FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a signalling apparatus and associated methods which, for example, relate to (but not exclusively) e.g. generating a sound.

BACKGROUND

There are multiple methods for generating a sound. Such methods range from relatively straightforward percussion instruments such as drums which may be regarded as relatively easy to play. Children, for example, may find it relatively simple to play the percussion instrument and maintain a beat or rhythm. However, some percussion instruments (e.g. unpitched percussion instruments such as some drums) have limited or no scope for playing different notes (e.g. sounds of different frequencies or "pitch").

There are multiple types of musical instruments capable of producing a sound corresponding to different notes or pitch, including for example, pitched percussion instruments such as xylophones or glockenspiels, stringed instruments such as violins or guitars, wind instruments such as recorders or flutes, brass instruments such as trumpets or trombones, keyboard instruments such as pianos or organs, and the like. However, many of these instruments are sometimes regarded as relatively difficult to play and learn. The learning process for a musical instrument can be relatively frustrating, time-consuming and expensive. It can take years of practice before a person, whether an adult or child, can play a piece of music to a high standard. Exacerbating some of the difficulties of the learning process is the need to learn musical notation, such as the notation used by classical musicians. Sometimes children and adults wishing to learn how to play a musical instrument can often give up before making any progress with the musical instrument. SUMMARY

According to an example of the present disclosure, there is provided a signalling apparatus for an audio, sonic or acoustic system such as an instrument, game or toy, the signalling apparatus being configured for communicating with a processor upon activation of the signalling apparatus. The signalling apparatus may comprise an identifier comprising a unique parameter value for identifying an audio, sonic or acoustic property associated with the signalling apparatus. The signalling apparatus may comprise a plurality of communication paths. At least one of the communication paths may be configured for communicating the parameter value with the processor. At least one of the other communication paths may be configured for providing communication between a further signalling apparatus and the processor.

The signalling apparatus may be part of and/or for use with a musical instrument, musical game and/or musical toy. The audio, sonic or acoustic system may comprise software for sending and/or receiving a signal to/from the signalling apparatus. The audio, sonic or acoustic system may comprise hardware for sending and/or receiving a signal to/from the signalling apparatus.

The signalling apparatus may be associated with any appropriate audio, sonic or acoustic property, for example, a sound, tone, pitch, noise, musical note, or the like. Activation of the signalling apparatus may cause the parameter value for identifying the audio, sonic or acoustic property to be communicated with the processor. The processor may use or process the parameter value to identify the identifier of the signalling apparatus. If the processor identifies or determines a parameter value when the signalling apparatus is activated, the parameter value may be used to identify an audio, sonic or acoustic property associated with the signalling apparatus. The processor may identify or determine the audio, sonic or acoustic property when the signalling apparatus has been activated, for example, by virtue of communication between the signalling apparatus and the processor via at least one of the communication paths.

At least one of the other communication paths may allow the processor to identify or determine an acoustic parameter associated with at least one further signalling apparatus. The communication paths may be independent or exclusive of each other so that the processor can identify or determine the audio, sonic or acoustic property associated with each of the signalling apparatus without the parameter value of each signalling apparatus being communicated along the same communication path. In some examples, no part of at least one or each communication path may be shared with any other communication path. In this manner the processor may be able to determine the audio, sonic or acoustic property of at least one signalling apparatus with minimal lag time or delay. A plurality of parameter values associated with a plurality of signalling apparatus may be communicated with the processor at the same time without requiring use of any technique which might cause the communication of any of the parameter values to be delayed. In at least some examples, at least one communication path of a first signalling apparatus may provide communication between a second signalling apparatus and the processor. At least one other communication path of the first signalling apparatus may provide communication between the first signalling apparatus and the processor. The communication paths may be independent or exclusive of each other. A plurality of signalling apparatus may be provided with any appropriate number of communication paths such that independent communication can be provided between at least one of the plurality of corresponding signalling apparatus and the processor, via a communication path of at least one of the other signalling apparatus. In some examples, the audio, sonic or acoustic system may comprise a signal generator. The signal generator may comprise a sound generator. The signal generator may be configured for applying, for example sending and/or receiving, respective electrical signals along respective communication paths. The processor may comprise a meter or measurement device for determining the parameter value of at least one or each signalling apparatus.

In some examples, communication may be provided when the signalling apparatus is or has been activated. In some examples, communication may only be provided when the signalling apparatus is or has been activated. In some examples, activation of the signalling apparatus may not be required to provide communication between the signalling apparatus. The processor may control if or when communication between the signalling apparatus and the processor is required, whether or not the signalling apparatus is or has been activated.

There may be multiple ways to arrange the signalling apparatus such that an audio, sonic or acoustic property can be determined by the processor if or when one or more signalling apparatus have been or are being activated. The audio, sonic or acoustic property may comprise at least one of a: note, pitch, sound, sound pattern, sound sequence, tone, volume, octave, timbre, modulation, amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phasing, and musical instrument- synthesizing property, audio and/or sound.

The audio, sonic or acoustic property may be predetermined based on the parameter value associated with the identifier. There may be one or more options for providing an appropriate audio, sonic or acoustic property so that the audio, sonic or acoustic system can produce a variety of sounds as required. The audio, sonic or acoustic property may be modified or adapted as required. The parameter value may remain constant. The parameter value may be varied, for example, by replacing and/or adapting the identifier of the signalling apparatus. In at least some examples, the audio, sonic or acoustic system may be configured to provide a different audio, sonic or acoustic property responsive to use, or activation of at least one of the signalling apparatus. The audio, sonic or acoustic property associated with the signalling apparatus may be preconfigured using the processor. The preconfigured audio, sonic or acoustic property may be varied while maintaining the same signalling apparatus with the same identifier. The signalling apparatus may be configured for engagement with at least one further signalling apparatus. At least one communication path of the signalling apparatus may be in communication with at least one communication path of the at least one further signalling apparatus. A plurality of the signalling apparatus may be engageable with each other. The signalling apparatus may be arranged in any appropriate way such that at least one communication path of the signalling apparatus may be in communication with at least one communication path of the at least one further signalling apparatus. The signalling apparatus may be engaged with each other to facilitate provision of communication between at least one of the signalling apparatus and the processor via at least one of the other signalling apparatus. When engaged with at least one other signalling apparatus, a contact may be provided between the engaged signalling apparatus such that communication may be provided between at least one or each of the signalling apparatus and the processor. In some examples, said communication may be provided via at least one communication path of another signalling apparatus, for example, another engaged signalling apparatus.

The signalling apparatus may be connectible with at least one further signalling apparatus. At least one communication path of the signalling apparatus may be in communication with at least one communication path of the at least one further signalling apparatus.

In some examples, if or when at least one signalling apparatus is connected with at least one further signalling apparatus, a mechanical connection may be provided between signalling apparatus, for example, the signalling apparatus may comprise at least one of: a male and female portion for connecting with at least one other of: a male and female portion of another signalling apparatus. In some examples, a non- mechanical connection may be used to connect the signalling apparatus, for example, the signalling apparatus may comprise a magnetic element, or the like for connecting the signalling apparatus to another signalling apparatus comprising a respective magnetic element, or the like.

The signalling apparatus may be configured for assembly with at least one further signalling apparatus, wherein the signalling apparatus may comprise a plurality of communication paths for providing communication between the respective signalling apparatus of the assembly. Each signalling apparatus of the assembly may comprise at least one of the communication paths for providing an independent communication path between each signalling apparatus and the processor.

The signalling apparatus and at least one further signalling apparatus may be assembled in any appropriate way. For example, the signalling apparatus may be arranged in any appropriate location relative to at least one further signalling apparatus.

The signalling apparatus may be configured for stacking with at least one further signalling apparatus. At least one communication path of the signalling apparatus may be in communication with at least one communication path of the at least one further signalling apparatus. The signalling apparatus may be stacked in any appropriate way. In some examples the signalling apparatus may be stacked in a vertical direction, e.g. at least one signalling apparatus disposed on top of another signalling apparatus, or the like. In some examples the signalling apparatus may be stacked in a horizontal direction, e.g. at least one signalling apparatus disposed adjacent (e.g. side-by-side, or the like) another signalling apparatus, or the like.

In some examples, the signalling apparatus may be arranged in any appropriate way. For example, the signalling apparatus may be at least one of: engaged, connected, assembled, stacked, or the like with at least one further signalling apparatus.

In some examples, there may be a plurality of signalling apparatus which are at least one of: engaged, connected, assembled and/or stacked in any appropriate way. The plurality of signalling apparatus may comprise a plurality of communication paths for providing communication between the plurality of signalling apparatus. Each signalling apparatus may comprise at least one of the communication paths for providing an independent communication path between each signalling apparatus and the processor. At least one of the examples may permit the signalling apparatus to be utilised in any appropriate way. For example, the signalling apparatus may be configured for use in operating, controlling, playing, or the like of the musical instrument. In some examples the signalling apparatus may correspond to a predetermined audio, sonic or acoustic property, for example, at least one of a: note, pitch, sound, sound pattern, sound sequence, tone, volume, octave, timbre, modulation, amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phasing, and musical instrument-synthesizing property, audio and/or sound.

In some examples, the signalling apparatus may be associated with a note, which may comprise any appropriate audio, sonic or acoustic property, for example, pitch, frequency, or the like. The identifier of the signalling apparatus may be associated with the note.

In some examples, a plurality of signalling apparatus may be associated with a plurality of notes, which may comprise any appropriate audio, sonic or acoustic property, for example, pitch, frequency, or the like. The identifiers of the plurality of signalling apparatus may be associated with the plurality of notes. A plurality of notes may be associated with a musical scale, key, chord, set of notes, or the like. For example, a plurality of signalling apparatus may be arranged in any appropriate way to play any of the musical scale, key, chord, or the like.

In some examples, the plurality of communication paths associated with at least one signalling apparatus may be configured for use with a plurality of signalling apparatus such that the plurality of signalling apparatus may be used for generating a sound corresponding to at least one of: a musical scale, key, chord, set of notes, or the like. The signalling apparatus may have an association with at least one other signalling apparatus so that activation of at least one of the associated signalling apparatus causes at least one parameter value of at least one of the associated signalling apparatus to be communicated with the processor. In some examples, a plurality of associated signalling apparatus may be activated, for example at the same time, to generate a sound corresponding to at least one of: a musical scale, key, chord, set of notes, or the like.

In some examples, an association between signalling apparatus may be provided by at least one of: engaging, arranging, connecting, stacking, or the like of the signalling apparatus. In some examples, activation of at least one of the signalling apparatus also results in the activation of at least one further signalling apparatus, for example, when the respective signalling apparatus are engaged, arranged, connected, stacked, or otherwise associated with each other. Activation of at least one of the signalling apparatus may be performed by at least one of: the processor; and a user..

In at least one of the examples, the association between the signalling apparatus (e.g. a plurality of the signalling apparatus, or the like) may provide for easier playing of the musical instrument. For example, where a plurality of signalling apparatus are associated with each other, only one signalling apparatus may need to be activated to activate the plurality of signalling apparatus, and thereby provide communication with the processor. In some examples, the plurality of signalling apparatus may each have an associated note making up a chord. In some examples, there may be two or more signalling apparatus each having a unique identifier. The unique identifier may comprise any one of the following notes: e.g. "A", "B", "C", "D", Έ", "F", "G", or any associated sharp or flat of said notes, or any other associated audio, sonic or acoustic property. The two or more signalling apparatus may be associated with each other, for example, stacked together so that a chord can be produced when the two or more signalling apparatus are activated. For example, a "C" signalling apparatus, an Έ" signalling apparatus and a "G" signalling apparatus can be associated with each other in any appropriate way, and activated in any appropriate way so that a "C" chord may be produced. Any other possible combination of notes may be provided to provide any possible chord, or the like. In some examples, the ability to simultaneously activate a plurality of associated signalling apparatus may make it easier for a user to play a chord, for example, due to a user only needing to activate one of the signalling apparatus rather than needing to activate each signalling apparatus separately (e.g. using separate fingers). For users such as inexperienced users, learners, children, those with limited dexterity, playing a chord (for example) may be significantly easier using the plurality of signalling apparatus. The signalling apparatus may therefore be relatively easy and straightforward to use and may provide a more rewarding experience for users by reducing frustration associated with more difficult musical instruments. Due to the reduced frustration, the musical instrument may encourage learning, may be relatively captivated, and/or may provide a stepping stone for more complicated instruments. Further, the signalling apparatus may be highly flexible and/or adaptable in terms of how the signalling apparatus may be associated with each other. Accordingly, the musical instrument may encourage creative and/or open play. The identifier may comprise a pitch indicator for identifying a pitch associated with the signalling apparatus.

The signalling apparatus may comprise a surface comprising the pitch indicator. The surface may be an outer surface of the signalling apparatus.

In some examples, the pitch indicator may comprise a physical indicator on a surface of the signalling apparatus. The physical indicator may comprise at least one protrusion, for example a code e.g. Braille, extending from the surface of the signalling apparatus. The physical indicator may assist visually-impaired individuals in using the signal generating apparatus and/or musical instrument. The pitch indicator may comprise a visual indicator for visually indicating the pitch associated with the signalling apparatus. The visual indicator may comprise at least one colour. The visual indicator may comprise indicia for displaying information, for example the note or pitch of the signalling apparatus.

In some examples, the pitch indicator may comprise a pattern and/or any appropriate non-colour based visual indicator on a surface of the signalling apparatus, which may or may not comprise a visual indicator in the form of a colour. The non-colour based visual indicator may assist colour blind individuals in using the signal generating apparatus and/or musical instrument. The non-colour based visual indicator may comprise indicia on the signalling apparatus.

In some examples, the signalling apparatus may comprise any combination of visual and physical indicators may be included in the signalling apparatus. For example, the signalling apparatus may comprise at least one of: a colour-based visual indicator, a non-colour based visual indicator, a physical indicator, and the like. The signalling apparatus may be regarded as suitable for use by any individual, irrespective of any visual impairment, and as such may be regarded as a more inclusive and accessible to a wider range of individuals.

The signalling apparatus may comprise a retaining element for engaging a support.

The support may comprise a support surface. The support may form part of the musical instrument. The support may be connectible to another part of the musical instrument. The support may comprise a plurality of retaining elements, each retaining element of the support being configured to retain at least one signalling apparatus.

The retaining element may be configured for engaging the further signalling apparatus.

The retaining element may comprise at least one of a: male and female portion. The retaining element may comprise a magnet for retaining the signalling apparatus in proximity with at least one of: at least one other signalling apparatus; and the support.

The male portion may be engageable with the female portion so as to connect adjacent retaining elements of at least one of: at least one signalling apparatus and the support. The male portion may comprise or define a plug. The female portion may comprise or define a socket.

The signalling apparatus may comprise at least one retaining element. The support may comprise at least one retaining element. The at least one retaining element of the signalling apparatus may be used to connect the signalling apparatus to the support, for example, via at least one retaining element of the support. The at least one retaining element of the signalling apparatus may be used to connect the signalling apparatus to at least one further signalling apparatus, for example, via at least one retaining element of the at least one further signalling apparatus.

The retaining element may be configured to align or orient at least one signalling apparatus with respect to at least one of: at least one other signalling apparatus, and a corresponding support. For example, the retaining element may comprise an orientation configured to ensure that each signalling apparatus may be connectible or arrangeable, associated with respect to each other such that the at least one contact and/or communication path of each signalling apparatus may be appropriately aligned to provide communication between each signalling apparatus and the processor. For example, the retaining element may comprise an asymmetric element configured for preventing the signalling apparatus from being incorrectly arranged relative to another signalling apparatus and/or retaining element of the support. The retaining element may be shaped in any appropriate way to ensure correct alignment between respective signalling apparatus and/or the support. The signalling apparatus may comprise at least one conductor for providing the at least one communication path.

Each conductor may correspond to each communication path. The conductor may comprise a conducting material for providing electrical communication between the identifier and the processor. The signalling apparatus may comprise at least one conductor for providing communication between the signalling apparatus and the processor upon activation of the signalling apparatus.

Upon activation, the conductor may provide electrical communication between the signalling apparatus and the processor, e.g. to permit passage of current between signalling apparatus and the musical instrument. The conductor may be contactable with at least one electrical contact associated with the processor.

The support may comprise the at least one electrical contact associated with the processor. The support may provide communication, for example electrical communication, between the at least one electrical contact and the processor.

The plurality of communication paths of the signalling apparatus may each be associated with at least one individual electrical contact associated with the processor, the at least one individual electrical contact defining at least part of an individual communication path between the identifier of at least one signalling apparatus and the processor.

At least one of the plurality of communication paths of the signalling apparatus may be arranged such that each communication path is spatially distributed for providing a conducting path between the identifier of the signalling apparatus and at least one electrical contact associated with the processor.

The signalling apparatus may comprise a body for housing at least a portion of the plurality of communication paths.

At least one communication path of the signalling apparatus may extend through the body.

At least one communication path may extend between a first side or face of the signalling apparatus and a second side or face of the signalling apparatus. The first side or face may comprise an upper portion of the signalling apparatus. The second side or face may comprise a lower portion of the signalling apparatus. A conductor may extend between the first side or face and the second side or face. A portion of the conductor may be exposed on an outer surface of the signalling apparatus, for example, on at least one of the first side or face, and the second side or face.

At least one communication path may extend between the upper portion and lower portions such that at least one further signalling apparatus is locatable at least one of: above and below the signalling apparatus.

In some examples, a plurality of signalling apparatus may be stacked relative to each other. In some examples, the signalling apparatus may be stacked (e.g. vertically) on top of each other.

At least one communication path of the signalling apparatus may be configured for providing communication between the identifier of the signalling apparatus and the processor. At least one other communication path of the signalling apparatus may be configured for providing communication between the identifier of the at least one further signalling apparatus and processor.

In this manner, if both the signalling apparatus and the at least one further signalling apparatus are stacked, the identifier of each of the signalling apparatus may be communicated with the processor, independently via a respective communication path.

The configuration of the plurality of communication paths may be identical in each signalling apparatus such that at least two signalling apparatus are stackable on each other in any permutation.

For example, the signalling apparatus may be stacked on each other in any order without interfering with the communication of the parameter value between the identifier and the processor. The body may comprise at least one conductor for providing at least one communication path. The at least one conductor may be provided on or in at least one of: a male portion, female portion, plug, socket, recess, or other surface of the signalling apparatus, or the like.

The body of the signalling apparatus may be asymmetric.

The identifier may comprise at least one of a: resistor, capacitor, inductor, radio- frequency identification (RFID) tag, wherein the identifier may comprise an associated parameter value for indicating the audio, sonic or acoustic property.

The parameter value associated with the resistor may be a resistance value. The parameter value associated with the capacitor may be a capacitance valve. The parameter value associated with the inductor may be an inductance value. The parameter value associated with the RFID tag may be an electromagnetic signal, for example, encoding data corresponding to the RFID tag. The identifier may be provided in communication with the processor, for example, via an electrical conductor. The identifier may have a parameter value associated with at least one of a: electrical and magnetic property of the identifier. In some examples, the identifier may comprise a resistor, capacitor, inductor, or the like, which may affect flow of current and/or voltage, or other electrical parameter in a circuit. In some examples, the identifier may comprise a RFID tag configured to be detected by a corresponding RFID tag detector, which may be supported by any appropriate support. Upon activation of the signalling apparatus, the RFID tag may send a signal to the detector, which may communicate with the processor in any appropriate way.

The signalling apparatus may comprise a switch configured for activating the signalling apparatus, the switch being configured for providing communication between the identifier and the processor upon activation of the signalling apparatus. The switch may comprise a biasing device. The biasing device may be configured to permit the at least one part (e.g. an upper body) of the signalling apparatus to be moveable relative to at least one other part (e.g. a lower body) of the signalling apparatus. For example, the biasing device may permit the parts of the signalling apparatus to be compressed by a user, e.g. to close (e.g. activate) a switch for providing the communication between the identifier and the processor (e.g. to play a sound). The biasing device may be configured to bias the parts of the signalling apparatus apart so as to open (e.g. deactivate) the switch upon a user decompressing the signalling apparatus (e.g. to stop playing the sound). The support may comprise a biasing device. The support may comprise a switch for allowing a user to actively provide communication between the signalling apparatus and the processor (e.g. by closing or opening the switch to selectively complete a circuit). At least one retaining element of the support may comprise the biasing device and/or switch.

In an example, the support may comprise at least one biasing device and/or switch. In an example, the signalling apparatus may comprise at least one biasing device and/or switch. It will be appreciated that at least one biasing device and/or switch may be provided in one or both of the: support; and the signalling apparatus.

The signalling apparatus may be activatable by the processor. The signalling apparatus may be provided with an electrical connection with the processor to permit the processor to send/receive a signal to/from the signalling apparatus to identify the identifier of the signalling apparatus.

The signalling apparatus may be assignable with a function such as a trigger for a sound, sonic or acoustic function based on the identifier of the signalling apparatus. For example, the identifier may be used to activate a certain function such as a loop, sound, acoustic signal, or the like upon at least one of: the user activating or deactivating the switch and/or the processor scanning the support to identify signalling apparatus connected to the support.

The processor may be configured to determine a position of at least one signalling apparatus. The processor may be configured to determine the position of the at least one signalling apparatus on a support.

The processor may be configured to determine at least one parameter value of the identifier of at least one signalling apparatus. The processor may be configured to scan for available signalling apparatus. The processor may be configured to determine at least one parameter value of the identifier of at least one signalling apparatus detected by the scan or connected to the processor.

The processor may be configured to perform a function, such as playing a sound or the like, corresponding to the identifier of the available signalling apparatus.

The processor may be configured to perform the function by scanning through one or more available signalling apparatus. The processor may be configured to scan the available signalling apparatus in a sequence. The sequence may comprise a horizontal and/or vertical scan along a support for the signalling apparatus to allow the processor to determine the position of at least one signalling apparatus connected to the support. As the scan is performed, a sound or other function may be activated e.g. to play a sequence of sounds (e.g. a musical composition) or perform a sequence of functions. For example, a user could position signalling apparatus at desired positions on a support corresponding to notes of a musical composition in a time sequence, then perform the scan to allow the musical composition to be played. According to an example of the present disclosure there is provided an apparatus for communicating with a processor. The apparatus may comprise a selectively activatable sensor. The apparatus may comprise an identifier for indicating a parameter value associated with the sensor. The apparatus may comprise a communication path for communicating the parameter value with the processor. The apparatus may comprise at least one further communication path for communicating a further parameter value associated with a further sensor with the processor.

The apparatus may comprise or be in the form of a signalling apparatus. The signalling apparatus may comprise any signalling apparatus described in any of the examples of the present disclosure. The signalling apparatus may be for an audio, sonic or acoustic system such as an instrument, game or toy.

The sensor may be configured for activation by a user. The sensor may comprise or be in the form of a signalling apparatus. The sensor may be activated to communicate the parameter value with the processor. The parameter value may comprise or be in the form of a unique parameter value. The unique parameter value may be configured for identifying an audio, sonic or acoustic property associated with the signalling apparatus. The unique parameter value may be an electrical parameter value, for example, resistance, capacitance, inductance, impedance, or the like.

The processor may comprise any appropriate processor for processing the parameter value. The processor may comprise a signal processor, sound processor, or the like.

According to an example of the present disclosure there is provided a system. The system may comprise at least one signalling apparatus according to any example of the present disclosure. The system may comprise a support operable to provide communication between the at least one signalling apparatus and a processor configured for communicating with the at least one signalling apparatus. The system may comprise a musical instrument, toy, sound generator, computer device interfacing system, or the like.

The system may comprise a switch. The switch may be located in at least one of: the signalling apparatus; and the support. The switch may be operable to provide communication between the processor and the signalling apparatus upon activation or deactivation by a user.

The processor may be configured to determine a position of at least one signalling apparatus. The processor may be configured to determine the position of the at least one signalling apparatus on the support.

The processor may be configured to determine at least one parameter value of the identifier of at least one signalling apparatus.

The processor may be configured to scan for available signalling apparatus. The processor may be configured to determine at least one parameter value of the identifier of at least one signalling apparatus detected by the scan or connected to the processor. The processor may be configured to perform a function, such as playing a sound or the like, corresponding to the identifier of the available signalling apparatus.

The processor may be configured to perform the function by scanning through one or more available signalling apparatus. The processor may be configured to scan the available signalling apparatus in a sequence. The sequence may comprise a horizontal and/or vertical scan along the support for the signalling apparatus to allow the processor to determine the position of at least one signalling apparatus connected to the support.

The system may comprise a user device operable to send/receive a signal to/from the processor. The user device may be configured to provide at least one of: an input/output device such as a screen, touchscreen, visual display, or the like; and an audio device such as a speaker, or the like. The user device may be configured to control an operation of the processor, support and/or signalling apparatus based on a user input, for example, entered via the input device. The user device may comprise a tablet, smart phone, PC, laptop, phone, internet-enabled device, or the like.

According to an example of the present disclosure there is provided a support for supporting at least one signalling apparatus of any example of the present disclosure. The support may comprise at least one retaining element for retaining the signalling apparatus.

The support may comprise at least one communication path for providing communication between at least one signalling apparatus and the processor.

The support may comprise at least one input conductor and at least one output conductor associated with each retaining element. At least one of the input and output conductors may be configured for providing an electrical circuit between the processor and the signalling apparatus via the identifier of the signalling apparatus.

The support may comprise a switch. The switch may be operable to provide communication between the processor and the signalling apparatus upon activation or deactivation by a user. The support may comprise a processor for at least one of: determining a position of at least one signalling apparatus on the support, and determining at least one parameter value of the identifier of at least one signalling apparatus. In some examples, when in use, the signalling apparatus is disposed on the retaining element, an electrical connection may be provided between the processor and the identifier via the input and output conductors of the signalling apparatus. In some examples, when in use, the signalling apparatus is activated, an electrical connection may be provided between the input conductor and the output conductor via the identifier.

The signalling apparatus may comprise at least one contact, for example an electrical contact, comprising or defining a connection, for example a conduction path with at least one other contact of the signalling apparatus. In some examples, a pair of contacts may define the conduction path. The signalling apparatus may comprise at least one contact for each communication path. For example, where at least one signalling apparatus is engaged with, connected to, stacked or otherwise associated with at least one other signalling apparatus, at least one contact of one of the signalling apparatus may define or provide a communication path of said signalling apparatus, and at least one contact of another signalling apparatus may define or provide a further communication path of said another signalling apparatus. In some examples, the communication path associated with each signalling apparatus may be in contact with a contact of an adjacent or associated signalling apparatus. In some examples, the signalling apparatus may comprise a plurality of contacts, wherein each contact may be configured for providing an independent communication path for each signalling apparatus. For example, the signalling apparatus may comprise a first contact, for example a first output contact, and a second contact, for example a second output contact. The first contact may be configured for communication with a third contact of the signalling apparatus such that, when activated, the signalling apparatus provides communication, for example electrical communication, between the first contact and the third contact of the signalling apparatus. In some examples, the second contact may not be configured for communication with another contact of the signalling apparatus. Instead, the second contact may be configured for communication with a contact of another signalling apparatus, wherein said another signalling apparatus may comprise the same, similar or different arrangement of contacts and/or communication paths. The first and second contacts may therefore define independent or exclusive communication paths of the signalling apparatus, wherein one of said contacts may be configured for communication with the identifier of the signalling apparatus. In some examples there may be three or more contacts for providing three or more communication paths. In such examples, the contacts and/or communication paths may be arranged in any appropriate way so that each communication path may be independent of the other communication paths, and/or so that an associated further signalling apparatus may be provided in communication with the processor via at least one of the communication paths of the signalling apparatus.

According to an example of the present disclosure there is provided an assembly comprising at least one signalling apparatus according to any example of the present disclosure and a support according to any example of the present disclosure.

The processor may configured for sending a signal to at least one of a: processor, memory and database. The assembly may comprise a sound generator such as a speaker. The sound generator may be configured for generating sound upon receiving a signal from the processor upon activation of at least one signalling apparatus.

The sound generator may comprise a speaker, or any sound generating device.

According to an example of the present disclosure there is provided a method of operating a processor for an audio, sonic or acoustic system such as an instrument, game or toy. The processor may be configured for receiving a unique parameter value from a plurality of signalling apparatus, the parameter value identifying an audio, sonic or acoustic property associated with the signalling apparatus. The method may comprise receiving a unique parameter value from at least one of the signalling apparatus. The method may comprise receiving a unique parameter value from at least one other of the signalling apparatus. The method may comprise identifying the audio, sonic or acoustic property associated with at least one of the signalling apparatus based on the unique parameter value of the signalling apparatus. The method may comprise activating at least one of the signalling apparatus.

The method may comprise performing a logic operation to identify the audio, sonic or acoustic property associated with the signalling apparatus.

The method may comprise determining an audio, sonic, acoustic or sound signal based on the identified audio, sonic or acoustic property and sending the sound signal to at least one of: a sound generator; a processor for further processing of the sound signal; and the like.

The sound signal may be a digital signal, for example, comprising information encoding at least one acoustic parameter or other data received from the signalling apparatus. The sound signal may be an analogue signal encoding at least one of: amplitude, frequency, phase, modulation, or the like.

The method may comprise generating or playing a sound representative of the audio, sonic, or acoustic property. The method may comprise determining at least electrical parameter value associated with the signalling apparatus based on the parameter value for identifying an audio, sonic or acoustic property associated with the signalling apparatus. The method may comprise using the determined electrical parameter value to identify the audio, sonic or acoustic property.

The electrical parameter may comprise at least one of: voltage, current, modulation such as current and/or voltage modulation, impedance, or other electrical parameter. The identifier may comprise any electrical component capable of providing a distinguishable electrical parameter, for example, a resistor, a capacitor, an inductor, or the like.

The method may comprise determining a position of at least one signalling apparatus. The method may comprise determining the unique parameter value of the at least one signalling apparatus. The method may comprise performing a function, such as playing a sound or the like, corresponding to the unique parameter value of the at least one signalling apparatus.

The method may comprise performing the function by scanning one or more signalling apparatus. The method may comprise scanning the one or more signalling apparatus in a sequence. Scanning in the sequence may comprise performing a horizontal and/or vertical scan along a support for the signalling apparatus to determine the position of at least one signalling apparatus connected to the support. According to an example of the present disclosure there is provided a computer program product that when executed by a processing system or control unit causes the processing system or control unit to at least partially implement the method of any example of the present disclosure. The processing system or control unit may comprise a processor and a memory. The processing system or control unit may comprise a communications module, such as a wireless and/or wired communications module. The memory may be configured to store at least part of the computer program product. The control unit may be coupled or in communication with at least one input device or user input device and/or at least one output or user output device.

The processing system or control unit may be coupled or in communication with at least one signalling apparatus according to any example of the present disclosure. The signalling apparatus may comprise or define an input device. The signalling apparatus may comprise or define a user input device. Further examples of suitable user input devices may include, for example, a keyboard, mouse, trackball, switch, touch screen or contact pad such as a capacitive or inductive touch screen or contact pad, optical and/or camera based input system and/or the like. Examples of suitable output or user output devices include a display, screen, led, speaker or other audio output, haptic output device, a virtual reality headset, a data store, a network, a remote server, and/or the like.

The computer program product may be provided on a carrier medium. The carrier medium may be a tangible, non-transient carrier medium, such as a flash drive, memory stick, optical disk or carrier, magnetic disk or carrier, memory, ROM, RAM, and/or the like. The carrier medium may be, comprise or be comprised in a non- tangible carrier medium such as an electromagnetic wave, electronic or magnetic signal, digital data and/or the like.

In addition, it will be well understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art that whilst some embodiments may implement certain functionality by means of a computer program having computer-readable instructions that are executable to perform the method of the embodiments, the computer program functionality could be implemented in hardware (for example by means of a CPU or by one or more ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays) or GPUs (graphic processing units)) or by a mix of hardware and software.

According to an example of the present disclosure there is provided a musical notation system. The musical notation system may comprise a visual indicator system for displaying musical notation on a user interface. The visual indicator system may be configured for identifying a signalling apparatus according to any example of the present disclosure. The signalling apparatus may comprise at least one visual indicator for indicating a musical note associated with the visual indicator system.

The musical notation system may comprise the computer program product of any example of the present disclosure.

It should be understood that any one or more of the features of any one or more of the examples, aspects and/or embodiments described herein may apply alone or in any combination in relation to any one or more of the other examples, aspects and/or embodiments described herein. References to "some" examples may refer to "one" or "more than one" example. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other examples of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to the following drawings, in which:

Figure 1 a is a perspective view of a sound generating apparatus according to an example of the present disclosure; Figure 1 b is an expanded perspective view of a mounting portion of the sound generating apparatus of Figure 1 a; Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of a signalling apparatus according to an example of the present disclosure;

Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of an algorithm for producing a signal according to an example of the present disclosure;

Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of circuitry enclosed within a plurality of signalling apparatus according to the example of Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a further schematic illustration of the circuitry of Figure 4;

Figures 6a-6b are exploded perspective partially cutaway views of stacked signalling apparatus according an example of the present disclosure;

Figure 7 is a perspective view of a sound generating apparatus according to a further example of the present disclosure;

Figures 8a-8b respectively show top and bottom views of a signalling apparatus according to an example of the present disclosure; Figure 9 is a schematic side view of a stack of signalling apparatus on a support surface;

Figure 10 is a schematic illustration of circuitry in a stack of signalling apparatus according to an example of the present disclosure;

Figures 11 a-11 b respectively show perspective and partially transparent perspective views of a signalling apparatus according to an example of the present disclosure;

Figures 12a-12b illustrate an example visual indicator system for the notation of a scale and chords, respectively; Figure 13 illustrates an example visual indicator system for playing a piece of music;

Figure 14 illustrates a further example of a visual indicator system for playing a piece of music; and

Figure 15 illustrates a further example of a visual indicator system for playing a piece of music. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 a illustrates a signal generating apparatus, which in this example is in the form of a sound generating apparatus 10. The sound generating apparatus 10 includes a plurality of signalling apparatus 12. The signalling apparatus 12 is referred to by the applicant as a "dot" or "bop", but in the present example may be considered to be in the form of a button or switch for opening and closing an electrical circuit. Each signalling apparatus 12 can be activated to cause a certain note (e.g. "pitch") to be produced by the sound generating apparatus 10. In this example each signalling apparatus includes a pitch indicator for indicating the note or pitch to be generated by the sound generating apparatus 10; the pitch indicator of the present example takes the form of a visual indicator, which in this example takes the form of inclusion of colour on an outer surface of each signalling apparatus 12. In the present example, each signalling apparatus 12 includes a colour indicative of the note or pitch in addition to indicia 14 displaying the note or pitch (e.g. in this example the notes A, B, C, D, E, F, G and/or sharps (e.g. "it") and/or flats (e.g. " ") of said notes) of an individual signalling apparatus 12.

The drawings as filed which accompany this disclosure are in colour and clearly indicate that each signalling apparatus 12 may have a different colour. However, for the purposes of clarity once the drawings are converted to monochrome, it will be appreciated that the signalling apparatus 12 have a different colour for each indicia 14 (e.g. the signalling apparatus 12 having a C** indicia 14 has a different colour (e.g. light blue) to the signalling apparatus 12 having a D* indicia 14 (e.g. dark blue) and these colours may be represented by a different tone (or shade) in the formal drawings accompanying this disclosure). Of course, any appropriate colour system could be used to represent different notes or pitch. In some examples, predetermined colours of a certain order could be selected and organised according to the order of notes or pitch in an octave (e.g. in some examples the note "A" could be coloured red and the note "G" could be colour violet, and the notes in between "A" and "G" could be organised according to the different colours of the rainbow for example). In some examples, there may be a visual indicator for indicating which octave a note corresponds to, for example, a number or other marking for specifying which octave the note belongs to. In some examples, a certain colour could be assigned to a certain note or pitch, and different shades of said colour could correspond to a semi-tone shift (e.g. a flat or a sharp) in said note or pitch. Of course, any other predetermined set of colours could be provided in any appropriate order or configuration for indicating a predetermined set of notes or pitches.

The sound generating apparatus 10 includes a support for supporting the signalling apparatus 12, which in this example is in the form of a support surface 16. The support surface 16 includes a plurality of retaining elements, which in this example are in the form of sockets 18, each configured for receiving one of the signalling apparatus 12. Each socket 18 includes a female portion, which in this example is in the form of a first recess 20 and a second recess 22 formed in the support surface 16. Although not illustrated in Figure 1 a, each signalling apparatus 12 includes a corresponding retaining element, which in this example is in the form of a plug for engaging the socket 18 of the support surface 16. Further details of the plug are described herein. Turning now to Figure 1 b, there is shown an expanded view of one of the sockets 18. In the present example the support surface 16 includes a lower surface 24 and a co- extending upper surface 26. The first and second recesses 20, 22 are formed in the upper surface 26 such that a portion of the lower surface 24 is accessible (e.g. visible) from above the upper surface 26. A circuit is disposed in, within or on the support surface 16, the circuit of the present example being disposed between (e.g. sandwiched, or the like, between) the lower and upper surfaces 24, 26. The circuit is not fully illustrated (but is still partially visible) in Figures 1 a-1 b, and is described herein. The first recess 20 is arcuate, and in the present example is in the form of a section of an annulus. The second recess 22 is also arcuate, and in the present example is in the form of a smaller section of an annulus (i.e. compared with the first recess 20). The first and second recesses 20, 22 are arranged such that a radial centre point of each recess (defined by the arcuate shape of each recess) is co-centred and the recesses 20, 22 are on opposite sides of the centre point of each recess 20, 22. It will be appreciated that other arrangements 20, 22 are possible.

Referring now to the circuit disposed in the support surface 16, a portion of the circuit is visible in the recesses 20, 22. The circuit includes a plurality of communication paths for providing communication between the signalling apparatus 12 and the sound generating apparatus 10. In the present example the communication paths each include at least one electrical contact 28 for electrically connecting the signalling apparatus 12 to the sound generating apparatus 10. The first recess 20 of this example includes three spaced electrical contacts 28 (which may each be referred to as an electrical "output" or "output conductor") which are electrically isolated from each other within the recess 20. The second recess 22 of this example includes one electrical contact 28 (which may be referred to as an electrical "input" or "input conductor"). As explained further herein, when a signalling apparatus 12 is received in the socket 18, the signalling apparatus 12 may be configured to provide an electrical connection between the input electrical contact in the second recess 22 and at least one of the output electrical contacts 28 in the first recess 20. In some examples, the signalling apparatus 12 may close an electrical circuit so that a current may pass through the circuit and may cause the sound generating apparatus 10 to produce a sound. It will be appreciated that any other appropriate electrical arrangement may be provided for causing a signal to be conveyed between the signalling apparatus 12 and the sound generating apparatus 10.

The sound generating apparatus 10 includes a processor, which in this example is in the form of a sound processor 30 including circuitry for sending an electrical signal to a sound generator, which in this example is in the form of a speaker 32. The processor 30 may be configured for sending a signal to at least one of a: processor (e.g. a further processor such as a signal processor), a memory and a database. The sound processor 30 and speaker 32 are housed by a housing 34. The housing 34 includes a plurality of actuators 36 disposed in an outer surface of the housing 34 for controlling the sound processor 30. For example, the actuators 36 may take the form of a sensor, button, switch, variable resistor, or the like for actuating a function of the sound processor 30. Such functions may include, but not be limited to, changing an acoustic parameter such as volume, tone, pitch, octave, timbre, sound-synthesizing properties such as for producing different sounds according to different audio, sonic or acoustic systems such as an instrument (e.g. musical instrument), game or toy, or the like. The housing 34 could be separate from or integral with the support surface 16. In the present example the housing is disposed adjacent the support surface 16 and includes electrical connections therebetween for providing the communication paths between the signalling apparatus 12 and the sound processor 30. It will be appreciated that any appropriate arrangement of sound generating apparatus 10 may be provided, as will be described herein.

Turning now to Figure 2 there is illustrated an exploded perspective view of the signalling apparatus 12. The signalling apparatus 12 includes a body 38 for housing at least one communication path, which in this example is in the form of at least one conductor 40 disposed in or on a printed circuit board (PCB) 42. The at least one conductor 40 of the present example is configured to electrically connect at least two electrical contacts 28 of the support surface 16, for example, the input electrical contact 28 in the second recess 22 may, during use, be electrically connected to one of the output electrical contacts 28 in the first recess 20 via one of the conductors 40 of the PCB 42. The at least one communication path, which in this example is in the form of the at least one conductor 40, may be arranged such that each communication path is spatially distributed for providing a conducting path between the identifier of the signalling apparatus 12 and at least one electrical contact associated with the processor 30. The body 38 includes a lower body 44 and an upper body 46. A space for receiving the PCB 42 and other components is provided between the lower and upper bodies 44, 46. At least one biasing element 47, which in this example includes a compression element 48 and an anchor element 50 (e.g. a sprung pin or the like), is disposed between the lower body 44 and the upper body 46. The biasing element 47 connects the anchor element 50 to the PCB 42 and the compression element 48 is configured to permit the anchor elements 50 to be protrudable through apertures 49 in the lower body 44 for making electrical contact with the electrical contacts 28. If the signalling apparatus 12 is stacked on another signalling apparatus 12, the anchor elements 50 extending through the apertures 49 in the lower body 44 of the upper signalling apparatus 12 are configured to extend through corresponding apertures 49 of the upper body 46 of the lower signalling apparatus 12. The biasing elements 47 in this example are conductive for connecting the conductors 40 on the PCB 42 to the electrical contacts 28. A biasing device (not shown here but may comprise an electrical switch) is provided to permit a user to compress the lower body 44 and the upper body 46 together, and when the compression is removed, the lower body 44 and the upper body 46 move apart according to a biasing force applied by the biasing device. The body 38 may be configured to form a switch, such that when the biasing device is compressed, an electrical switch (not shown here but illustrated and described in this disclosure) disposed between the bodies 44, 46 can be opened or closed to selectively complete an electrical circuit (e.g. such as a circuit formed between the sound generating apparatus 10 and the signalling apparatus 12).

The body 38 can take any appropriate form. In the present example the lower body 44 is generally circular and includes a disc portion 52 including a retaining element (e.g. including a plug of the signalling apparatus 12), which in this example is in the form of a male portion 54 extending outwardly (e.g. downwardly) from a lower outer surface of the disc portion 52. The lower body 44 includes an edge, which in this example is in the form of an annular wall portion 53 extending upwardly from the periphery of the disc portion 52, the annular wall portion 53 being integral with the disc portion 52 and defining at least a portion of the space for receiving the PCB 42 and other components. The male portion 54 includes a first protrusion 56 shaped for engaging the first recess 20 and a second protrusion 58 shaped for engaging the second recess 22 (e.g. in this example the protrusions 56, 58 are accurate in form and are oriented to fit within the corresponding recesses 20, 22). In this example the first protrusion 56 includes an interior space 60 (i.e. within an interior surface of the body 38) for receiving at least one conductor (not shown in this figure). For example, the PCB 42 includes three conductors which extend (e.g. downwardly) into the interior space 60 of the first protrusion 56 such that when the signalling apparatus 12 is engaged with a corresponding retaining element of the support surface 16, an electrical connection is provided between the conductors 40 and the corresponding (e.g. output) electrical contacts 28 in the first recess 20.

In this example, the second protrusion 58 includes an interior space 62 (i.e. within an interior surface of the body 38) for receiving at least one conductor (not shown in this figure). For example, the PCB 42 of this example includes one conductor which extends into the interior space 62 of the second protrusion 58 such that when the signalling apparatus 12 is engaged with a corresponding retaining element of the support surface 16, an electrical connection is provided between the conductor and the corresponding (e.g. input) electrical contact 28 in the second recess 22.

Turning now to the upper body 46, in the present example the upper body 46 is generally circular and includes a disc portion 64 including a retaining element, which in this example is in the form of a female portion 66 extending inwardly (e.g. downwardly) from an upper outer surface of the disc portion 64. The upper body 46 includes an edge, which in this example is in the form of an annular wall portion 65 extending downwardly from the periphery of the disc portion 64, the annular wall portion 65 being integral with the disc portion 64 and defining at least a portion of the space for receiving the PCB 42 and other components. The inner diameter of the annular wall portion 65 of the upper body 46 is larger than the outer diameter of the annular wall portion 53 of the lower body 44 such that the upper body 46 fit around the annular wall portion 53 of the lower body 44, the respective annular wall portions 53, 65 being moveable or slidable relative to each other. The female portion 66 includes a first recess 68 shaped for engaging a corresponding first protrusion 56 of a further signalling apparatus 12 (not shown here but illustrated and described herein) and a second recess 70 shaped for engaging a corresponding second protrusion 58 of the further signalling apparatus 12. In this example the first recess 68 includes an interior space 72 (i.e. within an exterior surface of the upper body 46) for receiving at least one conductor of the further signalling apparatus 12. For example, the PCB 42 of the present example includes three conductors which are contactable (by corresponding conductors below another signalling apparatus 12) via the interior space 72 of the first recess 68 such that when the further signalling apparatus 12 is stacked on top of the present signalling apparatus 12, an electrical contact is made between at least one conductor of the further signalling apparatus 12 (i.e. in this example at least one conductor extending downwardly at least partially through the first protrusion 56 of lower body 44 of the further signalling apparatus 12) and at least one corresponding conductor of the signalling apparatus 12 (i.e. in this example at least one conductor extending upwardly at least partially through the first recess 68 of the upper body 46 of the signalling apparatus 12). In this example, the second recess 70 includes an interior space 74 (i.e. within an exterior surface of the upper body 46) for receiving at least one conductor of the further signalling apparatus 12 (not shown in this figure). For example, the PCB 42 of this example includes one conductor which is contactable via the interior space 74 of the second recess 70 such that when the signalling apparatus 12 is engaged with the further signalling apparatus 12, an electrical contact is made between the conductor of the further signalling apparatus 12 (i.e. in this example at least one conductor extending downwardly at least partially through the second protrusion 58 of lower body 44 of the further signalling apparatus 12) and at least one corresponding conductor of the signalling apparatus 12 (i.e. in this example at least one conductor extending upwardly at least partially through the second recess 70 of the upper body 46 of the signalling apparatus 12).

The body 38 may include a first side or face, which in this example is in the form of an upper portion of the signalling apparatus 12. The body 38 may include a second side or face, which in this example is in the form of a lower portion. In the present example, the upper portion comprises the lower body 44 and the upper portion comprises the upper body 46. At least one conductor 40 may extend between the upper portion and lower portions such that at least one further signalling apparatus 12 is locatable at least one of: above and below the signalling apparatus 12.

The PCB 42 may include upwardly and downwardly extending conductors, arranged such that, in this example, a communication path in the form of a conductor can be provided via (e.g. through) the signalling apparatus 12. Each communication path extends through the signalling apparatus 12 such that a further signalling apparatus 12 positioned (e.g. stacked) on top of the signalling apparatus 12 can be connect with the signal generating apparatus (e.g. sound generating apparatus 10). However, the communication paths are arranged such that each communication path provides an individual way for a circuit to be provided between each individual signalling apparatus 12 in each stack. Thus, the conductors 40 on the PCB 42 may be arranged to provide the individual communication paths passing through each signalling apparatus 12. The arrangement of the communication paths (e.g. conductors 40) is illustrated and described in more detail below. Therefore, the signalling apparatus 12 can be stacked, e.g. one signalling apparatus 12 stacked on top of another signalling apparatus 12. In the present example, three signalling apparatus 12 can be provided in any one stack of signalling apparatus 12. As described in further detail herein, the signalling apparatus 12 can produce a 3-note chord when simultaneously activated (e.g. when all three signalling apparatus 12 are pressed at the same time when stacked). It will of course be appreciated that the signalling apparatus 12 and/or support surface 16 could be configured in any appropriate way such that one, two, three, four, five, or more signalling apparatus 12 could be stacked. Although male and female portions have been described as provided on certain features of the signalling apparatus 12 and/or support surface, it will be appreciated that in some examples any appropriate retaining method may be used, for example, a female portion could replace a male portion, and correspondingly a male portion could replace a female portion on any portion of the signalling apparatus 12 and/or support surface.

Turning to Figure 3, there is illustrated an algorithm 76 according to an example of the present disclosure, the algorithm being configured to provide communication, e.g. electrical communication, between the signalling apparatus 12 and a processor, which in this example is the form of the sound processor 30 or other signal generating processor and configured to generate a sound (or other signal) according to which signalling apparatus 12 has been activated. Any appropriate method, which in this example is in the form of an algorithm, may be used to generate the sound or other signal. 33. The algorithm may include a logic operation to determine the unique parameter value. The algorithm may include determining an audio, sonic, acoustic or sound signal based on the identified audio, sonic or acoustic property and sending the audio, sonic, acoustic or sound signal to at least one of: a sound generator; a processor for further processing of the audio, sonic, acoustic or sound signal. The method, for example the algorithm, may be performed using a computer program product that when executed by a processing system (e.g. sound processor 30, or other processor) or control unit causes the processing system or control unit to at least partially implement the method or algorithm. The algorithm may comprise generating or playing a sound representative of the audio, sonic or acoustic property.

The processing system or control unit may comprise a processor and a memory. The processing system or control unit may comprise a communications module, such as a wireless and/or wired communications module. The memory may be configured to store at least part of the computer program product. The control unit may be coupled or in communication with at least one input device or user input device and/or at least one output or user output device.

The processing system or control unit may be coupled or in communication with at least one signalling apparatus 12.

The audio, sonic, acoustic or sound signal may be a digital signal, for example, comprising information encoding at least one acoustic parameter or other data received from the signalling apparatus. The audio, sonic, acoustic or sound signal may be an analogue signal encoding at least one of: amplitude, frequency, phase, modulation, or the like. The algorithm may comprise determining at least electrical parameter value associated with the signalling apparatus based on the parameter value for identifying an audio, sonic or acoustic property associated with the signalling apparatus, and using the determined electrical parameter value to identify the audio, sonic or acoustic property. The electrical parameter may comprise at least one of: voltage, current, modulation such as current and/or voltage modulation, impedance, or other electrical parameter. The identifier may comprise any electrical component capable of providing a distinguishable electrical parameter, for example, a resistor, a capacitor, an inductor, or the like.

According to a first step 77, the signalling apparatus 12 is activated and a communication path provided between the signalling apparatus 12 and the sound processor 30. According to a second step 78, the sound processor identifies a unique parameter value, which in this example is in the form of an electrical parameter such as resistance, associated with the signalling apparatus 12. According to a third step 79, the processor may carry out a logic operation, for example, IF the value of the parameter matches a value in a database corresponding to a specific sound or note (or any other sound parameter) THEN send a signal to an acoustic device (e.g. an acoustic device such as speaker 32) and/or other device (such as a processor, PC, Laptop, Tablet, Phablet, Phone, or the like) for further processing (e.g. in an "App"). Of course, it will be appreciated that any appropriate algorithm can be used to determine which signalling apparatus 12 is or was being activated. The algorithm can be implemented in any, for example, using a processor or other device associated with the sound processor 30, or indeed any external apparatus associated with the signalling apparatus 12.

Turning to Figure 4 there is schematically illustrated internal circuitry (e.g. in the form of a plurality of conductors 40) of a stack of three signalling apparatus 12, the stack being retained or supported on the support surface 16 (which includes the electrical contacts 28 and in the present example of Figure 4 only illustrates the (output) electrical contacts 28 of the first recess 20 for brevity; the (input) electrical contact 28 of the second recess 22 is simply not visible in this view). The PCB 42 of each signalling apparatus 12 includes conductors 40 arranged in such a way to provide individual communication paths through each signalling apparatus 12 such that a signalling apparatus 12 stacked on another signalling apparatus 12 can communicate with the sound processor 30 without interfering with the communication paths of the adjacent stacked signalling apparatus 12 (i.e. with the sound processor 30).

Each signalling apparatus 12 includes a plurality of lower electrical contacts 80 (which are electrically isolated from each other) and a plurality of upper electrical contacts 82 (which are electrically isolated from each other). In the present example there are three lower electrical contacts 80 and three upper electrical contacts 82. A conductor 40 electrically connects one of the lower electrical contacts 80 with one of the upper electrical contacts 82, thereby defining a portion of a first communication path 83. A further conductor 40 electrically connects another of the lower electrical contacts 80 with another of the upper electrical contacts 82, thereby defining a portion of a second communication path 84. A further conductor 40 electrically connects another of the lower electrical contacts 80, via a switch (e.g. a push switch, or the like - not shown here but described and illustrated herein), with an identifier, which in this example is in the form of a resistor 86 (illustrated by Figure 5), wherein the further conductor 40 defines a portion of a third communication path 85. In turn, the resistor 86 is electrically connected to the conductor 40 disposed between/within the second protrusion 58 of the lower body 44 and/or the second recess 70 of the upper body 46, said conductor 40 being electrically connectible to the (input) electrical contact 28 of the second recess 22 of the support surface 16. The identifier may comprise a unique parameter value for identifying an audio, sonic or acoustic property associated with the signalling apparatus 12. In the present example,

Therefore, in a first example, supposing a first signalling apparatus 12 is disposed on the support surface 16. When the switch of the first signalling apparatus 12 is closed, a first conducting path 87 is defined between the (input) electrical contact 28 of the second recess 22 of the support surface 16, the conductor 40 of the second protrusion 58 of the first signalling apparatus 12, the resistor 86 of the first signalling apparatus 12, the switch of the first signalling apparatus 12, the portion of the third communication path 85 of the first signalling apparatus 12, and one of the (output) electrical contacts 28 of the support surface 16. A current may therefore pass through the first conducting path 87 when the circuit is completed (e.g. when the switch is closed).

In a second example, suppose that a second signalling apparatus 12 is disposed (e.g. stacked) on the first signalling apparatus 12 of the first example, wherein current is able to pass through the first conducting path 87 when the switch is closed (or not able to pass through the first conducting path 87 when the switch is open). When the switch of the second signalling apparatus 12 is closed, a second conducting path 88 is defined between the (input) electrical contact 28 of the second recess 22 of the support surface 16, the conductor 40 of the second protrusion 58 of the first signalling apparatus 12, the conductor 40 of the second protrusion 58 of the second signalling apparatus 12, the resistor 86 of the second signalling apparatus 12, the switch of the second signalling apparatus 12, the portion of the third communication path 85 of the second signalling apparatus 12, a portion of the first communication path 83 of the first signalling apparatus 12, and one of the (output) electrical contacts 28 of the support surface 16. A current may therefore pass through the second conducting path 88 when the circuit is completed (e.g. when the switch of the second signalling apparatus 12 is closed).

In a third example, suppose that a third signalling apparatus 12 is disposed (e.g. stacked) on the second signalling apparatus 12 of the second example, wherein current is able to pass through the second conducting path 88 when the switch is closed (or not able to pass through the first conducting path 88 when the switch is open). When the switch of the third signalling apparatus 12 is closed, a third conducting path 89 is defined between the (input) electrical contact 28 of the second recess 22 of the support surface 16, the conductor 40 of the second protrusion 58 of the first signalling apparatus 12, the conductor 40 of the second protrusion 58 of the second signalling apparatus 12, the conductor 40 of the second protrusion 58 of the third signalling apparatus 12, the resistor 86 of the third signalling apparatus 12, the switch of the third signalling apparatus 12, the portion of the third communication path 85 of the third signalling apparatus 12, a portion of the first communication path 83 of the second signalling apparatus 12, a portion of the second communication path 84 of the first signalling apparatus 12, and one of the (output) electrical contacts 28 of the support surface 16. A current may therefore pass through the third conducting path 89 when the circuit is completed (e.g. when the switch of the second signalling apparatus 12 is closed).

The arrangement of the first, second and third communication paths 83, 84, 85 along with the other conducting components of each signalling apparatus 12 in this example allows the signalling apparatus 12 to be stacked in any order. Therefore, it may be much simpler to arrange or position the signalling apparatus 12 according to user requirements without having to consider which order to stack the signalling apparatus 12 in. Further, the independent arranged conducting paths 87, 88, 89 may allow the resistance values of the respective resistors 86 to be determined independently and/or simultaneously using e.g. the sound apparatus 30, which may have any appropriate circuitry to achieve this.

Accordingly, in the third example, when all three signalling apparatus 12 in the stack are activated, a separate current may pass through the first, second and third conducting paths 87, 88, 89. This system may be able to distinguish between different signalling apparatus 12 being configured for producing a different note or pitch. In the present example, the resistor 86 value of each signalling apparatus 12 may be used for identifying which note is being activated/played. Thus, each resistor 86 acts as an identifier for a given note. It will be appreciated that any component could act as an identifier, for example, it may be possible to use a different electrical component such as a capacitor, inductor, or any other appropriate component for providing an identifier for the individual note defined by any one signalling apparatus. In some examples, the identifier may be considered to be passive (e.g. a resistor, capacitor, inductor, passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag or the like), wherein a power source can be provided and once an electrical circuit is formed, the identifier affects an electrical parameter value that can be measured, for example by the sound processor 30. In the case of the passive RFID tag, an electromagnetic field may be provided, which may cause the passive RFID tag to radiate a signal that encodes a value defining the note or pitch of the signalling apparatus 12, wherein said signal can be detected in any appropriate way. In some examples, the identifier may be considered active (e.g. the identifier could be a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, or the like, wherein the power source (e.g. electrical power source) activates the RFID tag which produces a signal which is detected by any appropriate method (e.g. an RFID detector (not shown) located near the signalling apparatus 12). Any method in which a communication path is provided between or via adjacent (stacked) signalling apparatus 12 may provide a relatively simply and/or straightforward way of detecting which signalling apparatus 12 has been activated (and thereby allow the sound processor 30 to generate an appropriate signal or sound).

A simplified version of the stacked signalling apparatus of the third example is represented by Figure 5, which illustrates at least some of: the (input) electrical contact 28 at the second recess 22; portions of the conductors 40 between the second protrusion 58 and the second recess 70 (of each signalling apparatus 12); the resistors 86 (of each signalling apparatus 12); switches 90 (each of which may include a biasing device); the portions of the conductors 40 between first protrusion 56 and first recess 68 (of each signalling apparatus 12); the first, second and third communication paths 83, 84 and 85; the first, second and third conducting paths 87, 88, 89; and the (output) electrical contacts 28 at the first recess 20. Figure 5 also illustrates voltage outputs 92 for measuring the voltage across a standard value resistor 94, said voltage depending on the value of the resistor 86. The processor 30 may include an electrical parameter detector, which in this example is in the form of a voltage detector able to distinguish between different resistance values of the resistors 86. The sound processor 30 may then be able to determine which signalling apparatus 12 has been activated if each signalling apparatus 12 includes a resistor 86 having a specifically assigned resistance value (e.g. a signalling apparatus 12 for the note "C" may include a resistor 86 having a different value to that of a signalling apparatus 12 for the note "G", and so on). In an example, the resistance value of the resistor 86 may be determined by the following formula:

out Where R _mea s refers to the resistance value of resistor 86 to be determined, R _ref refers to the standard value resistor 94, V _in refers to the known voltage applied at the (input) electrical contact 28, and V _out refers to the measured voltage at the (output) electrical contact 28. It will be appreciated that any appropriate method may be used to determine the resistance, or indeed any other electrical parameter associated with the identifier.

The processor 30 may be configured for performing a logic operation to identify the audio, sonic or acoustic property associated with the signalling apparatus 12.

It will be appreciated that any alternative or equivalent arrangement of conductors 40, electrical contacts 28 and/or communication paths may be provided.

Referring next to Figures 6a-6b there is illustrated a perspective view of each of the first, second and third conducting paths 87, 88, 89 where three signalling apparatus 12 are stacked as described herein. In the example of Figures 6a-6b, the communication paths are illustrated in wired form (e.g. free or loosely wired), which is in contrast to the communication paths illustrated in Figure 2, which are disposed on the PCB 42. It will be appreciated that any appropriate wiring may be use to provide the communication paths and/or conducting paths.

Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a further example of a sound generating apparatus 1 10 and a plurality of signalling apparatus 1 12. The sound generating apparatus 110 and signalling apparatus 1 12 of Figure 7 are similar to the example illustrated by Figure 1a with a number of like or similar features that are indicated by reference signs incremented by 100. Further features of the sound generating apparatus 110 and signalling apparatus 112 are described in further detail below.

The sound generating apparatus 1 10 includes a support for supporting the signalling apparatus 1 12, which in this example is in the form of a support surface 116. The support surface 116 includes a plurality of retaining elements, which in this example are in the form of plugs 118, each configured for receiving one of the signalling apparatus 112. Each signalling apparatus 112 may be considered to include a corresponding retaining element for engaging with the retaining element of the support surface 1 16. Each plug 118 of the support surface 1 16 includes a male portion 120. Each signalling apparatus 112 includes a socket 153, which in this example is in the form of a female portion 154 that is engageable with the male portion 120 of the support surface 116. Similar to the example of Figure 1a, the signalling apparatus 1 12 are stackable on each other such that one or more signalling apparatus 112 can be located on one or more of the plugs 1 18 to permit an electrical connection to be made with a processor, which in this example is in the form of a sound processor 130 including circuitry for sending an electrical signal to a sound generator, which in this example is in the form of speakers 132. Similarly, pressing one or a stack of signalling apparatus 1 12 causes a switch (not shown) to complete a circuit so that the sound processor 130 may identify one or more identifiers (e.g. a unique parameter value such as resistance value(s)) of the signalling apparatus 112 (or a stack thereof) being pressed. The signalling apparatus 1 12 includes circuitry (e.g. wires/communication paths) that is similar to that illustrated by Figures 2, 4, 5, 6a-6c. The example of Figure 2 illustrated a PCB 42 for providing the internal circuitry of the signalling apparatus 12. The signalling apparatus 112 may similarly include a PCB (not shown) with a suitable circuit (e.g. with appropriate electrical contacts and/or wires) for providing the illustrated arrangement of input and output conductors 28. It will be appreciated that any appropriate arrangement of first, second and third communication paths may be provided. It will be further be appreciated that a PCB may not be required; instead at least one conductor such as wire may be provided. Figure 8a is an elevated top view of the signalling apparatus 1 12. Figure 8b is an elevated bottom view of the signalling apparatus 112 (i.e. the other side of the signalling apparatus 112 to that illustrated by Figure 8a). Figure 9 is an exploded side schematic view of a stack of three signalling apparatus 1 12 mounted on the support surface 1 16. A body 138 of signalling apparatus 1 12 is asymmetric to ensure correct placement on the corresponding retaining element (e.g. plug 1 18) on the sound generating apparatus 110. The body 138 is approximately circular with a concave portion 139 in its side 141 to provide the asymmetry. The signalling apparatus 112 includes the plug 118 (e.g. in the form of the male portion 120) extending upwardly (see Figure 8a and 9) from an upper surface 143 (i.e. a top) of the body 138. The plug 1 18 itself is asymmetrical having a similar (but smaller) shape to that of the signalling apparatus 112 body 138. Indicia 114 (e.g. a note associated with the identifier of the signalling apparatus 1 12) is provided on an upper surface 1 19 of the plug 118. The upper surface 143 of the body 138 includes four apertures 149 within which conductors 140 are located (e.g. such that the conductors 140 form part of the communication paths and provide one "input" conductor and three "output" conductors to form the three independent communication paths).

With reference to Figure 8b and 9, the signalling apparatus 1 12 includes the socket 153 (e.g. in the form of the female portion 154) provided at a lower surface 145 of the body 138 (e.g. on the bottom of the signalling apparatus 1 12). The socket 153 of the signalling apparatus 112 is engageable with the plug 1 18 of the support surface 116 (and/or the plug 118 of another signalling apparatus 1 12). The lower surface 145 further includes apertures 149 within which conductors 140 are located (e.g. such that the conductors 140 form part of the communication paths e.g. with conductors located below the signalling apparatus 1 12). The plug 1 18/socket 153 arrangement of the signalling apparatus 112/support surface 1 16 permits the stacking of the signalling apparatus 1 12 and provides an electrical connection between the stacked signalling apparatus 112 and the processor 130. Although the shape and configuration of the signalling apparatus 1 12 may differ slightly from the signalling apparatus 12, it will be appreciated that the principle of operation is similar such that a wired connection is utilised for providing the communication path (for each signalling apparatus 1 12) between the signalling apparatus 112 and the sound processor 130. Independent communication paths are provided within each signalling apparatus 1 12 to provide a communication path for connecting a stacked signalling apparatus 1 12 mounted thereon to the sound processor 130 via wiring within the signalling apparatus 112 mounted on the support surface 1 16.

Figure 10 is a schematic illustration of the circuitry provided by the stack of signalling apparatus 112 illustrated by Figure 9. The circuitry is similar to the example illustrated by Figure 5. In contrast to the example of Figure 5, each signalling apparatus 112 does not include a biasing device (e.g. including a switch). Rather, a single biasing device which in this example is in the form of a switch 190 is provided in the support surface 116. Upon mounting a first signalling apparatus 1 12 on the support surface 1 16 (and subsequently mounting a second signalling apparatus 1 12 on the first signalling apparatus 1 12 and so on), an electrical circuit is completed between the identifier (e.g. resistor 186) and the processor 130. Thus, the processor 130 may be configured to selectively send/receive a signal to/from the conductors 140 corresponding to the signalling apparatus 112 to determine the parameter (e.g. resistance) value of the resistor(s) 186 of the signalling apparatus 112. In this manner, it is possible for the processor 130 to "scan" the support surface 1 16 to determine the presence and/or position of at least one signalling apparatus 1 12, and to determine the parameter value of the identifier of the signalling apparatus 1 12. For example, the processor 130 may be configurable to sweep across the support surface 1 16 (e.g. horizontally, vertically, or the like) to determine the parameter values of any signalling apparatus 112 detected during that sweep.

If a user wishes to e.g. play a sound corresponding to the signalling apparatus 112 supported on the support surface 112 then a sweep or other scanning mode may be performed to determine which signalling apparatus 112 is/are present, their location and the associated parameter values. Alternatively or in addition, the user may exert pressure on the signalling apparatus 1 12 to close the switch 190 to complete a circuit with the processor 130. The processor 130 may then cause a sound device such as a speaker 132 (see Figure 7) to play a corresponding sound, or may be used as part of a computer program to record and/or play sounds or cause any other effect. The switch may be biased to open the switch 190 upon the user removing pressure from the signalling apparatus 112 (e.g. to stop playing the sound).

Figures 1 1a-11 b are perspective views of another example of a signalling apparatus 212 mounted on a support surface 216, which are similar to the example illustrated by Figures 7-8b. Like or similar features of the signalling apparatus 212 include reference signs incremented by 100 compared with the signalling apparatus 112. The side view of the signalling apparatus 212 is similar to the schematic illustration of Figure 9. However, the arrangement of the communication paths are different in Figures 11 a-11 b (as compared with Figures 8a-8b). Instead, the conductors 240 for providing the communication paths in each signalling apparatus 212 are accessible in a side wall 247 of each of the plug 218 and socket (not shown). Thus, the signalling apparatus 212 is connected to the plug 218 (of the support surface 216) via conductors 240 in the side wall 247 of the engaged plug 218 (of the support surface 216) and socket (of the signalling apparatus 212), thus providing the communication paths between the identifier(s) (e.g. the resistor 286 of each signalling apparatus 212) and the processor 130 (see Figure 10 for example). As best illustrated by the partially transparent schematic Figure 1 1 b, the resistor 286 is wired to corresponding (schematically depicted) conductors 240 to provide the communication path for the signalling apparatus 212. Further (schematically depicted) conductors 240 are provided to provide the communication paths between another signalling apparatus 1 12 mounted on the signalling apparatus 212 and either of: another signalling apparatus 212 or the support surface 212 below the signalling apparatus 212. Upon stacking of the signalling apparatus 212, an independent communication path for each resistor 286 of each signalling apparatus 212 is provided by the arrangement of the conductors 240. The arrangement of Figures 11 a-1 1 b may include conductors 240 having a bias (e.g. a sprung element) to ensure a robust electrical contact is provided between corresponding conductors 240. Referring next to Figures 12a-12b there is illustrated a musical notation system, which in this example is in the form of a colour coding system according to an example of the present disclosure for playing a scale, in this example the C Major scale. A different colour is represented by each of the signalling apparatus 12 indicated by the references 1-7 (as shown on Figure 12a). Indicia 14 on each signalling apparatus 12 indicates which note or pitch is provided by each individual signalling apparatus 12. As noted before regarding colour representations in this disclosure, when reproduced in monochrome each signalling apparatus 12 will appear a different shade of grey, but each shade represents a different colour. Figure 12b illustrates different chords that can be constructed using stacked signalling apparatus 12. The signalling apparatus 12 can be stacked in any order due to the arrangement of the conducting components of each signalling apparatus 12. Therefore, a user may find it relatively simple to replicate the chords illustrated by Figure 12b.

Figure 13 illustrates a simple system (e.g. a musical composition) for playing a song (e.g. "Hot Cross Buns"), in this example the visual indicator system may be displayed on a page (e.g. on paper, or the like) or on a user interface (not shown) such as a display (e.g. on a phone, phablet, tablet, television, laptop, monitor, or the like). The visual indicator system for each signalling apparatus 12 may help a user to determine which notes should be played when for playing the song. In the present case, the user reads/views from left-to-right on each line 96, then down to the next line 96. Where a visual indicator such as colour and/or indicia 14 is noted on the line 96, the corresponding signalling apparatus 12 may be activated to play said note (e.g. E-D-C on the first line 96). The user may arrange the Έ", "D" and "C" signalling apparatus 12 on the support surface 16 in any appropriate way so the notes are easily accessible and the user doesn't have to distinguish between any other notes (like the user might have to on e.g. a keyboard or the like). This method may be relative simple and may appeal to beginners in music such as children.

Figure 14 illustrates a slightly more advanced version of a system for denoting a musical composition. In this example, the visual indicator system is reproduced on a classical notation manuscript (e.g. staff notation). The colour coded system based on the colour of the signalling apparatus 12 can be used to learn how to read the staff notation and may assist in the learning of how to read such music. Thus, a user may provide the signalling apparatus 12 as required, then play the music while reading the staff notation. A higher pitch note will appear higher up on the staff and be represented by a different visual indicator e.g. colour. This method may still be relative simple and may appeal to beginners in music such as children, or slightly more advanced learners.

Figure 15 illustrates an expanded view of another piece of music, similar to Figure 14, but the note is depicted in the centre of each note on the composition, thereby making the music slightly easier to read than the example of Figure 14.

At least one feature of any of the examples of the present disclosure may be modified, adapted or varied in any appropriate way and/or combined with at least one other feature of any of the examples of the present disclosure in any appropriate way. Various possible modifications, adaptations, variations and combinations are described below.

In some examples, the pitch indicator may be in the form of a pattern or any non-colour based visual indicator on an outer surface of the signalling apparatus 12, 112, 212, which may or may not include a visual indicator in the form of a colour as described herein. The non-colour based visual indicator may assist colour blind individuals in using the signal generating apparatus of this disclosure. In some examples, the pitch indicator may be in the form of a physical indicator on an outer surface of the signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212, which may or may not include any of the examples of visual indicators described herein. An example of a physical indicator includes a protrusion, such as a code e.g. Braille, extending from the outer surface of the signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212. The physical indicator may assist visually-impaired individuals in using the signal generating apparatus of this disclosure. In some examples, any combination of visual and physical indicators may be included in the signalling apparatus 12, 112, 212. For example, the signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212 could include at least one of: a colour-based visual indicator, a non-colour based visual indicator, a physical indicator, and the like. The signalling apparatus 12, 112, 212 may therefore be suitable for use by any individual, irrespective of any visual impairment, and as such may be regarded as a more inclusive and accessible to a wider range of individuals.

Some of the signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212 of the examples described herein includes indicia 14 on an upper outer surface of the upper body 46. However, in some examples there are only 12 notes but if there are more than 12 notes, the octave of the notes may need to be distinguished by another mark or indicator.

In some examples, the retaining element may be located on different portions of the signalling apparatus to those illustrated by the examples described herein. For example, a "socket" may be provided on the signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212 and a corresponding "plug" may be provided on the support surface 16, 116. In some examples, there may not be first and second recesses provided on at least one of the support surface 16, 116, lower body 44 and/or upper body 46. Instead, at least one of the support surface 16, 1 16, lower body 44 and/or upper body 46 may include only one corresponding protrusion and recess. Providing only one protrusion and/or recess may provide a relatively more robust retaining element for retaining the signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212 relative to the support surface 16 (and/or relative to stacked signalling apparatus 12, 112, 212). The plug and socket arrangement may be shaped so as to only be engageable at each other at one single relative orientation, thus e.g. simplifying ease of use.

In some examples, the retaining element may include a magnetic element for attracting adjacent components together. For example, the support surface 16, 116 and/or the signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212 may include a magnetic element which attracted the components together, for example, in a stack and/or on the support surface 16, 116. Any appropriate arrangement of magnetic elements may be used. The signalling apparatus 12, 112, 212 and/or support surface 16, 116 may be made from any appropriate material or materials. For example, any component may be constructed from a plastics material such as polypropylene, polyethylene, or the like. The material may be relatively suitable for recycling.

In some examples, the signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212 may be activated be a user, for example, by pressing on the upper body 46 such that the switch 90, 190 is closed to complete a circuit, and thereby communicate with the sound processor 30, 130 (e.g. by allowing current to flow through the completed circuit). In some examples, the signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212 may be activated by a user such that the switch is closed to complete a circuit, but the sound processor 30, 130 does not cause a sound (or signal) to be produced until a required time. For example, a user could arrange a number of the signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212 in a sequence (e.g. from left to right, or the like) on the support surface 16 and then at least one of the signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212 activated (e.g. in some examples a different mechanism may be provided so that the switch 90, 190 is maintained in a closed position). Then, a user could activate the signalling apparatus 12, 112, 212 detection/measurement system such that the sound processor 30, 130 scans along the sequence of the signalling apparatus in terms of time, e.g. such that the notes are played from left to right, or the like. The example illustrated by Figure 7 may enable such a function to be enabled due to the electrical circuit between the resistors 186 and the processor 130 enabling a signal to be sent/received to/from the signalling apparatus 1 12 by the processor 130 as required (e.g. as part of a scanning or sweeping function).

In some examples a wired connection is utilised for providing the communication path between the signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212 and the processor. However in some examples, there may be a wireless connection between the signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212 and the processor. For example, the signalling apparatus 12, 112, 212 may include a wireless device configured to communicate the unique parameter value with the processor when activated. For example, the wireless may comprise a device including at least one of: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC) technology, or indeed any other appropriate wireless technology. The signalling apparatus 12, 112, 212 may be configured to permit a plurality of wireless signals to be communicated via each signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212 so that the support 16 may send/receive a signal to/from the signalling apparatus 12 via at least one further signalling apparatus 12, 112, 212 (e.g. so the wireless signal from one signalling apparatus 12 may pass through at least one other signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212, for example, so as to define at least one of the communication paths).

In some examples, the wireless connection may comprise a magnetic, optical, radio- frequency and/or electromagnetic signal connection. Providing a wireless connection may be reliable and/or simple to use. Further, the signalling apparatus 12, 112, 212 may be locatable at any appropriate position. In some examples, the support 16, 1 16 may comprise a power source for powering the signal apparatus, for example, so that the wireless connection may be operated. In some examples, the signalling apparatus 12. 112, 212 may include an energy storage device such as a battery for powering the wireless connection. Although the present disclosure describes examples of a sound generating apparatus 10, 110 it will be appreciated that the present disclosure may be considered to describe a signal generating apparatus (which in some examples may take the form of the sound generating apparatus 10). As such, the signal generating apparatus may not just be configured to generate a sound directly (e.g. there may not necessarily be a speaker). Alternatively or additionally, the signal generating apparatus may be configured to generate a signal which may be processed further for any appropriate purpose. For example, a signal generated by the signal generating apparatus may be communicated with another processor, hardware, interface, or the like. For example, the hardware may include a computer, laptop, tablet, phablet, phone, wearable device such as a watch, or any other appropriate device, which in some examples may include an interface, for example a screen interface for displaying data or other information. The interface may be interactive, for example a touch screen, or the like.

In an example, it may be possible to assign a function such as a trigger for a sound, sonic or acoustic function (similar to sample pads) to the "identifier" (e.g. the resistance value) in the signalling apparatus 12, 112, 212. For example, the processor 30, 130 may be configurable to define an output in response to detecting the presence of at least one signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212 assigned to the function and/or a user pressing the at least one signalling apparatus 12, 112, 212 to activate or deactivates the function. In an example, the retaining element (in one or both of the signalling apparatus and the support surface) may include a magnetic device for helping to retain the signalling apparatus in place during use.

In an example, the processor is operable to communicate information to a computing device, for example a PC, tablet device, phone, internet-enabled device, server or the like. For example, the computing device and/or the processor may be configured to send/receive a signal to/from the signalling apparatus. The signal may be used to provide an indication of which signalling apparatus is/are being activated, where they are located (e.g. on the support surface 16, 1 16), which parameter values (e.g. resistance values) each signalling apparatus 12, 1 12, 212 has so that the processor and/or computing device may perform a function such as play or record a sound, or activate /deactivate a function of any kind. The connection between the processor and the computing device may be wired (e.g. USB or the like) or wireless (e.g. Bluetooth® or the like).

Various references to "signalling apparatus" are made throughout the present disclosure. It will be appreciated that the term "signalling apparatus" may be singular or plural, irrespective of whether preceded by a term such as "one or more" or "at least one", or the like.