (34) mounting.

The connecting pipe (38) is endowed with a ram (s"") which opens the valve (34), when the plug (43) is totally coupled.

The sealing rod (4) - lid (3) is realized like the basic version with gasket (5). The axial fastening is realized with nut (6). [013] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the ninth accomplishing example Fig. 18, shows the solution for cylinder (2) filling with pressurized gas with a pipe nipple (48) with taper/gas thread (cl), fasten by screwing in thread(dl) from bore (n) of cylinder (2) solution assuring fitting and sealing.

When the thickness of cylinder (2) is not enough for pipe nipple (48) fastening, in the orifice (n) area is realized an indrawn collar (e_l) with an inner taper/gas thread (d_l).

On the collar (el) is machined o planar face (w"").

The pipe nipple (48) has at free end an outer thread (dT) for plugging with quick plug (33) / threaded plug (43) and inside with a bore having a threaded portion (all) followed by a sealing area (bH) a collar ( T) and area (zl) for connection with inner of cylinder (2). Areas (∑ ), (bjl) si (ell) are destined for wheel valve core (34) mounting.

When plug (33)/ (43) is unplugged the pipe nipple (48) entrance is protected with a valve cap

(35) endowed with a gasket (36).

For montage, the nipple (48) has a wrench head (y). [014] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the tenth accomplishing example Fig. 19, presents the solution for cylinder (2) filling with pressurized gas using a pipe nipple (48), with taper/gas thread (c^), fasten by screwing in thread (cf) from hub (50). The hub (50) cen- ters with collar (F) in bore (n) of cylinder (2) and fastens against cylinder (2) with a weld cord (51) solution assuring the fastening and sealing.

On montage on the thread of nipple, apply sealing cord/tape/paste

The upper gripping is realized with gripping pads (21) and (22) fastened by the washer (23) and nut (24), the pads strengthening being adjusted by a spacer hub (25).

[015] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the eleventh accomplishing example - Fig. 20, presents the solution for cylinder (2) filling with pressurized gas with a pipe nipple (54) centered with collar (m') in bore (n) of cylinder (2) and fastened against cylinder (2) with a weld cord (56), applied between head (y) of nipple (54) and planar surface (y) of the cylin- der (2), in the area of the orifice (n), solution assuring the fastening and sealing.

The pipe nipple (54) has at free end an outer thread ( T) for plugging with quick plug (33) / threaded plug (43) and inside with a bore having a threaded portion (a^) followed by a sealing area (b^) a collar (c^) and area (z^ _. ) for connection with inner of cylinder (2). Areas ( ), (b^) si (c 0 are destined for wheel valve core (34) mounting.

[016] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the twelfth accomplishing example - Fig. 21, presents the solution for cylinder (2) filling with pressurized gas identical with previous variant Fig. 20 and with upper gripping with rubber bushing (57) similar to versions presented in Fig. 8 and Fig.13.

[017] The shock absorber with trim corrector according to the thirteenth accomplishing example - Fig. 22-24, presents the variant Mac Person having cylinder (2) filling with compressed gas/air with a curvilinear pipe nipple (151) formed by a curvilinear pipe (153) fitted in a hub (152), the hub (152) being centered with an axial collar (n ) in filling orifice (n) of cylinder (2) and being fastened by this with weld cord (56), applied between head (y) of hub (152) and machined surface (y) of the cylinder (2), surface (v) being centered in the orifice (n), solution assuring fastening and sealing.

The curvilinear pipe (153) is centered in boring (a""') from hub (152) and is fastened by it with a weld cord (154).

The pipe (153) axis forming the nipple (151) has a curvilinear shape to avoid the vehicle suspension and body components, being oriented either under body, or inside body, the Fig. 22 presenting both variants.

The pipe (153) passes through orifice (a"') of spring pan (84) and orifice/s (p"") from body. The nipple (151) has at free end an outer thread (cT), assuring the plugging with quick plug (33) / threaded plug (43)/permanent plug (68).

In Fig. 22 the nipple (151) positioned under body is filled with a quick plug (33) / threaded plug (43) and in version when the nipple (151 ) entered inside body, the filling is realized with a permanent plug (68) coupled to a rigid pipe (70).

When utilizing quick plug (33)/ threaded plug (43) the free end of pipe (152) is machined inside for permitting the fitting of a valve core (34), version presented in the pipe (153) positioned under body.

Two filling versions with the permanent plug (68) are presented in version Fl to rigid pipe (70) and in version F2 to a flexible pipe (32).

The Fig. 23 presents version Fl and Fig. 24 version F2, both versions use for plugging the permanent plug (68).

The permanent plug (68) has an outer wrench head (h'"), an inner thread (si) coupling with thread (cT) from nipple (151) and an annular collar (q""), which at montage compresses gas- ket (36) of the collar (y ) of rigid pipe (70), respectively of connecting pipe (38) and pipe (153) of curvilinear nipple (151 ) assuring sealing.

The assembly is assured by a jam nut (72).

The pipe (32) fastens on connecting pipe (38) with clamp (44).

This variant the plug (38) can have not the ram (s"").

[018] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the fortieth accomplishing example Fig. 25, presents the solution for cylinder (2) filling with pressurized gas with a mechanic valve (75), fastens in hub (74), the hub (74) being centered with axial collar (z"") in orifice (n) of cylinder (2) and fastened with weld cord (76) on planar surface (y) of cylinder (2) as- suring communication with chamber (a) by orifice (a).

The hub (74) has two flat surfaces (e^) and ( ) normal to the boring (n) axis and an orifice (g!I) the valve body passes through.

On the valve body (75) fittings washer (78) and nut (79) by screwing on thread (h^) of me- chanical valve (75) thus collar ( ) presses gasket (77) assuring fastening and sealing.

When the link with gas/air source Q4) is temporary, the mechanical valve (75) is endowed with a valve core (34) that screws in thread (§ and entrances in sealing area (b^) up to collar to avoid air leakage on unplugging or the reduce the inner pressure.

After quick plug (33)/threaded plug (43) unplugging from mechanical valve (75), the entrance is protected with a valve cap (35) equipped with a gasket (36).

[019] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the fifteenth accomplishing example - Fig. 26-28, presents the solution for cylinder (2) filling with pressurized gas/air through a channel G inside rod (73) of damper (1). The upper part of rod extends after double splay/wrench head ( _) with an area (c""') with thread ( ). Thread (£_ ) can be identical with thread (d) or smaller than wrench head GO and serves for gearing with thread (if) of permanent plug (155).

In rod (73), some radial channels (b'") which link longitudinal channel G with toric cham- ber (c"') between rod (73) and bump (160);

The bumper (160) derive from bumper (30) in which some radial channels (d'") are practiced which assure communication between toric chamber (c'") and enclosure (a) from cylinder (2). The plug (155) permits plugging a flexible pipe (244) or one rigid/semi rigid (71 ). The pipe (71 ) differ by pipe (70) through the dimension of collar (x""), adapted to the shock absorber size.

Version Gl - for filling with flexible pipe (32) is presented in Fig. 27, the solution being similar with solution presented in Fig. 24 - Version F2, differing only the threads sizes, used for coupling to pipe (153), respectively to the rod (73) and the same the sizes of adjacent pieces.

Version G2 - for filling with rigid/semi rigid pipe (71) is presented in Fig. 28, the solution being similar with solution presented in Fig. 23 - Version Fl , differing only the threads sizes, used for coupling to pipe (153), respectively to the rod (73) and the same the sizes of adjacent pieces.

In the case of coupling a flexible pipe (32), this is fastened on the connecting pipe (157) with a clamp (44).

The plug (155) plugging with rod (73) realizes by gasket (156) strengthen between collar (y"") of plug (155) and collar (x"") of plug (157) due to gearing between the thread GO of plug (155 ) with thread (V_) of rod (73). The unscrewing is assured with counter nut (63 ). [020] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the sixteenth accomplishing example - Fig. 29-31, presents the solution for cylinder (2) filling with pressurized gas/air, through a channel (gi) inside rod (99), derived from rod (67).

Plugging of permanent plug (155) to the rod (99) is realized on a portion (c""'), which lengthen the threaded area (d) from rod, the lengthening thread being noted ( ). The rod (99) is equipped in ending part with a socket (z^).

This variant upper gripping on vehicle is realized with nut (24) and jam nut (26), nut (24) being support for plug (155).

Inside rod (99) are practiced some radial channels (b"') connecting longitudinal channel (gl) with toric enclosure (c"') from rod (99) and bumper (160);

The bumper (160) derived of bumper (30) in which are made some radial channels (d'") which assure communication between toric enclosure (c'") with chamber (a) from cylinder (2).

The plug (155) assures plugging with a flexible pipe (244) - Variant HI , or with a rigid/semi rigid pipe (71) - Variant H2.

Version HI for filling with flexible pipe/hose (32) is presented in Fig. 30, the solution being similar with solution presented in Fig. 24 - Detail F2, differing only the threads sizes, function coupling to the pipe (153), respectively to rod (99), differing thus and the adjacent pieces dimensions.

Version H2 for filling with rigid/semi rigid pipe (71) is presented in Fig. 31, the solution being similar with solution presented in Fig. 23 - Detail Fl , differing only the threads sizes, function of coupling to pipe (153), respectively to rod (99), differing thus and the adjacent pieces dimensions.

In the case of filling with flexible pipe (32), this is fastened on the coupling pipe (157) with a clamp (44).

Plug (155) coupling with rod (99) is realized screwing thread (if) of plug (155) in thread ( ) of rod (99), the sealing being realized by gasket (156) strengthening between collar (y"") of plug (155) and collar (x"") of coupling pipe (157)/pipe (71). The unscrewing is assured by jam nut (63).

The shock absorber with trim corrector according to the seventeenth accomplishing example - Fig. 32-34, presents the variant Mac Person having cylinder (2) filling with compressed gas/air with a channel (g ) inside rod (99) of shock absorber, the rod (99) coupled to a perma- nent plug (155).

The permanent plug (155) coupling to rod (99) realizes on an area (c"'"), lengthening thread (d) from rod (67), the long thread of rod (99) being noted ( ). The rod (99) has a socket head

GO- Inside rod (73) there are some radial bores (b"') linking the longitudinal channel (cf^) with toric chamber (c"') of rod (99) and bump (160).

The bump (160) derived from bumper (30) in which( practices) some radial channels are practiced (d'") which realize communication between toric chamber (c"') and chamber (a) from cylinder (2).

The permanent plug (155) assures filling with a flexible pipe (32), or with a rigid semi rigid pipe (71).

Fig. 33 - version II, presents filling with flexible pipe (32), and the solution being similar with the one presented in Fig. 24 - Detail F2, differing only coupling thread sizes function of plugging to pipe (153), respectively to rod (99) and the adjacent pieces dimensions.

Fig. 34 - version 12, presents filling with rigid/semi rigid pipe (71), the solution being similar with the one presented in Fig. 23 - Detail Fl, differing only coupling thread sizes function of plugging to pipe (153), respectively to rod (99) and the adjacent pieces dimensions.

In the case of filling with flexible pipe (32), it fastens on the coupling pipe (157) with a clamp (44).

Plug (155) coupling with rod (99) is realized screwing thread (u ) of plug (155) in thread ( ) of rod (99), the sealing being realized by gasket (156) strengthening between collar (q"") of plug (155) and collar (y^) of coupling pipe (157). Jam nut (63) assures unscrewing.

[022] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the eighteenth accomplishing example - Fig. 35, presents the solution for cylinder (2) filling with pressurized gas/air through a chan- nel (g ) inside rod (99) of damper, the rod (99), being coupled to an adaptor nipple (98), coupled in its turn with a standard auto plug, respectively to threaded plug (43).

The adaptor nipple (98) screwed in thread ( ) of rod (99) assures fastening and sealing strengthening gasket (156) and thus the perfect communication between filling pipe (32)/(70) and longitudinal channel (ql) practiced in rod (99). The jam nut (63) unscrewing assures. The adaptor nipple (98) has an outer thread (( ) for coupling with thread (r"") of plug (43). Linkage between source (14) and adaptor nipple (98) is realized with a flexible pipe (32) fastened with clamp (44) on coupling pipe (38) whose collar ( ) is pressed by the collar (q"") of plug (43) against the gasket (36). Details for adaptor nipple (98) are presented in Fig. 36 and Fig. 37.

[023] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the nineteenth accomplishing example

- Fig. 36, presents the solution for cylinder (2) filling with pressurized gas/air through rod (73), coupled to an adaptor nipple (98), permitting thus filling with standard auto plugs, respectively with permanent plug (68), and with quick plug (33)/threaded plug (43).

Body of adaptor nipple (98) has a hexagonal area (i'") followed by a cylindrical area (Γ") ended with a standard outer thread (d"), and an inner channel designed to get a valve core (34), this purpose the channel has a tlireaded area (a^), a sealing area (b^), a collar (c^) and a transition area (k ^"" ) linking diameter of valve core (34) with the diameter of channel (gj.) from rod (73);

A valve core (34) in mounted in adaptor nipple (98).

Plugging the permanent plug (68)/quick plug (33)/threaded plug (43) to the adaptor nipple

(98) screwing in thread ( ) of prolonger (c'"" ) of rod (73), assures communications between filling pipe (32)/(70) and longitudinal channel (q _. ) practiced inside rod (73);

Fig. 36 shows situation with transition area (k"") from a channel diameter (q ) of rod (73) smaller then the size of valve core (34).

Adaptor nipple (98) has an inner thread (vf_) with size superior to channel (g ) forming a seating surface (v"") for the gasket (156).

To avoid unfitting, a jam nut (63) is used.

[024] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the twentieth accomplishing example

- Fig. 37, presents the solution for cylinder (2) filling with pressurized gas/air through rod

(99) , coupled to an adaptor nipple (98), permitting thus filing with standard auto plugs, re- spectively with permanent plug (68), and with quick plug (33)/threaded plug (43).

Fig. 37 shows situation with transition area (k"") from a channel diameter (q ) of rod (99) bigger than the size of valve core (34).

[025] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the twenty-first accomplishing exam- pie - Fig. 38, presents the solution for cylinder (2) filling with filler rod (73), coupled to the upper gripping realized with filler bushing (96).

The filler bushing (96) derived from upper gripping with rubber bushing (57) whose hub (61) has attached a filling nipple (54) whose channel (z ) communicates with channel ( ^ _. ) from hub (61).

Filling with pressurized gas/air is realized by plugging quick plug (33)/threaded plug (43)/ permanent plug (68) to the thread (cT) of nipple (54) attached to the hub (61), connected in their turn to the rod (73) of shock absorber.

Pipe nipple (54) has an axial collar (m') centering in channel (e'") of threaded hub (61).

A flat surface (f") on hub (61 ) in orifice (e"') area, assures nipple (54) fastening.

A weld cord (97) applied between nipple (54) head and surface (f^_) from hub (6J_) fastening and sealing both pieces.

Pipe nipple (54) has an inner channel designed for fastening a valve core (34) purpose in which the channel has a threaded area (a^), a sealing area (b^), a collar (c^) and an area (ζ'), for communication with channel (qj _. ) from rod (73);

The hub (61) has a channel (q'") enlarged to lower part and endowed with a thread (x^), forming an annular support surface for gasket (156).

The upper part of shock absorber rod forwarding after wrench splay (r ) with a linking area (c'"") endowed with thread ( ), similar to the thread (d) for coupling with thread (x^) of hub

(61).

The wrench head ( ) of rod (73) and the hexagonal shape of hub (6J_) assures fastening, operation strengthening gasket (156), thus fastening and sealing the assembly.

Jam nut (63) prevents unscrewing.

The communication with chamber (a) realizes with channels (zl) from nipple (54), channel (g'") from hub (61), channel (qj _. ) and radial channels (b'") from rod (73), toric chamber (c"') and channels (d'") from bumper (160).

When filling with permanent plug (68), valve core does not use a valve core (34). [026] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the twenty-second accomplishing example - Fig. 39, presents a variant of cylinder (2) filling with filler rod (99) gripped on vehicle with filler bushing (96).

[027] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the twenty-third accomplishing ex- ample - Fig. 40, presents a variant for lid (3) fastening on the annular shoulder (b) of rod (4) with a spacer hub (46) having an inner thread (z) fastened by screwing on thread (d) of rod (4), by a wrench head (a ).

The rod gripping is realized with two gripping pads (21) and (47) fastened with washer (23) and nut (24).

The bumper (47) has a dwelling/chamfer (V) to avoid the wrench head (al) of threaded spacer hub (46). [028] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the twenty-forth accomplishing example - Fig. 41-42, presents a variant for lid (52) sealing against rod (4), when the annular shoulder (b) of rod (4) is small and does not permit gasket (5) seating, situation solved with a gasket (49) placed between chamfer (f) of lid (52) and chamfer (gl) of washer (53), placed on the annular shoulder (b) of rod (4).

The assembly fastens with wide nut (6) and then gripping on vehicle with spacer (25), pads (21) and (22), washer (23) and nut (24).

The system can work after montage on vehicle even without nut (6), (the nut (6) having only role to montage easier) because when gripping on vehicle is done, the strengthening is realized by the spacer hub (25), the pads (21) and (22), by the washer (23) pressed by the nut (24).

For gasket (49), a trapezoidal shape section is recommended - Fig 42.

[029] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the twenty-fifth accomplishing example - Fig. 43, presents a variant for lid (52) sealing against rod (67) with a gasket (49) placed between chamfer (f ) of lid (52) and chamfer (gl) of washer (53), the strengthening and gripping on vehicle realized by spacer (25), pads (21), (22), washer (23) and nut (24).

[030] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the twenty-sixth accomplishing example - Fig. 44, presents a variant for lid (52) sealing against rod (4) with a gasket (49) placed between chamfer (f) of lid (52) and chamfer (gl) of washer (53) and fastening realizes with a threaded spacer hub (46).

The rod gripping is realized with two gripping pads (21) and (47) fastened with washer (23) and nut (24).

The spacer hub (46) has an inner thread (z) which gears with thread (d) of rod (4) and for screwing, has a wrench head (al).

The gripping pad (47) has in upper part an axial collar (nl) for radial fastening and in lower part a dwelling/chamfer (b_l) [031] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the twenty-seventh accomplishing example - Fig. 45, presents a variant for lid (52) sealing against rod (4) with a gasket (49) and washer (53), axial fastening with wide nut (6) and gripping on vehicle with bushing (57). The jam nuts (63) assure unscrewing.

[032] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the twenty-eighth accomplishing example - Fig. 46, presents a variant for lid (52) sealing against rod (4) with a gasket (5) strengthened by lid (3) upon annular shoulder (b) of rod (4) due to the compression of wide washer (6) and gripping on vehicle with bushing (57).

The jam nuts (63) assure unscrewing.

[033] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the twenty-ninth accomplishing example - Fig. 47, presents variant for lid (158) sealing against rod (100) with a conical fitting realized between conical areas (m'"), (η"') of the two pieces.

The rod (100) has area (nf"), before thread (d), conical.

The trim corrector lid (158) has the orifice (η"'), conical.

The lid (158) fastening on/against rod (100) realized with threaded spacer hub (46) and assembly gripping on vehicle realized with gripping pads (21) and (47), strengthened on vehicle body with washer (23) by nut (24).

For correct sealing the conical faces (m'") and (η"') grinding and sealing paste is applied. The stroke on compression limiting is realized with compression bump (30).

A dwelling/chamfer (P^ _. ) in lower part of threaded spacer hub (46), avoids contact with conical area (m"'), when the fitting is not tight enough. [034] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the thirtieth accomplishing example - Fig. 48, presents variant for lid (159) having area for conical joint prolonged in an axial collar

(<£) ^■

For correct sealing the conical faces (m'") and (η"') are finished and sealing paste is applied; The stroke on compression limiting is realized with a bump (161) having a circular dwelling (ρ"') in upper part, for prominence (ο"') of lid (159) permitting.

[035] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the thirty- first accomplishing example - Fig. 49, presents variant for lid (158) sealing against rod (163) with a conical joint realized with conical areas (m"'), (η"') of the two pieces and gripping with a bushing (57). The rod (163) has area (m'"), before thread (d), conical.

Lid (158) fastening on rod (163) realizes with nut (26), applied over a spacer washer (41) which assures conical area (m"') of rod (163) entrancing if the joint is too large. A jam nut (63) assures unscrewing.

The bushing (57) screwing on the rod (163) thus to assure the wanted elongation, and the unscrewing is blocked by a jam nut (63).

[036] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the thirty-second accomplishing ex- ample - Fig. 50, presents variant for lid (222) sealing against rod (164) with a prolonged conical joint realized with conical areas (m'"), (η"') of the two pieces, gripping with gripping pads (21) and (22) and filler rod (164).

The rod (164) derived from rod (73) but having the area (m"') conical.

The conical fitting is tightened with the washer (39) centered inside dwelling (e""') from lid (222), tightened by wide nut (6) - solution presented in the right side of section, or with wide collared nut (40).

On screwing with wide collared nut (40), the dwelling (e"'") is not necessary so it is possible to utilize a lid (159), not endowed with dwelling (e'"").

The stroke limiting on compression realizes with limiting bumper (162), derived from bumper (160), having supplementary a circular dwelling (ρ"') practiced in upper part for prominence (ο"') of lid (222), realized for fitting area increasing.

The filling with gas/air realizes by channel (qj _. ) practiced in rod (164), fitted to the connecting pipe (157) linked to pipe (32) and sealed by gasket (157) compressed with permanent plug (155).

[037] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the thirty-third accomplishing example - Fig. 51, presents variant Mac Person with lid (222) sealing against rod (165) with conical fitting and axial fastening with wide collared nut (40) or with washer (39) and nut (6).

The rod (165) derived from rod (67) specific for Mac Person suspension, having a prolonged threaded area (c""') for coupling with permanent plug (155) and a channel (gl) with some radial channels (b'") in the area of compression bumper (162) and the same having a conical area (m'") for fitting with the lid (222).

The compression stroke limiting realizes with bumper (162) having a circular dwelling (p'") for prominence (ο"') of lid (159) avoiding.

The filling with gas/air realizes with channel (gl) practiced in rod (165) coupled to connecting pipe (157) linked to the pipe (32), the sealing between rod (165) and the connecting pipe (157) being realized with the gasket (156) strengthened by permanent plug (155) screwing.

[038] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the thirty- fourth accomplishing example - Fig. 52-54, presents variant with cylinder (2) sliding sealing against outer cylinder (19) of shock absorber (I), with one or more identical seals (102), or with a battery of specialized seals, composed from one or more divers seals (103), (104), (105) etc., placed in conven- ient order and position, in channels (f ^"" ), respectively (¾" ^" '), (h ^'"" ), (i""') etc., practiced in an annular body (101), it being fastened on the lower inner face of cylinder (2).

The solution is similar to the basic solution presented in Fig. 1, with the difference the toric body (7) fastened on outer cylinder (19) and equipped with seals (9), (10), (1 1), (12) etc., is replaced with a toric body (7) fastened on inner face of cylinder (2) and equipped with seals (102), (103), (104), (105) etc., placed in troughs (qlH), (d. (sill), (£!!) etc. from annular body (101)·

When the inner diameter of body (101) is not enough to sustain the seal element/s (102), (103), (104), (105) etc. behind these, inside troughs (g l (∑!!!), (§ϋ1Χ (ill!) etc., introduce/s pusher ring/s (167).

The lips CC!l), respectively (klUH), (TH), (m"'") etc. of seal (102)/seals (103), (104), (105) etc. sliding sealing on finished surface (u"') of outer cylinder (19) of shock absorber.

For correct functioning the working surface (u'") of outer cylinder (19), the troughs (q'"), (CI), (ill), (ill!) etc., the inner surface of annular body (101), lips (v'") of seal (102), respectively (will), ( ll! (Υΐϋ _. ) etc. of seals (103), (104), (105) etc. must be concentric with the rod (4).

The surface (u'") of outer cylinder (19) and working surfaces (vlH), respectively (will), (χ"'), ( l!l) etc. lubricates/graces to friction reduce and sealing improvement.

The annular body (101) fastens on the inner face of cylinder (2) with one or more procedures, respectively by press fitting, shrink fitting, welding on external contour or welding

buttonhole, with circlip, shoulders and threaded lids.

When the fastening solution of body (101 ) on the cylinder (2) does not assure perfect sealing, one uses individual/combined solution respectively sealing paste, O-rings or other seal elements (166) introduced in trough/s (b"""), practiced on outer face of body (101). There are presented two protection solutions, on the left side the version with a bellows (17) and on the right side the one with a sleeve (210).

The fastening by press fit/ shrink fitting is presented in the main sketch Fig. 52, the others being presented in Variant Kl -Fig. 53 and Variant K2-Fig. 54.

In Fig. 53- Variant Kl there are presented two solutions for fastening body (101) in cylinder (2), on the left side the fastening being realized by annular shoulder and outer lid and on the right side by welding.

The DetailKl-left show solution for body (101 ) fastening in a circular dwelling (w""') practiced in the inner face of cylinder (2), between shoulder (χ""') of dwelling (w'"") and an outer lid (167) screwed on thread (/ ^■ . ^""' ) practiced on the outer face of cylinder (2), the lid (167) having a thread (ν""').

For screwing, the lid (167) has at upper part a wrench head (¾""').

For avoiding the lid (171 ) unscrewing, introduces a threaded stud (172) in threaded bores (m""') from lid (2) and (n'"") from the outer lid (167), hole that can extend (e""") in the body (102), the same, fastening it, but function of the solution the thread can by only in one of bores.

This version the bellows (17) fastens on the lid (167) with a clamp (18).

The Detail Kl -right shows solution for hub (101) fastening on inner surface of cylinder (2) with weld cords (169) on the outer contour of hub (101 ) and with welding (168) inside but- tonhole (h'"") practiced in the cylinder (2).

In Fig. 54 - Variant K2 presents solution for working area (u'"), realized with a full or eased annular body (21 1) fastened on the outer cylinder (19) and the same other two solutions for body (101 ) fastening in annular body (2), in the left side the fastening being realized with cir- clips and in right side fastening by shape.

The annular body (21 1 ) against body (19) fastening, realizes by press fitting/shrink-fitting and weld cords (218), circlips etc.

The Detail K2-left shows solution for body (101) fastening in cylinder (2) with two circlips (170) fastened in troughs (i"'") practiced in cylinder (2).

The Detail K2 -right shows solution for body (101) fastening between a circlip (170) fastened in trough (i""') from cylinder (2) and lid (171) screwed in thread (Γ"") practiced in cylinder (2), the lid (171 ) having this reason a thread (a""").

For montage the lid (171 ) has grooves/ socket/ borings (f""")/ ( """)/ (k"""), and is assured with a jam nut (1 16) hawing grooves/ socket/ borings (f^)/ (j"""V (k"""). [039] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the thirty-fifth accomplishing example - Fig. 55-57, presents variant with cylinder (2) double sliding sealing against outer cylinder (19) of shock absorber (1), realized by summing the two sliding sealing solutions, pre- sented in Fig. 1 and Fig. 52.

The double sliding sealing is realized the same with seal/s (9)/ (10), (11), (12) etc., placed in trough/s (e)/ (f), (g), (h) etc. from annular body (7) fastened against outer cylinder (19) of shock absorber, the same with seal/ s (102)/ (103), (104), (105) etc. placed/s in trough (q"'), (r"'), (s'"), (t"') etc. from annular body (101), fastened in cylinder (2).

When the external diameter of the annular body (7) is not enough to sustain the seal element/ elements (9)/ (10), (1 1), (12) etc. behind these, inside trough (e), respectively troughs (fj, (g), (h) etc., introduce/s pusher ring/s (13).

When the inner diameter of body (101) is not enough to sustain the seal element/s (102), (103), (104), (105) etc. behind these, inside troughs fq"'), (r^), (s^), etc., introduce/s pusher ring/s (167).

This version lip/s (i)/ (j), (k), (1) etc. of seal/s (9)/ (10), (11), (12) etc. placed in annular body (7) works on finished surface (m) from cylinder (2) and the lip/s (ν"'), (w'"), (χ"'), (ν"') etc. of seals (102)/ (103), (104), (105) etc. from annular body (101) works on finished surface (u"') of body (19)/ full or eased annular body (211), of shock absorber assuring thus the dou- ble sealing.

For efficient functioning the working surfaces (m) from cylinder (2) and (u'") from outer cylinder (19)/ annular body (21 1), surfaces of the annular bodies (7) and (101), the troughs (e), (f), (g), (h) etc. from the body (7), the troughs ( , ( ), (ίΐ), (f l) etc. from the body (101), the lip/s (i)/ (j), (k), (1) etc. and the lip/s (ν"'), (w"'), (x" ^; ), (ν"') etc. of the seal elements must be concentric with the rod (4).

Fastening of the annular body (7) against the outer cylinder (19), respectively of annular body (101) on the inner face of the cylinder (2) realizes with one or more procedures, respectively by press fit, shrink fitting, welding on external contour or in buttonhole, with circlips, shoulders and threaded lids.

When the fastening solution of body (7) against outer cylinder (19), respectively (101) against inner face of cylinder (2) does not assure perfect sealing, uses individual or combined solution respectively sealing paste, O-rings or other seal elements (69) respectively (166) introduced in trough/s (w') respectively (b"""), practiced in body (7) respectively (101). There are presented two protection solutions against dust, mud etc, on the left side with a bellow (17) and on the right side version with a sleeve (210).

The bodies (7), respectively (101 ) fastening only by press/shrink fitting is presented in the main sketch - Fig. 55, the others fastening solutions being presented in fig. 58-version LI and Fig. 57-Version L2.

In Fig. 56-Variant LI shows two solutions for double sealing, a solution being presented in left side, the other on the right side

The Detail LI -left, shows solution for annular body (7) fastening against the outer cylinder

(19) of shock absorber, between a shoulder (q"'") formed by the thinner (ρ""') of cylinder (19) and a circlip (173) and body (101) fastening in a circular dwelling (w'""), between the shoulder (χ""') of cylinder (2) and outer lid (167), for this purpose the lid (167) having an inner thread (z'"") and the cylinder (2) an outer thread (v""').

For screwing, the lid (167) has at upper end a wrench head (g""').

For avoid the lid (171) unscrewing, introduces a threaded stud (172) in threaded orifices (m"'") from outer lid (167) and (η""') from cylinder (2), the thread can be only in one of pieces;

The bellows (17) and sleeve (210) fastens on the lid (167) with circlips (18).

The surfaces (m) and (u'") are concentric with the rod (4) and are finished to sliding sealing of seals elements mounted in bodies (7) and (101) assures.

The bump cap (8) fastens radial on a surface (c""") and axial on a shoulder (d'"" ^'1 ) from cylinder (19).

The Detail LI -right shows solution for body (7) fastens in area (r'"") from outer cylinder (19) with two weld cords (174) and body (101) fastens in cylinder (2) with weld cords (169) and/or weld points (168), from buttonhole (h'"").

If the surface (r"'") of outer cylinder (19) is affected by weld cord (174), the surfaces (u"') and (c""") machines.

This situation the bump cup (8) fastening realizes radial on surface (c""") and axially by shoulder (q""') formed between surfaces (r""') and (c""") from outer cylinder (19)

Fig 57-Version L2 shows other two double sealing solutions, one on the left side and the other on the right side.

The Detail L2-left shows solution for body (7) fastening on outer cylinder (19) with two circlips (173) fitted in troughs (ο""') from cylinder (19) and body (101) fastening in cylinder (2) with two circlips, or with a threaded stud (172) screwed in threaded orifices (η""') from cyl- inder (2) and (e""") from annular body (101);

The Detail L2-right shows solution for body (7) fastening on surface (c""") between the shoulder (q""') from outer cylinder (19) and bump cup (8) and body (101) fastening in a circular dwelling (w'"") practiced in cylinder (2), between the shoulder (x'"") and inner lid (171) screwed on thread (j"'") from inner face of cylinder (2), the lid (171) having this purpose a thread (a""").

For screwing, the lid (171) has some grooves (f "").

[040] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the thirty-sixth accomplishing exam- pie - Fig. 58, presents variant with integrated helicoidally spring (109) placed concentric with the shock absorber and equipped with displacement (176) and pressure (117) transducers. The spring (109) fitted between a mount (107) fastened by weld cord (233) on/against cylinder (2) and a spring pan (112) fastened on outer cylinder (19) by weld cord (232).

The displacement transducer (176) has no contact being of divers types e.g. ultrasonic, infra- red, laser etc. emitting a direct wave and evaluating the reflected one.

The transducer (176) is fastened on mount (177) with screws (178), the mount (177) being fastened by weld cord (235) on cylinder (2).

The direct wave starting from transducer (176) reflects on reflector (180) rigid with mount (179) fastened on outer cylinder (19) by weld cord (236).

The transducer (176) signals are transmitted by cord (142) coupled to the transducer by plug (143), to an analyzing unit (145), the values being displayed on a screen (149) placed on board.

The pressure transducer (117) is fastened in a hub (120), centered with an axial collar (d"") in orifice (e"") from cylinder (2), the hub (120) being fastened with a weld cord (121) on flat surface (t"") from cylinder (2), the planar surface (f^) being centered with orifice(e""). The pressure transducer (1 17) screws in thread (u"") practiced in channel (v"") from hub (120), the channel linking the pressure transducer (117) with pressurized gas from chamber (a).

A gasket (122) assures transducer (1 17) sealing against hub (120)

The signals from pressure transducer (1 17) are transmitted by plug (148) and cord (147) to an analyzing unit (145), the values being displayed on a screen plug (150) placed on board-the sketch presented in Detail E-Fig. 15.

The mechanical elements and gripping pads must be resized according to the new mechanical stress condition.

[041] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the thirty-seventh accomplishing example - Fig. 59, presents variant with integrated helicoidally spring (109) having possibility to adjust the spring tensioning with a screw gear placed on outer cylinder (19), the assembly being endowed with displacement and pressure transducers.

The spring (109) is fitted between a mount (107) fastened by weld cord (233) on/against cylinder (2) and a spring pan (1 12) sustained by nut (11 1) gearing by thread (!""") with the thread (m""") from outer cylinder (19), or of a hub (1 10) fastened at their turn on/against the outer cylinder (19) with the weld cord (237).

The nut (1 1 1) has a circular orifice (a"") in which is centered the collar (ζ"' ) of spring pan (Π2).

The trim evaluation realizes with a displacement transducer having independent units emitter (219) -receptor (220).

The body of emitter (219) is fastened on mount (177) with screws (178), the mount (177) being fastened in its turn by weld cord (235) on cylinder (2).

The direct wave starting from emitter (219) is preload by receptor (220) rigid with mount (221) fastened on outer cylinder (19) by weld cord (236).

The receptor (220) signals are transmitted by plug (143), cord (142) to an analyzing unit (145), and the values being displayed on a screen (149) placed to board.

[042] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the thirty-eighth accomplishing example - Fig. 60, presents variant Mac Person with possibility to adjust the spring (85) tensioning with a screw gear placed on the outer cylinder (19), the assembly being equipped with displacement and pressure transducers.

The helicoidally spring (85) is fastened between an upper pan (84) and a lower pan (1 12) held by a nut (1 1 1) gearing by thread (!""") with the thread (m""") of a hub (110) fastened in their turn against the outer cylinder (19) with the weld cord (237).

The nut (1 1 1) has a circular orifice (a"") in which is centered the collar (ζ"') of spring pan (1 12).

The trim is evaluated with a displacement transducer (176) whose body is fastened against mount (181) with screws (178), the mount (177) being fastened by weld cord (240) on spring pan (84)· The direct wave starting from transducer (176) reflects on reflector (180) rigid with mount (179) fastened on outer cylinder (19) by weld cord (236).

[043] Shock absorber with trim corrector according to the thirty-ninth accomplishing exam- pie - Fig. 61, presents variant with integrated helicoidally spring (109) having possibility to adjust the spring tensioning with a screw gear placed on the cylinder (2), the assembly being endowed with displacement and pressure transducers.

The spring (109) fitting realized in lower part by mount (108) fastened on outer cylinder (19) and on upper part by spring pan (186) tensioned by nut (185) gearing by thread (n""") with thread (o""") of the hub (184) fastened in their turn on cylinder (2) by weld cord (238).

The nut (185) has a circular orifice (q""") in which is centered the collar (p""") of spring pan (186).

The trim evaluation is done with a wire rope displacement transducer (182)

The transducer (182) has its body fastened on mount (177) with screws (178), the mount (177) being fastened in their turn with weld cord (235) on the cylinder (2).

The wire rope (229) of transducers (182) fastens by an eye fitting (η'""') on mount (183) with the screw (178), the mount (183) being fastened to outer cylinder (19) with weld cord (239). The transducer (176) signals are transmitted by plug (143), cord (142) to an analyzing unit (145), and the values are displayed on a screen (149) placed on board.

[044] Shock absorber with trim corrector, according to the fortieth accomplishing example - Fig. 62, shows the principle sketch for shock absorber with trim corrector piloting, for control of vehicle body clearance, stability and comfort.

The data transmitted by the pressure transducer (1 17) and displacement transducer (42)/ (176)/(182) are taken by an analyzing, command and control unit (145) which commands the servo valves (205), they controlling slowly or in real time the pressure from trim control (206) and thus controls the vehicle trim, body-ground clearance, roll, pitch, stability and comfort, the specific values for this parameters being displayed by screens (150), (149), (207), (208), placed on the board.

The air/gas from compressor/ tank (14), filling the high pressure working tank (209), then unit (227) filter it to eliminate sweat and steam and the pressure regulator (228) brought to wanted pressure and is distributed to all servo valves (205). Function of the necessities the servo valves (205) link trim correctors (206) or with the high-pressure reservoir (209) to increase the pressure, or with the atmosphere to decrease the pressure in the correctors (206).

On the reservoir (209) fitting a pressure transducer (1 17) and one or more overpressure valves

(191). (202), (203).

On the pipes linking the reservoir (209) with correctors (206) are placed accumulators (204) for pressure leveling.

[045] Shock absorber with trim corrector, according to the forty- first accomplishing example - Fig. 63, shows the principle sketch for shock absorber with trim corrector piloting, for control of vehicle body clearance, stability and comfort, the variant with gas/air recuperating tank.

Comparative to the previous solution, this uses besides the high-pressure working reservoir (209) noted THP and a low-pressure reservoir (223), noted TLP, in which discharges the trim correctors (206) when pressure decreasing is necessary.

The tank (223) is equipped with a pressure transducer (1 17) and one or more overpressure valves (191), (202), (203) and a servo valve (224) which links with a tank/compressor (14), for filling with gas/air.

Initially, the servo valve (224) opening fillings tank (223) with gas/air from the source (14) which is a tank, or a compressor filled by atmosphere, the pressure difference between the tank low pressure (223) and tank high pressure (209) being realized with compressor (230). When low working pressure are enough, the compressor (14) can miss, the filling being assured only by compressor (230).

The unit (227) which eliminates sweat and steam, is adjusted to the wanted pressure by a pressure regulator (228) and is distributed to all servo valves (205) filters the air/gas from tank (209). Function of necessities the servo valves (205) link the trim correctors (206) or with the high-pressure reservoir (209) to increase the pressure, or with the circuit of low pressure linked to the low-pressure tank (223), to decrease it.

The data transmitted by the pressure transducer (1 17) and displacement transducer (42)/ (176)/(182) are taken by an analyzing, command and control unit (145) which commands the servo valves (205), they controlling slow or in real time the pressure from trim control (206) and thus controls the vehicle trim, body- ground clearance, roll, pitch, stability and comfort, the specific values for this parameters being displayed by screens (150), (149), (207), (208), placed on the board.

On the reservoirs (209), (223) fitting a pressure transducer (117) and one or more overpres- sure valves (191), (202), (203).

On the pipes, linking the reservoir (209) with correctors (206), are placed accumulators (204) for pressure leveling.