Field The present application relates to spatial audio signal processing, and in particular, but not exclusively to spatial audio signal processing for use in portable apparatus.

Background

Modern electronic devices enable the user to consume multiple sources of audio and visual content at the same time. Mobile phones for example can be configured to record audio signals using the microphone, video images using the camera, receive real time audio signals and/or audio video streams via a wireless communications network, and replay or recover audio signals and/or audio visual data stored on the apparatus for example on a micro SD card or internal memory of the apparatus. Furthermore it is possible to consume (view/ listen to) these multiple sources of audio and visual content at the same time and enable the user to switch or focus on one using the user interface. Thus for example a user can switch between a music MP3 audio stream stored on the apparatus and a streamed television programme received via the wireless network using the user interface to switch between the two sources.

Summary

Embodiments attempt to address the above problem.

There is provided according to a first aspect a method comprising: analysing at least one input to determine one or more expression within the at least one input; and controlling at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression. Controlling the at least one audio signal may comprise at least one of: volume processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; spatial processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; pausing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; closing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; and playing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression.

Spatial processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression may comprise spatial processing to the foreground the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input.

The method may further comprise spatial processing to the background at least one further audio signal dependent on the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input.

Spatial processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression may comprise: generating a head related transfer function associated with the at least one audio signal wherein the head related transfer function is dependent on determining the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input; and applying the head related transfer function to the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input.

Volume processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on determination of the one or more expression may comprise volume processing to the foreground the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input. The method may further comprise volume processing to the background at least one further audio signal dependent on determining the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input.

Volume processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression may comprise: generating a volume level associated with the at least one audio signal wherein the volume level is dependent on determining the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input; and applying the volume level to the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input.

Analysing at least one input to determine the one or more expression within the at least input may comprise at least one of: audio signal analysing to determine an audio expression when the at least one input is an audio signal; text signal analysing to determine a text expression when the at least one input is a text input; data signal analysing to determine a data expression when the at least one input is a data input; image signal analysing to determine an image expression when the at least one input is an image input; and video signal analysing to determine a video expression when the at least one input is a video input.

Analysing at least one input to determine the one or more expression within the at least input comprises at least one of: hidden Markov model analysing; pattern detection analysing; dynamic time warping speech recognition analysing; neural network pattern recognition analysing; maximum entropy Markov model analysing; Bayesian network analysing; tonal analysing; and beat pattern analysing. The method may further comprise selecting the one or more expression to be analysed for. The method may further comprise generating the one or more expression to be analysed for.

Generating the one or more expression may comprise: selecting at least one input; selecting a portion of the at least one input; and generating the one or more expression dependent on the portion of the at least one input.

The at least one input may comprise at least one of: an audio signal; a text input; a data input; an image input; and a video input. The method may further comprise receiving the at least one input from at least one of: a memory configured to store a pre-recorded or downloaded file; a transceiver; a receiver configured to receive a transmitted signal; at least one microphone configured to generate a signal based on a sound field surrounding an apparatus; and a sensor configured to generate a signal dependent on a characteristic of an apparatus.

The one or more expression may comprise at least one of: at least one phoneme; a defined musical note sequence; a defined image; an image component defined movement; a defined text expression; a defined data expression; a defined silence period; a defined click; a defined noise burst; and a defined hand clap.

The method may further comprise receiving at least two audio signals, wherein at least one of the at least two audio signals is the at least one input analysed to determine the expression within the at least one input. The method may further comprise controlling the at least one audio signal, the at least one audio signal being independent of the at least one input, wherein the controlling is dependent on the determining the expression within the at least one input.

According to a second aspect there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code configured to with the at least one processor cause the apparatus to at least perform: analysing at least one input to determine one or more expression within the at least one input; and controlling at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression.

Controlling the at least one audio signal may cause the apparatus to perform at least one of: volume processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; spatial processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; pausing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; closing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; and playing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression.

Spatial processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression may cause the apparatus to perform spatial processing to the foreground the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input. The apparatus may further perform spatial processing to the background at least one further audio signal dependent on the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input. Spatial processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression may cause the apparatus to perform: generating a head related transfer function associated with the at least one audio signal wherein the head related transfer function is dependent on determining the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input; and applying the head related transfer function to the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input.

Volume processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on determination of the one or more expression may cause the apparatus to perform volume processing to the foreground the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input. The apparatus may further be caused to perform volume processing to the background at least one further audio signal dependent on determining the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input. Volume processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression may cause the apparatus to perform: generating a volume level associated with the at least one audio signal wherein the volume level is dependent on determining the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input; and applying the volume level to the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input. Analysing at least one input to determine the one or more expression within the at least input may cause the apparatus to perform at least one of: audio signal analysing to determine an audio expression when the at least one input is an audio signal; text signal analysing to determine a text expression when the at least one input is a text input; data signal analysing to determine a data expression when the at least one input is a data input; image signal analysing to determine an image expression when the at least one input is an image input; and video signal analysing to determine a video expression when the at least one input is a video input.

Analysing at least one input to determine the one or more expression within the at least input may cause the apparatus to perform at least one of: hidden Markov model analysing; pattern detection analysing; dynamic time warping speech recognition analysing; neural network pattern recognition analysing; maximum entropy Markov model analysing; Bayesian network analysing; tonal analysing; and beat pattern analysing.

The apparatus may further perform selecting the one or more expression to be analysed for.

The apparatus may further perform generating the one or more expression to be analysed for.

Generating the one or more expression may cause the apparatus to perform: selecting at least one input; selecting a portion of the at least one input; and generating the one or more expression dependent on the portion of the at least one input.

The at least one input may comprise at least one of: an audio signal; a text input; a data input; an image input; and a video input. The apparatus may further perform receiving the at least one input from at least one of: a memory configured to store a pre-recorded or downloaded file; a transceiver; a receiver configured to receive a transmitted signal; at least one microphone configured to generate a signal based on a sound field surrounding the apparatus; and a sensor configured to generate a signal dependent on a characteristic of an apparatus.

The one or more expression may comprise at least one of: at least one phoneme; a defined musical note sequence; a defined image; an image component defined movement; a defined text expression; a defined data expression; a defined silence period; a defined click; a defined noise burst; and a defined hand clap.

The apparatus may further perform receiving at least two audio signals, wherein at least one of the at least two audio signals is the at least one input analysed to determine the expression within the at least one input.

The apparatus may further perform controlling the at least one audio signal, the at least one audio signal being independent of the at least one input, wherein the controlling is dependent on the determining the expression within the at least one input.

According to a third aspect there is provided an apparatus comprising: means for analysing at least one input to determine one or more expression within the at least one input; and means for controlling at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression.

The means for controlling the at least one audio signal may comprise at least one of: means for volume processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; means for spatial processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; means for pausing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; means for closing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; and means for playing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression. The means for spatial processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression may comprises means for spatial processing to the foreground the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input.

The apparatus may further comprise means for spatial processing to the background at least one further audio signal dependent on the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input.

The means for spatial processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression may comprise: means for generating a head related transfer function associated with the at least one audio signal wherein the head related transfer function is dependent on determining the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input; and means for applying the head related transfer function to the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input. The means for volume processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on determination of the one or more expression may comprise means for volume processing to the foreground the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input. The apparatus may comprise means for volume processing to the background at least one further audio signal dependent on determining the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input.

The means for volume processing the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression may comprise: means for generating a volume level associated with the at least one audio signal wherein the volume level is dependent on determining the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input; and means for applying the volume level to the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input.

The means for analysing at least one input to determine the one or more expression within the at least input may comprise at least one of: means for audio signal analysing to determine an audio expression when the at least one input is an audio signal; means for text signal analysing to determine a text expression when the at least one input is a text input; means for data signal analysing to determine a data expression when the at least one input is a data input; means for image signal analysing to determine an image expression when the at least one input is an image input; and means for video signal analysing to determine a video expression when the at least one input is a video input.

The means for analysing at least one input to determine the one or more expression within the at least input may comprise at least one of: means for hidden Markov model analysing; means for pattern detection analysing; means for dynamic time warping speech recognition analysing; means for neural network pattern recognition analysing; means for maximum entropy Markov model analysing; means for Bayesian network analysing; means for tonal analysing; and means for beat pattern analysing.

The apparatus may further comprise means for selecting the one or more expression to be analysed for.

The apparatus may further comprise means for generating the one or more expression to be analysed for. The means for generating the one or more expression may comprise: means for selecting at least one input; means for selecting a portion of the at least one input; and means for generating the one or more expression dependent on the portion of the at least one input. The at least one input may comprise at least one of: an audio signal; a text input; a data input; an image input; and a video input.

The apparatus may further comprise means for receiving the at least one input from at least one of: a memory configured to store a pre-recorded or downloaded file; a transceiver; a receiver configured to receive a transmitted signal; at least one microphone configured to generate a signal based on a sound field surrounding the apparatus; and a sensor configured to generate a signal dependent on a characteristic of an apparatus. The one or more expression may comprise at least one of: at least one phoneme; a defined musical note sequence; a defined image; an image component defined movement; a defined text expression; a defined data expression; a defined silence period; a defined click; a defined noise burst; and a defined hand clap. The apparatus may further comprise means for receiving at least two audio signals, wherein at least one of the at least two audio signals is the at least one input analysed to determine the expression within the at least one input, The apparatus may further comprise means for controlling the at least one audio signal, the at least one audio signal being independent of the at least one input, wherein the means for controlling is dependent on the determining the expression within the at least one input. According to a fourth aspect there is provided an apparatus comprising: an analyser configured to analyse at least one input to determine one or more expression within the at least one input; and a controller configured to control at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression,

The controller may comprise at least one of: a volume controller configured to volume process the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; a spatial controller configured to spatially process the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; a pause controller configured to pause the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; a close controller configured to close the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression; and a play controller configured to play the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression.

The spatial controller may be configured to spatial process to the foreground the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input. The spatial controller may be configured to spatial process to the background at least one further audio signal dependent on the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input.

The spatial controller may comprise: a transfer function generator configured to generate a head related transfer function associated with the at least one audio signal wherein the head related transfer function is dependent on determining the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input; and a function applier configured to apply the head related transfer function to the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input.

The volume controller may be configured to volume process to the foreground the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input.

The volume controller may be configured to volume process to the background at least one further audio signal dependent on determining the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input.

The volume controller may comprise: a volume level generator configured to generate a volume level associated with the at least one audio signal wherein the volume level is dependent on determining the determination of the one or more expression within the associated at least one input; and an amplifier configure to apply the volume level to the at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input.

The analyser may comprise at least one of: an audio analyser configured to determine an audio expression when the at least one input is an audio signal; a text analyser configured to determine a text expression when the at least one input is a text input; a data analyser configured to determine a data expression when the at least one input is a data input; an image analyser configured to determine an image expression when the at least one input is an image input; and a video analyser configured to determine a video expression when the at least one input is a video input.

The analyser may comprise at least one of: a hidden Markov model analyser; a pattern detection analyser; a dynamic time warping speech recognition analyser; a neural network pattern recognition analyser; a maximum entropy Markov model analyser; a Bayesian network analyser; a tonal analyser; and a beat pattern analyser.

The apparatus may further comprise a controller configured to select the one or more expression to be analysed for. The apparatus may further comprise a learning module configured to generate the one or more expression to be analysed for.

The learning module may comprise: a selector configured to select at least one input; a parser configured to select a portion of the at least one input; and generator configured to generate the one or more expression dependent on the portion of the at least one input.

The at least one input may comprise at least one of: an audio signal; a text input; a data input; an image input; and a video input.

The apparatus may further comprise an input receiver configured to receive the at least one input from at least one of: a memory configured to store a prerecorded or downloaded file; a transceiver; a receiver configured to receive a transmitted signal; at least one microphone configured to generate a signal based on a sound field surrounding the apparatus; and a sensor configured to generate a signal dependent on a characteristic of an apparatus. The one or more expression may comprise at least one of: at least one phoneme; a defined musical note sequence; a defined image; an image component defined movement; a defined text expression; a defined data expression; a defined silence period; a defined click; a defined noise burst; and a defined hand clap.

The apparatus may further be configured to receive at least two audio signals, wherein at least one of the at least two audio signals is the at least one input analysed to determine the expression within the at least one input.

The controller may be configured to control the at least one audio signal, the at least one audio signal being independent of the at least one input, wherein the controller is dependent on the determining the expression within the at least one input.

An electronic device may comprise apparatus as described above.

A chipset may comprise apparatus as described above. Brief Description of Drawings

For better understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made by way of example to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 shows schematically an electronic device employing some embodiments of the application;

Figure 2 shows schematically on example overview expression controlled audio signal processor according to some embodiments;

Figure 3 shows schematically the expression controlled audio signal processing apparatus with respect to audio signal inputs according to some embodiments;

Figure 4 shows schematically the expression controlled audio processing apparatus with respect to the learning module according to some embodiments; Figure 5 shows schematically the operation of the learning module of the expression controlled audio processing apparatus according to some embodiments;

Figure 6 shows schematically the operation of the expression controlled audio processing apparatus with respect to audio signal inputs as shown in Figure 3 according to some embodiments; and

Figure 7 shows schematically the operation of the expression controlled audio processing apparatus with respect to audio and audio-visual inputs as shown in Figure 2 according to some embodiments.

Description of Some Embodiments

The following describes possible spatial and volume audio signal processing for use in audio signal presentation or audio-visual signal presentation. In this regard reference is first made to Figure 1 which shows a schematic block diagram of an exemplary electronic device or apparatus 10, which may incorporate a keyword or expression controlled audio signal processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the application. The apparatus 10 may for example be a mobile terminal or user equipment of a wireless communication system. In other embodiments the apparatus 10 may be an audio-video device such as video camera, a Television (TV) receiver, audio recorder or audio player such as a mp3 recorder/player, a media recorder (also known as a mp4 recorder/player), or any computer suitable for the processing of audio signals.

The electronic device or apparatus 10 in some embodiments comprises a microphone 1 1 , which is linked via an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) 14 to a processor 21. The processor 21 is further linked via a digital-to-analogue (DAC) converter 32 to loudspeakers 33. The processor 21 is further linked to a transceiver (RX/TX) 13, to a user interface (Ul) 15 and to a memory 22. In some embodiments the apparatus comprises a processor 21. The processor 21 can in some embodiments be configured to execute various program codes. The implemented program codes in some embodiments comprise expression or keyword controlled audio signal processing code as described herein.

In some embodiments the apparatus comprises a memory or memories 22. The memory or memories 22 can in some embodiments comprise a data section 24 and a program code section 23. The implemented program codes can in some embodiments be stored for example in the memory 22 and specifically the program code section 23 for retrieval by the processor 21 whenever needed. The memory 22 data section 24 can be configured for storing data, for example data that has been processed in accordance with the application.

The expression controlled audio processing code in some embodiments can be implemented in hardware or firmware.

In some embodiments the apparatus comprises a user interface 15. The user interface 15 enables a user to input commands to the electronic device 10, for example via a keypad, and/or to obtain information from the electronic device 10, for example via a display. In some embodiments a touch screen may provide both input and output functions for the user interface.

The apparatus 10 in some embodiments comprises a transceiver 13 suitable for enabling communication with other apparatus, for example via a wireless communication network.

It is to be understood again that the structure of the apparatus 10 could be supplemented and varied in many ways.

The apparatus 10 for example can use the microphone 1 1 (which in some embodiments can be a microphone array) for inputting speech or other audio signals that are to be processed or are to be stored in the data section 24 of the memory 22.

The analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) 14 in some embodiments converts the input analogue audio signal into a digital audio signal and provides the digital audio signal to the processor 21. In some embodiments the microphone 1 1 can comprise an integrated microphone and ADC function and provide digital audio signals directly to the processor for processing. The processor 21 in such embodiments then processes the digital audio signal according to the embodiments described herein.

The resulting processed audio bit stream can in some embodiments can be output "live" or stored or "received" in the data section 24 of the memory 22, for instance for a later transmission or for a later presentation by the same apparatus 10.

The apparatus 10 in some embodiments can also receive further audio signal input or video signal inputs via the transceiver 13. In this example, the processor 21 can execute expression or keyword controlled audio signal processing program code stored in the memory 22. The processor 21 in such embodiments processes the received data according to some embodiments as described herein. Furthermore in some embodiments the apparatus 10 can be configured to process audio signal or video signals retrieved or recovered from the memory 22, and specifically the data section 24 of the memory 22.

Furthermore the processor 21 in some embodiments can be configured to provide the processed audio signal output formed from processing (or mixing and spatialising) the audio signals received from external apparatus, the audio signals generate by the apparatus, and the audio signals recovered from memory to a digital-to-analogue converter 32. The digital-to-analogue converter 32 can be configured to convert the processed output audio signal into analogue audio data and can in some embodiments output the analogue audio via the loudspeakers 33. It would be understood that in some embodiments the loudspeakers can be replaced or implemented as earpieces, headphones, headsets or any suitable acoustic transducer configured to generate an acoustic waves.

Execution of the processing program code in some embodiments can be triggered by an application called by the user via the user interface 15.

In some embodiments the apparatus comprises a camera or video image capturing apparatus configured to capture video or image data which can be used as an input for the expression (keyword) controlled audio signal processor according to the embodiments as described herein.

It would be appreciated that the schematic structures described in Figures 2 and 4 and the method or operation steps shown in Figures 3, 5, 6 and 7 represent only a part of the operation of an apparatus and specifically expression or keyword controlled (spatial) audio signal processing apparatus or methods as exemplarily shown implemented in the apparatus shown in Figure 1.

As discussed herein electronic devices or apparatus according to some embodiments can be configured to consume multiple sources of audio and/or audio-visual content at the same time and be configured to focus or display one on a switchable basis when something interesting occurs during one of the source inputs. Switching from one content source to another as discussed herein typically has required the user to interact with the apparatus. For example switching from a first content source such as a music (MP3) audio stream, to another content source such as a, TV programme requires the user to physically interact with the display. This interaction with the user interface can be in some circumstances difficult or awkward, for example requiring the user to open or unlock the apparatus before switching sources. Furthermore in some circumstances switching source can be impossible or illegal for example attempting to switch sources while driving.

In embodiments as described herein the apparatus can be configured to control changing the volume of audio signals or signal processing such as spatialisation of the audio signals (or sources) depending on determining specific expressions, also called keywords or finger-prints, such as, 'audio expressions', or 'visual expressions' or 'text input expressions' in audio or visual sources.

For example in some embodiments the apparatus can be configured to retrieve from memory and output a music audio signal stream and a recorded news broadcast audio signal stream at the same time. In these embodiments the apparatus can initially be configured to process the audio signals such that the music audio signal is in the "foreground", in other words with a higher volume and spatially located to the front or side of the listener and the news broadcast audio signal is in the "background", in other words with a lower or softer volume and spatially located to the rear of the listener, furthermore the apparatus can be configured to determine when the news broadcast audio signal mentions a defined expression (keyword) for an interesting topic. The apparatus signal processing for the news broadcast audio signal having detected the expression or keyword can be configured to control an audio mixer such that the music audio signal is moved to the background, (volume and/or spatially) and the news broadcast audio signal is moved to the foreground (spatially and/or in volume). Furthermore although as described herein the controlling of the audio signal with respect to the detection of the expression from an input is an audio signal processing, such as spatial signal processing or volume signal processing, it would be understood that in some embodiments any suitable audio signal processing or audio control can be implemented dependent on determining the expression from or within the associated input. For example the control operations performed on the audio signals can be initialising or playing an audio signal, pausing an audio signal, switching between audio signals and stopping an audio signal. As described herein in some embodiments the input can be a "live" audio signal source for example where the audio signal source input is captured from the location where the user is positioned. For example in some embodiments the microphone of the apparatus can generate the audio source signal. The apparatus in such embodiments can be configured to analyse the microphone audio signal and having determined a suitably defined keyword or audio 'fingerprint' or expression to process the microphone audio signal to output the microphone audio signal as the foreground audio signal. For example where the apparatus is used in a lecture where multiple topics are on the agenda and the user is only interested in a single topic then the apparatus can be configured to output the microphone audio signal of the lecture in the background until the apparatus determines the expression (keyword) for the interesting topic and then mixes or processes the audio signal inputs to bring the microphone audio signal of the lecture to the foreground. As discussed herein the expression (keyword) can in some embodiments be considered to be an 'audio finger-print' such as speech but can also be any other suitable feature parameter or characteristic capable of being identified in the audio signal. For example a radio or TV channel specific 'theme' or signature track can identify a TV or radio programme or a segment 'sound ident' can be identify a segment within a TV or radio programme. Furthermore the expression can be any selected or suitable non-speech signal such as a click, noise burst, hand clap and even the absence of audio content, for example a defined or pre-defined silence period. Similarly in some embodiments the expression (keyword) can be considered to be a visual finger-print or text finger-print. In some embodiments the visual finger-print, text finger-print or audio finger-print can individually determine audio processor controls. However it would be understood that any suitable combination or sequence of defined expression or finger-prints in some embodiments can be used as a trigger to control audio operations, for example to identify on focus selection to a specific associated audio signal.

For example audio books including both audio and text versions of the book can be analysed and the analyser use the text data as a trigger for focus or spatialisation when a specific sentence or phrase in the book is reached. It would be understood as described herein that any combination of audio and text data as well as electronically converted formats such as 'text-to-speech' and 'speech-to-text' can be used as expression (keyword) or content analysis.

Similarly in some embodiments an input source can comprise visual media signals synchronised with an audio signal or associated with an audio signal. For example a video image of a news broadcast or slides from a meeting can be used as an auxiliary media source for expression or content analysis and expression or keyword detection. For example an expression or keyword could appear as text in the video image or as a specific image such as programme title sequence.

With respect to Figure 2 an overview of an example audio signal processor incorporating spatialisation processing and volume control processing of audio sources signal based on expression(or finger-print) analysis is shown. In some embodiments the audio processor comprises at least 2 audio signal inputs. In Figure 2 two audio signal inputs are shown, audio input 1 1011 and audio input N 101 N. It would be understood that the audio signal input can be any suitable audio signal. For example the audio signal input can be a memory retrieved or recovered audio signal. Examples of which can be recorded speech, music audio signals or similar. Furthermore in some embodiments the audio signal input can be a received audio input signal received by any suitable means, for example via a wireless, or wired coupling, or received such as an audio signal downloaded or streamed. In some embodiments the audio signal can be received via the transceiver or receiver. In some embodiments the audio signal input can be a generated audio signal for example from the microphone or microphone array or on internally generated audio signal such as an alert signal.

The audio input can be passed in some embodiments to the analyser 1 1 1 and to the audio mixer 1 19. Furthermore in some embodiments the audio input can be passed to the learning module 107. In some embodiments the signal processing apparatus comprises at least one video signal input or video source. In the example shown in Figure 2 a single video signal input is shown video input A 103, however it would understood that more than or fewer than one video signal input can be implemented in some embodiments. In the example shown in Figure 2 the video input A 103 is coupled to the analyser 1 1 1 and in some embodiments to the learning module 07. It would be understood that in some embodiments the video signal input is associated with at least one audio signal input. For example in some embodiments the video input A 103 can be associated with the audio input 1 1011 where the video input A is the video image generated by the apparatus camera and the audio input 1 1011 the audio input generated by the microphone. Furthermore in some embodiments the separate video signal input and audio signal input can be received or recovered as combined audio-video input. For example in some embodiments the audio and video input can be the audio-video input for streamed or retrieved video programmes.

In some embodiments the apparatus comprises a text signal or data input. In the example shown in Figure 2 there is a single text input, text input a 105. However it would be understood that in some embodiments there may be more than or fewer than one text input. In some embodiments the text or data input is associated with at least one of the audio inputs. The text input can in some embodiments be a real time captured text or data input, such as provided from a user interface, a received text or data input such as from a metadata stream associated with an audio stream, or a retrieved text input from memory associated with an audio signal input also retrieved from memory at the same time. The text or data input can in some embodiments be configured to be passed to the learning module 107. Furthermore in some embodiments the text or data input can be passed to the analyser to be analysed to produce control data of signals for the audio mixer 1 19. In some embodiments the apparatus comprises a learning module 107. The learning module can be configured to receive inputs from any of the audio, text or video inputs to identify any new expressions or keywords (audio, video or text fingerprints) which are to be stored on the expression database 109. The learning module furthermore in some embodiments can be configured to control the selection of "active" expressions (keywords) and/or sets of expressions (keywords) based on user interface inputs. The learning module 107 can be configured to be coupled to the expression database 109.

In some embodiments the apparatus comprises an expression (keyword) database 109. The expression (keyword) database 109 can be configured to receive inputs from the learning module 107 to add expressions or keywords (or video, text or audio fingerprints) to the expression (keyword) database 109.

Furthermore the expression (keyword) database 109 can be configured to be coupled to the analyser 1 1 1. The analyser 1 1 1 can request from the expression (keyword) database 109 any suitable expression (keyword) suitable for being detected or searched for using the analyser and from the suitable audio, text or video signals input.

In some embodiments the apparatus comprises an analyser 1 1 1. The analyser is configured to receive a signal input such as an audio signal input, text signal input and video signal input and analyse these inputs to determine whether or not the input contains an expression or keyword (such as an audio fingerprint, text fingerprint or video fingerprint) and dependent on detecting such expressions or keywords control the controller (for example an audio mixer) 1 19 to generate a suitably mixed audio signal. The analyser 1 1 1 in some embodiments comprises an audio analyser 1 13. The audio analyser 1 13 can be configured to receive at least one of the audio inputs and detect whether or not an expression or keyword (or audio fingerprint) is contained within the audio input and generate an audio mixer control for selecting at least one audio input on detecting the expression or keyword.

In some embodiments the analyser 1 1 1 comprises a text analyser 1 15. The text analyser is configured to receive at least one text data input and from the text data input determine whether or not the text or data contains a suitably selected expression or keyword (or text fingerprint). The text analyser 1 15 can then be configured on detecting a suitable expression or keyword in the text data input to generate a suitable control for the audio mixer to select the audio input associated with the text data input in the controller (e.g. audio mixer) 1 19.

In some embodiments the analyser 1 1 1 comprises an image/video analyser 1 17. The image/video analyser 1 17 is configured to receive at least one image and/or video input signals and determine whether the image/video input contain a suitable expression or keyword (or video fingerprint). On detecting a suitable video expression or keyword the image/video analyser 1 17 is configured to generate a suitable control signal for the controller (audio mixer) 1 19 to select an audio input associated with the video input.

In some embodiments the apparatus comprises a controller 1 19. In the following examples described herein the controller is an audio mixer 1 19. The audio mixer 1 19 is configured to receive control inputs from the analyser 1 1 1. Furthermore the audio mixer is configured to receive at least two audio inputs. In the example shown in Figure 2 there are N inputs with audio input 1 1011 and audio N 101 N shown explicitly. The audio mixer 1 19 is configured to mix the audio inputs such that a suitably mixed audio output stream reflects whether any of the audio inputs or associated video or text inputs contains suitable expressions or keywords. In other words the audio output is dependent on the determination of a suitable expression or keyword (whether the keyword is audio, text/data or image/video). In some embodiments an audio controller or suitable means for controlling the audio signals can be implemented to control the audio mixing and any other suitable audio control operation.

In some embodiments the controller 1 19 (audio mixer) comprises a volume control 121 configured to control the mixing levels between the audio inputs with respect to the audio output signal.

In some embodiments the controller 119 (audio mixer) comprises spatial control 123 configured to produce a spatially modified audio output from the audio input dependent on the output of the analyser 11 1.

It would be understood that in some embodiments the controller 1 19 can comprise any suitable audio input controller, for example a pause controller configured to pause (or temporarily halt the output of) an audio input, a play controller configured to play (or output) an audio input, and a stop controller configured to stop or halt the output of an audio input. It would be understood that in some embodiments the controller 1 19 can be configured to receive inputs other than audio inputs and control the output of these inputs dependent on the analysis and determination of a suitable expression.

With respect to Figure 3 a processing apparatus according to some embodiments is shown with audio inputs only. The processor comprises a combined audio input 201 configured to receive or retrieve the audio source signal data. Furthermore with respect to Figure 6 the operation of the audio input only processing apparatus as shown in Figure 3 is shown. As shown in Figure 3 there are 3 audio streams forming 3 audio inputs. These are shown in Figure 3 as: a first audio input 1011 configured to receive the first audio signal, Audio 1 ; a second audio input 1012 configured to receive the second audio signal, Audio 2; and a third audio input 101 ₃ configured to receive the third audio signal, Audio 3. The audio inputs in some embodiments as shown in Figure 3 are passed to the analyser 1 1 1.

Furthermore as shown in Figure 3 the audio inputs can in some embodiments be coupled to the keyword database 109 with regards to selecting inputting or learning new expressions or keywords.

The operation of receiving/ inputting/ retrieving audio sources is shown in Figure 6 by step 551 . In some embodiments the processing apparatus comprises the analyser 1 1 1 . The analyser 1 1 1 can comprise an audio analyser 1 13 configured to analyse the audio input signals. Furthermore the audio analyser 1 13 can in some embodiments be a Hidden Markov model (HMM) analyser 203. The Hidden Markov model analyser 203 can be configured to apply Hidden Markov model speech recognition to detect or calculate coefficients for short time windows using Fourier and cosine transformations and use statistical distribution estimation to determine or estimate phonemes within the audio signals. Furthermore the HMM analyser 203 can be configured to detect complex words containing phonemes in certain orders.

In some embodiments therefore the HMM analyser 203 can be configured to receive from the keyword database 109 at least one keyword to detect within at least one of the audio signal inputs. The keyword database 109 can therefore in some embodiments comprise a list of phonemes which are passed to the HMM analyser 203 for determining whether or not any of the audio streams contain the expression or keyword. The operation of analysing the audio sources using HMM analysis to detect an expression is shown in Figure 6 by step 553.

Although in this example a HMM speech recognition apparatus is used to detect an expression or keyword it would be understood that any suitable pattern detection or recognition apparatus can be used. For example dynamic time warping (DTW) speech recognition, neural network pattern recognition, maximum entropy Markov models (MEMM) or Bayesian network analysis can be used in some embodiments to detect speech phonemes. Furthermore any suitable tonal or beat pattern can in some embodiments be determined by the pattern recognition.

The analyser 1 1 1 can in some embodiments generate mixer controls which are dependent on the keyword detection. For example in some embodiments the analyser 11 1 can be configured to control the audio mixer so to bring the audio signal input stream where a keyword is detected to the "foreground" and move the other audio streams to the "background".

In the generation of mixer controls dependent on the expression detection is shown in Figure 6 by step 555.

In some embodiments the processor comprises the controller in the form of an audio mixer 1 19. Furthermore in some embodiments the audio mixer comprises a spatialisation control 121 and volume control 123. The volume control 123 can be configured to receive each of the audio signal inputs to be output and control the volume of the audio signal inputs to be output so that when the analyser determines an expression or keyword in one of the audio inputs to be output a control signal is generated to control the volume control 123 to create the effect of the volume of the audio signal input having the expression or keyword is significantly greater than the volume of the other audio signal input bringing the audio signal input with the keyword to the "foreground" and the other audio signal inputs to the "background". Furthermore in some embodiments where there is multiple channel audio signal output producing a spatial output effect, the spatial control 121 can be configured to mix the audio signal inputs to be output to produce an audio signal output wherein the audio signal input having the expression or keyword is spatially mixed or processed to be presented in front or in the "foreground" of the user whereas the other audio signal inputs are mixed or processed to be spatially in the background or behind the user. The spatialization control 121 can in some embodiments be realised by the application of a head related transfer function (HRTF) or similar impulse response or transfer function converting the audio signal inputs into a spatially located audio signal output.

The audio mixer 1 19 furthermore can be configured to mix the audio source audio signals to produce a single output.

The operation of mixing the processed audio sources is shown in Figure 6 by step 557.

Furthermore the outputting of mixed audio signals is shown in Figure 6 by step 559.

With respect to Figures 4 and 5 the processing apparatus and operation of the processing apparatus with respect to the learning module and expression database operations for audio and/or processing apparatus are shown in further detail and with respect to audio signal inputs. In the example shown in Figure 4 the audio signal inputs 501 comprise an audio book player audio input 101 ₅ and a music player audio input 101 ₆ . The audio book player audio input 1015, can in some embodiments be part of an audio book program or application (or app) operating or running on a processor of the apparatus. Similarly the music player audio input 101 ₆ can in some embodiments be part of a music or audio player program or application also running on a processor of the apparatus. In some embodiments the learning module 107 can comprise an auto spatialisation controller 503. The auto spatialisation controller 503 is configured to control the operation of the expression database 109. For example to control whether the expression database 109 is configured to receive, learn or create a new keyword (or expression) or to output or select a keyword (or expression) to be detected. In such embodiments the user can select an auto spatialisation feature of the audio book player application or program (or audio signal input) using the user interface of the apparatus and cause the apparatus to present the menu on the screen for creation of a new expression (set) or expression selection from an existing set. In some embodiments the expression sets can be stored externally to the apparatus, for example at a central location for storing expressions. In some embodiments the apparatus can permit a user to provide a defined label or name and more detailed information about each keyword set for easier identification. For example a first expression set can be "TV audio" for identifying, expressions from television programmes another "lecture" for identifying expressions during the lecture etc. Furthermore the user can choose to create a new set of keywords or expressions.

In some embodiments the auto spatialisation controller 505 can be configured to pass the selection information to the expression database to be passed to the analyser.

The auto spatialisation controller 503 thus in some embodiments receives the user interface input and can be coupled to expression database for selecting a specific expression or expression set.

In some embodiments the learning module comprises the learning module creator 504. The learning module creator 504 can be configured to receive an indicator from the auto spatialisation controller 503 that a new expression or expression set is to be created. In some embodiments the expression module 107 and in particular the expression module creator 504 can then be configured to receive new expression. In some embodiments the new expression can be determined by recording them into the apparatus microphone where in some embodiments the learning module creator 504 generates a suitable format signal to be stored in the expression database 109. In some embodiments the learning module creator 504 can be configured to receive text or data representations of the expressions to be created which cause the learning module creator 504 to generate a suitable format signal in the expression database 109. The expression database 109 can then receive the suitably formatted expressions. With respect to Figure 5 the operation of the learning module creator 504 with respect to an example new expression creation is shown.

The learning module creator 504 can in some embodiments be configured to determine whether there is an input to create a new expression set. Where no new expression set is required then the operation of the learning module creator 504 can end.

The operation of checking of the creation of a new expression set is shown in Figure 5 by step 301.

Where a new expression set is required then the learning module creator 504 can in some embodiments determine whether a new expression is required in the set. The operation of detecting whether a new expression is needed to be inserted is shown in Figure 5 by step 303.

Where the learning module creator 504 determines that no new expression for the expression set is required then the learning module creator 504 can save the new expression set to the database, and then perform a create new expression set check shown in step 301. The operation of saving the expression set to the database is shown in Figure 5 by step 313.

Where the learning module creator 504 determines a new expression in the expression set is required then the learning module creator 504 can be configured to determine whether or not the expression is to be an audio or text expression.

The operation of detecting whether the new expression is audio or text is shown in Figure 5 by step 305.

Where the new expression is text then the learning module creator 504 can be configured to receive a text input, and process the text input to generate a suitable format expression for the expression database 109.

The operation of receiving a text input is shown in Figure 5 by step 309.

Where the new expression is an audio expression then the learning module creator can be configured to receive an audio signal, and process the audio signal input to generate a suitable format expression for the expression database 109.

The operation of receiving the audio signal is shown in Figure 5 by step 307. Following the receiving of the audio or text input then the learning module creator 504 can be configured to store the new expression to the expression set and perform another check of whether a new expression is to be inserted as part of the set, in other words to pass back to step 303. The operation of storing the new expression to the expression set is shown in figure 5 by step 311. In Figure 4 the expression database 109 comprises multiple expression sets shown expression set 1 ; expression set 2; and expression set N. The output of the expression database 109 can then be passed to the combined audio analysis and mixing part shown in Figure 4 as part of 509. The audio analysis and mixing part 509 can comprise the spatialisation control 121 and volume control 123 as show in Figure 3, and be further configured to output the audio to a particular audio output such as an earphones, ear set, loudspeakers etc.

With respect to Figure 7 a further example of the operation of the processor apparatus such as shown in Figure 2 is shown wherein at least one video image signal is input to be analysed. As described herein as well as audio signal analysis in some embodiments the analyser can be configured to analyse text/data signal inputs and/or image/video signal inputs which are associated with audio signals being processed. In such embodiments the examples described herein with respect to Figure 3 to 6 can be seen as simplified version of such embodiments.

In some embodiments therefore the image/video signal input A 103 is configured to receive a video image.

The receiving of a video image is shown in Figure 7 by step 401.

Furthermore there is at least one first audio signal input which is associated with the video image signal. In some embodiments this information can be stored in memory and used by the analyser 1 1 1.

In some embodiments the processing apparatus comprises a first audio signal input; audio input 1 101 , which is associated with the video/image signal input A 103. Furthermore the processing apparatus comprises a second audio signal input; audio input N 101 N- The receiving a first audio signal associated with the video image signal is shown in Figure 7 by step 403.

The operation of receiving a second or further audio signal (not associated with the video image) is shown in Figure 7 by step 405.

In some embodiments the analyser 1 1 1 comprises a video analyser 1 17 is configured to analyse the video signal for an expression (keyword or video/image fingerprint) or a specific expression (keyword or video/image fingerprint) pattern.

The operation of checking or analysing the video signal for the expression (keyword or fingerprint) is shown in Figure 7 by step 407. The analyser 1 1 1 and specifically the image/video analyser 1 17 can then be configured to detect whether the expression (keyword) has been detected with respect to the video image input. Where the video image has the expression (keyword) then the analyser 1 1 1 can be configured to control the mixer to mix the audio signal output such that the first audio signal (the audio input 1 1011 ) is the primary audio output in other words to the foreground of the audio mix and the second audio signal (the audio input N 101 N) is the background.

Where the expression (keyword) has not been detected in the video (or the first audio signal) then the analyser can be configured to control the mixer such that the audio mixer outputs the second audio signal as (audio signal N 101 N) the primary audio output, in other words as the foreground audio signal, and the first audio signal (audio signal 1 101 ^ as the background or secondary audio signal. The operation of detecting whether the expression (keyword) has been detected in the video image is shown in step 409 of Figure 7. The operation of mixing the audio such that the first audio is the primary audio output and the second audio signal is the background is shown in Figure 7 by step 41 1. The operation of mixing the audio such that the second audio signal is the primary audio output and the first audio signal is the background is shown in Figure 7 by step 413.

It shall be appreciated that the term user equipment is intended to cover any suitable type of wireless user equipment, such as mobile telephones, portable data processing devices or portable web browsers.

Furthermore elements of a public land mobile network (PLMN) may also comprise audio signal processing as described above.

In general, the various embodiments of the application may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. For example, some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the invention is not limited thereto. While various aspects of the application may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

Thus at least some embodiments may be an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: analysing at least one input to determine one or more expression within the at least one input; and controlling at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression . The embodiments of this application may be implemented by computer software executable by a data processor of the mobile device, such as in the processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. Further in this regard it should be noted that any blocks of the logic flow as in the Figures may represent program steps, or interconnected logic circuits, blocks and functions, or a combination of program steps and logic circuits, blocks and functions.

Thus at least some embodiments may be a computer-readable medium encoded with instructions that, when executed by a computer perform: analysing at least one input to determine one or more expression within the at least one input; and controlling at least one audio signal associated with the at least one input dependent on the determination of the one or more expression.

The memory may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory. The data processors may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), gate level circuits and processors based on multi-core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.

Embodiments of the application may be practiced in various components such as integrated circuit modules. The design of integrated circuits is by and large a highly automated process. Complex and powerful software tools are available for converting a logic level design into a semiconductor circuit design ready to be etched and formed on a semiconductor substrate.

Programs, such as those provided by Synopsys, Inc. of Mountain View, California and Cadence Design, of San Jose, California automatically route conductors and locate components on a semiconductor chip using well established rules of design as well as libraries of pre-stored design modules. Once the design for a semiconductor circuit has been completed, the resultant design, in a standardized electronic format (e.g., Opus, GDSII, or the like) may be transmitted to a semiconductor fabrication facility or "fab" for fabrication.

As used in this application, the term 'circuitry' refers to all of the following:

(a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry) and

(b) to combinations of circuits and software (and/or firmware), such as: (i) to a combination of processor(s) or (ii) to portions of processor(s)/software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions and

(c) to circuits, such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that require software or firmware for operation, even if the software or firmware is not physically present.

This definition of 'circuitry' applies to all uses of this term in this application, including any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term 'circuitry' would also cover an implementation of merely a processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware. The term 'circuitry' would also cover, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or applications processor integrated circuit for a mobile phone or similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other network device. The foregoing description has provided by way of exemplary and non-limiting examples a full and informative description of the exemplary embodiment of this invention. However, various modifications and adaptations may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the appended claims. However, all such and similar modifications of the teachings of this invention will still fall within the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.