| JP2000177527 | GAS BAG-TYPE SIDE COLLISION PROTECTIVE DEVICE |
| JP07125592 | AIR BAG |
| JP2005145109 | OCCUPANT PROTECTIVE DEVICE |
HENRICSSON, Peter (Norra Flundregatan 27, Västra Frölunda, S-42658, SE)
SANDWALL, Erik (Dalbergsgatan 16, Alingsås, S-44135, SE)
BÖRJESON, Gustav (Aspholmsvägen 3b, Alingsås, S-44135, SE)
HENRICSSON, Peter (Norra Flundregatan 27, Västra Frölunda, S-42658, SE)
SANDWALL, Erik (Dalbergsgatan 16, Alingsås, S-44135, SE)
| Claims 1 . Side airbag (10) for the installation into a motor vehicle, said side airbag comprising at least one mounting means for mounting of the side airbag to a backrest (24b), an outer skin (12) having a first side wall (14a) extending forward in relation of the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle, and a second side wall (14b) being connected to the first side wall, characterised in that the second side wall (14b) extends basically cross- ways to the longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle when the outer skin is fully deployed and free of outer forces, such that at least a third side wall (14c) connecting the first and the second side wall is present. 2. Side airbag according to claim 1 , characterised in that the side walls of the outer skin are part of a lateral surface (14) and that at the upper end and at the lower end of this lateral surface a cap (16, 18) made from a separate cutting is provided such that the outer skin enclosing the gas compartment consist of at least three cuttings. 3. Side airbag according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mounting means is located in a transitional area between the first and the second side wall. 4. Side airbag according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inner angle between the first and the second side wall is at least 90° when the outer skin (12) is fully deployed an free of outer forces. 5. Side airbag according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first side wall (14a) extends forward in a slanting way such that it slants towards the passenger to be protected. 6. Side airbag according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second side wall (14b) extends towards the rear in a slanted way. 7. Side airbag according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second side wall (14b) is longer than the first side wall (14a). 8. Side airbag according to claim 2, characterised in that it has a basically rectangular cross section with a first, a second, a third, and a fourth side wall (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d). 9. Side airbag according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mounting means are bolts (22) of an inflator being located inside the gas compartment. 10. Vehicle seat having a side airbag (10) according to one of the preceding claims. 1 1 . Vehicle seat according to claim 10, characterised in that it is an individual seat (24, 26) and that the side airbag (10) is located on that side of the backrest (24b, 26b) which is located on the inner side of the motor vehicle. 12. Motor vehicle seat according to claim 10, characterised in that the vehicle seat is a seat bench (28) and that the side airbag (10) is located in a middle area of the seat bench (28) and is designed according to claim 8. 13. Motor vehicle according to claim 1 1 , characterised in that it comprises two individual seats (24, 26) and that only one individual seat carries a side air- bag (10). 14. Motor vehicle according to claim 13, characterised in that at least when the individual seats (24, 26) are parallel adjusted, the second side wall (14b) comes into contact to the backrest (24b, 26b) of the other individual seat. |
Description
Technical field of the invention
The invention relates to a side airbag for installation into a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1 , a vehicle seat with such a side airbag according to claim 10 and a motor vehicle with such a vehicle seat according to claim 13.
Side airbags are in widespread use in vehicle safety technology. They are usually arranged either in a side cheek of a vehicle seat facing outwards, i.e. towards the vehicle internal structure, or in the side structure of the motor vehicle, and inflate in the event of a detected relevant accident, in particular a side crash, between the vehicle passengers to be protected and the vehicle internal structure, in order to prevent the vehicle passenger from striking against the vehicle internal structure. In the inflated state, such side airbags essentially extend in the vehicle longitudinal direction, wherein the side airbags comprise two side walls being essen- tially parallel to one another, wherein the side wall facing the passenger forms the impact surface and the opposite side wall forms the support surface. As a rule, such side airbags are so-called "2D-airbags", i.e. airbags wherein the two side walls are directly connected to one another via an edge region. The movement of the passenger towards the centre of the vehicle can of course not be prevented by such a side airbag. Vehicle seats with a side airbag have therefore been proposed, wherein said side airbag is located in the side cheek of the vehicle seat facing inwards, so that this side airbag inflates in case of need on the vehicle inner side of the vehicle passenger. The side airbag extends, like an- other side airbag also, essentially in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Such side airbags usually have the problem that they do not find suitable support with- out further measures and can therefore offer only a small degree of side support for the passenger.
Prior art
On the one hand, an attempt has been made to solve the problem of the lack of side support with outwardly lying tethers, but this involves the drawback of costly assembly. Such a side airbag is described for example in GB 2357999 A. It has further been proposed to provide a side airbag on the inside on each of two adjacent backrests; both side airbags have to be ignited in order that the side air- bags mutually offer a certain degree of support. Such a system is proposed for example by GB 2309440 A. This also has several drawbacks: on the one hand, the desired side support can hardly be achieved, especially when the adjacent vehicle seat is not occupied, and on the other hand it necessitates the presence and simultaneous ignition of two side airbags. This is disadvantageous, inasmuch as each additional airbag naturally means additional vehicle weight and each air- bag inflated during an accident involves considerable additional repair costs. Finally, the two adjacent side airbags can ideally support against one another only when the adjacent seats are adjusted essentially identically.
Summary of the invention
Proceeding from this, the present invention poses the problem of improving the prior art in such a way that good protection against a passenger movement towards the middle of the vehicle is provided, wherein the additional weight and the repair costs in the event of an accident are to be kept as low as possible. Furthermore, the side airbag should offer good protection irrespective of the seat occupancy. In the case of use in seats separated from one another, especially in the case of front seats in a passenger car, the safety system should further work properly irrespective of the individual seat adjustment. This problem is solved by a side airbag with the features of claim 1 , a vehicle seat with the features of claim 10 and by a motor vehicle with the features of claim 13.
According to the invention, a side airbag with two side walls is used, wherein the latter, when the side airbag is completely deployed, but free from external forces, do not extend parallel to one another, but enclose a relatively large angle, in particular of 90° or more. This means that the side airbag is usually not a 2D airbag, but rather a 3D airbag, which as a rule is produced from at least three cuttings, and that a third side wall must be present which connects the first two side walls to one another.
As a result of the chosen design, the side airbag can in particular supports itself on an adjacent backrest, so that it is possible, in particular, that only one such side airbag is required, which gives rise to the aforementioned advantages in re- spect of vehicle weight and incurred repair costs. A further advantage is that a side airbag constructed according to the invention can easily be constituted such that - especially in the case of the use of separate, adjacent seats - it "automatically seeks" its necessary support according to the circumstances, irrespective of the specific situation (in particular the adjustment and occupancy of the seats).
Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the sub-claims, as well as in the embodiments of the invention represented in greater detail by reference to the figures. Brief description of the drawings
In the figures:
Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a side airbag according to the invention in a schematic, perspective view,
Figure 2 shows the side airbag from Figure 1 in a horizontally running cross-section, Figure 3 shows a second example of embodiment of the first embodiment of the invention in a representation corresponding to Figure 2,
Figure 4 shows a third example of embodiment of the first embodiment of the invention in a representation corresponding to Figure 2, Figure 5 shows a fourth example of embodiment of the first embodiment of the invention in a representation corresponding to Figure 2, Figure 6 shows the assembled side airbag from Figures 1 and 2 with a completely deployed outer skin in the case of protection of a passenger sitting on the left-hand side,
Figure 7 shows the side airbag from Figure 6 in the case of protection of a passenger sitting on the right-hand side,
Figures 8-10 show essentially the situation depicted in Figure 6 with different seat positions,
Figures 1 1 -13 show essentially the situation depicted in Figure 7 with different seat positions,
Figures 14 -15 show an accident situation with two passengers sitting beside one another,
Figure 16 shows a second embodiment of the side airbag according to the invention in a representation corresponding to Figure 2,
Figure 17 shows a schematic representation of a seat bench with a side airbag represented in Figure 16,
Figure 18 shows the situation depicted in Figure 17 in the case of an accident with a passenger on the seat bench,
Figure 19 shows the situation depicted in Figure 18 with two passengers and
Figures 20 - 24 show alternative possibilities as to how the desired shape of the side airbag can be generated. Detailed description of preferred embodiments
Two embodiments of the invention are described below, wherein the first embodiment relates in particular to the case where two seats are present which are arranged beside one another, but essentially independent of one another. This is especially the case in the front seat row of motor vehicles, but can also relate to rear seat rows with individual seats.
The second embodiment of the invention relates to the use in a seat bench, in particular a rear seat bench of a motor vehicle.
Figures 1 and 2 show a representation of a side airbag according to the invention, wherein figure 2 shows a horizontal cross-section through the representation in figure 1 . Side airbag 10 comprises an outer skin 12 and a gas generator 20, from which bolts 22 for mounting the side airbag extend through the outer skin 12. The outer skin 12 comprises when viewed geometrically - and as a rule also physically - three parts, i.e. a lateral surface 14, whose surface normals essentially lie in the horizontal plane, and two caps 16 and 18, whose surface normals lie essentially vertically. "Horizontal" and "vertical" is understood here to mean the situa- tion with an installed and fully deployed outer skin 12, wherein the precise position naturally depends on the position of the backrest. The outer skin 12 encloses in a common way a gas compartment in which the gas generator 20 serving as an inflator is disposed. In Figure 2 the arrow L indicates (in the installation situation) the vehicle longitudinal direction and the double arrow Q indicates the vehicle transverse directions. It can be seen especially from Figure 2 that the lateral surface 14 has an essentially triangular cross-section (which is imposed upon it by the two caps 16, 18), so that the lateral surface 14 is divided into three side walls, i.e. the first side wall 14a, the second side wall 14b and the third side wall 14c. First side wall 14a and second side wall 14b extend essentially from the mounting device of the side airbag, i.e. from the region in which the bolts 22 of the gas generator 20 pass through the lateral surface 14. That is to say that the first side wall 14a and the second side wall 14b meet in the region of the side cheek of the backrest in which the side air- bag 10 is installed. The third side wall 14c, which connects the first wall 14a and the second wall 14b, lies essentially opposite the mounting device, i.e. the bolts 22. It can directly be seen in Figure 2 that the first side wall 14a extends from the mounting device essentially forward in the vehicle longitudinal direction, but in a slightly slanting way, and that the second side wall 14b extends essentially in a vehicle transverse direction. The effect of this is that the inner angle a between the first side wall 14a and the second side wall 14b is greater than 90°, here ap- prox. 120 °. Furthermore, it can be seen from figure 2 that the second side wall 14b is longer than the first side wall 14a.
Figure 3 shows a second example of embodiment, wherein the first side wall 14a essentially extends precisely in the vehicle longitudinal direction L and the second side wall 14b essentially extends precisely in vehicle transverse direction Q. As a result, the cross-section of the outer skin 12 is essentially a right-angled isosceles triangle, i.e. a "quarter slice of cake ".
Figure 4 shows a third example of embodiment, wherein the inner angle a be- tween first side wall 14a and second side wall 14b is very large and close to 180°, so that the third side wall 14c is roughly as long as the sum of the first two side walls 14a and 14b.
Figure 5 shows a fourth example of embodiment, in which it can be seen, on the one hand, that the cross-sectional shape of the outer skin 12 can also be more complex and that, on the other hand, the second side wall 14b can even extend somewhat backwards, which, as will be seen later, is often preferred.
Figure 6 shows the side airbag from Figures 1 and 2 in the installed and com- pletely deployed state in the case of an impact from the right with the presence of a passenger 40 sitting on a left-hand seat 24. As has already been mentioned, the embodiment of the invention relates to an installation situation with two adjacent vehicle seats, i.e. a left-hand vehicle seat 24, which for example can be the driver's seat, and a right-hand vehicle seat 26, which can for example be the front passenger seat. The left-hand vehicle seat 24 as usual comprises a seat cushion 24a and a backrest 24b, and likewise the right- hand vehicle seat 26 with a seat cushion 26a and a backrest 26b. As can be seen directly from Figure 6 and also from Figure 7, only one side airbag 10 is present, as has been previously described, and the latter is connected with its bolts 22 serving as a mounting device to the seat frame of the inner cheek of one of the two vehicle seats 24, 26, i.e. the left-hand vehicle seat 24 here. A further side airbag acting between the two seats 24, 26 is not provided, nor is it required.
Figure 6 shows the situation with vehicle seats 24, 26 adjusted essentially parallel to one another in the case of a side crash from the right, wherein only the left- hand vehicle seat 24 (which can be the driver's seat) is occupied by a passenger 40. It can be seen that the second side wall 14b extends up to the backrest 26b of the right-hand vehicle seat 26 and is supported on the latter, i.e. forms the support surface, whereas the first side wall 14a forms the impact surface for the passenger 40 sitting on the left-hand side.
Figure 7 shows the situation depicted in Figure 6 in the case of a side impact from the left, wherein a passenger 42 is present only on the right-hand vehicle seat 26 (in the case of a left-hand drive vehicle, this can of course only occur in practice with separated individual seats at the back of the motor vehicle). It can be seen that the outer skin 12 is tilted counterclockwise essentially by 90°, so that the outer skin 12 of the side airbag 10 is in this case supported by its first side wall 14a, i.e. on the backrest 24b of the left-hand vehicle seat 24, and that the second side wall 14b forms the impact surface. First side wall 14a and second side wall 14b have exchanged their function as compared to the situation depicted in figure 6. This takes place "automatically", i.e. without any additional active control, depending on the accident situation. Figures 8 to 10 essentially show the situation depicted in Figure 6 with different adjustments of the two vehicle seats 24, 26 with respect to one another, also in the case of an impact from the right. In the adjustments of Figures 8 and 9 (right- hand vehicle seat 26 farther back than left-hand vehicle seat 24 or vehicle seats at the same height), the first side wall 14a forms the impact surface and the second side wall 14b the support surface. It can be seen from Figure 8 that it may often be advantageous if the second side wall 14b extends somewhat backwards. In the case shown in Figure 10, i.e. when the right-hand vehicle seat 26 is positioned relatively well in front of left-hand vehicle seat 24, a part of third side wall 14c can also function as support surface. Furthermore, the side airbag 10 often does not reach its complete volume in this case.
Figures 1 1 to 13 show the situation depicted in figure 7 with different seat adjustments, also in the case of an impact from the left. In the adjustments of Figures 1 1 and 12 (right-hand vehicle seat 26 farther forward than left-hand vehicle seat 24 or vehicle seats at the same height), the first side wall 14a forms the support surface and the second side wall 14b forms the impact surface. In the case shown in Figure 10, i.e. when the left-hand vehicle seat 24 is located relatively well in front of the right-hand vehicle seat, a part of the third side wall 14c can serve as the impact surface.
Figures 14 and 15 show situations with two passengers, wherein Figure 14 shows the situation in the case of a side impact from the left and Figure 15 shows the situation in the case of a side impact from the right. If both seats are occupied, at least a part of the transfer of force can also take place via the person sitting beside. It can also be seen from Figures 14 and 15 that "normal" side airbags (left- hand side airbag 30 and right-hand side airbag 32) are usually of course also present. It is a characteristic of the first embodiment just described that the outer skin 12 of the side airbag 10 automatically seeks its suitable support surface and different areas of the lateral surface can serve both as an impact surface and as a support surface, depending of the accident situation. Furthermore, it is typical that the first side wall 14a and the second side wall 14b extend away from the mounting region of the airbag.
Figure 16 shows a side airbag according to a second embodiment of the invention in a representation corresponding to Figure 2. The outer skin 12 of this side air- bag 10 also comprises a lateral surface 14 and two caps 16, 18 (not represented). The shown cross-section through the outer skin 12 (which essentially corresponds to the shape of the caps) has an essentially rectangular cross-section, so that the lateral surface 12 has four side walls, namely a first side wall 14a, a second side wall 14b, a third side wall 14c and a fourth side wall 14d. The bolts 22 of the gas generator (which form the mounting device) extend through the second side wall 14b and the fourth side wall 14d extends parallel to this second side wall 14b. First side wall 14a and third side wall 14c extend parallel to one another and connect the second and fourth side wall. The second and fourth side wall extend in transverse direction Q of the motor vehicle, the first and third side wall extend in longitudinal direction L. As can be seen from Figures 18, 19, first and third side wall 14a, 14c virtually always form the impact surfaces, whereas the second side wall 14b forms the support surface, wherein, in the event of a vehicle impact from the left, i.e. when a passenger sitting on the right-hand side strikes the outer skin 12, i.e. the third side wall 14c, the left-hand section 14b' of the second side wall 14b essentially takes over the support function and vice versa. In contrast with the first embodiment, therefore, there is a fixed allocation of the side walls to a function. The previously described side airbags are "conventional" 3D-airbags comprising at least three cuttings, wherein the desired cross-sectional shape is generated by the caps. This is however not imperative, as is shown by way of example in Figures 20 to 24, wherein the representations of these figures correspond to Figures 2 to 5 both with respect to their cross-sectional plane and with respect to their ori- entation:
In the example of embodiment of Figure 20, the desired cross-sectional shape is generated by an inner tether 50, which forces the outer skin into a heart-shaped cross-section, in such a way that the third side wall 14 is concave. Something similar is shown in figure 21 , but with two tethers 50.
In the examples of embodiment of Figures 22 and 23, the desired shape (first side wall 14a extending forward and second side wall 14b extending sidewards) of the outer skin 12 is achieved by the fact that two airbag skins 54, 56 are placed one upon the other, wherein they are connected to one another by means of at least one overflow opening. The example of embodiment of Figure 24 is similar to the example of embodiment of figure 20, with the difference that here the second side wall 14b is forced into a concave shape by the inner tether 50. This means that, whilst the second side wall extends overall crosswise to the vehicle direction, not all the sections of this second side wall necessarily do so. It may be advisable in this case to provide an outer tether 52 spanning wholly or partially over the second side wall 14b. Said outer tether 52 can in a case as is shown for example in Figure 7 also form the impact surface or a part thereof.
The described side airbags usually comprise, like airbags arranged on the outer side of a backrest too, a ventilation device, for example in the form of a ventilation opening in the outer skin. Since in some cases only a very small amount of ventilation is required (see for example Figures 6 and 7), but in other cases very strong ventilation is required (see for example figures 10, 14 and 15), it may be advisable to provide an adaptive ventilation device, which increases its effective diameter with increasing internal pressure. Such an adaptive ventilation device can comprise for example a membrane with at least one hole. Other adaptive ventilation devices are however also known. List of reference numbers
10 side airbag
12 outer skin
14 lateral surface
14a first side wall
14b second side wall
14b' left-hand section
14c third side wall
14d fourth side wall
16 first cap
18 second cap
20 gas generator
22 bolt
24 left-hand vehicle seat
24a seat cushion
24b backrest
26 right-hand vehicle seat
26a seat cushion
26b backrest
28 seat bench
28a seat cushion
28b backrest
30 left-hand side airbag
32 right-hand side airbag
40 passenger sitting on the left
42 passenger sitting on the right
50 inner tether
52 outer tether
54 first airbag skin
56 second airbag skin
L longitudinal direction of the motor vehicle
Q transverse direction of the motor vehicle
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