HAJJI, Mazen J. (13807 Amiot Drive #D, St. Louis, Missouri, 63146, US)
BELLISTRI, James T. (517 Eagles Nest Ct, Wildwood, Missouri, 63011, US)
HAJJI, Mazen J. (13807 Amiot Drive #D, St. Louis, Missouri, 63146, US)
CLAIMS:
1. A fuel system (18) for an internal combustion engine including an engine block (12), at least one combustion chamber (14) associated with the engine block, at least one piston (11 ) mounted for movement within the chamber (14), a shaft (7) driven by the at least one piston (11 ), and a flywheel (2) mounted to and rotatable with the shaft; comprising: a throttle body (10) mounted to the engine, the throttle body having a plurality of openings in it, the openings serving to route fuel to the at least one combustion chamber (11 ); a fuel pump (84b) mounted to the throttle body (10); a fuel pressure regulator (20) associated with the fuel pump (84b) and mounted to the throttle body (10); an electronic control unit (ECU) (42) mounted to the throttle body (10), the electronic control unit (42) being operatively connected to a fuel injector (45) for injecting fuel into the at least one combustion chamber; and a fuel injector (45) mounted to the throttle body (10).
2. The fuel system (18) of Claim 1 further including a fuel tank (4), the fuel pump (84b) having an input side connected to the fuel pump and an output side, the output side of the fuel pump being operatively connected through the throttle body (10) to the fuel injector (45) and to the fuel tank (4) whereby excess fuel is returned to the fuel tank.
3. The fuel system (18) of Claim 1 wherein the fuel pressure regulator (120) further includes a diaphragm (82) and a spring assembly (91 ) operatively arranged to provide control of the fuel system (18) pressure.
4. The fuel system (18) of Claim 1 wherein the fuel injector (45) further includes a motor can (30) assembly enclosing a magnetic core (34) having an electrical coil (43) mounted on the core (34), the motor can (30) having a threaded outer wall (31 ), and an upper body (25) sized to receive the motor can (30), the upper body (25) having threads (58) formed in it which are complementary to the threads of the motor can (30) for receiving the motor can (30), a lower body (33) having an inlet opening (39) operatively connected to the fuel pressure regulator (20), and an outlet (105) operatively connected to the at least one combustion chamber (14), the lower body (33) being mounted to and fixed in place to the upper body (25) in the assembled position of the injector, a spring (44) and pin (46) positioned between the lower body (33) and the motor can (30), the pin (46) being normally positioned in the outlet (105) of the lower body (33) in the non operating position of the injector (45), the coil (43) being electrically connected to the electronic control unit (42).
5. The fuel systems (18) of Claim 1 further including an ignition module and power generating assembly (40) operatively associated with the flywheel (2) of the engine (1 ), the power generating assembly producing sufficient electrical power for operating the injection system along with associated input signals to the electronic control unit (42) for determining ignition timing and injector triggering.
6. The fuel system (18) of Claim 5 wherein said ignition module power generating assembly (40) includes a U shaped stack of laminations (121 ). 7. The fuel system (18) of Claim 6 further including a transformer (123) associated with one leg of the U shaped laminations stack (121 ).
8. The fuel system (18) of Claim 1 wherein the electronic control unit (42) has a plurality of sensor inputs associated with it. 9. The fuei system (18) of Claim 8 were in the sensors include an engine temperature sensor (168).
10. The fuel system of Claim 9 were in the sensors include an intake air temperature sensor (167).
11. The fuel system of Claim 1 further including an air purge pump (29) mounted to the throttle body (10).
12. In a fuel system (18) for a small internal combustion engine having an engine block (12), at least one combustion chamber (14) associated with the engine block (12), at least one piston (11 ) mounted for movement within the at least one chamber (14), a shaft (7) driven by the at least one piston (11 ), a flywheel (2) mounted to and rotatable with the shaft (7) and at least on fuel injector (45) associated with the engine (1 ), the improvement which comprises a throttle body (10) mounted to the engine (1 ), and a fuel pump (84b) integral with the throttle body (10), the throttle body (10) having a fuel circuit (10a) associated with it for delivering fuel to the at least one fuel injector (45).
13. The improvement of Claim 12 wherein the fuel circuit (10a) in the throttle body (10) comprises a plurality of openings the throttle body (10), the openings serving to route fuel to the at least one combustion chamber (14) through the injector (45). 14. The improvement of Claim 13 further including a fuel tank (4), the fuel pump (84b) having an input side connected to the fuel tank (4) and an output side, the output side of the fuel pump (84b) being operatively connected through the throttle body (10) to the injector (45) and to the fuel tank (4) whereby excess fuel is returned to the fuel tank (4). 15. The improvement of Claim 12 wherein the at least one fuel injector (45) is mounted to the throttle body (10) and the throttle body (10), the fuel pump (84b), and the at least one the fuel injector (45) are attached to and removable from the engine (1 ) as a single unit.
16. The improvement of Claim 12 further including an electronic control unit (42) mounted to the throttle body (10).
17. The improvement of Claim 16 further including an ignition system (40) operatively associated with the flywheel (2) of the engine (1 ), the ignition system (40) producing an electrical signal input to the electronic control unit (42).
18. The improvement of Claim 17 wherein the fuel injector (45) further includes a motor can (30) including a magnetic core (34), an electrical coil (43) mounted to the core (34), an upper body (25) sized to receive the motor can (30), a lower body (33) having an inlet opening (39) operatively connected to the fuel circuit and an outlet (105) operatively connected to the at least one combustion chamber (14), the lower body (33) being mounted to and fixed in position to the upper body (25)_in the assembled position of the injector (45), a spring (44) and pin (46) positioned between the lower body (33) and the motor can (30), the pin (46) being movable with respect to the magnetic forces acting on it from the coil (43), the coil (43) being electrically connected to the electronic control unit (42).
19. The improvement of Claim 18 wherein the electronic control unit (42) has a plurality of sensors associated with it. 20. The improvement of Claim 15 wherein the fuel circuit (10a) has an air purge pump (29) mounted to the throttle body (10) operable to pressurize the fuel system (18).
21. In a fuel system (18) for a internal combustion engine (1 ) having an engine block (12), at least one cylinder (15) associated with the engine (1 ), at least one piston (11 ) mounted for movement within the cylinder (15), a shaft (7) driven by the at least one piston (11 ), a flywheel (2) mounted to the shaft (7) and a fuel circuit (10a) for supplying fuel to the cylinder (15), the improvement which comprises a fuel injector (45) capable of delivering fuel in less than 4 ms at an engine speed of less than 12,500 revolutions per minute, the fuel injector (45) further including a motor can (30) enclosing a magnetic core (34), an electrical coil (43) mounted to the core (34), an upper body (25) sized to receive the motor can (30), a lower body (33) having an inlet (34) operatively connected to the fuel circuit and an outlet (105) operatively connected to the at least one cylinder (15), the lower body (33) being mounted to and fixed in position to the upper body (25) in the assembled position of the injector (45), a spring (44) and pin (46) positioned between the lower body (33) and the motor can (30), the spring (44) acting on the pin (46) normally to position the pin (46) toward the outlet (105) of the lower body (33). 22. The improvement of Claim 21 further including a throttle body
(10), the throttle body (10) having the injector (45) mounted to it.
23. The improvement of Claim 22 wherein the throttle body (10) further has a fuel pump (84b), a fuel pressure regulator (20), and an electronic control unit (42) mounted to it. 24. The improvement of Claim 23 further including a fuel tank (4), the fuel pump (84b) having an input side connected to the fuel tank (4) and an output side, the output side of the fuel pump (84b) being operatively connected through the throttle body (10) to the fuel injector (45).
25. The improvement of Claim 24 further including an electronic control unit (42) mounted to the throttle body (10), wherein the throttle body
(10), the fuel pump (84b), the fuel pressure regulator (20), the fuel injector (45), and electronic control unit (42) are attached to and removed from the engine as an integral unit.
26. The improvement of Claim 25 wherein the electronic control unit (42) has a plurality of sensors associated with it.
27. The improvement of Claim 26 further including an ignition and power generating module (40) operatively associated with the flywheel (2) of the enginei , the power generating module (40) producing an electrical signal input to the electronic control unit (42). 28. The improvement of Claim 27 wherein the fuel pressure regulator (20) further includes a diaphragm and a spring assembly (82) operatively arranged to provide control of the fuel pressure of the fuel system (18).
29. The improvement of Claim 23 were in the fuel pump (84b) has a flexible enclosure to pressurize the fuel system.
30. In a fuel system for a small internal combustion engine 1 having an engine block (12), at least one combustion chamber (14) associated with the engine (1 ), at least one piston (11 )mounted for movement within the combustion chamber, a shaft (7) driven by the at least one piston(11 ), and a flywheel (2) mounted to the shaft (7), and at least one fuel injector (45), the improvement which comprises an electronic control unit (42), the electronic control unit (42) being operable to electrically control a fuel injector (45) for the fuel system (18), the electronic control (42) unit including a microprocessor (160), a non-volatile memory for a control algorithm, and signal conditioning circuits, the electronic control unit being mounted to a throttle body (10), and a throttle body mounted to the engine (1 ).
31. A throttle body (10) for an internal combustion engine, comprising: a housing (100), the housing (100) having a plurality of channels formed in it, the channels operating to deliver fuel to a fuel injector (45); and a fuel injector mounted to the throttle body.
32. The throttle body of claim 31 wherein the housing (100) is constructed from phenolic material.
33. The throttle body of claim 31 were in the injector (45) includes a lower body (33) defining a closed fuel rail (104) with the housing (100) part of the throttle body (10).
34. The throttle body (10) of claim 31 wherein the throttle body (10) further includes a throttle plate (9) mounted in it, the fuel injector (45) being positioned downstream of the throttle plate (9).
35. A fuel circuit for an internal combustion engine (1 ) comprising: a throttle body (10) including a housing (100), the housing (100) part having at least one channel formed in it to deliver fuel to a fuel injector (45); a throttle plate (9) mounted to the throttle body (10) upstream of the fuel injector; and a fuel injector (45) positioned with respect to the throttle plate (9) to enable the injector to deliver fuel to the combustion chamber (11 ). 36. A fuel circuit of claim 35 wherein the fuel injector (45) is positioned downstream of the throttle plate (9).
37. The fuel circuit of claim 35 wherein the housing (100) is constructed from a phenolic material.
38. A method of adjusting the operational position of a fuel injector (45) for an internal combustion engine (1 ) comprising the steps of: providing a fuel injector (45) having an upper body and a lower body (25), the upper body (25) including a motor can (30) movable with respect to the lower body (25); advancing the motor can (30) to define a first bottomed position with respect to the lower body (25); rotating the motor can away from the bottomed_position to define an operational range of motion for the injector (45).
39. The method of claim 38 further including the step of mounting the fuel injector (45) in a position to deliver fuel to the internal combustion engine.
40. The method of claim 38 were in the rotational movement is between zero and 180°.
41. The method of claim 39 further including the step of providing a throttle body (10) for the engine (1 ): and the mounting step comprises mounting the injector (45) to the throttle body (10).
42. A throttle body (10) for an internal combustion engine comprising: a housing (100), the housing (100) having a plurality of channels formed in it, at least one of said channels operating to deliver fuel to a fuel injector (45); an electronic control unit (42) mounted to the throttle body (10); a throttle plate (9) operatively connected to the electronic control unit
(42), the throttle plate (9) including a shaft (90) having a first end and a second end, one of said first and of said second ends of the shaft (90) being operatively connected to the electronic control unit (42) so as to provide a throttle position indication to the electronic control unit (42); and a fuel injector (45) attached to the engine and electronically connected to the electronic control unit.
43. The throttle body (10) of claim 42 wherein the housing (100) is constructed from phenolic material.
44. The throttle body (10) of claim 42 wherein the fuel injector (45) is mounted to the housing (100).
45. The throttle body (10) of claim 42 further including a fuel pressure regulator (20) mounted to the throttle body (10).
46. In a fuel system for a internal combustion engine having an engine block (12), at least one cylinder (15) associated with the engine, at least one piston (11 ) mounted for movement within the cylinder (15), a shaft (7) driven by the at least one piston, a flywheel (2) mounted to the shaft, the improvement which consists essentially of, the integration of the components required to operate a fuel injection system (10a) into a throttle body (10), the throttle body (10) having a first plurality of parts associated with it, and an ignition module (40), the ignition module having a second plurality of parts associated with it, the ignition module (40) being operatively connected to the throttle body (10) for engine operation.
47. The improvement of claim 46 wherein the first plurality of parts includes an electronic control unit (42) mounted to the throttle body (10), the electronic control module (42) being operatively connected to the ignition module (40).
48. The improvement of claim 47 wherein the second plurality of parts includes a stack of laminations (121 ) defining a first leg and a second leg (121 a, 121 b) one of the first and second legs (121 a, 121 b) having a transformer (123) mounted to it and the other of the first and second legs having a power generation coil (23a) mounted to it.
49. The improvement of claim 47 wherein the electronic control unit (42) further includes an intake air temperature sensor (167) adapted to receive intake air temperature for the engine, the intake air temperature sensor (167) being operatively connected to a microprocessor (160), and a microprocessor (160) associated with the electronic control unit (42), the throttle body having a plurality of passages formed in it, the one of said plurality of passages being provided for intake air temperature measurement.
50. The improvement of claim 47 wherein the electronic control unit (42) further includes a diagnostic port (50) for permitting external communications with the electronic control unit (42).
51. A method for starting a rope pull start internal combustion engine having a flywheel (2), a fuel injection system, an electronic control
(42) unit for operating the fuel injection system, the electronic control unit (42) having a smart choke algorithm and a run algorithm associated with it, and an ignition module (40) for detecting rotation of the flywheel (2) comprising: pulling the rope (3) to cause rotation of flywheel (2); generating a power signal in the ignition module (40); transferring power from the ignition module (40) to the electronic control unit (42); starting a smart choke algorithm in the electronic control unit (42); providing a throttle position indication (13) to the smart choke algorithm; providing an intake air temperature (167) indication to the smart choke algorithm; providing an engine temperature (168) indication to the smart choke algorithm; utilizing the sensor inputs to indicate a point in a look up table to determine the on time for the fuel injection system (10a); applying fuel from the fuel injection system (10a) to the engine based on the lookup table values for starting the engine prior to the completion of the loading of the run algorithm; and completing the run algorithm loading and transferring the fuel injection system operation from the smart choke algorithm to the run algorithm. 52. A method for starting a rope pull start internal combustion engine having a flywheel (2), a fuel injection system (10a), an electronic control unit (42) for operating the fuel injection system (10a), the electronic control (42) unit having a smart choke algorithm and a run algorithm and an ignition module (40) for detecting rotation of the flywheel (2) comprising; detecting a first generated electrical pulse; applying a smart choke algorithm to determine the application of fuel from the fuel injection system (10a) to the engine when the electronic control unit (42) response time from first generated pulse to first required fuel output is less than the time required for the electronic control unit to load the run algorithm.
53. The method of claim 52 further including the steps of: providing a look up table in the smart choke algorithm; providing at least at least one existing environmental condition signal to the smart choke algorithm to determine an operating point from the lookup table; applying the look up table value to determine fuel amount to be applied by the fuel injection system.
54. The method of claim 53 wherein the operating point from the lookup table is selected to optimize the starting conditions for the engine. 55. A method of regulating fuel delivery in a fuel system (18) for operating an internal combustion engine, by changing fuel quantity available to the engine for maximizing engine efficiency at any rpm, load and throttle position, the engine including an engine block (12), at least one cylinder (15) associated with the engine, at least one piston (11 ) mounted for movement within the cylinder (15), a shaft (7) driven by the at least one piston (11 ) a flywheel (2) mounted to the shaft (7), a throttle body (10) having an electronic control unit (42) associated with it, and an ignition module (40), the ignition module being operatively arranged to detect rotation of the fly wheel (2) and being electrically connected to the electronic control unit (42), comprising the steps of:
(a) running the engine;
(b) selecting a number of revolutions to average;
(c) establishing a first and second rpm value,
(d) selecting a rpm deviation range (e) determining the difference between first and second rpm values
(f) determining if the difference between first and second rpm values is greater than preset deviation range and if so proceeding with adjusting the fuel injection quantity. (g) first hunting adjustment is reducing fuel quantity
(h) starting a hunting loop
(i) observing whether the last operation conducted on the fuel regulating valve was an increment or a decrement for fuel flow through the valve; G) incrementing fuel flow if the rpm is higher and the last operation was an increment;
(k) decrementing fuel flow if rpm is higher and the last operation was a decrement; (I) incrementing fuel flow if the rpm is lower and the last operation was a decrement;
(m) decrementing fuel flow if the rpm is lower and the fast operation was an increment;
(n) returning to rpm difference determination step; (o) continuing the use of rpm as a control to operate the internal combustion engine at all normal operating conditions of the internal combustion engine and to control engine operation during the entire time of that operation.
56. A method of determining cycle recognition in an internal combustion engine, the engine including an engine block (12), at least one cylinder (15) associated with the engine, at least one piston (11 ) mounted for movement within the cylinder (15), a shaft (7) driven by the at least one piston (11 ), a flywheel (2) mounted to the shaft (7), a throttle body (10) having an electronic control unit (42) associated with it, and an ignition module (40), the ignition module being operatively arranged to detect rotation of the fly wheel (2) and being electrically connected to the electronic control unit (42), comprising the steps of:
(a) rotating the flywheel so as to cause the magnets within the flywheel (2) to pass the first and second leg (121 a, 121 b) of the ignition module thereby a generating a first pulse as the magnet passes the first leg and a second pulse as the magnet passes the second leg (121 a, 121 b);
(b) calculating the interval between first and second pulse to establish a fist interval;
(c) generating a third pulse when the flywheel (2) again passes the first leg (121a, 121 b) of the ignition module (40); (d) calculate the interval between the second and third pulses to determine a second interval, comparing the first and second intervals to determine the greater time interval;
(e) detecting a pulse following the third pulse; and (f) determining the time interval between the third pulse and the succeeding pulses to determine whether the time interval was greater than the reference interval.
57. The method of claim 56 further including the step of filtering noise from the engine to prevent the noise from interrupting the routine. 58. The method of claim 56 wherein steps (e) and (f) are replaced by the steps of dividing the greater time interval by 2 to determine a first reference interval; calculating the interval between the last accepted pulse (pulse 3) and any new pulses and comparing their respective time interval against the first reference interval for a value greater than first reference interval; obtaining the next interval greater than the first reference interval; dividing the value determined in the previous step by two to establish a new reference interval; and continually repeating the steps of determining a new reference interval and resetting the old reference interval with the new reference interval
59. A fuel system for a small internal combustion engine' comprising: a crankcase powered fuel pump (84b) having an input side and an out put side; a pair of check valves (85a, 85b) operatively connected to the output side of the fuel pump; a purger bulb (8) positioned in the fuel system in relation to the fuel pump so as to require only one additional check valve (63) to direct fuel properly in the fuel system; and said one additional check valve (63) being operatively connected to the purger bulb (8).
60. The fuel system of claim 59 further including at least one fuel injector (45) operatively connected to the fuel system, the crankcase powered pump (84b) supplying fuel pressure for the system.
61. A fuel system for a small internal combustion engine (1 ) having an engine block (12) at least one combustion chamber (14) associated with the engine block (12), at least one piston (11) mounted for movement in the chamber (14), a shaft (7) driven by said at least one piston (11 ), the engine (1 ) having a crankcase enclosing the shaft, whereby movement of the piston (11 ) causes varying pressure pulsations in the crankcase, comprising: an injector (45) adapted to provide fuel to the combustion chamber
(14); and a crankcase pulsation powered pump (84b) for supplying fuel to said fuel injector (45).
62. A fuel system for a internal combustion engine having an engine block (12), at least one cylinder (15) associated with the engine, at least one piston (11 ) mounted for movement within the cylinder (15), a shaft (7) driven by the at least one piston (11 ), a flywheel (2) mounted to the shaft (7), including the integration of the components required to operate the fuel system into two groups, which comprises: a throttle body (10), the throttle body having a first plurality of parts associated with it; and an ignition module (40), the ignition module having a second plurality of parts associated with it, the ignition module being operatively connected to the throttle body for engine operation.
63. The fuel system of claim 62 further wherein the first plurality of parts includes an electronic control unit (42) mounted to the throttle body (10), the electronic control module (42) being operatively connected to the ignition module (40).
64. The fuel system of claim 63 wherein the second plurality of parts includes a stack of laminations (121 ) defining a first leg and a second leg (121 a, 121 b), one of the first and second legs having a transformer (123) mounted to it and the other of the first and second legs having a power generation coil (129) mounted to it.
65. The fuel system of claim 63 wherein the electronic control unit (42) further includes an intake air sensor (167) adapted to receive intake air temperature for the engine, the intake air sensor being operatively connected to a microprocessor (160), and a microprocessor (160) associated with the electronic control unit (42), the throttle body (10) having a plurality of passages formed in it, the one of said plurality of passages being provided for intake air temperature measurement. 66. The fuel system of claim 63 wherein the electronic control unit
(42) further includes a diagnostic port (50) for permitting external communications with the electronic control unit.
67. The fuel system of claim 64 further including a fuel pump (84b) mounted to the throttle body (10). 68. The fuel system of claim 67 further including a fuel pressure regulator (20) mounted to the throttle body (10) and associated with the fuel pump. 69. The fuel system of claim 64 further including a fuel injector (45) mounted to the throttle body (10). 70. The fuel system of claim 69 wherein the fuel injector (45) further includes a motor can (30) enclosing a magnetic core (34) having an electrical coil (43) mounted on the core (34), the motor can (30) having a threaded outer wall (31 ), and an upper body (25) sized to receive the motor can (30), the upper body (25) having threads (58) formed in it which are complementary to the threads of the motor can (30) for receiving the motor can (30), a lower body (33) having an inlet opening (39) operatively connected to the fuel pressure regulator (20), and an outlet operatively (105) connected to the at least one combustion chamber (14), the lower body (33) being mounted to and fixed in place to the upper body (33) in the assembled position of the injector, a spring (44) and pin (46) positioned between the lower body (33) and the motor can (30), the pin (46) being normally positioned in the outlet (105) of the lower body (33) in the non operating position of the injector (45), the coil (43) being electrically connected to the electronic control unit (42). 71. The fuel system of claim 69 further including a fuel tank (4), a fuel pump (84b) having an input side connected to the fuel tank (4) and an output side, the output side of the fuel pump being operatively connected through the throttle body (10) to the injector (45) and to the fuel tank (4) whereby excess fuel is returned to the fuel tank (4). 72. The fuel system of claim 69 wherein the engine includes a crank case and the fuel pump (84b) is powered by pressure variations in the crank case.
73. The fuel system of claim 70 wherein the upper body (25) and the lower body (35) are fixed in position with respect to one another, the lower body including a motor can (30) movable with respect to the lower body 35, and the operating position of the fuel injector (15) is obtained by advancing the motor can (30) to define a first bottomed position with respect to the lower body (33), and thereafter rotating the motor can (30) away from the bottom position to define an operational range of motion for the injector.
74. The fuel system of claim 73 wherein the amount of rotational movement is between zero and one hundred eighty degrees.
75. The fuel system of claim 64 further including a throttle plate (9) mounted to the throttle body (10), the throttle plate being operatively connected to the electronic control unit (42).
76. The fuel system of claim 64 wherein the throttle body (10) is constructed from phenolic material.
77. The fuel system of claim 69 wherein the injector (45) includes a lower body (33) defining a closed fuel rail (104) with the throttle body (10).
78. The fuel system of claim 68 wherein the throttle body (10), the fuel pump (84b), the fuel pressure regulator (81 ) and electronic control unit (42) are attached to and are removed from the engine as an integral unit.
79. The fuel system of claim any of the preceding claims in which the fuel injector (45) is positioned downstream of the throttle plate (9).
80. The fuel system of claim 79 applied to a rope start engine in which the electronic control unit (42) has a smart choke algorithm and a run algorithm associated with it, the ignition module (40) positioned to detect rotation of the flywheel (2), and the engine is started by: pulling the rope (3) to cause rotation of flywheel (2); generating a power signal in the ignition module (40); transferring power from the ignition module (40) to the electronic control unit (42); starting a smart choke algorithm in the electronic control unit (42); providing a throttle position indication (164) to the smart choke algorithm; providing an intake air temperature (167) indication to the smart choke algorithm; providing an engine temperature indication (168) to the smart choke algorithm; utilizing the sensor inputs to indicate a point in a look up table to determine the on time for the fuel injection system; applying fuel from the fuel injection system to the engine based on the lookup table values for starting the engine prior to the completion of the loading of the run algorithm; completing the run algorithm loading and transferring the fuel injection system operation from the smart choke algorithm to the run algorithm.
81. The fuel system of claim 79 applied to a rope start engine in which the electronic control unit (42) has a smart choke algorithm and a run algorithm associated with it, and the engine is started by: detecting a first generated electrical pulse; applying a smart choke algorithm to determine the application of fuel from the fuel injection system to the engine when the electronic control unit response time from first generated pulse to first required fuel output is less than the time required for the electronic control unit to load the run algorithm.
82. The fuel system of claim 64 wherein the electronic control unit determines engine cycle recognition by : rotating the flywheel (2) so as to cause the magnets within the flywheel (2) to pass the first and second leg (121a, 121 b) of the ignition module (40), thereby generating a first pulse as the magnet passes the first leg and a second pulse as the magnet passes the second leg; calculating the interval between first and second pulse to establish a fist interval; generating a third pulse when the flywheel again passes the first leg of the ignition module (40); calculating the interval between the second and third pulses to determine a second interval, comparing the first and second intervals to determine the greater time interval; detecting a pulse following the third pulse and; determining the time interval between the third pulse and the succeeding pulses to determine whether the time interval was greater than the reference interval.
83. The fuel system of claim 64 wherein the electronic control unit determines engine cycle recognition by: rotating the flywheel (2) so as to cause the magnets within the flywheel to pass the first and second leg (121 a, 121 b) of the ignition module (40) thereby generating a first pulse as the magnet passes the first leg and a second pulse as the magnet passes the second leg; calculating the interval between first and second pulse to establish a fist interval; generating a third pulse when the flywheel again passes the first leg of the ignition module; calculating the interval between the second and third pulses to determine a second interval, and comparing the first and second intervals to determine the greater time interval; dividing the greater time interval by 2 to determine a first reference interval; calculating the interval between the last pulse used to determine the greater time interval and any new pulses; comparing the last determined interval against the first reference interval ignoring any time interval less then the last determined reference interval; and dividing any time interval greater than the last determined reference interval by 2 to establish a new reference interval.
84. The fuel system of claim 73 further including: a pair of check valves (85a, 85b) operatively connected to the output side of the fuel pump (84b); a purger bulb (8) positioned in the fuel system in relation to the fuel pump (84B) so as to require only one additional check valve (63) to direct fuel properly in the fuel system; and said one additional check valve (63) being operatively connected to the purger bulb (8).
85. The fuel system of claim 70 wherein an end (26) the motor can (30) has a flux ring (27) associated with it.
86. The fuel system of claim 64 wherein the transformer (123) of the ignition module (40) is operatively connected to a spark plug (146) for the engine (1 ).
87. The fuel system of claim 86 wherein the engine (1 ) further includes a battery and the ignition module (40) provides D. C. power for batter charging. |
SMALL ENGINE OPERATION COMPONENTS
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority to United States Provisional Application SN. 60/834,592, filed August 1 , 2006, the specification of which is incorporated herein by reference. STATEMENT REGARDING COPYRIGHT
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. BACKGROUND ART This invention relates generally to an electronic fuel regulation system, and more particular, to an electronic fuel regulation system for small internal combustion engines, which in the preferred embodiment are hand-held garden implements utilizing a conventional two-cycle engine design. While the invention is described in detail with respect to those applications, those skilled in the art will recognize the wider applicability of the inventive aspects described herein.
Two-cycle gasoline engines presently have wide application, being ubiquitous in the marketplace for a variety of applications, including, for example, hedge trimmers, blowers and lawn edgers. The standard fuel delivery system for such engines currently is a somewhat simplified carburetor based system. However, such carburetor based systems are relatively fuel inefficient, resulting in undesirable levels of emissions caused by engine operations that generate excessive hydrocarbons and evaporative emissions. Additionally, carburetor based systems usually require high maintenance and are difficult to adjust for maximum efficiency.
Carburetor based systems also can be hard to start in certain conditions and are difficult to operate in normal use. The starting problem is particularly evident with small two cycle engines employed with edgers and blowers, for example, whose overall designs, normally of a rope pull nature, make starting the engines difficult, even when the fuel systems are fully functional.
To rectify some of the problems associated with carburetor based fuel delivery systems, a number of attempts have been made to design fuel management systems for the engines. These attempts usually have involved fuel injector based systems. Often, the fuel injection systems are simply scaled down versions of conventional automobile fuel injection technology. In addition, the application of the technology to relatively low cost hand-held implements has heretofore been hindered by the excessive costs associated with the fuel systems. To control the fuel delivery and fuel mixture in previously known fuel injector based systems, various timing and sensing components are required. This complexity has resulted in substantial cost, and merely adopting or scaling prior art solutions to the problem has not resulted in commercially viable systems for smaller applications. Certain prior art designs are directed at lowering costs. In particular, it is noted that United States Patent No. 6,343,596 ("the '596 patent" hereinafter), assigned to the assignee of the present invention, has achieved success in that regard. The '596 patent is incorporated herein by reference. As indicated, the '596 patent works well for its intended purpose, but is not adaptable to low cost, small hand-held two-cycle engines to which the present disclosure applies. While the '596 patent includes a microprocessor, a thermocouple, exhaust gas temperature sensor, and a fuel regulating valve installed in a low-pressure fuel delivery system between the fuel tank and the carburetor, the application of that technology to smaller engines is cost prohibitive in the form described in the '596 patent. In order to overcome the cost problems to which the
present disclosure is directed, a number of innovative designs were employed, as more fully described in the following specification and accompanying drawings. The designs include a low cost injector, which is shrunk in size to facilitate use in its intended application and a simplified method of adjusting the injector for mass projection. The carburetor of the prior art convention systems is replaced by a throttle body in which we have mounted an electronic control unit (ECU) which receives input from a throttle position sensor. The throttle body also has provisions for an intake air temperature sensor passage, a pump, a fuel pressure regulator, a diagnostic port and the injector described above. The fuel pressure regulator is adapted to provide a constant fuel pressure and allow for easy prime of the system at all times, with excess fuel being pushed or returned to the fuel tank through the throttle body.
In order to ignite the fuel provided by the operation of the fuel regulation system, an ignition module is provided in which a power generation and spark control advanced circuitry is integrated on the ignition module board. As indicated, the electronic controi unit is positioned on the throttle body, and variable spark advance is controlled through the electronic control unit. The ignition module includes the capability of providing additional DC power for battery charging, if desired. Finally, an adaptive algorithm based on speed of the engine, prime start and what is referred to hereinafter as smart choke positioning utilizes the electronic control unit to provide operational commands to this system. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One feature of this disclosure is a fuel system for a small internal combustion engine.
Another of the features of this disclosure is a low cost injector adaptable for use in low pressure electronic fuel injection systems on small hand-held two cycle engines.
Another feature of the disclosure is a throttle body which is designed for component integration and mounts an electronic control unit adapted to receive inputs from suitable sensors, a low pressure pump for providing pressurized fuel for the system, a fuel pressure regulator, and the injector for injecting fuel.
Another feature of the disclosure is a separate ignition module which provides power generation using a two-leg lamination stack.
Yet another feature of the disclosure is power generation and spark advance circuitry integrated on a single ignition module board. The ignition module, in the embodiment illustrated, provides variable spark advance controlled through the electronic control unit. The ignition module includes the capability of providing DC power for battery charging.
Still a further feature of the disclosure is the provision of a fuel pressure regulator integrated with the throttle body which includes a hand operated pump, the pump being actuated to provide low pressure fuel to the injector, purging air and providing primary pressure to the system. The fuel pressure regulator is employed in conjunction with the pump and the throttle body provides for a return of excess fuel to the fuel tank under certain operational conditions. Another feature of the disclosure is an adaptive algorithm relying primarily on rotational speed which quickly adjusts fuel duration provided to the engine so that engine speed quickly adjusts to conditions of use. A particular feature of the preferred embodiment is a use of a smart choke algorithm which adjusts timing in accordance with predetermined conditions.
Another feature of the disclosure is an improved method for determining top dead center (TDC) for firing a spark plug for the engine by utilizing a unique cycle recognition procedure.
Other features of the present disclosure illustratively described herein will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the disclosure as well as presently preferred embodiments thereof will become more apparent from the reading of the following description in connection with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings which form part of the specification:
Figure 1 is a view in perspective, partly broken away, of one illustrative hand-held implement engine in which the fuel system of present disclosure finds application; Figure 1a is a block diagram view of the fuel system employed with the embodiment of Figure 1 ;
Figure 2 is an exploded view in perspective of one illustrative embodiment of throttle body of the present disclosure illustrating the integration of various features in connection with the throttle body design; Figure 3 is a view in perspective of the throttle body assembly shown in Figure 2 in an assembled form;
Figure 4 is a view in perspective illustrating a portion of the Throttle control for the embodiment shown in Figure 2;
Figure 5 is a view in perspective showing the fuel pressure regulator assembly for the embodiment shown in Figure 2;
Figure 6 is a view in perspective of one illustrative embodiment of ignition module utilized in connection with the preferred embodiment of the system of the present disclosure;
Figure 7 in an enlarged view taken along the line 7-7 of Figure 6; Figure 8 is a view in perspective illustrating the lamination stack and the transformer assembly of the ignition module shown in Figure 6;
Figure 8a is a bottom plan view of the ignition module shown in Figure 8;
Figure 9 is a view in perspective, partly broken away, of one illustrative mounting position of the ignition module of Figure 6 with respect to the engine shown in Figure 1 ;
Figure 10 is a sectional view of one illustrative embodiment of injector employed with the fuel system of the present disclosure;
Figure 11 is an exploded view of the injector shown in Figure 10;
Figure 12 is an exploded view of the drive components for the injector shown in Figure 10;
Figure 13 is a assembled view in perspective of the drive components shown in Figure 12;
Figure 13a is an end view of the drive components shown in Figure 13;
Figure 14 is a sectional view taken along the line 14-14 in Figure 13a; Figure 14a is a sectional view similar to Figure 14 showing a second illustrative embodiment of the drive components shown in Figure 13;
Figure 15 is a flow chart showing operational parameters of the smart choke operation for the hand-held device shown in Figure 1 in which the present disclosure finds application; Figure 16 is a Block diagrammatic view of the Electronic control unit employed with the embodiment of Figure 1 ;
Figure 17 is a flow chart of an adaptive algorithm illustrating for controlling engine operation;
Figure 18 is a flow chart of a subroutine utilized in conjunction with Figure 17;
Figure 19 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the determination of cycle recognition detection and determination of top dead center of the present disclosure; and
Figure 20 is a flow chart for implementing the procedure of Figure 19.
Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several figures of the drawings. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The following detailed description illustrates the present disclosure by way of example and not by way of limitation. It should be understood that various aspects of the disclosure may be implemented individually or in combination with one another. The description clearly enables one skilled in the art to make and use the development which we believe to be new and unobvious, describes several embodiments, adaptations, variations, alternatives, and uses of the system, including what is presently believed to be the best mode of carrying out the inventive principles described in this specification. When describing elements or features and/or embodiments thereof, the articles "a", "an", "the", and "said" are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements or features. The terms "comprising", "including", and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements or features beyond those specifically described.
Referring to Figure 1 , reference numeral 1 indicates one illustrative embodiment of a hand-held two-cycle engine in which the preferred embodiment of this specification as described below finds application. As indicated above, the engine 1 finds general application in a variety of hand held tools, including by way of example and not of limitation, blowers, trimmers, and edgers among other products sold to the general public by a number of manufacturers under a variety of trademarks. Additional application of this technology can be applied readily to scooters and mopeds, for example.
In particular, the present disclosure is intended to replace a carburetor system of prior art devices, and to achieve that replacement within the overall design silhouette of the prior art product configurations. The engine 1 has an engine block 12 containing a piston 11 , and includes a
fly wheel 2 (Figure 9) attached to a crank shaft 7, which is initially operated by pulling on a handle 3 during engine start. Because of the unique features of the present disclosure, we have consistently operated the engine 1 utilizing one or two pulls on the handle 3 in order to achieve engine 1 starting status. The illustrative example of the device in which the engine 1 finds application includes a fuel tank 4 having a supply line 5 from and a return line 6 to the tank 4. The supply line 5 is operatively connected to a throttle body 10 and associated components, the integration of which is described in greater detail below. A block system diagram of one illustrative embodiment of fuel system 18 of the present disclosure is shown in simplified form in Figure 1a. In general, a low pressure fuel supply is provided, which includes the tank 4. The supply line 5 is connected to the tank 4 for supplying fuel to a fuel pump assembly 84b. The fuel pump 84b pumps fuel utilizing crankcase pulsations received through a crankcase pulse port 16 located in the throttle body 10. The pulsations are delivered to the pulse port 16 preferably through a passage created between the engine 1 and throttle body 10. The fuel is routed through the pump 84b by means of an inlet check valve 85 and an outlet check valve 85a. In the preferred embodiment illustrated, an air purge bulb or pump 8 is provided to purge excess air from the system and pressurize the fuel system. The purge pump 8 is connected to the system 18 by a check valve 63 which facilitates fluid movement through the system into a fuel pressure regulator assembly 20. The fuel pressure regulator assembly 20 comprises what is known in the art as a down stream fuel pressure regulator. While a down stream fuel pressure regulator is preferred, other embodiments may utilize an upstream regulator. In the embodiment shown, the fuel pressure regulator assembly 20 bleeds off excessive fluid when a predetermined pressure is overcome. When pressure is low, the regulator stops fuel flow from returning to the tank 4 until the pressure is greater than the set pressure. The fuel pressure
regulator 20, in the embodiment illustrated, includes a diaphragm 82, which is used to regulate fuel flow. The diaphragm 82 has a needle 88 associated with it. Depending upon pressure within the system, the fuel pressure regulator 20 returns excess fuel to the fuel tank 4. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art; other embodiments of the devices disclosed herein may not utilize the bulb 8 to prime the fuel system. The output side of the regulator assembly 20 is an input to a fuel injector 45. The injector 45 in turn supplies fuel to a combustion chamber 14 of a cylinder 15 for the engine 1 (see Fig. 9). An electronic control unit (ECU hereinafter) 42 is utilized to control operation of the fuel system 18 shown in Figure 1a. In general terms, an ignition module 40 is associated with the fly wheel 2 for the purposes described in greater detail below. In any event, the ignition module 40 provides power to the ECU 42 and the ECU 42 preferably controls the operation of the injector 45 and spark timing and consequentially the ignition and the fuel in the chamber 14 based on a number of parameters discussed below. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the general over all engine operation for hand held devices powered by internal combustion engines is well know in the art. The inventive principles of the present disclosure are how this operation is accomplished in minimal space requirements, reliably over the life of the engine 1 , and at a cost competitive with present carburetor designs of the prior art. We accomplish this with an integrated approach. Portions of the fuel system 18 described above are integrated within the throttle body 10, as indicated generally by the dashed line 10a of Fig. 1 a. Referring now to Figure 2, the throttle body 10 of the preferred embodiment includes a housing 100 adapted to have a plurality of components attached to it. As indicated, the integration of the throttle body is an important feature of this disclosure, in that it permits substitution of the fuel system 18 described herein for prior art carburetor type systems with little modification of the overall product
configuration in which the system described herein finds application. The throttle body housing 100 of the throttle body 10 is preferably constructed of a plastic material; however other materials such as aluminum, for example, may be employed in various embodiments of the disclosure. The housing 100 of the throttle body 10 has the electronic control unit (ECU) 42, pump assembly 84b, a primer assembly 29, the fuel injector assembly 45, a throttle assembly 13, and the fuel pressure regulator assembly 20 all mounted to it. If desired, these components all can be pre assembled to the throttle body 10, and the overall assembly then attached to the engine 1. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the throttle body 10 has a number of internally arranged passages formed in it, which together with the various components described herein, are adapted to control fuel flow among the various components and primarily to the combustion chamber 14 for operating the engine 1. The passages include an intake air temperature sensor passage which permits the air temperature sensor 167 mounted to a circuit board 60 of the ECU 42 to ascertain intake air temperature reliably. While a particular design shape is illustrated for the housing 100 of the throttle body 10, other design silhouettes may be used, if desired. Referring to Figures 10 - 14, the injector assembly 45 is shown in greater detail. As there shown, the injector assembly includes a coil winding 43, which is wound or otherwise positioned on a core 34. The core 34/coil 43 combination is inserted into a motor can 30. The motor can 30 is generally cylindrical in shape, having an axial opening formed in it which is sized to receive the core 34/coil 43 combination in a conventional manner. In the embodiments illustrated in Figures 14 and 14a, for example, the relationship between the coil winding 43, the core 34 and the motor can 30 is fixed in position by a suitable epoxy adhesive indicated generally at 28, for example. The difference in the constructions shown in Figures 14 and 14a is that the embodiment of Figure 14 employs a flux ring 27 along an
end 26 of the motor can 30. As shown in Figure 14, the ring 27 is integrally formed with the motor can 30, although a separate ring may be used, if desired. As shown in Figure 14a, some embodiments of the disclosure may eliminate the use of the ring 27. The motor can 30 also has an external wall 31 defining a shoulder 32 adapted to receive an o-ring 38. The wall 31 also has a plurality of threads 57 formed in it, which permits the motor can 30 to be mounted into an upper body 25 of the injector assembly 45.
The upper body 25 of the injector 45 also is a generally cylindrical shape having a wall 58 defining an axial opening sized to receive the motor can 30 along an internally threaded section 48. The upper body 25 additionally has an externally threaded section 59 which functions to attach a lower body 33 to the upper body 25. In the preferred embodiment, the attachment of the upper body 25 and the lower body 33 is fixed, in addition to the threaded connection 59, by a suitable epoxy adhesive or the like so that the lower and upper bodies are not movable in relationship to one another in the assembled relationship of the injector 45. Other interconnection methods will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
The lower body 33 generally is cylindrical in shape, in the embodiment illustrated, and has a pair of fuel inlets 39, and an integral fuel rail 104 operatively associated with an outlet 105. The fuel rail 104 and associated inlets 39 enable the injector 45 to be installed into an Injector bore 165 of the throttle body 10 (Fig.2) such that the injector 45 can be mounted in the injector bore 165 in random rotated positions during assembly. This arrangement provides consistent fuel flow to the outlet 105 during operation of the injector 45. Other design shapes for the injector may be employed if desired. A valve pin 46 is positioned to close the outlet 105 or open it depending upon operating conditions imposed on the pin 46. A spring 44 is positioned on the pin 46. The spring 44 is trapped between
the lower body 33 and the upper body 25 in a fashion that urges the pin 46 towards a closed position with respect to the outlet 105.
The spring 44 preferably is a flat spring. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other spring types may be employed, if the size of injector 45 is not an overriding consideration. As indicated, the motor can 30 is sized to fit within the upper body 25 and the threads 57/48 are designed for adjusting the travel of the valve pin 46 and spring 44. This is an important feature of the disclosure in that assembly of the injector can be automated in the manufacturing process. For example, the motor can 30 and Pin 46 can be adjusted with respect to one another by means of the internal threaded section 48 to define a first position (closed), and then the motor can 30 may be physically backed off (opened) from the first position to define both a second position and the distance of travel for the pin 46. Consequently, robotic operators, if desired, can easily automate assembly of the injector in production. In the embodiment illustrated, the injector 45 is capable of delivering 5mm λ 3 of fuel in less than 4mS at an engine 1 speed of 12,500 RPM. It also is important to note that the core 34 and coil winding 43 of the injector is in an unimpeded (i.e. direct) coupling relationship with the pin 46, regardless of the embodiment, i.e., Figure 14 or Figure 14a, is utilized, which is believed to aid substantially in enabling the injector to achieve the operational characteristics described.
The ECU 42 controls operation of the fuel system 18 and consequently of the engine 1. Referring now to Figures 2 and 16, it may be observed that component parts of the ECU are mounted on the board 60, which in turn is protected by a cover 23. The ECU itself is mounted to the throttle body 10 by any convenient method. Conventional threaded fasteners 102 work well, for example. Other attachment methods may be employed if desired. The ECU 42 is a low cost integrated solution to control the fuel injection system for 2-cycle engines electronically. The ECU 42 includes an electronic circuit assembly containing a microprocessor 160
having associated with it a non-volatile memory for algorithm and fuel map storage, a plurality of signal conditioning circuits 161 , at least one ignition drive circuit 166, an optional communication port 50 and a valve drive circuit 162. Other components of the system include a fuel injection valve control 163, a throttle position sensor 164, and miscellaneous sensors for monitoring engine performance, of which the throttle position sensor 164 and an intake air temperature sensor 167 are mounted on the board 60.
Among the features present in the preferred embodiment are a micro processor based platform for insuring consistent fuel delivery regulation, a solid state fuel delivery system synchronous with ignition, optional field upgradeable firmware and operational software (map). It is also here noted that the cover 23 provides a connection port 55 permitting the electrical interconnection of the ECU 42 and the ignition module 40 as later described in detail. The fuel supply line 5 is adapted to be connected to a fuel inlet 61 from which fuel passes through the pump assembly 84b. A primer assembly 29 is connected to the outlet of pump 84b where fuel can be drawn into primer bulb 8 of primer assembly 29. The fuel is directed through the pump 84b and into and out of the primer assembly 29 via check valves 85, 85a and 63, identified for the purposes of this specification as the pump inlet check valve 85, the pump outlet check valve 85a and the purger outlet check valve 63. Preferably check valves 85 and 85a are arranged in the same direction so as to only pass fuel to the fuel pressure regulator 81. Additionally the primer assembly 29 has an outlet port and associated check valve 63 which also serves as an inlet check valve for the regulator assembly 20.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, the outlet port check valve 63 permits fuel to enter and pass through passages in the throttle housing 100 and a fuel pump cover 67 which in this embodiment has a throttle adjustment screw 86 associated with it. Fuel passing through the check
valve 63 also passes through a filter 62 and into the fuel pressure regulator assembly 20 which manages the desired fuel pressure by means of the spring loaded diaphragm 82. As indicated above, the throttle body 10 includes the return line 6 to the tank 4 so that the fuel once pressurized by means of the fuel pump 84b and/or purger assembly 29 and above the desired set point pressure can be relieved and returned to the tank 4 so that constant fuel pressure is maintained.
The fuel pressure regulator 20 also is mounted to the throttle body 10 and includes the diaphragm 82 having the needle 88 mounted to the diaphragm whereby said needle is positioned (normally closed) against an outlet 93 of the fuel pressure regulator 20 by adjustable tension provided to a spring 91 and an adjuster screw 92.
The throttle assembly 13 includes a throttle plate 9, a spring return 153 and a throttle shaft 90 which are mounted in suitable position in the throttle body 10 to provide additional control of airflow to the engine via throttle position. Throttle position may be adjustable by a user, for example. The shaft 90 extents through the throttle body housing 100 and through the ECU board 60 where it transfers rotational angles to throttle position sensor 164 which is mounted to the board 60. The throttle position sensor 164 enables the ECU 42 to determine throttle position directly.
Referring now to Figures 6 thru 8, the present disclosure utilizes the ignition module 40 for its operation. In the preferred embodiment illustrated, the ignition module 40 includes an ignition core 120 having a lamination stack 121. Lamination stack 121 is generally a U shape configuration having a first leg 121a and a second leg 121 b. The leg 121 a has a power generation coil assembly 129 associated with it, while the leg 121 b has a transformer assembly 123 mounted to it. The power generation coil assembly 129 has a pair of electrical wires 110 and 111 extending from it to a circuit board assembly 122. The transformer assembly 123 mounted on the leg 121 b has four wires 124, 125, 126 and 127 respectively
extending from the transformer assembly 123 to the circuit board assembly 122 and a connection 150 for electrically connection the ignition module 40 to a spark plug 146 for the engine 1.
The circuit board assembly 122 has components associated with it for providing information to the ECU 42 for controlling the ignition spark for igniting the fuel in the chamber 14 provided by the injector 45 located in throttle body 10. The output of the circuit board assembly 122 includes a power lead 130, a ground lead 131 , a coil trigger lead 132 and a spark advance lead 133, which terminate in a terminal housing 135. The terminal housing 135 is connected to the ECU 42 at port 55.
The ignition module 40 is mounted in operational relationship with the fly wheel 2 of the engine 1. As illustratively shown in Figure 9, the fly wheel 2 has a plurality of ignition magnets (not shown) associated with it, which magnetically interact with the ignition module 40 to provide power to energize the transformer 123 and power generation coil 129.
The transformer 123 supplies spark energy through spark plug wire connection 150 and supplies the timing reference to the system of the disclosure to control operation of the engine 1. The timing reference is utilized by the ECU 42 for advancing or decreasing the spark angle and fuel injection angle depending upon predetermined conditions. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, spark angle refers to the determination of the location of spark trigger based on predetermined conditions for causing ignition of the fuel air mixture in the associated combustion chamber 14. Also as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, injection angle refers to the determination of the location of injection based on predetermined conditions for causing ignition of the fuel air mixture in the associated combustion chamber 14.
The power generation coil 129 provides power to the ECU 42 by means of terminal connection 135 for both start and run operation. The system is designed to start without the use of a battery by pulling the
handle 3 which will generates sufficient power through the power generation coil 129 to initiate the smart choke subroutine described below.
In operation, the ignition module 40 is electrically connected to the ECU 42. As indicated above, the fly wheel 2 associated with the engine 1 has one or more ignition magnets mounted to it. As the fly wheel rotates, each time a magnet passes the first leg 121a and the second leg 122b, the ignition module 40 provides an electrical indication of that fact to the ECU 42. Based on the information provided, the ECU 42 determines the crank angle position of the engine 1 in a simplified manner without complex crank angle position sensors utilized in the prior art.
The operation of the system is designed to be essentially owner proof. That is to say, the system will take what ever mismanagement of the fuel system that an owner might impose on it and still operate properly. The use of an ECU 42 and ignition module 40 with an engine such as that described above requires some delay before the ECU 42 is fully operational. To overcome this problem, the system of this disclosure uses a two-stage power start up, referred to herein as the smart choke and the run algorithms. Normally, the engine 1 is designed to start with one or two pulls of the handle 3. Because the fuel system is pressurized prior to pulling the handle 3, producing spark from the ignition module 40 permits the engine 1 to fire even though the ECU is not fully operational. At start up when the handle 3 is pulled, power is generated by the power generation circuit of the ignition module 40 which energizes the ECU 42. The ECU 42 at that time reads all available sensors and determines from a preset lookup table what fuel requirements are suitable for the starting environment. That fuel requirement is applied to the injector. This process is accomplished while the ECU continues to full power up and switches to the run algorithm.
The smart choke algorithm for operating the ECU 42 and ignition module 40 in this manner is shown in Figure 15. In the preferred
embodiment shown, the ECU 42 receives a number of sensor inputs, depending on the amount of control required or desired for the engine 1. As shown in Figure 16, the illustrative embodiment utilizes the throttle position sensor 164, the intake air temperature sensor 167 and an engine temperature sensor 168 to control the amount of fuel delivered to the engine 1. Again, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, fewer or additional sensors may be employed, if desired. As Figure 15 illustrates, as temperature increase, the time the injector is opened is decreased.
The smart choke flow chart shown in Figure 15 is called up only on power up of the engine 1 , and expires upon the completion of the system power up and initialization. However, this time sequence is sufficient for the ECU 42 to become operational, and once operational, the ECU takes control of engine 1 operation.
More specifically after start up, the ECU receives two ignition pulses per rotation of the fly wheel 2, as illustratively show in Figure 19. The pulses correlate with the flywheel magnets passing the respective legs 121a and 121 b of the ignition module 40. By using the first pulse of the rotation cycle, the ECU 42 can easily determine top dead center for the cylinder. The cycle recognition routine set out in Figure 20 ensures that the ECU selects the first pulse which provides an accurate TDC reference. The operation automatically rejects any false pulse triggers, for example, interference caused by the spark plug firing and thereby preserves the accuracy of the reference. The operation relies on the fact that the magnets on the flywheel conventionally are located approximately forty (40) degrees apart, which corresponds to the minimum timing interval between the ignition pulses (pluses 1 and 2 in Figure 19). The longer timing interval thereby equates to approximately three hundred twenty (320) degrees (distance between pulse 2 and 3 in Figure 19). If there were no intervening pulses, i.e., like a spark plug firing, the ECU 42 could just detect the pulse following the longer time interval. One method to eliminate the problem of
false pulses is to add noise filters to filter out the false readings. Some embodiments of the disclosure may incorporate the additional hardware used for this purpose.
In the preferred embodiment, however, the ECU 42 is configured to determine the proper pulse without utilizing additional hardware. As illustratively shown in Figure 20, the ECU 42 keeps track of the previous two intervals and determines the longer of the two intervals (pulsesi , 2 and pulses 2, 3) and divides the longer interval by two. The division by two was chosen to accommodate acceleration of the engine 1 and insures that the next proper interval between pulses must exceed the previous reference interval. Other denominators may be employed, if desired. In any event, the next proper interval then is divided by 2 and becomes the "new" reference interval. Consequently, regardless of whether extraneous noise is present, the method guarantees that if the subsequent interval between pulses exceeds the previously determined threshold, the proper reference pulse had been detected.
The ECU 42 also operates in a manner to insure the engine 1 always operates at its best performance level regardless of operating conditions. This is accomplished through an adaptive algorithm. The algorithm is broken down into two routines, idle and run. The idle routine is similar to the original method disclosed in the '596 patent incorporated herein by reference, but is utilized in the present disclosure to maintain an rpm value instead of an exhaust gas temperature. This is done by determining the engine's desired idle RPM and then hunting to achieve the idle RPM. In this manner the engine can make up for more manufacturing variables and still provide a constant idle speed. The run flow chart shown in Figure17, which utilizes the subroutine shown in Figure 18 to adjust fuel flow to achieve best engine performance is know in the art as lean best power. This occurs when the system maximizes the RPM by continuously hunting for the highest RPM for all operating conditions for the engine 1.
The system of the present disclosure differs from the operation disclosed in the '596 patent in that the need for exhaust gas temperature measurement was replaced with rpm measurement to lower the number of sensors required. In addition, hunting for maximum exhaust gas temperature does not provide maximum engine power, whereas hunting for highest RPM produces the maximum engine power for the least amount of fuel consumed, which as indicated above constitutes the operating condition known in the art as lean best power. The basic operation of the idle hunting begins with the determination of an rpm set point. This is typically the designed idle rpm; in this case, is chosen as 3,000 rpm. Once the engine is running and out of choke mode, the idle hunting routine is activated. This routine reads the rpm and determines if it is higher or lower than the preset rpm. If for example it is higher, the unit will increase the fuel through the injector to slow the engine down. In this manner as the engine wears, the ECU can adapt for such wear. The run routine is designed to maximize engine RPM, this occurs like the idle, but only when the engine is not idling. The engine begins a hunt step based on determining an average RPM and comparing it with the previous average rpm. Using this method enables the ECU 42 to determine more accurately what the effects of the last adjustment made had on the operation of the engine. For example, the engine will always begin hunting by decrementing fuel. The next operation taken will be determined from determining whether the engine RPM increased or decreased. If the engine decreased for example, then the system will do the opposite or increase fuel in this example. In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results are obtained. As various changes could be made in the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. Merely by
way of example and not of limitation, those skilled in the art will recognize the various components maybe substituted for the preferred components described. For example, check valves may be used in place of the fuel pressure regulator described. The design silhouette of the components shown in the drawings may vary in other embodiments of the invention. As indicated, aspects of the disclosure may find use in other applications of a related nature. For example, motor scooters and mopeds have engines which may successfully incorporate the inventive principles discussed above. These variations are merely illustrative.
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