BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention This invention is related to stable mixtures containing opacifying pigments and more specifically, to stable mixtures containing select combinations and levels of titanium dioxide, a thickener, and a dispersant for use in making paint and other end products.

Description of Related Art In co-pending U. S. provisional patent applications Serial Nos. 60/183, 655 ; 60/183, 656 ; and 60/247, 639 ; prepaints and a method of making paints from these prepaints is described. One of the prepaints is a mixture comprising at least one opacifying pigment, typically titanium dioxide. The other two prepaints may contain either an extender pigment or/and an emulsion polymeric binder. A key requirement for the prepaints is their compatibility with one another so that they may be mixed with each other in various ratios to make at least one paint line. Another key requirement is that the prepaints, whether comprising an opacifying pigment, an extender pigment, or an emulsion polymeric binder, be stable so that the prepaints may be prepared, shipped, and stored without failing, for example, failure by exhibiting non-homogeneity, syneresis, settling, gelling and/or viscosity changes.

With respect to prepaints containing an opacifying pigment, stability can be a serious problem. This is especially true when one considers that even the best commercially-available titanium dioxide slurries show some syneresis (>2% by volume by visual inspection) upon storage and must be stirred vigorously and for a considerable length of time before use.

Hence, there is a need for stable mixtures containing specific combinations and levels of titanium dioxide, thickeners, and dispersants that may be employed, inter alia, as prepaints in a method of making paints or as conventional components in other end-use where opacifying pigments are employed, including coatings, impregnants, inks, graphic arts, papers, textiles, caulks, mastics, adhesives, sealants, building products and leather.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Various fluid opacifying mixtures based on titanium dioxide are provided. Some of the mixture are stable and no mixing is required, others are stable with occasional mixing required, and others are stable with constant mixing required.

As used herein for all the mixtures"lbs/100 gallons"is based on the weight of the dry material, unless otherwise noted.

The following mixtures are stable and require no mixing when formulated as described below.

Mixture is a fluid opacifying pigment mixture comprising : (a) about 600 to about 1500 lbs/100 gallons of at least one universal-grade titanium dioxide ; (b) about 0. 2 to about 20 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydrophobically-modified ethylene oxide-urethane polymer (HEUR) thickener selected from the group consisting of : (i) a HEUR having a C4-C, 2 hydrophobe and a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 200, 000 ; (ii) a HEUR having a C6-C30 hydrophobe and a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 200, 000 ; and (iii) combinations thereof ; and (c) about 1. 5 to about 16 lbs/100 gallons of at least one dispersant selected from the group consisting of a maleic acid/diisobutylene copolymer, a butylmethacrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer, and an acrylic acid-hydroxypropyl acrylate copolymer ; Mixture 2 is a fluid opacifying pigment mixture comprising : (a) about 600 to about 1500 lbs/100 gallons of at least one interior-grade titanium dioxide ; (b) about 0. 3 to about 5 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydrophobically-modified, alkali- soluble or alkali-swellable emulsion (HASE) thickener having a C6-C22 hydrophobe and a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 7, 000, 000 ; and (c) about 1. 8 to about 23 lbs/100 gallons of at least one dispersant selected from the group consisting of maleic acid/diisobutylene copolymer, a butylmethacrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer, and an acrylic acid-hydroxypropyl acrylate copolymer ; Mixture 3 is a fluid opacifying pigment mixture comprising : (a) about 600 to about 1500 lbs/100 gallons of at least one interior-grade titanium dioxide ; (b) about 0. 5 to about 3 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydroxyalkyl cellulose thickener having a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 10, 000, 000 ; and (c) about 1. 8 to about 23 lbs/100 gallons of at least one polyacrylic acid dispersant.

Mixture 4 is a fluid opacifying pigment mixture comprising : (a) about 600 to about 1500 lbs/100 gallons of at least one universal-grade titanium dioxide ; (b) about 2 to about 6 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydrophobically-modified hydroxyalkyl cellulose thickener having a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 10, 000, 000 ; and (c) about 1. 8 to about 23 lbs/100 gallons of at least one polyacrylic acid dispersant.

Mixture 5 is a fluid opacifying pigment mixture containing : (a) about 600 to about 1500 lbs/100 gallons of at least one universal-grade titanium dioxide ; (b) about 0. 2 to about 10 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydrophobically-modified hydroxyalkyl cellulose thickener having a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 10, 000, 000 ; (c) about 2 to about 10 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydrophobically-modified ethylene oxide urethane polymer (HEUR) thickener having a C4-C30 hydrophobe and a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 200, 000 ; and (d) about 3. 0 to about 22. 5 lbs/100 gallons of at least one maleic acid/diisobutylene copolymer dispersant.

Mixture 6 is a fluid opacifying pigment mixture comprising : (a) about 600 to about 1500 lbs/100 gallons of at least one universal-grade titanium dioxide ; (b) about 0. 2 to about 10 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydrophobically-modified hydroxyalkyl cellulose thickener having a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 10, 000, 000 ; (c) about 2 to about 10 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydrophobically-modified ethylene oxide urethane polymer (HEUR) thickener having a C4-C30 hydrophobe and a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 200, 000 ; and (d) about 0. 5 to about 22. 5 lbs/100 gallons of at least one acrylic acid-hydroxypropyl acrylate dispersant.

The following mixtures are stable with occasional mixing required.

Mixture 7 is a fluid opacifying pigment mixture comprising : (a) about 600 to about 1500 lbs/100 gallons of at least one universal-grade titanium dioxide ; (b) about 1 to about 10 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydroxyalkyl cellulose thickener having a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 10, 000, 0000 or hydrophobically- modified hydroxyalkyl cellulose thickener having a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 10, 000, 000 ; (c) optionally, about 2 to about 12 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydrophobically-modified ethylene oxide urethane polymer (HEUR) thickener having a C4-C3o hydrophobe and a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 200, 000 or at least one clay thickener ; and (d) about 0. 5 to about 22. 5 lbs/100 gallons of at least one acrylic acid/hydroxyl propyl acrylate dispersant.

Mixture 8 is a fluid opacifying pigment mixture containing : (a) about 600 to about 1500 lbs/100 gallons of at least one universal-grade titanium dioxide ; (b) about 0. 3 to about 5 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydrophobically-modified, alkali- soluble or alkali-swellable emulsion (HASE) thickener having a C6-C22 hydrophobe and a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 7, 000, 000 ; and (c) about 1. 2 to about 45 lbs/100 gallons of at least one polyacrylic acid dispersant ; The following mixtures are stable with constant mixing required. They are formulated as described below.

Mixture 9 is a fluid opacifying pigment mixture containing : (a) about 600 to about 1500 lbs/100 gallons of at least one universal-grade titanium dioxide ; (b) about 0. 5 to about 10 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydroxyalkyl cellulose thickener having a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 10, 000, 0000 or about 0. 5 to about 10 lbs/100 gallons of a hydrophobically-modified hydroxyalkyl cellulose thickener having a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 10, 000, 000 ; and (c) about 1. 2 to about 18 lbs/100 gallons of at least one maleic acid/diisobutylene dispersant.

Mixture 10 is a fluid opacifying pigment mixture containing : (a) about 600 to about 1500 lbs/100 gallons of at least one universal-grade titanium dioxide ; (b) about 0. 1 to about 3 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydrophobically-modified, alkali- soluble or alkali-swellable emulsion (HASE) thickener having a C6-C22 hydrophobe and a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 7, 000, 000 ; and (c) about 0. 6 to about 22. 5 lbs/100 gallons of at least one acrylic acid/hydroxyl propyl acrylate dispersant.

Mixture 11 is a fluid opacifying pigment mixture containing : (a) about 600 to about 1500 lbs/100 gallons of at least one universal-grade titanium dioxide ; (b) about 0. 1 to about 3 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydrophobically-modified, alkali- soluble or alkali-swellable emulsion (HASE) thickener having a C6-C22 hydrophobe and a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 7, 000, 000 ; and (c) about 0. 6 to about 45 lbs/100 gallons of at least one maleic acid/diisobutylene dispersant.

Mixture 12 is a fluid opacifying pigment mixture containing : (a) about 600 to about 1500 lbs/100 gallons of at least one interior-grade titanium dioxide ; (b) about 0. 2 to about 20 lbs/100 gallons of at least one hydrophobically-modified ethylene oxide urethane polymer (HEUR) thickener selected from the group consisting of : (i) a HEUR having a C4-C, 2 hydrophobe and a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 200, 000 ; (ii) a HEUR having a C6-C30 hydrophobe and a molecular weight of about 10, 000 to about 200, 000 ; and (iii) combinations thereof ; and (c) about 1. 2 to about 8 lbs/100 gallons of at least one maleic acid/diisobutylene dispersant.

All of the above mixtures have a titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigment volume concentration (PVC) of about 40 to 100%, a titanium dioxide (TiO2) volume solids content of at least about 15%, and a Stormer viscosity of about 50 to about 250 KU.

All of the mixtures contain water and may contain optional additives selected from the group consisting of a defoamer, a surfactant, a coalescent, a base, a biocide, a mildewcide, a co- dispersant, a polymeric binder, a voided latex polymer and combinations thereof.

In order to prepare stable mixtures of opacifying pigments, one must follow strict rules in selecting the types and level of specific ingredients, using the general approach set out below : select the type and level of titanium dioxide based on whether the final paint will be for exterior or interior use with a universal-grade being selected for interior, exterior, or interior/exterior use and with an interior-grade being selected for interior use only ; select the appropriate rheology modifier/thickener based on the type of titanium dioxide selected ; select the appropriate dispersant based on the type of rheology modifier/thickener selected ; determine the level of dispersant necessary to produce a stable final mixture ; and determine the level of rheology modifier/thickener required to produce a stable final mixture.

As used herein, the term"stable"applies to those mixtures that meet all of the following criteria, as set out in the Stability Tests described below, after being stored at a temperature of at least 120°C for at least ten (10) days : (1) there is less than 2% by volume of syneresis in the mixture (determined by inspecting the pigment mixture visually) (referred to herein as"Stability Test 1").

(2) the mixture has a Brookfield viscosity (measured at a shear rate of 1. 25 sec') of less than 100, 000 centipoise, preferably less than 50, 000 centipoise after cooling to ambient temperature (22-25°C), but prior to mechanical shearing (referred to herein as"Stability Test 2").

(3) the ratio of the Brookfield viscosity (measured at a shear rate of 1. 25 sec') after heat aging to the Brookfield viscosity (measured at a shear rate of 1. 25 sec~') prior to heat aging is no greater than 3 after the mixture is cooled to ambient temperature (22-25°C) and after mechanical shearing using a propeller-type mixer (referred to herein as"Stability Test 3").

Commercial titanium dioxide slurries do not pass Stability Test 1 and must be stirred, sometimes constantly, prior to use. Mixtures having Brookfield viscosities higher than those specified in Stability Test 2 tend to gell and resist flow and therefore are difficult to pump in conventional equipment. Stability Test 3 is used to determine whether or not the mixture developed, or will develop, a gel network resistant to shear thinning (mixing) during storage.

The mixing conditions used to categorize the stability of the fluid opacifying pigment mixtures are as follows : (1) mixtures which require no mixing or other form of agitation over typical storage times (at least 30 days) and under storage conditions where the temperature can be as high as 140°F and as low as 25°F to remain stable are referred to herein as"stable with no mixing required") (require mixing over 0% of storage time) ; (2) mixtures which require periodic or occasional mixing or other forms of agitation to re- homogenize or break any minimal or slight structure formed over the typical storage times and conditions described above are referred to herein as"stable with occasional mixing required") (require mixing over >0% of storage time) ; and (3) mixtures which require constant mixing or other forms of agitation to re-homogenize or break any significant structure formed over the typical storage times and conditions described above (are referred to herein as"stable with constant mixing required") (require mixing over >50% of storage time).

It should be noted that while the"stable with no mixing required"condition requires no mixing or other form of agitation to remain stable, applying some form of mixing or agitation to the mixture (whether occasional or constant) does not exclude that particular mixture from the definition of a stable mixture with"no mixing required". Likewise, it should be noted that while the"stable with occasional mixing required"condition requires only occasional mixing or other form of agitation to remain stable, applying constant mixing or agitation to the mixture does not exclude that particular mixture from the definition of a stable mixture with"occasional mixing required".

Any type of mixer or agitator may be used such as, but not limited to an impellar, a recirculator, a shaker, a mill, a rotator, a bubbler, a sonicator, a pump or a like means suitable to move the mixture about itself.

The mixtures herein may be employed as prepaints in systems using delayed product differentiation as described in U. S. Patent Applications Serial Nos. 60/183, 655 filed February 18, 2000 ; 60/183, 656 filed February 18, 2000 ; 60/247, 639 filed November 10, 2000], as well as employed as replacements for conventional mixtures containing opacifying pigments, such as titanium dioxide slurries, mill bases, colorant dispersions, coating colors, and the like.

The pigment volume concentration (PVC) is a measure of how"binder-rich"a formulation is. It is calculated using the formula : PVC (%) = (volume of pigments) + volume extender (s)) x 100 (volume of pigment (s) + volume extender (s) + volume binder (s) The volume solids content (VS) is the dry volume of pigment (s) plus the dry volume of extender (s) plus the dry volume of binder (s). It is calculated using the formula : VS (%) = dry volume of pigment (s ! + drv volume of extender (s) + dry volume of binder (s) x 100. total volume of formulation If additives are present, their volume is not included in determining the total dry volume.

The titanium dioxide pigment volume concentration (TiO2 PVC) is a measure of how "binder-rich"a formulation is relative to only the titanium dioxide (TiO2) content. It is calculated using the formula : TiO2PVC (%) = volume of TiO2 pigment (s ! x 100 (volume of pigment (s) + volume extender (s) + volume binder (s) The titanium dioxide volume solids content (TiO2 VS) is the dry volume of TiO2 pigment (s) plus the dry volume of extender (s) plus the dry volume of binder (s). It is calculated using the formula : TiO2VS (%) = dry volume of TiO2 pigment (s ! x 100. total volume of formulation If additives are present, their volume is not included in determining the total dry volume.

Opacifyine Pisments Suitable opacifying pigments include : (1) white pigments which impart white scattering power to a paint across all visible wave lengths without a high degree of absorption ; and (2) auxiliary hiding pigments including inorganic and organic solids or voided latex polymers which do not impart a primary color or hiding power to a paint although they may have secondary influences on those properties.

Such opacifying pigments include titanium dioxide or a combination of titanium dioxide and auxiliary hiding pigments such as voided latex polymer particles, zinc oxide, lead oxide, a synthetic polymer pigment, and mixtures thereof. Rutile and anatase grades of titanium dioxide are suitable for use herein. Rutile titanium dioxide is preferred. The surface of the titanium dioxide may be treated with various organic or inorganic surface treatments, e. g., the oxides of silica, alumina, and zirconia. Fumed titanium oxide is also useful herein.

For specific mixtures, certain grades of titanium dioxide are required. For example, for some of the mixtures universal-grade titanium dioxide may be used, whereas for others interior- grade titanium dioxide must be used. As used herein,"universal-grade"titanium dioxide means titanium dioxide that is suitable for use in both interior and exterior applications and which is typically treated with oxides of alumina (about 1 to about 7%), silica (up to about 15%) and zirconia (up to about 15%). As used herein,"interior-grade"titanium dioxide means titanium dioxide that is only suitable for use in interior applications which is typically treated with only the oxides of alumina (about 1 to about 7%) or a combinations of the oxides of alumina (about 1 to about 7%) with the oxides of silica (up to about 5%). This grade of titanium dioxide is likely to provide poorer water resistance in final coatings than the universal-grade titanium dioxide).

The voided latex particles useful herein have a particle size diameter of about 100 nm to about 2, 500 nm and a void fraction of about 10% to about 75%. Preferably, the particles have a particle size of about 500 nm to about 1, 100 nm. The particles must have at least one void, but they may have multiple voids, non-spherical voids, interconnected voids, voids having channels connected to the outside of the particles, and they can encompass structures described as vesiculated and sponge-like. Preferably, the particles have a single void. They have a glass transition temperature (Tg), as measured by differential scanning calorimetry at a rate of 20°C/minute, of at least about 20°C, preferably at least about 50°C. The higher the Tg, the harder the particle is and the less likely it is to collapse. If the particles collapse, they are unable to contribute to hiding. The voided latex particles may be prepared by conventional polymerization processes known in the art, such as those disclosed in U. S. Patent Nos. 3, 784, 391, 4, 427, 836 ; 4, 469, 825 ; 4, 594, 363 ; 4, 798, 691 ; 4, 880, 842 ; 4, 908, 271 ; 4, 972, 000 ; 5, 041, 464, 5, 157, 084 ; 5, 216, 044, 5, 494, 971 ; 5, 545, 695 ; and 6, 020, 435, as well as Japanese Patent Applications 60/223, 873, 61/62510, 61/66710, 61/86941, 62/127336, 62/156387, 01/185311, and 02/140272.

Thickener Suitable thickeners include both non-associative, water-soluble/water-swellable thickeners and associative thickeners. Suitable non-associative, water-soluble/water-swellable thickeners include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), alkali soluble or alkali swellable emulsions known in the art as ASE emulsions, and cellulosic thickeners such as hydroxyalkyl celluloses including hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and 2-hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, 2- hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxybutyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, and the like. Suitable associative thickeners include hydrophobically-modified, alkali-soluble emulsions known in the art as HASE emulsions, hydrophobically-modified ethylene oxide-urethane polymers known in the art as HEUR thickeners, hydrophobically-modified cellulosics such as hydrophobically-modified hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydrophobically-modified polyacrylamides, and the like. Also useful as thickeners are fumed silica, attapulgite clay and other types of clay, titanate chelating agents, and the like.

Suitable dispersants include anionic polymers such as homopolymers and copolymers based on polycarboxylic acids, including those that have been hydrophobically-or hydrophilically-modified, e. polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, maleic anhydride and copolymers thereof with each other and with various monomers such as styrene, acrylate or methacrylate, diisobutylene, and other hydrophilic or hydrophobic comonomers. Suitable dispersants further include salts of the above dispersants and mixtures thereof.

The opacifying mixtures may include certain optional additives including defoamers, surfactants, coalescents, biocides, mildewcides, co-dispersants, dispersing resins, latex adsorbing resins, polymeric binders, and the voided latex polymers (described above).

Suitable defoamers include silicone-based and mineral oil-based defoamers and the like.

Suitable surfactants include cationic, anionic and non-ionic surfactants.

Suitable coalescents, plasticizers, and other optional solvents include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (TEXANOL"'), glycol ethers, mineral spirits, methyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, phthalates, adipates, and the like.

Suitable mildewcides and biocides include zinc oxide, isothiazolones, triazoles, and the like.

Suitable co-dispersants include non-ionic, anionic, and cationic dispersants such as 2- amino 2-methyl 1-propanol, dimethyl amino ethanol, potassium tripolyphosphate, trisodium polyphosphate, citric acid and other carboxylic acids, and the like.

Latex polymer binders are polymers or prepolymers which form the primary film of a paint. They bind the pigment and/or extenders, provide the required paint flow, and determine the gloss and hardness of the final paint film. The binder selected will depend upon the final use of the formulated paints. Binders suitable for exterior paints are generally suitable for interior paints, but binders suitable for interior paints may not be suitable for exterior paints. Suitable binders include, but are not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers, or terpolymers such as, for example, polyvinyl acetate, styrene-acrylic, styrene-butadiene, vinyl acetate-acrylic, ethylene- vinyl acetate, vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate, vinyl acetate-vinyl maleate, vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride-acrylic, ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylic, and urethane polymers, optionally containing up to 10% by weight of functional groups (for example, but not limited to, carboxylic acid, phosphate, sulfate, sulfonate, amide and combinations thereof) other non-functional monomers, and mixtures thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION All ranges disclosed herein are inclusive and the minimums and maximums of the nested ranges are combinable. All levels are in dry pounds/100 gallons i. e., pounds of solids/100 gallons of the mixtures unless otherwise noted. After the required ingredients and optional ingredients are combined, sufficient water is added to give a total of 100 gallons of the mixture.

The following optional ingredients may be included in any of the combination ranges shown below : Optional Ingredients Ingredient Types Preferred Types Level Preferred Level Defoamer any solvent-based, silicone-1-5 2-3 based _ Surfactant nonionic, anionic, cationic nonionic, anionic 1-7 1-5 Solvent and propylene glycol, ethylene propylene glycol, 1-200 1-100 coalescent glycol, hexylene glycol, Hexanol0 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1-3- pentanediol monoisobutyrate (Texanol0), butyl carbitol, methyl carbitol, mineral spirits, Base ammonium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, up to 10 up to 5 sodium hydroxide, potassium AMP-95 hydroxide, 2-amino 2-methyl 1-propanol (AMP) Biocide isothiazolones, carbamates, isothiazolones up to 5 up to 3 thiazoles, phthalonitriles, dioxanes, hydantoins, carbanilides, triazines, ureas, thiocyanates Mildewcide isothiazolones, carbamates, isothiazolones up to 20 up to 10 thiazoles, phthalonitriles, dioxanes, hydantoins, carbanilides, triazines, ureas, thiocyanates Co-dispersant 2-amino 2-methyl 1-citric acid, KTTP, AMP up to 5 up to 2 propanol (AMP-95), dimethyl amino ethanol (DMEA), potassium tripolyphosphate (KTTP), trisodium polyphosphate (TSPP), Polymeric See above description vinyl acrylic, vinyl up to 150 up to 80 Binder acetate, styrene acrylic Voided latex See above description x up to 100 up to 60 polymer Combination No. 1 The combinations shown below do not require mixing to remain stable. They are exemplified in Example 1. Ingredients Types Preferred Types Level Preferred Level Dispersant MA/DIB, BMA/MAA, MA/DIB 1. 5-16 3. 7-14 AA/HPA, SMA | _ Thickener HEUR effective hydrophobe HEUR effective hydrophobe 0. 2-20 10-16 C4-C, 2MW 10, 000-200, 000, C4-C 2 and M W 12, 000- 150, 000 HEUR effective hydrophobe 0. 8-5 0. 2-2 C6-C30 MW 10, 000-200, 000, HEUR effective hydrophobe or combinations thereof C6-C24 and MW 12, 000- 150, 000 TiO2 Universal grade coated with Universal TiO2 coated with 600-1500 700-1400 1%-7% Al203, up to 15% SiO2 1. 5-5% Al203 1. 2-12% SiO2, up to 15% ZrO2 up to 4% ZrO2 Combination No. 2 The following combinations do not require mixing to remain stable. They are exemplified in Example 2. Ingredients Types Preferred Types Level Preferred Level Dispersant MA/DIB, BMA/MAA, PAA 1. 8-23 3. 5-16. 8 AA/HPA, PAA Thickener HASE effective hydrophobe HASE effective 0. 3-5 1-3 C6-C22 MW 10, 000-hydrophobe C6-C, 8 and 7, 000, 000 MW 100, 000- 5, 000, 000 TiO2 Interior grade coated with 1-Interior grade coated 600-1500 700-1400 7% Al203/0-5% SiO2 0-5% with I o-3% sio2 Combination No. 3 The following combinations do not require mixing to remain stable. They are exemplified in Example 3. Ingredients Types Preferred Types Level Preferred Level Dispersant PAA PAA 1. 8-23 3. 5-16. 8 Thickener Hydroxyalkylcellulose and Hydroxyethyl cellulose 0. 5-3 1-2 combinations thereof MW 100, 000- MW 10, 000-10, 000, 000 2, 000, 000 TiO2 Interior grade coated with Interior grade coated 600-1500 700-1400 1-7% Al203 up to 5% Si02 with 2-5% AI20,/up to 3% SiO2 Combination No. 4 The following combinations do not require mixing to remain stable. They are exemplified in Example 4. Ingredients Types Preferred Types Level Preferred Level Dispersant PAA PAA 1. 8-23 3 : 5-16. 8 Thickener Hydrophobically-modified Hydrophobically-2-6 3-5 hydroxyalkyllcellulose modified MW 10, 000-10, 000, 000 hydroxyethylcellulose MW 50, 000-2, 000, 000 TiO2 Universal coated with 1-7% Universal coated with 600-1500 700-1400 Al203, up to 15% SiO2, up to 1. 5-5% Al203, 1. 2-12% 15% ZrO2 SiO2, up to 4% ZrO2 Combination No. 5 The following combinations do not require mixing to remain stable. They are exemplified in Example 5. Ingredients Types Preferred Types Level Preferred Level Dispersant MA/DIB or AA/HPA MA/DIB or AA/HPA 3. 0-22. 5 MA/DIB 5. 6-16. 8 MA/DIB 0. 5-22. 5 AA/HPA 2. 8-14 AA/HPA Thickener Hydrophobically-modified Hydrophobically-0. 2-10 0. 5-5 hydroxyalkyl cellulose modified hydroxyethyl MW 10, 000-10, 000, 000 cellulose MW 50, 000-2, 000, 000 Thickener HEUR effective HEUR effective 2-10 5-10 hydrophobe C4-C3o MW hydrophobe C6-C24 10, 000-200, 000 MW 12, 000-150, 000 TiO2 Universal coated with 1-7% Universal coated with 600-1500 700-1400 Al203, up to 15% SiO2, up 1. 5-5% Al203, 1. 2-12% to 15% ZrO2 SiO2, up to 4% ZrO2 Combination No. 6 The following combinations requires occasional mixing to remain stable. They are exemplified in Example 6. Ingredients Types Preferred Types Level Preferred Level Dispersant AA/HPA AA/HPA 0. 5-22. 5 2. 8-14 Thickener Hydrophobically-modified Hydrophobically-1-10 2-7 hydroxyalkyl cellulose modified hydroxyethyl MW 10, 000-1, 000, 000 cellulose or MW 50, 000-1, 000, 000 Hydroxyethyl cellulose 1-10 2-7 MW 10, 000-1, 000, 000 Hydroxyethyl cellulose or MW 100, 000- combinations of the above 1, 000, 000 or combinations of the above with : 2-12 4-10 HEUR effective hydrophobe C4-C30 MW HEUR effective 10, 000-200, 000 hydrophobe C6-C24 2-12 3-6 or MW 12, 000-150, 000 attapulgite clay Tir :, Universal coated with 1. 0-Universal coated with 600-1500 700-1400 7% Al203, up to 15% SiO2, 1. 5-5% Al203, 1. 2-12% up to 15% Zr02 Si02, up to 4% ZrO2 Combination No. 7 The following combinations requires occasional mixing to remain stable. They are exemplified in Example 7. Ingredients Types Preferred Types Level Preferred Level Dispersant PAA PAA 1. 2-45 3. 5-28 Thickener HASE effective hydrophobe HASE effective 0. 3-5 1. 0-3 C6-C22 MW 10, 000-hydrophobe C6-ClS 7, 000, 000 MW 100, 000- 5, 000, 000 TiO2 Universal coated with 1-7% Universal coated with 600-1500 700-1400 A1203, up to 15% SiOz, up 1. 5-5% A1z03, 1. 2-12% to 15% ZrO2 SiO2, up to 4% ZrO2 Combination No. 8 The following combinations requires constant mixing to remain stable. They are exemplified in Example 8. Ingredients | Types | Preferred Types | Level | Preferred Level Dispersant MA-DIB MA-DIB 1. 2-18 3. 5-14 Thickener Hydrophobically-modified Hydrophobically-0. 5-10 0. 5-8 hydroxyalkyl cellulose modified hydroxyethyl MW 10, 000-1, 000, 000 cellulose or MW 50, 000-1, 000, 000 Hydroxyethyl cellulose MW 10, 000-1, 000, 000 Hydroxyethyl cellulose or MW 100, 000- combinations of the above 1, 000, 000 Tin, Universal coated with 1-Universal coated with 600-1500 700-1400 7% Al203, up to 15% SiO2, up 1. 5-5% Al203, 1. 2-12% to 15% ZrO2 SiO2, up to 4% ZrO2 Combination No. 9 The following combinations requires constant mixing to remain stable. Ingredients Types Preferred Types Level Preferred Level Dispersant AA/HPA AA/HPA 0. 6-22. 5 2. 8-14 Thickener HASE effective hydrophobe HASE effective 0. 1-3 0. 3-2 C6-C22MW 10, 000-7, 000, 000 hydrophobe C6 C, 8 MW 100, 000- 5, 000, 000 TiO2 Universal coated with 1-7% Universal coated with 600-1500 700-1400 Al203, up to 15% SiO2, up to 1. 5-5% A1203, 1. 2-12% 15% ZrO2 SiO2, up to 4% ZrO2 Combination No. 10 The following combinations will require constant mixing to remain stable. Ingredients Types Preferred Types Level Preferred Level Dispersant MA/DIB MA/DIB 0. 6-45 2. 8-21 Thickener HASE effective hydrophobe HASE effective 0. 1-3 0. 3-2 C6-C22MW 10, 000-7, 000, 000 hydrophobe C6-C, 8 MW 100, 000- 5, 000, 000 TiO2 Universal coated with 1-7% Universal coated with 600-1500 700-1400 Al203, up to 15% SiO2, up to 1. 5-5% Al203, 1. 2-12% 15% Zr02 Si02, up to 4% ZrO2 Combination No. 11 The following combinations require constant mixing to remain stable. Ingredients Types Preferred Types Level Preferred Level Dispersant MA/DTB MA/DIB 1. 2-18 3. 5-14 Thickener HEUR effective hydrophobe HEUR effective 0. 2-20 10-16 C4-Cs2 MW 10, 000-200, 000 hydrophobe C4-C12 or MW 12, 000-150, 000 HEUR effective hydrophobe 0. 8-5 0. 2-2 C6-C30 average MW 10, 000- HEUR effective 200, 000 hydrophobe C6-C24 or MW 12, 000-150, 000 combinations thereof I I I TiO2 Interior grade coated with 1-Interior grade coated 600-1500 700-1400 7% 7% Al203, up to 5% SiO2 with 2-5% Al203, up to | 3% Si02 Test Procedures The Stormer viscosity of the mixtures is measured using ASTM method D562.

The Brookfield viscosity of the mixtures is measured using spindle #4 of a Brookfield viscometer at 6 rpm.

The ICI viscosity of the mixtures is measured using ASTM method D3205-77.

In the following examples, the mixtures may be prepared using a laboratory mixer having a 45° pitch stirring blade. The water and optional dispersant, defoamer, surfactant and/or biocide are combined and mixed. The titanium dioxide slurry is slowly added and the mixture is stirred for 15-20 minutes. The binder and optional coalescent, rheology modifier, ammonia, and additional water, if necessary, are then added.

In the above description and in the examples, the following abbreviations are used : Abbreviations AA Acrylic acid PAA Polyacrylic acid MA/DIB Maleic acid/diisobutylene copolymer AA/HPA Acrylic acid/hydroxypropyl acid BMA/MAA Butylmethacrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer SMA Styrene or alpha methylstyrene/alkylacrylate (optional)/methacrylic or acrylic acid copolymers or terpolymers HEC Hydroxyethyl cellulose HMHEC Hydrophobically-modified HEC HEUR Hydrophobically-modified ethylene oxide-based urethane block copolymers HASE Hydrophically-modified alkali soluble emulsions TiO2 Titanium dioxide Al203 Alumina or oxide of aluminum SiO2 Silica or oxide of silicon ZrO2 Zirconium dioxide cps centipoises MW molecular weight as measured by gel permeation chromatography EXAMPLES Example 1 Mixtures A to E described below will require no mixing to remain stable. Ingredients A Ibs/100 gallons Grind prepared on Cowles disperser Water 258. 35 Propylene glycol 50 TamolT"'731 MA/DIB 53. 42 dispersant Foamaster VL defoamer 1. 50 Triton CF-10 surfactant 2. 00 Kathon (D LX biocide Ti-Pure R706 universal-1335. 56 grade TiO2 Letdown prepared on Cowles disperser Ammonia hydroxide 0. 6 (28%) Foamaster VL defoamer 1. 50 Acrysol RM-2020NPR 30. 00 HEUR thickener Letdown (on low speed mixer) Acrysol RM-2020NPR 40. 40 HEUR thickener Water 68. 96 KU initially after 90 preparation pH initially after 9. 20 preparation ICI initially after 2. 8 preparation Brookfield viscosity 2500 (cps at 1. 25 sec') Actual scale prepared 50 (gallons) Ingredients B C D E Ibs/100 gallons Ibs/100 gallons lbs/100 gallons lbs/100 gallons Grind prepared on Cowles disperser Water 130 130 130 130 Propylene glycol 50 50 50 50 Tamol 731 MA/DIB 29. 38 29. 38 29. 38 29. 38 dispersant Foamaster (D VL defoamer 3. 00 3. 00 3. 00 3. 00 Triton CF-10 surfactant 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 Kathon LX 1. 5% 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 biocide Ti-Pure R-706 734. 56 734. 56 734. 56 734. 56 universal-grade TiO2 Rhoplex (!) SG-I OM 151. 20 151. 20 151. 20 151. 20 acrylic binder Texanol0 coalescent 12. 5 12. 5 12. 5 12. 5 Ammonium hydroxide 0. 60 0. 60 0. 60 0. 60 (28%) Opaque@ Ultra opaque 164. 44 164. 44 164. 44 164. 44 polymer Acrysol (DRM-2020NPR 30 30 30 30 HEUR thickener Letdown prepared on low speed mixer) Co-thickener type AcrysolRM-2020NPR AcrysolORM-AcrysolSCT-AcrysoiRM- HEUR 825 HEUR 275 HEUR 12W HEUR Level of co-thickener 33. 5 2. 24 2. 63 T 4. water 60. 0 91. 2 90. 8 88. 5 KU initially after 93 99 96 96 preparation pH initially after 8. 80 8. 78 8. 76 8. 74 preparation ICI initially after 3. 0 1. 7 1. 8 1. 7 preparation Brookfield viscosity 3010 3710 6010 24000 (cps at 1. 25 sec') Actual scale prepared 50 50 50 50 (gallons) I I I Example 2 Mixtures A to G described below will require no mixing to remain stable. Ingredients A B C D lbs/100 gallons Ibs/100 gallons lbs/100 gallons lbs/100 gallons Crind prepared on Cowles disperser Water 228. 00 228. 00 228. 00 228. 00 Propylene glycol 50. 00 50. 00 50. 00 50. 00 TamoldE) 1254 AA/MAA 38. 16 38. 16 38. 16 38. 16 dispersant Triton CF-10 surfactant 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 Foamaster VL defoamer 1. 50 1. 50 1. 50 1. 50 Kathon LX 1. 5% biocide 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 Ti-Pure R900 interior-1335. 52 1335. 52 1335. 52 1335. 52 grade TiO2 Letdown prepared on Cowles disperser Foamaster VL defoamer 1. 50 1. 50 1. 50 1. 50 Water 97. 00 97. 00 97. 00 97. 00 Ammonium hydroxide 0. 4 0. 4 0. 4 0. 4 (28%) _ _ Acrysol0 (DDR-I HASE 1. 0 1. 0 1. 0 1. 0 thickener Letdown prepared on low speed mixer Acrysol DR-1 HASE 4. 5. 5. 6. 6. 7. 7. thickener Water 83. 96 82. 96 81. 96 80. 96 KU initially after 77 80 83 87 preparation pH initially after preparation 0. 4 0. 5 0. 6 0. 6 ICI initially after 9. 06 8. 98 8. 89 8. 79 preparation Brookfield viscosity 12800 14500 15000 16700 (cps at 1. 25 sec') Actual scale prepared 50 50 50 50 (gallons) E F G lbs/100 gallons Ibs/100 gallons lbs/100 gallons Grind prepared on Cowles disperser Water 228. 00 228. 00 228. 00 Propylene glycol 50. 00 50. 00 50. 00 Tamol 1254AA/MAA 38. 16 38. 16 38. 16 dispersant Triton CF-10 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 surfactant Foamaster VL 1. 50 1. 50 1. 50 defoamer KathonOLX 1. 5% 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 biocide Ti-Pure R900 interior-1335. 52 1335. 52 1335. 52 grade TiO2 Letdown prepared on Cowles disperser Foamaster VL 1. 50 I. 50 1. 50 defoamer Water 97. 00 97. 00 97. 00 Letdown prepared on low speed mixer Thickener type Acrysol DR-Acrysol0 DR-1 Acrysol0 DR- 73 HASE HASE 3 HASE Level of thickener 6. 86 6. 08 6. 04 Ammonia hydroxide 0. 40 0. 30 0. 22 (28%) Water 82. 08 82. 96 83. 08 KU initially after 81 81 81 preparation pH initially after 0. 8 0. 6 0. 7 preparation ICI initially after 9. 01 8. 96 8. 99 preparation Brookfield viscosity 15700 15300 15200 (cps at 1. 25 sec') Actual scale prepared 50 50 50 (gallons) I I I I Example 3 Mixture A described below will require no mixing to remain stable. Ingredients A lbs/100 gallons Grindprepared on Cowles disperser Water 228. 00 Propylene glycol 50. 00 Tamol 1254 AA/MAA dispersant 38. 16 Triton@ CF-10 surfactant 2. 00 Foamaster (E) VL defoamer 50 KathonLX 1. 5% biocide 2. 00 Ti-PureO R900 interior-grade TiO2 1335. 52 Letdown prepared on Cowles disperser Foamaster (E) VL defoamer 50 Water 97. 00 Letdown prepared on low speed mixer Natrosol0 250 MHR (3. 5% solution in 41. 16 water) HEC thickener Water 48. 18 KU initially after preparation 80 pH initially after preparation 0. 6 ICI initially after preparation 9. 37 Brookfield viscosity 15100 (cps at 1. 25 sec') Actual scale prepared (gallons) 50 Example 4 Mixture A described below will require no mixing to remain stable. Ingredients A lbs/100 gallons Grind prepared on Cowles disperser Water 168. 76 Propylene glycol 62. 5 Tamolt) 1254 AA/MAA dispersant 26. 24 Foamaster VL defoamer 1. 88 Triton CF-10 surfactant 2. 50 Kathon LX 1. 5% biocide 2. 50 Ti-Pure R902 universal-grade TiO2 918. 2 Letdown prepared on Cowles disperser Foamaster (D VL defoamer 1. 88 Ropaque Ultra opaque polymer 205. 56 Letdown prepared on a low speed mixer Natrosol Plus 430 (4% in solution in 89. 52 water) HMHEC thickener Ammonia hydroxide (28%) 0. 46 Water 55. 46 KU initially after preparation 97 pH initially after preparation 8. 77 ICI initially after preparation 1. 0 Brookfield viscosity 18000 (cps at 125 sec') Actual scale prepared (gallons) 50 Example 5 Mixtures A to C described below will require no mixing to remain stable. Ingredients A lbs/100 gallons Grind prepared on Cowles disperser Water 160 Propylene glycol 50 Tamolt) 1124 AA/HPA dispersant 7. 35 KathonLX 1. 5% biocide 2. 00 Ti-Pure R706 universal-grade TiO2 918. 2 Letdown prepared on Cowles disperser Foamaster0 VL defoamer 1. 5 Ropaque Ultra opaque polymer 205. 56 AcrysolORM-2020NPR HEUR thickener 40. 0 Natrosol Plus 330 (3% in solution in 68. 32 water) HMHEC thickener Ammonium hydroxide (28%) 2. 16 Water 76. 3 KU initially after preparation 98 pH initially after preparation 8. 73 ICI initially after preparation 13 Brookfield viscosity 18500 (cps at 1. 25 sec') Actual scale prepared (gallons) 50 Ingredients B lbs/100 gallons Crind prepared on Cowles disperser Water 130 Propylene glycol 50 Tamol (E) 731 MA/DIB dispersant 29. Foamastert) VL defoamer 1. 50 Tritont) CF-10 surfactant 2. 00 KathonLX 1. 5% biocide 2. 00 Ti-PuredE) R706 universal-grade TiO2 734. 56 Letdown prepared on Cowles disperser Rhoplex SG-I OM acrylic binder 151. 20 Texanol (D coalescent 12. 5 Ammonium hydroxide (28%) 0. 60 Opaque) Ultra opaque polymer 164. 44 FoamasterX VL defoamer 1. 50 Acrysol@RM-2020NPRHEUR thickener'30. 00 Letdown prepared on low speed mixer Natrosold3 Plus 330 (3% in solution in 27. 6 water) HMHEC thickener Water 65. 82 KU initially after preparation 98 pH initially after preparation 8. 73 ICI initially after preparation 1. 9 Brookfield viscosity 10800 (cps at 1. 25 sec') Actual scale prepared (gallons) 50 Ingredients C lbs/100 gallons Grind prepared on Cowles disperser Water 130 Propylene glycol 50 TamoI@731MA/DIBdispersant 30. 04 Foamaster VL defoamer 1. 50 Triton@ CF-10 surfactant 2. 00 KathonX LX 1. 5% biocide 2. 00 Kronos (D 2102 universal-grade TiO2 751. 09 RhoplexS SG-IOM acrylic binder 151. 2 Texanol coalescent 12. 49 Ammonia hydroxide (28%) 0. 60 Ropaque Ultra opaque polymer 164. 44 Foamaster VL defoamer 1. 50 Acrysol (3) RM-2020NPR HEUR thickener 30. 00 Letdown prepared on low speed mixer Natrosol (D Plus 330 (3% in solution in 25. 04 water) HMHEC thickener Water 67. 76 KU initially after preparation 99 pH initially after preparation 1. 8 ICI initially after preparation 9. 22 Brookfield viscosity 10100 (cps at 1. 25 sec') Actual scale prepared (gallons) 50 Example 6 Mixtures A to D described below will require occasional mixing to remain stable. Ingredients A B ibs/100 gallons lbs/100 gal Grind prepared on Cowles disperser Water 272. 7 272. 7 TamolO 1124 AA/HPA dispersant 7. 35 7. 35 Kathond3LX 1. 5% biocide 2. 00 2. 00 Ti-Puret) R706 universal-grade TiO2 918. 2 918. 2 Letdown prepared on low speed mixer I Triton0 CF-10 surfactant 0 1. 0 Propylene glycol 50 50 Foamaster VL defoamer 1. 5 1. 5 RopaqueO Ultra opaque polymer 205. 56 205. 56 Natrosol Plus 330 (3% in solution in 192 113 water) HMHEC thickener Attagel 50 attagulpite clay (100% solid) 5. 0 Ammonia hydroxide (28%) 1. 96 1. 98 KU initially after preparation 92 94 pH initially after preparation 0. 5 0. 5 ICI initially after preparation 8. 87 8. 75 Brookfield viscosity 23000 27700 (cps at 125 sec') Actual scale prepared (gallons) 57 53 Ingredients Ibs/100 gallons lbs/100 gallons Grindprepared on Cowles disperser Propylene glycol 50 50 Water 160 160 Tamouls 1124 AA/HPA dispersant 7. 35 7. 35 KathonLX 1. 5% biocide 2. 00 2. 00 Ti-Pure R706 universal-grade TiO2 918. 2 918. 2 Letdown prepared on low speed mixer Foamaster VL defoamer 1. 5 1. 5 Ropaque Ultra opaque polymer 205. 56 205. 56 Natrosol Plus 330 (3% in solution in 80. 06 water) HMHEC thickener NatrosolOR 250 MHR (3. 5% in solution in 134. 7 water) HEC thickener Ammonium hydroxide (28%) 1. 80 1. 86 Water 106. 7 50. 22 KU initially after preparation 94 98 pH initially after preparation 8. 68 8. 67 ICI initially after preparation 0. 5 0. 8 Brookfield viscosity 18700 28200 (cps at 1. 25 sec') Actual scale prepared (gallons) 50 50 Example 7 Mixtures A to E described below will require occasional mixing to remain stable. Ingredients A B C D E lbs/100 lbs/100 lbs/100 lbs/100 lbs/100 gallons gallons gallons gallons gallons Grindprepared on Cowles disperser Water 115 115 115 115 93. 46 Propylene glycol 50 50 50 50 40. 64 Tamol 1254 AA/MAA dispersant 20. 99 10. 49 31. 48 41. 97 25. 59 Foamaster VL defoamer 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 2. 44 Triton@ CF-10 surfactant Kathon@LX 1. 5% biocide 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 2. 00 1. 63 Ti-Pure R706 universal-grade TiO2 734. 56 734. 56 734. 56 734. 56 596. 96 Foamaster VL defoamer 1. 50 1. 50 1. 50 1. 50 Opaque Ultra opaque polymer 164. 44 164. 44 164. 44 164. 44 133. 64 Letdown prepared on low speed mixer Res 3083 emulsion 140. 10 140. 10 140. 10 140. 10 245. 05 Texanol coalescent 1137 1137 11. 37 11. 37 15. 73 Acrysol (! 9 DR-3 HASE thickener 9. 7. 12 5. 67 4. 12 7. 92 Ammonium hydroxide (28%) 2. 12 2. 34 1. 96 1. 81 2. 28 Water 150. 8 145. 55 138. 67 144. 138. KU initially after preparation 100 101 99 97 98 pH initially after preparation 8. 69 8. 54 8. 68 8. 4 ICI initially after preparation 0. 9 0. 8 0. 8 0. 7 1. 1 Brookfield viscosity 27700 29200 31600 29900 23800 (cps at 1. 25 sec~') Example 8 Mixtures A and B described below will require constant mixing to remain stable. Ingredients A B lbs/100 lbs/100 gallons gallons Grind prepared on Cowles disperser Water 174. 98 174. 98 Propylene glycol 62. 49 62. 49 Tamol 731 MA/DIB dispersant 36. 72 36. 72 Foamaster VL defoamer 1. 87 1. 87 TritonCJ CF-10 surfactant 2. 50 2. 50 Kathon (E) LX I. 5% biocide 2. 50 2. 50 Ti-Pure (E) R706 universal-grade TiO2 918. 918. 918. Letdown prepared on Cowles disperser FoamasterS VL defoamer 1. 87 1. 87 Ropaque Ultra opaque polymer 205. 53 205. 53 Letdown on a low speed mixer Natrosol Plus 330 (3% in solution in 45. 09 water) HMHEC thickener Natrosol0 250 MHR (3. 5% in solution 127. 69 45. 09 in water) HEC thickener Ammonium hydroxide (28%) 1. 00 1. 34 Water 0 80. 99 KU initially after preparation 99 99 pH initially after preparation 8. 69 8. 76 ICI initially after preparation 1. 6 0. 8 Brookfield viscosity 20200 22700 (cps at 1. 25 sec') Actual scale prepared (gallons) 100 100 Supplier Information Material Name Description Supplier Tamoul 1124 Dispersant Rohm and Haas Company (Philadelphia, PA) TamolTM 1254 Dispersant Rohm and Haas Company (Philadelphia, PA) Tamoul 731 MA/GIB Dispersant Rohm and Haas Company (Philadelphia, PA) Acrysol DR-1 HASE Thickener Rohm and Haas Company (Philadelphia, PA) AcrysolT DR-3 HASE Thickener/Rheology Rohm and Haas Company Modifier (Philadelphia, PA) Acrysol'DR-73 HASE Thickener Rohm and Haas Company (Philadelphia, PA) Acrysol RM-2020 NPR HEUR Thickener/Rheology Rohm and Haas Company Modifier (Philadelphia, PA) Rhoplex SG-1OM Emulsion Polymer Binder Rohm and Haas Company (Philadelphia, PA) RES 3083 Emulsion Polymer Binder Rohm and Haas Company (Philadelphia, PA) Kathon LX 1. 5% Biocide Rohm and Haas Company (Philadelphia, PA) Triton CF-10 Surfactant Union Carbide Corporation (Danbury, CT) Foamaster VL Defoamer Henkel Corporation (King of Prussia, PA) Ti-Pure'R-706 Titanium Dioxide E. I. Dupont de Nemours and Co., Inc. (Wilmington, DE) Ti-Pure R-900 Titanium Dioxide E. I. Dupont de Nemours and Co., Inc. (Wilmington, DE) Ti-PureT R-902 Titanium Dioxide E. I. Dupont de Nemours and Co., Inc. (Wilmington, DE) Kronas 2102 Universal Kronas (Houston, (Houston, Titanium Dioxide Ropaque Ultra Opaque Rohm and Haas (Philadelphia, PA) Synthetic/Polymer Texanol'Coalescent Eastman Chemical (Kings Port, TN) NatrosolW HEC Thickner Hercules (Wilmington, DE) Natrosol Plus 430 HMHEC Thickener Hercules (Wilmington, DE) Natrosol) Plus 330 HMHEC Thickener Hercules (Wilmington, DE) Natrosol (ED 250 MHR HEC Thickener Hercules (Wilmington, DE) Attrgelt 50 Attapulgite Clay Engelhardt (Edison, NJ)