Split sealing ring characterized by its material serving for any piston system The invention relates to a split sealing ring characterized by its material and serving for any piston system, mainly for internal combustion engines, compressors, pipe connections and hydraulic devices, fitting with its inner diameter and face distance to the piston groove and to the ring groove respectively and with its outer diameter to the bore of the cylinder. Said sealing ring is made of two parts, of an inner and of an outer sealing ring, both of which are arranged in a tapered angle, fitted with polished surfaces in the groove of the piston, pipe or rod.

It is known to use piston rings, compression rings or oil control rings in the piston groove and in the cylinder of internal combustion engines, compressors with piston system, Otto-engines and Diesel-engines. These rings are in all cases split circular rings with plane faces made from steel or alloyed, mainly grey iron castings. The machining operations are performed in most cases on single- purpose machines, the finishing operation being polishing. Before packaging, quality control is performed. It is known from practical experiences that the practical and normal efficiency of piston rings of all sorts depends mainly on the thermal expansion. The known and current piston rings leave much to be desired in terms of dilatation because they follow less the desired dimensional changes by their thermal expansion. For this reason the efficiency and the fuel consumption of the engine are unfavorable or are further deteriorating in operation. As a more harmful phenomenon the rings get stuck or chucked in the cylinder mainly at higher temperatures or are driven out from the groove and do not fill the gap.

Instead of sealing, the oil is passed through, i. e. the lubricating oil is transported to the combustion chamber.

The"Pattantyus, Gépész-és villamosmérnökök kézikönyve" (Handbook of Mechanical and Electrical Engineers) (Ed. Muszaki Könyvkiadó, Budapest 1962),

Vol. 4, pp. 304-307 and Figures 29.1-29.14 gives a detailed information about designing internal combustion engines. It sets forth the embodiments of Otto- engines and Diesel-engines, the groupings of metals used to manufacturing of pistons, including piston rings, compression rings and oil control rings. Surveying the periodicals it has been found that there are many initiatives, objects and experiments, but there are only a few solutions to eliminate the disadvantages and there is substantially no progress in this regard.

The Hungarian patent publication 185/90 discloses a split piston ring for any piston systems. According to said publication the split piston ring comprises a mechanism designed with its inner diameter and face distance to the piston groove and with its outer diameter to the bore of the cylinder. Said piston ring includes at least two parts. Both of these parts are arranged in the piston groove at tapered angles, or one of the parts is at tapered angles and the other with a radius, or all the mating parts are arranged with radius and polished surfaces.

Without disputing the advantages of the described solution, we note that the materials of the piston ring according to said invention are the materials of conventional composition described in the introduction. This ring eliminates the chucking of the piston, however it can't ensure perfect sealing during operation.

The object of the present invention is to design a sealing ring not only protecting against sticking but also ensuring close sealing during operation.

It has been found that this object can be reached by making one of the sealing ring parts of a soft material and the other sealing ring part of springy material.

The essence of the present invention is a split sealing ring serving for any piston system, mainly for internal combustion engines, compressors, pipe connections and hydraulic devices, fitting with its inner diameter and face distance to the piston groove and to the ring groove respectively and with its outer diameter to the bore of the cylinder. Said sealing ring is made of two parts, of an inner and of an outer sealing ring, both of which are arranged at a tapered angle, fitted with polished surfaces in the groove of the piston, pipe or rod. The material of the inner sealing ring is spring steel, the material of the outer piston ring is mild iron.

Preferably any of the surfaces of the sealing ring fitting one to another,, to the piston and to the cylinder bore respectively, are chromium plated. Preferably the opening of the inner sealing ring is at least five times greater than the gap width of the outer sealing ring.

The sealing ring in accordance with the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings, in which Figure 1 shows the inner sealing ring of the sealing ring set in top view, Figure 2 shows the outer sealing ring of the sealing ring set in top view, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1, Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1 and line B-B of Figure 2, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 2.

As illustrated in Figure 1 and 2 the preferred embodiment of the sealing ring comprises two parts, viz. inner sealing ring 1 and outer sealing ring 2. The outer planes of the two sealing rings 1 and 2 are parallel and their contacting inner surfaces are at a tapered angle range. Both of the parts are formed with an appropriate angle. They differ one from the other in that the opening 3 of sealing ring 1 is great and is made from spring steel, whereas the gap 4 of sealing ring 2 is the smallest possible permitted by the piston diameter and is made of mild iron.

The two ring halves naturally form a ring. Figure 3 shows a cross-section of the inner sealing ring 1. Figure 5 shows a cross-section the outer sealing ring 2 with the fitting method. Figure 4 shows the adjustable arrangement of the tapered design of sealing rings 1,2. The surfaces perpendicular to the cylinder watt, the surfaces contacting one another of sealing rings 1 and 2, further the surface parallel to the cylinder wall of sealing ring 2 is chromium plated to enhance sliding.

Instead of chromium platting any other method of surface treatment can be used ensuring the decrease of friction.

In operation inner sealing ring 1 is fitted in outer sealing ring 2 and stretches it open by its spring force, thereby ensuring the tightening of outer sealing ring 2 to the cylinder wall and good sealing already in the cold state of the engine. As the engine warms up and certain parts expand, opening 3 of inner

sealing ring 1 is locking continuously against the spring force of outer sealing ring 2, i. e. it does not stick and the compressive force exerted by it on the cylinder wall can be considered as constant, that is the tightness is not changing. The ring groove formed on the piston is narrowing on heat action and that is followed by the summarized thickness of inner sealing ring 1 and outer sealing ring 2.

The solution according to the present invention is advantageous in that the tightness of the engine can be made independent of the operating conditions. This results in both greater efficiency and less harm caused to the environment.