Description of the Prior Art Prior reversible ratchet wrenches typically include a pawl resiliently engaged with a gear coupled to a square drive member. When the pawl is engaged with the tooth gear, a user can only rotate the handle relative to the gear or square drive in one direction. The pawl is engaged by a spring dispose in a bore of the body of the wrench and an unconnected ball at an end of the spring. Often, when the trench is being assemble or disassembled, the unconnected ball biased by the spring will pop free from the tool. This causes lost time in assembly and, often, the loss of the ball.

In other applications, springs have been coupled to locking structure. For example, a spring coil has been connecte to a narrow, circumferential groove in the cylindrical body portion of a lock pin for forming a releasable lock to maintain a detachable wrench head coupled to my associated handle. Since the body portion of the lock pin is cylindrical, it is difficult to insert the coil of the spring into the groove and, since the groove is narrow, only one coil can be accommodated in the groove, possibly making the connection between the spring and lock pin weak.

Summary of the Invention It is a general object of the invention to provide an improved biasing structure for the pawl of a ratchet wrench which avoids the disadvantages of prior biasing structures while affording additional structural and operating advantages.

An important feature of the invention is the provision of a biasing structure which is of relatively simple and economical structure.

Another feature of the invention is the provision of a structure of the type set forth which makes ratchet wrench assembly and repair quick and easy.

A further feature of the invention is the provision of a biasing structure of the type set forth, which is safer and less prone to separation and loss.

Certain ones of these and other features of the invention may be attained by providing a biasing structure for maintaining a pawl in engagement with a gear of a ratchet wrench. The structure inclues an elongated plunger having an axis, a pawl engagement end, a spring insertion portion having a free end, a central portion connecting the engagement end to the spring insertion portion, and an annular first shoulder having a shoulder diameter formed between the spring insertion portion and the central portion. The spring insertion portion is tapered from a maximum diameter at the first shoulder to a minimum diameter at the free end. A compression spring is coupled to the plunger and has a plurality of coils, wherein at least one of the coils has a diameter less than the shoulder diameter and is dispose about the central portion.

The invention consists of certain novel features and a combination of parts hereinafter fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and particularly pointed out in the appende claims, it being understood that various changes in the details may be made without departing from the spirit, or sacrificing any of the avantages of the present invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the invention, there is illustrated in the accompanying drawings a preferred embodiment thereof, from an inspection of which, when considered in connection with the following description, the invention, its construction and operation, and many of its avantages should be readily understood and appreciated.

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the ratchet wrench of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view taken generally along line 2-2 of FIG. 1, but with the reversing lever and pawl shown partially in elevation in a first position; FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken generally along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is a sectional view, similar to FIG. 3, wherein the pawl has been moved to its other position; FIG. 5 is an enlarged side elevationa. l view of the spring and plunger assembly of the wrench of FIG. 1; FIG. 6 is a further enlarged view similar to FIG.

5, with portions of the spring coils broken away; and FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken generally along the line 7-7 of FIG. 6.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring to FIGS. 1-4, a reversible ratchet wrench 10 is illustrated. The ratchet wrench 10 inclues an elongated handle 12 and a head 14 including first, second and third bores 15a-c (FIG. 2) communicating with one another, and a ratcheting mechanism 16 dispose therein.

The ratcheting mechanism 16 inclues a square 18 having an axis A for connecting to a socket or the like. The square 18 is coupled to a gear 20 dispose in bore 15a and having a plurality of teeth 22. The ratcheting mechanism 16 also inclues a pawl 24 dispose in bore 15b. The pawl 24 is pivotably movable about an axis parallel to axis A. As seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, the pawl 24 has counter-clockwise ratcheting teeth 26, clockwise ratcheting teeth 28, a bore 29, and a projection 30 separating a counter-clockwise groove 32 from a clockwise groove 34.

A reverse lever 36 is coupled to the pawl 24 by a screw 38 threadedly engaged in the bore 29 of the pawl 24.

The reverse lever 36 moves the pawl 24 between forward and reverse ratcheting positions.

The ratcheting mechanism 16 also inclues biasing structure 40, at least partially dispose in bore 15c. As seen best in FIGS. 5 and 6, the biasing structure 40 inclues a compression spring 42 and a plunger 44. The spring 42 inclues end coils 46,48 having an inside diameter d1 (see FIG. 7) and a plurality of central coils 50.

The central coils 50 have inside and outside diameters respectively greater than the inside and outside diameters of the end coils 46,48.

The plunger 44 inclues a generally bullet-shaped pawl engagement end 52, a generally frustoconical-shaped spring insertion portion 54 having a free end 56, and a cylindrical central portion 58 connecting the pawl engagement end 52 with the spring insertion end 54. An annular shoulder 60 is formed between the central portion 58 and the pawl engagement end 52. The annular shoulder 60 has a diameter d2 greater than the outside diameter d3 of the coils 50 (see FIG. 7). An annular shoulder 62 is also formed between the central portion 58 and spring insertion end 54. The annular shoulder 62 has a diameter d4 (see FIG.

7) greater than the internal diameter d1 of the end coils 46, 48. As discussed above, the spring insertion end 54 is generally frustoconical and has a minimum diameter ds (see FIG. 7) at its free end 56 and tapers to a maximum diameter at the annular shoulder 62. The diameter d5 of the free end 56 is preferably less than the internal diameter of any of the coils 46-50. This diameter d5 of the free end 56 and the tapering of the spring insertion end 54 allows the plunger 44 to easily be inserted into the coils 46-50 and coupled to the spring 46 by placing the free end 46 through end coil 46, which with resiliently expand until end coil 46 is dispose over shoulder 62 and contacts annular shoulder 60, so that end coil 46 and one or more central coils 50 are dispose about the central portion 58. Since the diameter d4 of the annular shoulder 62 is greater than the internal diameter d1 of the end coil 46, the spring 44 is releasably trapped or coupled to the plunger 44. Since both end coils

46,48 of the spring 42 have a diameter smaller than annular shoulder 62, the plunger 44 can be inserted at either end of the spring 42 for release coupling to the spring 42.

As seen in FIGS. 2-4, the spring 42 (coupled to the plunger 44) is dispose in the bore 15c so the end coil 48 contacts the end of the bore 15c. As seen in FIG. 3, when the reverse lever 36 is in the position shown in FIG.

1, the pawl engagement end 52 is biased against the clockwise groove 34 of the pawl 24, biasing the clockwise ratcheting teeth 28 against the teeth 22 of the tooth gear 20, allowing the handle 12 to ratchet clockwise.

As seen in FIG. 4, when the reverse lever 36 has been moved to its opposite position, as shown in FIG. 1 by dashed line, the pawl engagement end 52 is biased against the counter-clockwise groove 32, biasing the conter- clockwise ratcheting teeth 26 into engagement with the teeth 22 of the tooth gear 20, thereby allowing the handle 12 to ratchet counterclockwise, all in a known manner.

While particular embodiments of the present inven- tion have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects. Therefore, the aim in the appende claims is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. The matter set forth in the foregoing description and accompanying drawings is offered by way of illustration only and not as a limitation. The actual scope of the invention is intended to be defined in the following claims when viewed in their proper perspective based on the prior art.