The silenced Aspirator Anergy amplified/driven Air compressor/turbine 1- Technical Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a method cooling the air at the funnel of turbines, using closed gas/vapor compression and/or partially filled liquid(s) pumping -resp, Anergy- circuits, to reduce and absorb the compression heat of the air at the front funnel of an air-fuel turbine used in jets/helicopters and/or of an air-gas turbine used as generators/trains. Those Anergy circuits will transport the gained thermal energy to the compressed air at the back (exhaust) of the turbine, before burning the fuel/gas, to reduce additionally the fuel consumption in jets and on ground to drive air-gas turbines without fuel and only by solar heat to generate electricity. Saving by this cooling method a lot of fuel consumed a.- for compressing the air at the turbines funnel and b.- for heating up the compressed air at the end of the turbine, to produce a boost.

- Additionally to the thermal isolation of the turbine, an Aspirator (Apparatus) surrounding or at the end of the turbines is used to strengthen and amplify the boost/thrust, by using any thermal energy in the air flow and reducing any thermal energy loses of the turbine.

- The noise level is lowered -after using the cooling method- by smaller low speed propellers) and an Aspirator , or skipping the propeller(s) and/or the air compressor wheels completely in the funnel and placing a -ship like- propeller in the middle chamber.

2- Prior Background Art

- Jets still use a lot of fuel (Kerosene) in their air-fuel turbines.

- A lot of power plants use air-gas turbines to generate electricity.

- To my knowledge and according to the German patent office recherche result, there is no prior art: absorbing the heat from air compression by cooling circuits, reusing this absorbed thermal energy as a drive or in heating up the compressed air in the back. -As a professor in September 2009 has published something about cooling the air in turbines to raze its efficiency, this PCT application, with some minor corrections and additions, refers to the priority date 30-04-2009 from my local (Gerauchsmuster) application in Germany "Anergie Luft Turbine" "using the cooling Method registered under no. DE 20 2009 006 572.3, securing my priority and in turn that my elder invention can't be held against this PCT application I will step down from it in Germany.

This PCT Application consists of 22 describing pages, with 29 figures on 18 drawing pages and 37 claims on 8 pages and 1 page for the abstract. S-AAA Turbine 3 Disclosure of Invention

3-1 Introduction of physical laws and facts used by the method of this invention

I. - Gas compression circuits producing heat and cooling energy. A/C's and heat pump Energy equation/law including Anergy : Compression/pumping (Electric/kinetic) energy + Anergy (thermal energy) exchange of gas expansion coldness with surrounding temperature = Total energy in the circuit = Usable heat energy + energy losses (by efficiency, heat losses, etc.)

- This means that a heat pump or an air condition circuit produces higher heat energy, amplified by a factor, in relation to what their pump/compressor have consumed, due to the added difference between the cooling power produced and discharged absorbing thermal energy = Anerqy = Anergy differs from normal addition of thermal energy, as produced colder temperature is a precondition, to be able to use the normal surrounding air temperature as thermal heat source in Anergy circuits (In our case/method/invention absorbing the turbines air compression/resistance heat, adding it as thermal energy)

- Example from air conditioners or heat pumps available around global markets, which use as Refrigerant gas R410 or R407 (or R134 etc.) :

1 KW (pumping or compressing electricity) for the compressor + 3 KW discharged coldness Anerqy (cooling resp. absorbing the rooms heat) = 3.2 KW released heat (at the back of the AJC) + 0.8 KW energy loss (this includes losses due to converting electricity or kinetic energy into compression and/or flow and other heat losses ) All those energies of this circuit will be used in "the Anergy driven Air Turbine"

- Theoretically, the kinetic energy used to compress the gas can be amplified to higher thermal (heat) energy by a factor up to 8.1 times, by discharging the cooling power of those circuits, which is more than the 3.2 amplifying factor mentioned in the example.

- Notice: In all cases of pumping/compressing gas (refrigerants, or carbon dioxide, ajr) in a circuit, heat and cooling energy is produced. The heat energy gained is always higher by a factor than the energy consumed for compressing/pumping the gas,

- Also to be noticed: that there are variances between different circuits used and also different gases used, in terms of the amplified heat factor and the cooling energy produced as a result of compressing different gases and/or pumping liquid gases, f. ex. by compressing air: 1 KW pumping/compressing + 1 KW discharged coldness = = 1 ,3 KW released heat + 0.7 KW energy loss (incl. mechanical losses ) S-AAA Turbine

II. - Fact of converting dynamic flow [ P _f = 1/2 x D x v ² ] into a mechanical drive to produce electricity {compared to an Expansion engine, Flow engines do miracles }.

- A flow engine such as a Water (Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, Curtis)Turbine, rotary engine or gear engine, convert the flow energy of liquid gas or water movement into a mechanical drive (a circular movement) by an efficiency up to 94% in a Pelton Turbine { more than an expansion engine could theoretically (max. 66%) ever reach }. The flow engine in the "reverse" energy conversion is a pump with an efficiency up to 93%. ( Expansion engines in the "reverse" energy conversion are compressors, both with bad efficiencies) The flow engines will convert the produced pressure differences, through the absorbed thermal energy in the cooling power producing Anergy circuits into kinetic energy.

III. -Thrust & Efficiency - Equations

# - Boost/Thrust = S = m (in Kg/s) x Ca (speed out in m/s) - C ₀ (body speed in m/s) this means S = m x ( Ca - C ₀ )

# - Efficiency of the Boost/Thrust = n _v resp. W _Bθost = 2 x C ₀ / (C ₀ + Ca )

- Notice: Turbines thrust, are created/added from three types of forward drives 1- only Suction at the front creates forward drive by its own

2~ only Shoveling of propellers creates forward drive by its own

3- only boosting gas through a cone out of the back as rockets creates forward drive

- The easiest way to imagine this is in a ship. Sucking water from the front into a tank, rowers pushing the ship forward, and releasing water at the back of the ship, all three 3 actions will create individually a forward drive, similar to the 3 actions in the turbine.

IV. - Facts of gas and its different stages/phases "under and over critical" A.- Below critical temperature and higher than boiling temperature:

1.- Normal gas, than on Earth compressed till

2.- "Partial Liquefied Gas" (resp. a part above is gas and a part below is liquefied, due to earth gravitation) than additionally compressed with under critical pressure till

3.- "Completely Liquid Gas"

- B.- Above the critical temperature and/or above the critical pressure : there is only One stage of "Over Critical Gas" available, with higher or lower density. (No liquefying stage is possible) and pressure (after a short curve, similar to the pressure of water steam) relates to the temperature (in Kelvin) in a nearly linear relation. S-AAA Turbine

V. - Pressure fact for (partial and/or) liquefied gases below "Critical" temperatures;

Stating; there is a potential increase in the pressure of partial and/or liquid gas when temperature is slightly increased, till the temperature reaches the critical point. (Table) - Examples: for the potential increase of the pressure in liquid gas when temperature slightly increases, with the precondition that the temperature is below the critical point.

Example: Refrigerant R134

Another more important example: The preferred gas to be used in the Anergy driven turbines is: Carbon dioxide (CO ₂ = R744)

- This property is nearly applicable to all gases and fluids in a temperature higher than their boiling points and beneath their critical point. The reversed property is used in the liquid pumping Anergy circuits, before the pump, to reduce the pressure strongly by suction of the liquids from bellow, to create a strong cooling divergence or evaporation/ cavity, cooling down the temperature which lowers the pressure additionally and razes the pressure difference (higher than the pump has developed) driving the flow engine.

Vl. - Bernoulli's corrected and added total pressure law driving a flow engine

If there is no height difference, the Total Pressure equation is than P _T P = P _f + PD S-AAA Turbine

3.2 Description of the nearly silent Anergy driven Air Turbine Aspirator

- Now a days jet and gas turbines compress the air volume in their compressing turbine funnel, up to 49 times smaller volume, which develops a lot of air compression heat.

- All turbines use nearly half of their boosting, energy to turn the turbine wheels, which are connected to the frontal compressing wheels, thus using a part of the boosting energy to compress the air sucked into the turbine at the front compression funnel (24).

- This Invention & Method will save this air compression energy needed and will transfer the higher gained heat from air compression backwards to the end of the turbine, to reheat the compressed air there, saving additional fuel to heat up the compressed air, by using gas compression or liquid gas pumping circuits to amplify the turbines boost.

- The gas compression (like A/Cs or heat pumps) and/or liquid gas pumping circuits use some energy (from the example above 100 KW), which will produce much more:

1- Cooling power (300KW) absorbing the air compression thermal energy in the funnel

2- Heat energy (ex.320KW) to reheat the compressed air at the heating chamber

3- Heat losses (example less than 80KW), which will also show up in the turbine tunnel resp. in the middle chamber and will reheat the compressed air any way. -Not to lose heat, the whole turbine is thermally isolated (37) and surrounded by an Aspirator (17)-.

3.2.1 For example (Fig.1); to be able to imagine the method in the simplest way is:

- Putting an air compressor at the bottom of a thermally isolated water tank, sucking in the air from the tanks right hand side. While compressing the air, his efficiency is raised sharply as the water cools the compressor, absorbing his compression heat losses.

- The thermal energy produced is higher than the energy used by the compressor.

- Due to the natural circulation of the water (resp. hot water rises up naturally), as thermal carrying medium, the heat will be added to the compressed air in the pipe coil placed at the top of the tank, leaving the tank from its left hand side, into a narrow pipe (capillary 3) or a nozzle/ejector, of an aspirator (a nozzle in an opened narrowing and widening tube), producing after the aspirator a very strong boost to the left hand side. Not to be forgotten: the compressor (two) and specially the aspirator (triple) produce a strong suction (six) from their right hand sides, similar to a turbine, with the difference: that all energies are used in a much more efficient way than now a days turbines do.

- The similar idea will be carried out (instead of water tank) by gas compression or liquid gas pumping Anergy circuits, absorbing all the air compression heat and transferring it to the back of the turbine, to be added back to the compressed air, raising the boost. S-AAA Turbine

3.2.2 - The aspirator (Fig.3); is known in locomotives from old steam engines, using its own hot steam pressure, to press through an aspirator fresh liquid cold water back into the steam-boiler, reaching the same resp. higher pressure (now water with a higher density than steam and more, lowering only the speed of the water a bit calculated from the Flow pressure rule P _f = 1/2 x D x v ² ) to overcome the pressure of the steam-boiler, converting the speed into density and the steam heat thermal energy into more flow.

- We have to lock into this aspirator, air ejector or venturi pump more accurately: When the steam dynamic/flow pressure out of the steam-boiler is Pf _stea m = 1/2 x D x v ² and the water dynamic/flow pressure into the steam-boiler is P _f w _ate r = 1/2 x D x v ² and both are equal pressures P _{f s} team ^<= Pf water ; than speed (v) is diverted to density (D). The steams heat is used as additional energy source to speed up the water flow.

- We know from the Giffard's injector in old steam engines that using the aspirator, it did produce more water flow than the steam flow, which had to be regulated by valves or faucets, or the steam-boiler will blow up. An example in numbers to understand:

- If steam pressure is 128 = P _{f steam} = 1/2 x 1/4 x 32 x 32 = P _{f wa} t _e r = 1/2 x 1 x 16 x 16: that means that the speed is (1/2) halved while the density is razed to four times as much, keeping in mind that we haven't used the steam heat thermal energy, which will raze the quantity of water flow (resp. the water speed a bit). Boost/thrust reacts to that by being doubled {from the boost equations = m x (Ca - Co), as we are standing still C ₀ equals zero }, as the density of the mass is razed by a much higher factor than the factor reducing the speed, thus strengthening the boost. Keeping in mind: that we haven't used the steam heat thermal energy, freed by expansion, which will raze the water flow. Noting water is limited; using air (in a turbine), the heat will raze the air flow tremendously. Aspirator/Eiector/lniector is added to the turbine: reusing any thermal energy loses, to amplify the air flow (boost) strongly better than propellers.

3.2.3 - Back to the silenced Aspirator Anergy air turbine (Fig.2);

-To understand the method we have to get back to the figures. We will enter several closed evaporators from gas compression Anergy circuits, to absorb the heat from the air compression in the turbines funnel. The gaseous circuits will transfer the absorbed heat to the back of the turbine, where it will discharge its heat thought its condensers in the strongly compressed air, to heat it up again raising additionally the air pressure. As the air is squeezed out into the nozzle of the aspirator, the aspirator sucks in more air (triple as much), using the thermal energy, to produce a strongly amplified air flow/boost S-AAA Turbine

3.2.4 Amplifying the boost in turbines by Anergy gaseous circuits with capillary

A. I Gas compression circuits (Fig.4, as in A/C, heat pump, fridge etc., as in rule I )

- Traditional cooling circuits (but using CO ₂ ) -with gas expansion after the capillary and with gas compression by compressor- are used to deliver the necessary cooling power to cool down the air compressions heat in the turbine funnel, absorbing the air compressions heat, to transfer/discharge the circuits amplified heat into the back of the turbines tunnel, to reheat the compressed air, saving fuel used compressing the air in a turbine .

B. Liquid gas pumping Anergy circuits

II.- Circuit, completely filled with liquid gas (Fig.5)

Pumping (5) different gases, producing heat energy amplified by a factor, and after the capillary (3) and divergence of the liquid gas, through the pump suction, it produces strong cooling power. This circuit is composed of a pump (5), followed by a heat exchanger or discharger (2), placed at the back of the turbine in its tunnel, releasing his thermal energy in the than strongly compressed air, followed by a capillary (3), ending in a cooling power discharger (3), cooling down the air compressions heat in the turbines funnel and vise versa absorbing it as added thermal renewable energy in the circuit.

- Example for a liquid gas R134 pumping circuit (see table above): If the air temperature is zero O ⁰ C degrees the liquid gas pressure is 2.92 bars. Inserting a pump (5), which develops 2 bars pressure inclusive a -2 bars suction pressure, the temperature of the liquid gas before the capillary(3) will raze up to 15 ⁰ C degrees Celsius. After the capillary, through the pumps suction pressure and the liquid gas divergence, the liquid gas temperature will fall and will reach a freezing temperature of about -28 ⁰ C, which will lower the pressure additionally and can be used as a flow engines drive.

- Discharging the heat (15 ⁰ C compared to O ⁰ C) in the compressed air and discharging the cooling power -28 ⁰ C in the turbine funnel, to reduce the air compression heat. The circuit will save with his method energy(fuel) in both parts of the turbine (funnel & tunnel) III.- Anergy circuit, partially filled with liquid gas (CO ₂ ) (Fig. 6) Equivalent to the circuit described in Fig.5, pumping (5) different gases, producing heat energy amplified by a factor, and only after the capillary (3) it differs:

1- as there is evaporation (instead of divergence) of the liquid gas to partial liquid gas producing much more cooling power

2- and the pump has to be connected to the lowest point in the evaporator or coldness discharger(3), to be able to suck and pump only liquid gas from there. S-AAA Turbine

3.2.5 Gaseous circuits with a flow engine generating rotation/kinetic energy, by using the above mentioned circuits and replacing their capillary(3) with a flow engine(6)

- The method uses the cooling power of circuits, to absorb the air compressions heat, to reduce the kinetic/rotation energy needed compressing the air in the frontal funnel.

- Anergy gaseous circuits can individually transform this absorbed thermal energy from the air compression, into kinetic/rotation energy by flow engines(6), with some thermal heat loses, which they will lose inside the turbine tunnel, adding those thermal energy loses to the compressed air, it will raze the boost. This way nearly nothing is lost.

3.2.6 Liquids (no gases) pumping or steam/vapor compressing Anergy circuits Those circuits also produce kinetic/rotation energy by flow engines -from any surrounding temperature, resp.- from Anergy absorbed, as they pump liquids or compress steam/vapor from fluids with a higher boiling temperature than the surrounding temperatures, resulting when compressed or pumped there is nearly no temperature raze to be measured, so they nearly do not produce any heat loses.

3.2.7 - Aspirator Anergy driven Air Turbine, silenced by internal (ship) propeller As the high noise in turbines is a result of and is related to the

1.- rotation and outer radius speed of the fans/propellers tips (will be dropped totally) 2.- exhaust speed of the turbine in general, (will be substituted with high air mass) 3.- moving speed of the jet/air in general ( which we can lower a bit max. 10%) 4.- placing of the fans inside a turbine more noise at the front (less noise in the middle)

- In this invention/method of the silenced Anergy air turbine, and only possible after using the cooling method in the funnel directly, the turbines noise level is reduced tremendously, by placing a propeller (similar to ships water propeller) into the middle chamber of the turbine (instead of compressing wheels in the funnel), as the funnel will change to a big evaporator, resp. cooling power discharger (4), to reduce the air volume of the incoming air into the turbine funnel, to the volume size of the smaller following tunnel, taking over the job of the air compression.

- This reduced air size (equivalent to strongly compressed air) at the narrow end of the funnel, is than sucked in and pushed backwards into the tunnel by the strong propeller, with a smaller radius and within trans-sonic speed at his tips, placed inside the thermally isolated turbine middle chamber, which is surrounded by the aspirators as high airflow bypass, lowering tremendously the noise level. S-AAA Turbine

3.2.8 - Summarizing the energy equation of the turbine and the Anergy circuits to get a clearer energy picture(as in my German application it seemed not clear enough) A - Anerqy circuits (without the turbine) produce cooling power to absorb any surrounding temperatures as thermal energy source, resp. to absorb Anergy and with flow engines they can transform this thermal energy into kinetic/rotation energy (inclusive the Self-drive), with some heat losses lost in the middle chamber.

- Cooling power, placed at the funnel, produces an air volume reduction and directed by a (similar to a ships) propeller, as air is denser, it will produce strong suction at the front.

- The air in the funnel, with any temperature, will deliver the thermal energy used by the Anergy circuits, which than deliver cooling power and kinetic energy and/or only heat.

- Simplified: with normal known gas compression circuits (law I as in an A/C, freezer, heat pump, fridge, etc.. 1 + 3 = 3,2 + 0,8), their cooling power (3KW) will reduce the energy needed to compress the air in the turbine funnel, additionally their compression heat(3.2KW) and nearly all their heat loses (<0,8KW) are added to the compressed air in the turbine tunnel, reducing the energy needed in the burning chamber to heat up the air at the end of the turbine, to create (by burning fuel) a strong backward boost.

- So by using a little of rotation energy (1 KW) for the compressors, we receive a strong amplification of energy (<7KW=3+3,2+0,8), reducing the compressing energy needed and reducing the thermal energy needed in the turbine, thus reducing needed turbine fuel consumption equivalents by < 6KW = 7KW -1 KW for the drive - energy losses.

B.- Or differently explained: Air (gas) volume reduction by compression, frees higher thermal energy (T1/P1 = T2/P1), which is absorbed by the Anergy circuits.

- By cooling the air with Anergy circuits, it will reduce the energy (resp. fuel) needed to compress the air (resp. raze the air compressors efficiency nearly to a pump).

I.- Simple known Anergy circuits (like A/C's, Heat pumps, fridges etc.. ) will absorb and transport this heat to the back of the turbine and discharge the heat in the compressed air at the turbines tunnel, which will raze the air temperature resp. its pressure, saving this amount of thermal energy needed to heat up this air to reach that temperature.

- The rotation will than be initiated by the second, at the back placed turbine (25), with out any aiding motor or burning energy.

II.- The other Anergy (self driven and rotation/kinetic energy producing) circuits I have invented, will also absorb the air compression heat with their cooling power saving energy needed to compress the air, and they will transform by flow engine (6) a great S-AAA Turbine part of this absorbed thermal energy (with some thermal loses, which are added to the compressed air, at the middle chamber of the turbine) into rotation energy for the turbines shaft/axe, saving fuel used to turn traditionally the turbines shaft.

Also we use solar thermal (or electrical from photovoltaic or triple junction cells) energy to amplify the boost/thrust additionally reducing the fuel consumption totally.

- By using an Aspirator (air ejector) at the end or around the Anergy driven turbine, all heat/thermal energies from the turbine, will be used by the aspirator to increase the air flow through the bypass with a high bypass ratio (over 1 : 4) and will therefore amplify the boost/thrust of the Anergy turbine after the aspirator, creating a lot of air-mass flow

(stronger boost), without using the noisy propeller of the turbo fan at the front, reducing the noise level tremendously and additionally.

3-3 Industrial applicability of the silenced Aspirator and Anergy driven turbine

- They don't need trans-sonic propeller(s) resp. a compressor, nor do they produce high temperatures (cheaper material), nor they need to be very accurate.

1.- A.- Used in jets as a boost delivery turbine, it will reduce the noise level and it will reduce the fuel consumption rapidly, so traditional jets will have a much wider flying rang with 1/10 of fuel on board allowing them to load much more freight or passengers. B.- Adding solar heat collectors -thin, light, half tubed mirrors focusing the solar rays in their centered tubes- in the jet wings/body, used as thermal heat source in the turbine tunnel (before the burning chamber), it will reduce fuel consumption during day flights down to nearly no fuel consumption, (but) beside the starting an accelerating energies needed to turn the air turbine inclusively its compressors or pumps of its Anergy circuits. 2.- As generator on ground placed in an closed air circuit instead of gas/fuel burning turbines, using solar energy and saving solar heat in water tanks for the night consumption, those turbines can be driven through out the day and year only with solar energy. (No fuel is needed). But they will always need only the starting rotation energy.

- Turbines boost/thrust will than be nearly transformed completely into rotation/kinetic energy, to drive the electricity generators with additional fans in the closed air circuit. 3.- As ventilation and cooling machine (like A/Cs, fridges etc..) and local generators in factories and hungers, as the Anergy driven turbine will deliver simultaneously rotation/ kinetic energy and cooling power through the strong expansion of the compressed air.

- The methods description is only completed after understanding the drawings. S-AAA Turbine

4 Description of Figures and Drawings is accentual for understanding, as the nearly silent Aspirator Anergy driven air turbine is to complex for understanding without looking at the drawings.

4-1 Description of elements shown and used in the figures and drawings: I.- All the components/elements used in all different Anergy circuits, which all of them produce cooling power (to absorb any surrounding temperature as thermal energy source), producing also either rotation/kinetic energy and/or amplified heat

1. Compressor

2. Heat exchanger (condenser), to discharge the amplified from Anergy circuits or absorbed solar heat in the compressed air at the turbines tunnel.

3. A capillary (or expansion valve) from Anergy circuits, as in A/Cs or as in heat pumps

4. Heat exchanger (evaporator) as serpentine pipe or as cooling coil to discharge the cooling power from Anergy circuits, and absorbing the air compression/resistance heat into the Anergy circuits, as a thermal renewable energy source recharging those circuits.

5. Pump a very efficient preferably a rotary pump

6. Flow (no expansion) engine, such as a water turbine, rotary engine, gear engine, etc.

7. Electric generator, or Alternator (as in cars), electronic generator, etc.

8. Liquid level in Anergy circuits partially filled with gas or other fluids

9. Pressure housing box (traditional A/C compressor), in which generator and flow engine are placed, with or with out the pump/compressor, so they do not use pressure sealing rings. In the turbine it doesn't exists, as all are rotated by the central shaft/axe

10. Additional higher heat (f. ex. from solar collectors) absorbed in or by a pipe coil

11. Opening and closing faucets resp. flow regulation valves in the Anergy circuits

12. Solar heat/rays vacuum tube collectors, -with thin, light, half tubed mirrors focusing the solar rays in their centered tubes surrounded by vacuumed glass tubes-, as an additional source of thermal energy used in the turbine tunnel to amplify the boost/thrust.

13. Check valve, which does not permit flow to recede in the opposite direction

14. Valve with 4 entries and 2 L formed tubs for changing the refrigerant flow direction, to discharge either heat or coldness in the following heat exchanger of Anergy circuits

15. Round heat exchangers at the front in the funnel and at the beginning and at the end of the central chamber and at the beginning of the tunnel of the turbine, which works as heat or cooling power discharger, used to control only the incoming air temperature specially into the funnel and into the central middle chamber . S-AAA Turbine

IL- The Aspirator tube (resp. apparatus), or air ejector or venturi pump

16. Nozzle where strongly compressed heated air is entered into the Aspirator

17. Entering narrowing funnel tube, a wider narrowing tube resp. converging inlet

18. Narrow mid tube, or the Aspirators throat

19. Exit stretched widening funnel tube, resp. a diverging outlet diffuser

III.- All the components/elements of a simple Anergy turbine

20. Central turbine axe/shaft (and if necessary the gears converting different speeds)

21. Turbine wheels (with blades) of the air-compression/compressor at the funnel

22. Middle chamber where flow engine, compressor, motor, generator and -in the silenced turbine- the strong propeller are placed, which doesn't exist in traditional turbines

23. The Tunnel at the end of the turbine, which doesn't exist in traditional turbines

24. The frontal turbines funnel its self, where the air is traditionally compressed

25. Turbine wheels (with stator blades) at the back, producing rotation/kinetic energy

26. Second separated central turbine axe/shaft at/in the tunnel of the turbine, used if the rotation of the air compressor is delivered by Anergy circuits flow engines or by motor or in the silenced Aspirator Anergy turbine, without air compressor.

IV.- Silent Anergy turbine as generator, placed in a closed air circuit (Fig.20)

27. Closed air circuit in which the Anergy driven turbine is placed

28. Additional wind fans placed in the closed air circuit to produce aiding electricity

29. The outer body of the big greater not thermally isolated pipe of the closed air circuit

30. Heat exchanger delivering solar thermal energy (< 99 ⁰ C) through water pipes.

31. Heat exchanger delivering additional aiding surrounding temperature, as the temperature in the whole closed air circuit is always lower than the surrounding temperature, due to the permanent expansion of the compressed air from the turbine.

IV.- Turbo Prop/ turbofan turbine with air high-bypass used in flying jets

32. Frontal propeller of the turbo prop/fan turbine

33. Controllable over pressure discharging valves working like an afterburner

34. The outer metal narrowing body of the air bypass, as part of the aspirator

35. Burning fuel or gas chamber (if there is any integrated)

36. Combustion motor (as in bikes) or motor driven by electricity from photovoltaic cells

37. Thermal isolation, f.ex. vacuumed double layered outer tube, also at the Aspirator S-AAA Turbine 4-2 Detailed Description of Figures and Drawings

I.- Basic idea and method simplified with a water tank, compressor and aspirator A.- Figure (1) illustrates the simplified logic of "the nearly silent Aspirator Anergy driven Turbine" in an open air compressing circuit, cooled in a water tank to raze the efficiency of the compressor and adding the heat losses of the compressor/rotary pump to the compressed air to strengthen the pressure of the nozzle in the aspirator to create a strong amplified boost either to move forward or to drive a fan generating rotation/kinetic energy used to drive for example a generator. Generating after the boost stronger not normal cooling power by air expansion (of the compressed heated air), as the aspirator has transformed the compressed airs heat to additional boost by cooling it additionally.

- Noting; that air pressure and boost gained from the same compressor with out the cooling (water tank) method and the additional aspirator would neither deliver this kind of strong boost nor this kind of high cooling power.

B.- Basic idea and method now transferred to an Aspirator Anergy driven turbine

- Figure (2) illustrates "the Aspirator Anergy driven Turbine" driven by the said and same cooling method used in Figure (1), using now a (instead of water as a thermal carrier) better Anergy circuits: composed of a compressor (1) in the central chamber, several heat discharger (2) in the turbine tunnel, a capillary (3) at the start of the central/mid chamber and several cooling power discharger (4) in the turbines funnel.

II.- The Aspirator (jet pump) as suction power and as high air bypass

- Figure (3) illustrates the aspirator tube (apparatus) composed of a nozzle/injector (16) and an entering narrowing funnel tube(17) (used in the silenced Aspirator Anergy air turbine), a narrow short mid tube (18) and the exit stretched widening funnel tube (19).

- Aspirators as described are not used in air turbines, but known from old "Steam Locomotives" and now a days it is used in fire brigades pumps, water tabs to mix air with water. Very important: similar but not equal to this invention, the aspirator is used to speed up the air filling of the emergency exit slides in the Airbus A380, by using the rocket engines exhaust in the nozzle of the aspirator hocked to the emergency exit slides, which sucks twice as much air as exhausted gas into the aspirator in 2/3 of the time, cooling & transforming the (heat) thermal energy of the exhaust into volume and very fast air flow/boost/thrust. Silent Apparatus better than a supersonic propeller. S-AAA Turbine

III. All Anergy circuits are producing strong cooling power (4)

III.A - Simple Anergy circuits producing cooling power and only amplified heat

- Figure (4) illustrates Gas compression Circuits (like in A/Cs, heat pumps and fridges) delivering the gas compression heat (2) at the turbines tunnel and the strong expansion cooling power (4) after the capillary (3) in the turbines funnel, saving fuel. It can also change functions of the heat exchangers (15) (or 2 & 4) by the valve (14).

- The following circuits produce much more cooling power and heat

- Figure (5) illustrates liquid gas pumping circuit filled completely with liquid gas

Exactly the circuit explained at the beginning of the description {at page7 / 3.2.4 B. II}, with an example for the liquid gas temperature behavior, when flow pressure is added.

- Noting: If higher solar heat is added/picked up than the liquid gas (CO2) critical temperature is reached, any flow pressure produced by the pump will raze the temperature in a nearly linear relation (T1/P1 = T2/P2) tremendously, as it is measured now in Kelvin.

- Figure (6) illustrates liquid gas pumping circuit filled partially with liquid gas Equivalent to the circuit described in Fig.5 filled only partially with liquid gas, delivering high cooling power. Its pump has to be connected to the lowest point in the evaporator or coldness discharger (4), to be able to suck/pump only liquid gas picking up solar heat.

III.2 The a.m. Anergy circuits producing cooling power, rotation/kinetic energy and some heat loses by exchanging the capillary (3) with the flow engine (6)

III.2- A - Figure (7) illustrates the gas compression Circuits, which partially liquefies his circled gas before it will drive the flow engine(6), delivering the gas compression heat (2) at the turbines tunnel and after the flow engine(6) delivering the expansion coldness (4) in the turbines funnel, with a week production of rotation force(F) from F1/F2 = A1/A2 = v2/v1 ; Pf = 1/2 x D x v ² ; Bernoulli's laws, stating the relation between force and liquid gas velocity(v) in the thin descending pipe after the broader partial liquid gas condenser.

- The following circuits produce much more cooling power and rotation energy III.2- B Liquid gas pumping circuits

- Figure (8) illustrates liquid gas pumping circuit filled completely with liquid gas S-AAA Turbine

This circuit is similar to the circuit in Fig.5 and the example on page 7, but the heat discharging pressure tank (2) and the capillary (3) are replaced, by a thermally isolated (37) tube/pipe and a flow engine (6) to transform the absorbed thermal surrounding temperature/energy, resp. Anergy through its cooling power, into rotation/kinetic energy.

The preferred circuit used with partial liquid gas (preferably carbon dioxide = CO ₂ ).

- Figure (9) illustrates liquid gas pumping circuit filled partially with liquid gas, producing a lot of cooling power, specially when the liquid gas is minimized (8) in the evaporator or coldness discharger (4) to maximize the expansion.

- Example for the partial liquefied gas minimum filling using CO ₂ :

Gas (from fact IV.2.) starts to be liquefied at a minimum gas liquefying pressure. This pressure differs between the different gases/refrigerants and relates also to the surrounding temperature. With CO ₂ for example at steady cooled 2O ⁰ C surrounding temperature, CO ₂ WiII not liquefy under less pressure than 5 bars. Knowing that completely with liquid CO ₂ gas filled pressure tubes at 20 ⁰ C, create about 57bars pressure, we can estimate that the minimum partially filling with liquid CO ₂ gas to reach a durable partial liquidation of CO ₂ gas in the evaporator and coldness discharger (4) is about 1/10 > 5/57. But to guaranty that the pump (5) will find always liquid gas at the bottom of the coldness discharger (4), we assume that 1/8 static partial filling with liquid gas, will secure always a minimum of liquid gas at the bottom, to be circled.

- This example gives us an Idea about how strong the liquid gas expansion (from 1 to 8) cooling power in this circuit is. And how much air compression heat (thermal energy from the turbines funnel) it can absorb (Anergy) and transform into rotation/kinetic energy by using the tremendous pressure difference before and after the flow engine (7), resulting from the cooling power (in 4) by expansion and the pumps (5) flow pressure, which in this figure will produce electricity by the generator (7).

- The speed of this liquid gas pumping circuit (and all other circuits mentioned), filled partially with liquid gas, is controlled by the opening and closing valves/faucets (11) controlling the amount of liquid gas circulating, thus the speed of the flow engine (6).

III.3- Vacuumed circuits filled partially with non freezing fluids at -65°C, in static pressure less than 0.8 bar, as Methanol, or Ethanol, Propanol or other fluids { or with partial liquid CO ₂ gas filling, when up in the air and the temperature falls bellow - 56 ⁰ C liquid CO ₂ gas is considered than as a fluid }. S-AAA Turbine

- Figure (10) illustrates the Liquids pumping circuit, with a static circuit pressure less than 0.8 bar, filled partially with Ethanol, or Propanol or any other fluids with a freezing point at least bellow -75°C degrees. This circuit nearly doesn't produce any heat of importance and generates extreme coldness, through fluid expansion.

- Important is that the pump (5) is pumping only liquid from the bottom of the cooling power discharger (3) {filled partially with fluid (8)} upwards via pipe into the flow engine (6), connected to the generator (7). Flow engine (6) and generator (7) are placed in the evaporator (9) to raze their efficiency by cooling and by dropping pressure sealing rings. The strong cooling power is discharged in the heat exchanger (4). - This Anergy circuit is capable to deal with the freezing temperatures up in the air and the preferred circuit to be used in jets or airplanes. Noticing when filled with CO ₂ in -60 ⁰ C, CO ₂ is than a fluid.

- Figure (11) illustrates the Steam/vapor compression circuit, with a static circuit pressure less than 0.2 bar, using Ethanol or Propanol or any other fluid with a freezing point bellow -75°C degrees. Due to the static "under pressure" (<0.2 bar), when steam/ vapor of those fluids are compressed, there is nearly no compression heat realized .

- This circuit produces electricity and extreme cooling power through expansion and cavity, discharging (4) his cooling power in the funnel of the turbine.

- This circuit is composed in series of a compressor (1), followed directly beneath it by a flow engine (6) ending in an expansion box (9), which is connected from below via pipe with a heat exchanger as coldness discharger (4), which produces a secondary cooling power by cavity through the suction of the compressor (1) from the top of the exchanger (4). Compressor (1) flow engine (6) and generator (7) are placed in the expansion box (9), to raze their efficiency by cooling them and getting rid of all pressure sealing rings (as done in traditional compressors placed with its electrical motor in a pressure box).

Notice: All the above mentioned circuits are mentioned, to free the method { of the silenced Aspirator Anergy supported or driven air turbine}, from being related to one specific circuit, which I or others might have invented (not exactly but close) before. I have invented two additional cooling power and electricity producing circuits, one of them is mentioned in my German national/local application, which could be also used in this Anergy supported or driven turbine, but I think those a.m. circuits are simpler and the idea of Anergy (coldness absorbing temperature) is now clear enough. S-AAA Turbine

The main lesson out of all those above 8 mentioned circuits used by the cooling method is: All Anerqy circuits produce cooling power, to absorb into their circuits as thermal energy source any temperature surrounding them (from the turbines funnel24) and simultaneously they either produce amplified heat or rotation/kinetic energy and some heat loses. All of the different amplified energies from Anergy circuits are used in the Anergy driven turbine in series, adding up to each other amplifying the boost/thrust.

IV. The simple Anergy driven air turbine

- Figure (12): illustrates the Anergy air turbine driven by several Anergy circuits in series. Each following stage circuit has to be stronger by the factor of air compression. For example: When air is compressed in the first stage to half its volume-size, the second circuits cooling power (4) should be twice as strong, to keep the temperature in the funnel steady. The second third and forth stage of air-compression are also compressing the air to half its volume-size resp. all in all to 1 : 16 this means we need a cooling power(CP) of 1CP than 2CP than 4CP than 8CP than 16CP to keep the entering temperature nearly steady, till the compressed air by 16 times reaches the middle chamber (22). Lowering this way also the compression force/energy needed to compress this air (1 ;16 times) and transforming the compressors rotating blades power into backwards air pushing propellers, creating an additional forward drive ( Like the rowers in the ship from the explanation example of the boosts/thrusts law no. Ill on page 3). Adding two stages (1 :2) and (2:3) we can reach an air compression of 32 resp. up to 48 times.

- The Anergy circuits discharge all their cooling (4) power in the turbine funnel (24). As example for the Anergy circuits used, mentioning in series starting by the weakest the

1- Gas compression circuits (as in A/Cs, heat pumps, fridges...) compressing refrigerant /gas with the compressor (1) discharging (2) his gas compression heat at the tunnel (23)

2- Liquid gas pumping (5) circuits filled completely with liquid gas (like R134a)

3- Liquid gas pumping circuits filled partially with liquid gas (like R744 = CO ₂ )

- The first three Anergy circuits discharge their gas compression heat (2) in series at the turbine tunnel (23) to heat up the compressed air, amplifying the turbines boost.

4- Ending with the vacuumed circuits filled partially with non freezing fluids at -65°C (as Ethanol), pumping (5) liquids in static internal pressure less than 0.8 bar in the circuit, producing from the pressure difference rotation/kinetic energy with the flow engine (6) recp. producing electricity with a hocked generator (7). S-AAA Turbine

- The low noise Anergy turbine shaft/axe(20) gets turned by the rotation turbine (25) at the back and a starting and accelerating electrical motor (36), placed in the middle chamber (22), which gets his electricity from the generator (7) or photo voltaic cells .

- Solar heat (12) is added in the turbine tunnel (23). The first blade wheel in front of the funnel (24), can be also a propeller (32) with different rotation speed.

- Figure (13) illustrates the wings, showing one big solar thermal and photovoltaic (is lighter but less efficient max.19%) collector, to use solar heat (12) at the turbine tunnel (23), to heat up the compressed air, before squeezing it through the aspirators nozzle.

- Preferred solar thermal collector are thin, light, half tubed mirrors, focusing the solar rays in their centered tubes, which are surrounded by vacuumed glass tubes.

- Solar heat can also be added indirectly to the liquid gas pumping circuit (as in Fig.5, or with an electrical heating coil as shown) before/after the pump (5), as a transporter of heat to discharge the additional heat in the compressed air in the tunnel by the Anergy circuits heat exchanger (2), or solar heat (12) will be delivered/discharged (12) directly at the end of the turbines tunnel (23) in the compressed air, to raze the boost/thrust.

- Figure (14) illustrates a Motor Jet, where the motor (36) drives the turbine shaft/axe (20) and is placed inside the middle chamber (22) amplifying the boost by his exhaust

- The heat exchanger {21 AIM) or coldness discharger/evaporator (4) are thin piped, turned 90° degrees against drive direction and round -avoiding G-force and ram drag on partial liquids-, gathers his liquid gas at its bottom to be pumped (5) or circulated.

- Figure (15) illustrates the stretched Anergy driven turbine, which develops a lot of suction power at its front and velocity shown as boost at the back, adding up to a strong forward drive (in comparison with the ship example from law III).

It has to be stretched, to be able to enter all the evaporators resp. coldness discharger (4) needed into the front of the turbine, to shrink the volume of the air, sucking more and more air into the turbine, which produces on its own already a forward drive.

- Figure (16) illustrates the Anergy driven turbine, which can (as it is) push resp. deliver the eclectic/kinetic energy needed by a Bus, or a lorry/truck or a train, seating the driver on top of the turbines funnel (24) and passing the narrow turbines tunnel through the vehicle, without losing a lot of space in the vehicle. Aiding solar heat (12) is welcomed, but not necessary, at the turbines tunnel (23), to amplify the boost through solar heat(12) S-AAA Turbine

- Pump(5) and flow engine(6) are placed at the mid chamber(22), to raze their efficiency by cooling them and vice versa all heat losses from them and their Anergy circuit will be added to the compressed air amplifying the boost. The flow engine (6) of the Anergy circuit drives its own pump (5) through the shaft (20) and drives the air compressor (21).

- Figure (17) illustrates the turbines temperature control by an independent Anergy circuit, which has a flow direction changing valve (14), to change the cooling or heating functions of the heat exchangers (15). The control circuit is driven by an external, electrical, inverter or RPM regulated compressor (1) or pump (5 not shown in the figure) to control exactly the amount of cooling or heating added in the turbine funnel to the air, controlling the temperatures all over in the Anergy turbine.

Example: If a little heat (thermal energy) is added at the beginning -by the temperature control circuit- in the entrance of the turbines funnel to the incoming air (from T1/P1 = T2/P1 and V1/P2 = V2/P1), the thermal energy gained from compressing the air in several stages -up to 48 times- will rise tremendously (and it can be used through the later mentioned pressure valves, similar to an afterburner) creating additional air pressure resp. boost/thrust. Vise versa if the air is cooled at the beginning, the air compression energy needed in the turbines funnel will shrink strongly.

- Figure (18) illustrates a boost/thrust delivering Anergy driven turbine, with aiding solar heat (12) added to the compressed air at the turbines tunnel. The air compressor in the turbines funnel (24) is connected to the rotation producing turbine at the end of the tunnel (23) through the shaft (20), which has to be started by an external rotation motor. The Anergy circuits compressors(1)/pumps(5) are also driven by the shaft.

V. Anergy driven turbine producing rotation/kinetic energy for a generator

- Figure (19) illustrates a rotation delivering Anergy driven turbine used f.ex. as electricity generator with aiding solar heat(12). The shaft is separated into: I.- a frontal air compressor(21) shaft (20), driven by the flow engines (6) of the Anergy circuits, transforming the absorbed thermal air compression energy into rotation and II.- a generators (7) rotation shaft (26), driven by a turbine (25) at the back of the widening tunnel (24), transforming the boost and solar heat into rotation driving the generator. An electrical Motor (36) has to start the frontal turbine until its reaches the needed RPM. S-AAA Turbine

- Figure (20) illustrates the closed air circuit (27) of the rotation delivering Anergy driven turbine used here as pure electricity generator, compensating all taken out rotation/kinetic energy (to generate electricity 7) with thermal solar energy (12).

- Noting: That here we can understand best the Anergy drive, as the compressed air will drive the rotation turbine (26) losing thermal energy while expanding, which creates a lot of coldness that has to be compensated in a closed air circuit with a lot of solar heat (12) quantity (no high temperatures are used but quantity) with water heat exchangers (30) and the surrounding air temperature (31). As the air is moving/circulating, the lower compressed air is warmed up and while expanding it is used to turn additional smaller wind fans (28) to generate additional electricity (7). Warmed up again -driving several fans- until the air reaches the surrounding temperature and pressure, closing the air circle.

Vl. Aspirator Anergy driven turbines used in jets with a high-bypass of air

- Figure (21) illustrates the low noise Aspirator Anergy driven air flow turbine, driven only by solar heat. With a smaller propeller (32) and with additional controllable pressure valves nozzles (33), spread in circles in each air compression stage between the turbine funnel (24) and the outer air bypass (34) of the big surrounding shortened (without the widening tube19) Aspirator (16 & 17 & 18), to lower the weight and to avoid air resistance and turbulences by the widening tube (19). The pressure valves (33) are used -after producing high over-pressure with the temperature control circuits (15)- as boost amplifier -similar but not as strong as an afterburner-, as the small nozzles (33) work as small additional Aspirators. The turbines cone is used as Aspirators nozzle (16).

- Figure (22) illustrates the Aspirator Anergy turbine, as the Aspirator is surrounding completely the Anergy driven turbine thermally isolating it and using all its heat loses to amplify the boost/thrust. A combustion (fuel burning) chamber (35) -not traditionally at the middle before the rotation turbine, but- is added at the end of the turbine, producing with a bit of fuel additional boost (not traditionally, losing have of its energy producing rotation energy for the turbine). Noting: All absorbed air compression heat from the funnel (24) by Anergy circuits is transferred and discharged in the compressed air in the turbine tunnel (2&23) to create a strong air pressure, driving the turbines (25) axe (20). S-AAA Turbine

VII. Solar heat used in an Aspirator Anergy driven turbine, compared to a turbo fan

- Figure (23) illustrates solar heat collectors at the wings -with thin, light, half tubed mirrors focusing the solar rays in their centered tubes surrounded by vacuumed glass tubes- , as an additional source of thermal energy to be used in the turbine tunnel (23). Photo voltaic cells can be fixed on top of the airplanes body/wings, to deliver the electricity of the electrical motor starting and accelerating the turbine rotation (36).

- Figure (24) illustrates where the solar heat (12) will be added in the turbine tunnel (23)

- Noting: All Anergy circuits (fig 7-11) can produce with flow engines (6) rotation/kinetic energy to drive the shortened nearly silent propeller (32) at the front and to drive the air compressor (21) in the turbines funnel. Placing in the middle chamber a combustion (or electrical) traditional motor (36), to start always the rotation of the turbine and only if needed (as support) to accelerate the rotation of the turbine strongly.

VIII. Nearly silent aspirator (as high-bypass) Anergy driven turbine in several cases

- Figure(25) illustrates a noise lowered Anergy driven(6) turbine as jet drive, supported by a short-end Aspirator at the end, converting some thermal energy loses into boost. Due to the speed, the frontal air resistance { = Vz C _w (resistance value) x Q x v ² x A (surface of the funnel) in potential relation to the speed (v ² ) } is a heat source. Through the air speed and the cooling Anergy circuits the air is compressed/reduced in its volume and accelerated by the strong (ship like) propeller -driven by the flow engine (6) -, into more air mass, accelerated by burning a bit of fuel (35) leaving the turbines cone(16) into the short-end aspirator, which converts thermal energy into air mass flow.

- Figure (26) illustrates a solar heat added Aspirator Anergy driven air flow turbine, wherein the Aspirator is covering the whole turbine as an air bypass, absorbing any heat loses of the central turbine and transferring it into additional mass boost, using the turbine cone(16) as nozzle of the shortened {as it stops at the throat(18)} Aspirator.

- Figure (27) illustrates Aspirator Anergy driven air flow turbine, as helicopter with an extended shaft to the front/upper rotor or as electricity generator(7) -placed at the end and in the cooler middle chamber (22)- to be entered into a closed air circuit(as in Fig.20) by using solar heat (12) to warm up the air not higher than 99 ⁰ C, heating up water reservoirs, to be able to use solar heat also at night in the electricity generating process with the Aspirator Anergy driven air turbine. S-AAA Turbine

IX. The stretched nearly silent Aspirator Anergy supported or driven turbine

- Figure (28) illustrates the stretched turbine along and on top of (or bellow) the airplanes/trains body. The front of the airplane is now the air inlet, as we need a turbine as wide as possible, to suck as much as possible air inside the turbine, to be able to deliver as much as possible thermal energy from the air, to reduce the fuel consumption. This will free the wings from fuel to represent one big solar thermal collector (photovoltaic is also possible and lighter but less efficient max. 19%) to use solar heat (12) at the turbine tunnel to heat up the compressed air. All the thermal energy (4) gained from the air narrowing volume, through the Anergy liquids pumping (5) circuits, are transferred to the back into the turbines tunnel (2) and supported by solar heat (12). The internal turbine will than turn the shaft/axe (20) of the turbine. Additional burning fuel (35), at the end of the tunnel before the nozzle/cone, is only needed to start and to accelerate the turbines rotation. The aspirator covers the turbine, transferring the heat into air mass.

- Figure (29) illustrates the super silent Aspirator Anergy driven air flow turbine, stretched along, on top & bellow the jets/airplanes/train body, with flow engine(s) (6) an aiding electrical motor (36) and without any combustion chamber. The motor starts and helps to accelerate the propeller. His, the flow engines and the compressors/pumps (1/ 6) heat losses are added to the compressed air in the turbines middle chamber (22).

- Thermal energy gained from the air narrowing volume, through the Anergy (4) liquid(s) pumping (5) circuits is transformed by flow engine(s) (6) into rotation/kinetic energy, driving the shaft/axe (20) of the turbine. All heat losses of the Anergy circuits are added to the compressed air to amplify the boost/thrust. Solar thermal energy (12) heats up the compressed air, amplifying its pressure before entering the aspirators nozzle (16).

- High air bypass ratio is reached (of about 1 :4 and higher) by the silent aspirator apparatus without any wear and tear (instead of strong noisy propellers).

- Electricity for the starting and acceleration motor -to respond to power changes very quickly- is gained from photovoltaic sticking foil on top of the jets plane resp. on top of the outer casing of the cold aspirator razing their efficiency additionally.

- The temperature control Anergy circuit (15) is added to adjust the turbine temperature to the different temperatures in different heights incl. the pressure releasing valves (33).

- The wide big jet front is just big enough, to deliver enough thermal energy from the air by Anergy circuits, trying to reach a compression ratio of 1 :32-48, with a bypass cooling airflow ratio of about 1 :4 and higher, to be able to deliver the boost/thrust needed.