TITLE OF THE INVENTION

SUBSTITUTED ARYL PIPERAZINES AS NEUROKININ

ANTAGONISTS

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention disclosed herein is directed to certain substituted aryl piperazines useful as tachykinin receptor antagonists. In particular, the compounds disclosed herein are neurokinin receptor antagonists. The tachykinins, substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and neurokinin B (NKB), are structurally similar members of a family of neuropeptides. Each of these is an agonist of the receptor types, neurokinin- 1 receptor (NK-1), neuorokinin-2 receptor (NK-2) and neuorokinin-3 receptor (NK-3), which are so defined according to their relative abilities to bind tachykinins with high affinity and to be activated by the natural agonists SP, NKA and NKB respectively.

The neurokinin receptors are widely distributed throughout the mammalian nervous system (especially brain and spinal ganglia), the circulatory system and peripheral tissues (especially the duodenum and jejunum) and are involved in regulating a number of diverse biological processes. This includes sensory perception of olfaction, vision, audition and pain, movement control, gastric motility, vasodilation, salivation, and micturition (B. Pernow, Pharmacol. Rev., 1983, 35, 85- 141). The NK1 and NK2 receptor subtypes are implicated in synaptic transmission (Laneuville et al., Life Sci., 42: 1295-1305 (1988)).

Substance P acts as a vasodilator, a depressant, stimulates salivation and produces increased capillary permeability. It is also capable of producing both analgesia and hyperalgesia in animals, depending on dose and pain responsiveness of the animal (see R.C. A. Frederickson et al., Science, 199, 1359 (1978); P. Oehme et al., Science, 208, 305 (1980)) and plays a role in sensory transmission and pain perception (T.M. Jessell, Advan. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 28, 189 (1981)). In particular, substance P has been shown to be involved in the transmission of pain in migraine (see B.E.B. Sandberg et al., Journal of

Medicinal Chemistry, 25, 1009 (1982)), and in arthritis (Levine et al., Science, (1984) 226 547-549).

In the airways, it has been indicated that NK1 receptors are associated with microvascular leakage and mucus secretion, while NK2 receptors regulate smooth muscle contraction. Also, it has been shown that both substance P and neurokinin A are effective in inducing airway constriction and edema. Based on such findings, it is believed that substance P and neurokinin A may be involved in the pathogenesis of neurogenic inflammation, including allergic diseases such as asthma. (Frossard et al, Life Sci., 49, 1941-1953 (1991); Advenier, et al, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 184(3), 1418-1424 (1992)).

In experimental studies, sensory neuropeptides, especially tachykinins such as substance P and neurokinin A, can bring about many of the pathophysiological features of asthma. Neurokinin A is a very potent constrictor of human airways in vitro, and substance P causes mucus secretion in the airways. (Barnes P.J., Lancet, pp 242-44 (1986); Rogers D.R., Aursudkij B., Barnes P.J., Euro. J. Pharmacol, 174, 283- 86 (1989)).

Inhalation of bradykinin causes bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients but not in normal subjects. (Fuller R.W., Dixon C.M.S., Cuss F.M.C., Barnes P.J., Am Rev Respir Dis, 135, 176-80 (1987)). Since the bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction is partly opposed by anticholinergic agents and since bradykinin is only a weak constrictor of human airways in vitro, it has been suggested that the bronchoconstrictor response is partly mediated by a neural reflex. Bradykinin stimulates vagal afferent C fibers and causes bronchoconstriction in dogs. (Kaufman M.P., Coleridge H.M., Coleridge J.C.G., Baker D.G., J. Appl. Physio., 48, 511-17 (1980)). In guinea-pig airways, bradykinin causes a bronchoconstrictor response by way of cholinergic and sensory-nerve-mediated mechanisms. (Ichinoe M, Belvisi M.G., Barnes P.J., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 253, 594-99 (1990). Bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction in human airways may therefore be due partly to tachykinin released from sensory nerve terminals via axon reflex mechanisms. Clinical trials have shown that a

dual NK-l/NK-2 antagonist (such as FK-224) protects against bradykinin induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients. (Ichinoe, M. et al, Lancet, vol. 340, pp 1248-1251 (1992)).

The tachykinins have also been implicated in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and diseases of the GI tract, such as inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, etc. (see Mantyh et al, Neuroscience, 25 (3), 817-37 (1988) and D. Regoli in Trends in Cluster Headache Ed. F. Sicuteri et al, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, 1987, pp. 85-95). It is also hypothesized that there is a neurogenic mechanism for arthritis in which substance P may play a role (Kidd et al, "A Neurogenic Mechanism for Symmetric Arthritis" in The Lancet, 11 November 1989 and Gronblad et al, "Neuropeptides in Synovium of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis" in J. Rheumatol. (1988) 15(12) 1807-10). Therefore, substance P is believed to be involved in the inflammatory response in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis (O'Byrne et al, in Arthritis and Rheumatism (1990) 33 1023-8). Other disease areas where tachykinin antagonists are believed to be useful are allergic conditions (Hamelet et al, Can. J. Pharmacol. Physiol. (1988) 66 1361-7), immunoregulation (Lotz et al, Science (1988) 241 1218-21, Kimball et al, J. Immunol. (1988) 141 (10) 3564-9 and A. Perianin, et al, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 161, 520 (1989)) vasodilation, bronchospasm, reflex or neuronal control of the viscera (Mantyh et al, PNAS (1988) 85 3235-9) and, possibly by arresting or slowing β-amyloid-mediated neurodegenerative changes (Yankner et al, Science, (1990) 250, 279-82) in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, Alzheimer's disease and Downs Syndrome. Substance P may also play a role in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (J. Luber-Narod et al, poster presented at C.I.N.P. XVIIIth Congress, 28th June-2nd July, 1992). Antagonists selective for the substance P and/or the neurokinin A receptor may be useful in the treatment of asthmatic disease (Frossard et al, Life ScL, 49, 1941-1953 (1991); Advenier, et al, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 184(3), 1418-1424 (1992)). These

antagonists may also be useful in the treatment of emesis. See C. Bountra, K. Bounce, T. Dale, C. Gardner, C. Jordan, D. Twissell and P. Ward, Eur. J. Pharmacol, 249, R3-R4 (1993) "Anti-emetic profile of a non-peptide neurokinin NK1 receptor antagonist", CP-99,994, in the ferret.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is directed to compounds of Formula I.

Ri

I

The invention is also concerned with pharmaceutical formulations with these novel compounds as active ingredients and the use of the novel compounds and their formulations in the treatment of certain disorders. The compounds of this invention are tachykinin receptor antagonists and are useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, pain or migraine, asthma and emesis.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In one embodiment, this invention is directed to compounds of

Formula I

Ar

\

N ~- ^R 9

<s >

F - N

Ri

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the nitrogen attached to Rl shown above is optionally quatemized with Cl-4alkyl or phenylCl-4alkyl or is optionally present as the N-oxide (N+0-), and wherein:

Rl is selected from a group consisting of: linear or branched Cl-8 alkyl, linear or branched C2-8 alkenyl, wherein the C 1-8 alkyl or C2-8 alkenyl is optionally mono, di, tri or tetra substituted, the substituents independently selected from:

(a) hydroxy,

(b) oxo,

(c) cyano, (d) halogen which is defined to include Br, Cl, I, and F,

(e) trifluoromethyl,

(f) phenyl or mono, di or tri-substituted phenyl, the substituents independently selected from

(I) phenyl, (2) hydroxy,

(3) Cι_3alkyl,

(4) cyano,

(5) halogen,

(6) trifluoromethyl, (7) -NR6COR7,

(8) -NR6CO2R7,

(9) -NR6CONHR7,

(10) -NR6S(0)jR7, wherein j is 1 or 2,

(I I) -CONR6R7, (12) -COR6,

(13) -CO2R6,

(14) -OR6,

(15) -S(0)kR6 wherein k is 0, 1 or 2,

(g) -NR6R7,

10

15

20

25

30

(28) imidazopyrazinyl,

(29) triazolopyrazinyl,

(30) naphthyridinyl,

(31) furopyridinyl, (32) thiopyranopyrimidyl and the 5-oxide and 5-dioxide thereof,

(33) pyridazinyl,

(34) quinazolinyl,

(35) pteridinyl,

(36) triazolopyrimidyl, (37) triazolopyrazinyl,

(38) thiapurinyl,

(39) oxapurinyl,

(40) deazapurinyl, wherein Ar items (1) to (40) are optionally mono or di- substituted, said substituents being independently selected from:

(a) C1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with

(1) oxo,

(2) hydroxy,

(3) OR6, (4) halogen,

(5) trifluoromethyl,

(6) phenyl or mono, di or tri-substituted phenyl, the substituents independently selected from hydroxy, cyano, halogen, and trifluoromethyl, (b) -(CH2)nS(0)k-(Cl-6 alkyl), wherein n is 0, 1 or 2,

(c) -(CH2)nS(0)j-NH ₂ ,

(d) -(CH2)nS(0)j-NH(Cl-6 alkyl),

(e) -(CH2)nS(0)j-NHR ₆ ,

(f) -(CH2) _n S(0)j-NR6-(Ci-6 alkyl), (g) -(CH2)nCONH2,

(h) -(CH2) _n CONH-(Cl-6 alkyl), (i) -(CH2) _n CONHR6, (j) -(CH ₂ ) _n CONR6-(Cl-6 alkyl), (k) -(CH ₂ )nC0 ₂ H,

R6is

(f) trifluoromethyl, (3) phenyl or mono di or tri-substituted phenyl, the substituents independently selected from: (a) hydroxy,

(b) Cl-3alkyl,

(c) cyano,

(d) halogen,

(e) trifluoromethyl, (5) Ci-3alkyloxy, or R6 and R7 are joined together to form a 5-, 6-, or 7- membered monocyclic saturated ring containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and in which the ring is unsubstituted or mono or di-substituted, the substituents independently selected from:

(1) hydroxy,

(2) oxo, (3) cyano,

(4) halogen,

(5) trifluoromethyl,

R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen or substituted Cl-4alkyl wherein the substitutent is selected from the group consisting of (1) hydroxy,

(2) hydrogen,

(3) cyano,

(4) halogen,

(5) trifluoromethyl, (6) Cl-3alkyloxy, provided that when Ar is phenyl, pyridyl or pyrimidyl then Ar is mono di or tri-substituted, and further provided that when Ar is mono substituted phenyl then the substituent is other than halo, hydroxy, -OCi-4alkyl, CF3 or Cl-4alkyl, and further provided that when Ar is di- or tri-substituted, at least one of the substituents is other than halo, hydroxy, -OCl-4alkyl, CF3 or Cl-4alkyl.

One genus within this embodiment is the compounds of Formula I wherein:

Rl is selected from a group consisting of:

C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 linear or branched alkyl, unsubstituted or mono, di or tri-substituted, the substituents independently selected from:

(a) hydroxy,

(b) Cl or F,

(c) phenyl or mono, di or tri-substituted phenyl, the substituents independently selected from: (1) phenyl,

(2) hydroxy,

(3) Cl-3alkyl,

(4) cyano,

(5) halogen, (6) trifluoromethyl,

(d) -NR6COR7, wherein R6 is hydrogen or C 1-3 alkyl and R7 is phenyl optionally substituted with Cl, F, CF3 or Cl-3alkyl,

(e) -NHS(0)jR6, (f) -COR6,

(h) -OR6, Ar is selected from the group consisting of:

(1) phenyl,

(2) pyrazinyl, (3) pyrazolyl,

(4) pyridyl,

(5) pyrimidyl, and

(6) thienyl, wherein Ar is unsubstituted or mono or di-substituted, the substituents independently selected from

(a) C1-3 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with

(1) oxo,

(2) hydroxy,

(3) OR6,

R9 is hydrogen.

One class of compounds within this genus is the compounds of Formula I wherein:

Ar is mono substituted or di-substituted phenyl wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of:

(a) Cl-3 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with (1) oxo,

(2) hydroxy,

(3) OR6,

(b) -CH2NR6-(C 1-2 alkyl),

(c) -CH2NH-C(0)-Cl-3alkyl, (d) -CH2NH-C(0)NH2,

(i) -CH2NH-C(0)NHCl-3alkyl, (j) -CH2NH-C(0)N-diCl-3 alkyl), (k) -CH2NH-S(0)j-C 1 -3alkyl,

(1) -CH2-heteroaryl group, with the heteroaryls selected from the group consisting of:

(1) imidazolyl,

(2) oxazolyl,

(3) pyridyl,

(4) tetrazolyl, (5) triazolyl, the heteroaryl group is unsubstituted, mono, di or tri substituted, the substituents selected from:

(a) hydrogen,

(b) C l-6 alkyl, branched or unbranched, unsubstituted or mono or disubstituted, the substituents being selected from hydrogen and hydroxy.

Illustrating the invention are the compounds wherein Ar is selected from

CH,

A second genus of this invention encompasses the compounds of Formula I wherein Ar is selected from the group consisting of:

Ho

Illustrating the invention are the following compounds as well as those listed in Table 1 :

Cl

COCH,

/

Cl

Cl

As appreciated by those of skill in the art, halo as used herein are intended to include chloro, fluoro, bromo and iodo. Similarly, Cl-6, as in Cl-6alkyl is defined to identify the group as having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbons, such that Ci-6alkyl specifically includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl

Exemplifying the invention are the compounds of the Examples 1-32.

In an alternative embodiment the compounds of formula I are co-administered with a β2-agonist such as: Bambuterol, US 4,419,364 issued to Draco on 12/6/83; Bitolterol mesylate, US 4,138,581 issued to Sterling 2/6/79; Carbuterol, US 3,763,232 issued to Smith Kline 10/2/73; Clenbuterol, US 3,536,712 issued to Boehringer Ingelheim 10/27/70; Dopexamine, US 4,645,768 issued to Fisons 2/24/87; Formoterol, US 3,994,974 issued to Yamanouchi 11/30/76; Mabuterol, US 4,119,710 issued to Boehringer Ingelheim 10/10/78; Pirbuterol hydrochloride US 3,700,681 issued to Pfizer 10/24/72; Procaterol hydrochloride US 4,026,897 issued to

Otsuka 5/31/77; Ritodrine hydrochloride US 3,410,944 issued to North American Philips 11/12/68; Brosaterol, US 4,276,299 issued to Zambon 6/30/81 and US 4,520,200 issued to Zambon 5/28/85; Cimaterol, US 4,407,819 issued to American Cyanamid 10/4/83; Docarpamine, US 4,228,183 issued to Tanabe 10/14/80; Salmeterol, US 4,992,474 issued to Glaxo 2/21/91 and US 5,091,422 issued to Glaxo 2/25/92.

The compounds of Formula I are particularly useful in the treatment of diseases or conditions that are advantageously treated by contomitant antagonism of both NK1 and NK2 receptors or NK1, NK2 and NK3 receptors. These diseases include neuropathy, such as diabetic or peripheral neuropathy and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy; asthma; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis; and migraine.

In a second alternative embodiment the compounds of Formula I may be co- administered with another NK1 or NK2 antagonist such as those described in:

Appln No. DO-139125, filed 08-Jun-78, Pub. 12-Dec-79; Appln No. EP-82568, filed 22-Dec-81, Pub. 29-Jun-83; Appln No. EP-490379, filed 13-Dec-90, Pub. 17-Jun-92; Appln No. EP-353732, filed 05-Aug-88, Pub. 07-Feb-90; Appln No. EP-161007, filed 13-Jan-84, Pub. 13-Nov-85; Appln No. EP-385-43, filed 28-Feb-89, Pub. 05-Sep-90; Appln No. WO8301251, filed 09-Oct-81, Pub. 14-Apr-83; Appln No. BE-894602, filed 09-Oct-81, Pub. 31-Jan-83; Appln No. DE3205991, filed 19-Feb-82, Pub. 01-Sep-83;

Appln No. EP-327009, filed 02-Feb-88, Pub. 09-Aug-89;

Appln No. EP-336230, filed 05-Apr-88, Pub. l l-Oct-89;

Appln No. 394989, filed 28-Apr-89, Pub. 31-Oct-90;

Appln No. AU9068010, filed 22-Dec-89, Pub. 27-Jun-91; Appln No. EP-482539, filed 24-Oct-90, Pub. 29-Apr-92;

Appln No. EP-443132, filed 10-Dec-90, Pub. 28-Aug-91;

Appln No. EP-498069, filed 21-Dec-90, Pub. 12-Aug-92;

Appln No. W09222569, filed 19-Jun-91, Pub. 23-Dec-92;

Appln No. J04297492, filed 24-Oct-91, Pub. 21-Oct-92; Appln No. US4997853, filed 02-Dec-88, Pub. 05-Mar-91;

Appln No. EP-272929, filed 24-Dec-86, Pub. 29-Jun-88;

Appln No. EP-360390, filed 25-Jul-88, Pub. 28-Mar-90;

Appln No. US3862114, filed 22-Nov-71, Pub. 21-Jan-75;

Appln No. EP-219258, filed 30-Sep-85, Pub. 22-Apr-87, Appln No. US4742156, filed 30-Sep-85, Pub. 03-May-88;

Appln No. EP-401177, filed 29-May-89, Pub. 05-Dec-90;

Appln No. WO9202546, filed 03-Aug-90, Pub. 20-Feb-92;

Appln No. EP-176436, filed 26-Sep-84, Pub. 02-Apr-86;

Appln No. US4680283, filed 26-Sep-84, Pub. 14-Jul-87; Appln No. WO9220661, filed 22-May-91, Pub. 26-Nov-92;

Appln No. EP-520555, filed 24-Jun-91, Pub. 30-Dec-92;

Appln No. EP-347802, filed 20-Jun-88, Pub. 27-Dec-89;

Appln No. EP-412542, filed 10-Aug-89, Pub. 13-Feb-91;

Appln No. WO9005729, filed 23-Nov-88, Pub. 31-May-90; Appln No. WO9005525, filed 23-Nov-88, Pub. 31-May-90;

Appln No. EP-436334, filed 04-Jan-90, Pub. 10-Jul-91;

Appln No. W09118878, filed 31-May-90, Pub. 12-Dec-91;

Appln No. W09118899, filed 01-Jun-90, Pub. 12-Dec-91;

Appln No. WO9201688, filed 23-Jul-90, Pub. 06-Feb-92; Appln No. WO9206079, filed 28-Sep-90, Pub. 16-Apr-92;

Appln No. W09212152, filed 03-Jan-91, Pub. 23-Jul-92;

Appln No. W09212151, filed 10-Jan-91, Pub. 23-Jul-92;

W09215585, filed Ol-Mar-91, Pub. 29-Apr-92; Appln No.

WO022-676, filed 22-May-91, Pub. 26-Nov-92; Appln No.

W09221677, filed 31-May-91, Pub. 10-Dec-92; Appln No.

WO9300331, filed 20-Jun-91, Pub. 07-Jun-93; Appln No.

WO9300330, filed 21-Jun-91, Pub. 07-Jan-93; Appln No.

WO9109844, filed l l-Jul-91, Pub. l l-Jul-91; Appln No. EP-429366, filed 23-Nov-89, Pub. 29-May-91 ; Appln No.

EP-430771, filed 23-Nov-89, Pub. 05-Jun-91; Appln No.

EP-514274, filed 17-May-91, Pub: 19-Nov-92; Appln No.

EP-514276, filed 17-May-91, Pub. 19-Nov-92; Appln No.

EP-514275, filed 17-May-91, Pub. 19-Nov-92; Appln No. EP-514273, filed 17-May-91, Pub. 19-Nov-92; Appln No.

EP-428434, filed 06-Nov-89, Pub. 22-May-91; Appln No.

EP-474561, filed 09-May-90, Pub. l l-Mar-92; Appln No.

EP-512901, filed 03-May-91, Pub. l l-Nov-92; Appln No.

EP-512902, filed 03-May-91, Pub. l l-Nov-92; Appln No. EP-515240, filed 03-May-91, Pub. 25-Nov-92; Appln No.

US4472305, filed 17-May-83, Pub. 18-Sep-84; Appln No.

US4839465, filed 20-Jan-87, Pub. 13-Jun-89; Appln No.

EP- 101929, filed 28- -82, Pub. 07-Mar-84; Appln No.

WO9102745, filed 16-Aug-89, Pub. 07-Mar-91; Appln No. US3912711, filed 03-Jul-72, Pub. 14-Oct-75; Appln No.

US4059693, filed l l-Jun-76, Pub. 22-Nov-77; Appln No.

US4481139, filed 13-Apr-83, Pub. 06-Nov-84; Appln No.

US7358073, filed 24-Oct-88, Pub. 19-Dec-89; Appln No.

US7261627, filed 24-Oct-88, Pub. 07-Mar-89, which are hereby incorporated by reference.

In a third alternative embodiment the compounds of

Formula I can be co-administered with a leucotriene antagonist, such a leucotriene D4 antagonist, exemplfied by those disclosed in EP O

480,717, published April 15, 1992; US 5,270,324, issued December 14, 1993; EP O 604,114, published June 1994; and US 4,859,692, issued

August 22, 1989. This combination is particularly useful in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and cough.

In a fourth enbodiment the compounds of Formula I may be used in combination with a aerosolized corticosteroid such as Kenalog, Aristocort, Nasalide, Preferid, Benecorten or others such as disclosed in U.S.2,789,118, U.S. 2,990,401, 3,048,581, U.S. 3,126,375, U.S. 3,929,768, U.S. 3,996,359, U.S. 3,928,326 and 3,749,712.

The compounds of Formula I are useful in the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of clinical conditions (as detailed in this specification) which are characterized by overstimulation of the tachykinin receptors, in particular NK1, NK2 and NK3. These conditions may include disorders of the central nervous system such as anxiety, depression, psychosis and schizophrenia; neurodegenerative disorders such as AIDS related dementia, senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome; demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neuropathological disorders such as diabetic or peripheral neuropathy, AIDS related neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, and neuralgia; respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive airways disease, bronchopneumonia, bronchospasm and asthma; inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, fibrositis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis; allergies such as eczema and rhinitis; hypersensitivity disorders such as poison ivy; ophthalmic diseases such as conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, and the like; cutaneous diseases such as contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and other eczematoid dermatitis; addiction disorders such as alcholism; stress related somatic disorders; reflex sympathetic dystrophy such as shoulder/hand syndrome; dysthymic disorders; adverse immunological reactions such as rejection of transplanted tissues and disorders related to immune enhancement or suppression such as systemic lupus erythematosis; gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and diseases of the GI tract such as disorders associated with the neuronal control of viscera such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, incontinence, nausea, and emesis, including acute, delayed, post-operative, late-phase, and anticipatory emesis, such as emesis induced by for example chemotherapy, radiation,

surgery, migraine, toxins, such as metabolic or microbial toxins, viral or bacterial infections, pregnancy, vestibular disorder, motion, mechanical stimulation, psychological stress or disturbance, high altitude, weightlessness, intoxication, resulting for example from consumption of alcohol, and variations in intercranial pressure, in particular, for example, drug or radiation induced emesis or post¬ operative nausea and vomiting; disorders of bladder function; fibrosing and collagen diseases such as scleroderma and eosinophilic fascioliasis; disorders of blood flow caused by vasodilation and vasospastic diseases such as angina, migraine and Reynaud's disease; and pain or nociception, for example, that is attributable to or associated with any of the foregoing conditions especially the transmission of pain in migraine. Hence, these compounds are readily adapted to therapeutic use for the treatment of physiological disorders associated with the overstimulation of the tachykinin receptors, in particular NK1, NK2 and NK3.

The compounds of the present invention are particularly useful in the treatment of pain or nociception and/or inflammation and disorders associated therewith such as, for example: neuropathy, such as diabetic or peripheral neuropathy and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy; asthma; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis; and migraine. For the treatment of any of these diseases compounds of Formula I may be administered orally, topically, parenterally, ICV, by inhalation spray or rectally in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles. The term parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intracisternal injection or infusion techniques. In addition to the treatment of warm-blooded animals such as mice, rats, horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, etc., the compounds of the invention are effective in the treatment of humans. The pharmaceutical compositions containing the active ingredient may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs. Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according

to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations. Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets. These excipients may be, for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example, starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example, magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. The tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate may be employed. They may also be coated by the techniques described in the US Patents 4,256,108; 4,166,452; and 4,265,874 to form osmotic therapeutic tablets for control release.

Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example, peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.

Aqueous suspensions contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Such excipients are suspending agents, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl- cellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example, lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example, polyoxyethylene stearate,

or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example, heptadecaethylene-oxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example, polyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example, ethyl, or n-propyl, p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.

Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil, for example, arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin. The oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example, beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forth above, and flavoring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.

Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients, for example, sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, may also be present.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, for example, olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example, liquid paraffin or mixtures of these. Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring gums, for example, gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally- occurring phosphatides, for example, soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example, sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example,

polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents.

Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloring agents. The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally- acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butane diol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.

The compounds of Formula I may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the drug. These compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non- irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials are cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols. For topical use, creams, ointments, jellies, solutions or suspensions, etc., containing the compounds of Formula I are employed. (For purposes of this application, topical application shall include mouth washes and gargles.)

In the treatment of a condition associated with an excess of tachykinins, an appropriate dosage level will generally be about 0.001 to 50 mg per kg patient body weight per day which can be administered in single or multiple doses. Preferably, the dosage level will be about 0.01 to about 25 mg/kg per day; more preferably about 0.05 to about 10 mg/kg per day. A suitable dosage level may be about 0.001 to 25 mg/kg

per day, about 0.005 to 10 mg/kg per day, or about 0.005 to 5 mg/kg per day. Within this range the dosage may be 0.005 to 0.05, 0.05 to 0.5 or 0.5 to 5.0 mg/kg per day. The compounds may be administered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times per day, preferably once or twice per day.

TACHYKININ ANTAGONISM ASSAY

The compounds of this invention are useful for antagonizing tachykinins, in particular substance P and neurokinin A in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, central nervous system disorders, inflammatory diseases, pain or migraine and asthma in a mammal in need of such treatment. This activity can be demonstrated by the following assay.

A- Receptor Expression in COS

To express the cloned human neurokinin- 1 receptor (NK1R) transiently in COS, the cDNA for the human NK1R was cloned into the expression vector pCDM9 which was derived from pCDM8 (INVITROGEN) by inserting the ampicillin resistance gene (nucleotide 1973 to 2964 from BLUESCRIPT SK+) into the Sac II site.

Transfection of 20 μg of the plasmid DNA into 10 million COS cells was achieved by electroporation in 800 μl of transfection buffer (135 mM NaCl, 1.2 mM CaCl2, 1.2 mM MgCl2, 2.4 mM K2HPO4, 0.6 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM glucose, 10 mM HEPES pH 7.4) at 260 V and 950 uF using the IBI GENEZAPPER (IBI, New Haven, CT). The cells were incubated in 10% fetal calf serum, 2 mM glutamine, lOOU/ml penicillin- streptomycin, and 90% DMEM media (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY) in 5% C02 at 37 °C for three days before the binding assay. Similar methods were used to express the NK2 receptor.

B. Stable Expression in CHO

To establish a stable cell line expressing the cloned human NK1R, the cDNA was subcloned into the vector pRcCMV (INVITROGEN). Transfection of 20 μg of the plasmid DNA into CHO

cells was achieved by electroporation in 800 μl of transfection buffer supplemented with 0.625 mg/ml Herring sperm DNA at 300 V and 950 uF using the IBI GENEZAPPER (IBI). The transfected cells were incubated in CHO media (10% fetal calf serum, 100 U/ml pennicilin- streptomycin, 2 mM glutamine, 1/500 hypoxanthine-thymidine (ATCC), 90% IMDM media (JRH BIOSCIENCES, Lenexa, KS), 0.7 mg/ml G418 (GIBCO)) in 5% Cθ2 at 37°C until colonies were visible. Each colony was separated and propagated. The cell clone with the highest number of human NK1R was selected for subsequent applications such as drug screening.

Similar methods were used to express the human NK2 receptor.

C. Assay Protocol using COS or CHO The binding assay of human NK1R expressed in either COS or CHO cells is based on the use of 125l-substance P (125I-SP, from DU PONT, Boston, MA) as a radioactively labeled ligand which competes with unlabeled substance P or any other ligand for binding to the human NK1R. Monolayer cell cultures of COS or CHO were dissociated by the non-enzymatic solution (SPECIALTY MEDIA,

Lavallette, NJ) and resuspended in appropriate volume of the binding buffer (50 mM Tris pH 7.5, 5 mM MnCl2, 150 mM NaCl, 0.04 mg/ml bacitracin, 0.004 mg/ml leupeptin, 0.02 mg/ml BSA, 0.01 mM phosphoramidon) such that 200 μl of the cell suspension would give rise to about 10,000 cpm of specific 125I-SP binding (approximately 50,000 to 200,000 cells). In the binding assay, 500 ul of cells were added to a tube containing 20 μl of 1.5 to 0.25 nM of 125I-SP and 5 μl of unlabeled substance p or any other test compound in DMSO. The tubes were incubated at 4°C or at room temperature for 1 hour with gentle shaking. The bound radioactivity was separated from unbound radioactivity by GF/C filter (BRANDEL, Gaithersburg, MD) which was pre- wetted with 0.1% polyethylenimine. The filter was washed with 3 ml of wash buffer (50 mM Tris pH 7.5, 5 mM MnCl2, 150 mM NaCl) three times and its radioactivity was determined by gamma counter. A

similar assay was used for NK2 except 125I-NKA was used as the ligand.

The activation of phospholipase C by NK1R may also be measured in CHO cells expressing the human NK1R by determining the accumulation of inositol monophosphate which is a degradation product of IP3. CHO cells are seeded in 12- well plate at 250,000 cells per well. After incubating in CHO media for 4 days, cells are loaded with 0.025 uCi/ml of 3H-myoinositol by overnight incubation. The extracellular radioactivity is removed by washing with phosphate buffered saline. LiCl is added to the well at final concentration of 0.1 mM with or without the test compound, and incubation is continued at 37°C for 15 min. Substance P is added to the well at final concentration of 0.3 nM to activate the human NK1R. After 30 min of incubation at 37°C, the media is removed and 0.1 N HC1 is added. Each well is sonicated at 4°C and extracted with CHCl3/methanol (1: 1). The aqueous phase is applied to a 1 ml Dowex AG 1X8 ion exchange column. The column is washed with 0.1 N formic acid followed by 0.025 M ammonium formate-0.1 N formic acid. The inositol monophosphate is eluted with 0.2 M ammonium formate-0.1 N formic acid and quantitated by beta counter. similar methods were used to assess antagonism at the NK2 receptor, except NKA was used as the stimulating agonist.

The compounds of Formula I as Exemplified in the EXAMPLES below have been found to displace radioactive ligand for the NK-1 receptor at a concentration range of 0.01 nM to 1.0 μM, for the NK-2 receptor, 0.01 nM to 5 μM, and for the NK-3 receptor, 1.0 nM to 10 μM. For comparison the activity of FK-224 is disclosed in Ichinoe, M. et al, Lancet, vol. 340, pp 1248-1251 (1992).

TABLE 1

Piperazine Compounds as NKl -NK? and NK^ Antagonists

a Rb Re NKl NK2 NK3

/. N

3,4-diCl CH3 I nM 20 nM 200 nM

N N

CH3O

N 3,4-diCl CH3 0.2 nM 10 nM 60 nM

N H3 2.5 nM 25 nM 60 nM

H ₃ C— N X. ,N 4-C1 C

TABLE 1 CONTINUED

Ra Rb Re NKi NK2 NK3

3,4-diCl CH3 0.6 nM 15 nM 300 nM

3,4-diCl CH3 0.45 nM 20 nM 150 nM

3,4-diCl CH3 1.5 nM 40 nM 250 nM

3,4-diCl CH3 0.8 nM 35 nM 450 nM

3,4-diCl CH3 0.65 nM 35 nM 140 nM

3,4-diCl CH3 0.9 nM 25 nM 50 nM

3,4-diCl CH3 2 nM 10 nM 130 nM

TABLE 1 CONTINUED

Ra Rb Re NKi NK2 NK3

3,4-diCl CH3 0.3 nM 15 nM 55 nM

3,4-diCl CH3 1.5 nM 30 nM 300 nM

Several methods for preparing the compounds of this invention are illustrated in the following Schemes and Examples. Starting materials are made from known procedures or as illustrated. Substituted purines may be prepared as disclosed in US 5,057,517; imidazo(1.2-a)pyrazinyl, as disclosed in US 4,242,344; (1,2,4)- triazolo(1.5-a)pyrazinyl as disclosed in J. Org. Chem, 1974, 39, 2143 and J.C.S. Perkin I, 1980, 506; 1,7-naphthyridinyl as disclosed in J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 1753; furo(3.2-c)pyridinyl as disclosed in J. Heterocyclic Chem., 1982 ,19, 1207; and substituted 6-H-7,8-dihydro- thiopyrano(3.2-d)pyrimidyl as disclosed in Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 1986, 280, pp302-313. As appreciated by those of skill in the art, compounds bearing the substituents R8 and R9 may be prepared essentially as described in the Schemes.

The compounds of the present invention are prepared by alkylating piperazine 1 (Rl = H) under appropriate conditions (Scheme 1). In one method illustrated by Example 1, Step E, piperazine 1 (Rl = H) is combined with the appropriate aldehyde and the intermediate imine is reduced to the amine chemically (e.g. using sodium cyanoborohydride) or catalytically (e.g. using hydrogen and palladium on carbon or Raney nickel catalyst) (Scheme 1). The aldehyde needed

for this reaction can be prepared by methods generally known in the chemical literature; for the purposes of the present invention the preparation of a representative aldehyde is described in Examples 1 Step A by Hale, J.J.; Finke, P.E.; MacCoss, M. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 1993 3, 319-322.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, piperazine 1 (Rl = H) can be alkyl ated with an alkyl halide or alkyl sulfonate ester (with or without an added base to neutralize the mineral acid or sulfonic acid by-product) to give the desired compound (Scheme 1). The alkyl halide or alkyl sulfonate needed for this reaction can be prepared by methods generally known in the chemical literature; for the purposes of the present invention an aldehyde, prepared as described above, can be reduced to an alcohol with sodium borohydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride or lithium aluminum hydride, and the product alcohol converted to either the alkyl halide using methods described in March J., Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 382-384 (1985), or alkyl sulfonate ester using methods described in March J., Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, p. 444 (1985). In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, 1

(Rl = H) can be acylated to give the tertiary amide and subsequent reduction with a strong reducing agent (e.g. diborane including borane dimethylsulfide; and, lithium aluminum hydride) will give the desired compound (Scheme 1). The acylating agent needed for this reaction can be prepared by methods generally known in the chemical literature; for the purposes of the present invention an aldehyde, prepared as described above, can be oxidized using such commonly used reagents as permanganate in acid or silver oxide, and the resulting acid activated as an acid chloride or mixed anhydride which can be used to acylate I. The product amide can in and of itself be a neurokinin antagonist or can be reduced with a strong reducing agent, such as diborane or lithium aluminum hydride, to give the tertiary amine.

SCHEME I

RCHO, [H]

RCOX ^x Strong [H]

Optionally, Compound 1 formed in the alkylation step may be further modified in subsequent reactions. In one illustration of such an approach, the piperazine fragment may contain a nitro group, which is reduced to the amine after the coupling step. The resulting amine is further modified by acylation to provide the desired compounds. The piperazine fragment may also contain a protecting group such as a benzyl ester or a t-butyl ester. After reductive amination the protecting group is removed and the resulting acid is further reacted to provide additional analogs. Alternatively, the aldehyde portion may also contain a protecting group such as a t-butoxycarbonyl for an amino function. After reductive amination, the t-butoxycarbonyl group is removed by treatment with a strong acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid or

hydrochloric acid and the resulting amine may be acylated to provide other analogs.

The piperazine starting materials used in the coupling reaction are prepared using methods described in the literature; more specifically as described in Meurer, US 5,057,517; US 4,242,344; J. Org. Chem, 1974, 39, 2143 and J.C.S. Perkin I, 1980, 506; J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 1753; J. Heterocyclic Chem., 1982 ,19, 1207; Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 1986, 280, pp302-313 ; Meurer, L.. C. et al, J. Med. Chem., 1992, 35, 3845-3857. None of these published compounds are claimed to be neurokinin antagonists. Alternatively, the piperazine substrates can be prepared as illustrated in Schemes 2-4.

Substituted 4-arylpiperazines can be prepared from appropriate fluorobenzene derivative as shown in Scheme 2. Thus, reaction of 2-fluorobenzonitrile with 1-t-butoxycarbonylpiperazine in the presence of a base such as K2CO3 gives l-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2- cyanophenyl)-piperazine. Reduction of the cyano group by hydrogenation in the presence of Raney nickel or by other known methods gives a benzyl amine which can be acylated (Example 1, Step D). The t-butoxycarbonyl protecting group is removed by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid or anhydrous HCl to give a piperazine which can be used in the reductive amination step (Example 1 , Step E). Similar reactions using 2-chloro-nitrobenzene in the place of 2- fluorobenzonitrile can provide compounds containing a substituted aniline. Analogs containing a benzoic acid or its derivatives can be prepared by substituting 2-fluorobenzoic acid in this sequence.

SCHEME 2

Acylation

Arylpiperazine derivatives containing heterocyclic substituents can be synthesized as shown in Scheme 3. Reaction between 2-fluorobenzaldehyde and 1-t-butoxycarbonylpiperazine as described above gives l-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-formylphenyl)-piperazine (Example 9, Step A). Reduction of the aldehyde and treatment of the resulting alcohol with methanesulfonyl chloride gives a mesylate, while treatment of the alcohol with triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrabromide gives the bromide. Displacement of the mesylate by a heterocycle such as imidazole (Example 9, Step C) in the presence of a base and removal of the t-butoxycarbonyl protecting group furnishes piperazine which is used in the coupling reactions described in Scheme I.

SCHEME 3

Preparation of piperazines containing a heteroaryl substituent is outlined in Scheme 4. Reaction of 1-t-butoxycarbonyl- piperazine with a chloro substituted heteroaromatic compound such as 8-chloro-l,7-naphthyridine (Example 22, Step A) or 8-chloro-( 1,2,4)- triazolo(l,5-a)pyrazine (Example 23, Step A) gives a protected piperazine. Removal of the t-butoxycarbonyl protecting group by treatment with acid provides the piperazine substrate for use in the coupling step.

SCHEME 4

Preparation of hydroxymethyl derivatives of the target compounds is outlined in Scheme 5. The oxazolidinone imide is made from the indicated acid, by formation of the corresponding acid chloride (by treatment with oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride) and addition of N-lithio 2(S)-benzyl oxazolidinone. The enolate azidation can be accomplished by a variety of methods, such as the procedure of Evans, D. A.; et. al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4011-4030. Reduction of the oxazolidinone moiety can be carried out by a variety of metal hydride reagents (e.g. LiBUj/MeOH, LiAlU _t , etc.). The azide is then reduced by treatment with PPI13/Η2O or NaBH Formation of the cyclic carbamate is accomplished by literature methods; i.e. phosgene, triphosgene or carbonyl diimidazole. The target compounds are prepared by oxidative cleavage of the olefin to the aldehyde followed by reductive amination with an amine salt as described for Scheme 1. In one method illustrated by Example 48, the aldehyde is reductively aminated with a heteroaryl substituted aryl piperazine to afford the target precursors. Hydrolysis of the cyclic carbamate under basic conditions (for example, potassium hydroxide in ethanol at elevated temperature) followed by selective amide formation at 0°C by combining with an active acylating agent derived from an aryl

carboxylic acid (for example, an aroyl chloride) gives the α- hydroxymethyl amides.

SCHEME5

Preparation of piperazines containing a heteroaryl substituent on a branched side chain is outlined in Scheme 6. Reaction of the 2-piperazinyl-benzaldehyde derivative whose synthesis is described in Scheme 3 with a carbon nucleophile such as a Grignard reagent, for example methyl magnesium bromide, provides the corresponding benzylic alcohol. Conversion to the benzylic amine can be carried out by treatment of the alcohol with potassium phthalimide in the presence of diethyl azodicarboxylate and triphenyl phosphine, to provide the benzylic N-phthalimido derivative. Heating with hydrazine hydrate then gives the free primary amine. Conversion to the corresponding benzylic amine can also be carried out by activation of the hydroxyl group with a alkyl- or arylsulfonyl chloride, such as p- toluenesulfonyl chloride, to give a benzylic sulfonate ester. The sulfonate ester is then displaced with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. Alternatively, the sulfonate ester can be displaced with a suitable salt of the azide anion, such as sodium azide, zinc azide, or tetrabutylammonium azide, and the resulting alkyl azide can be reduced to the primary amine with hydrogen gas in the presence of a suitable catalyst, such as 5% palladium on carbon. Alternatively, the alkyl azide can be reduced by treatment with triphenyl phosphine followed by hydrolysis to provide the primary amine.

The benzylic amine can then be derivatized with a number of electrophilic reagents, such as alkyl or aryl sulfonyl chlorides, carboxylic acid chlorides, carboxylic acid anhydrides, alkyl chloroformates, carbamyl chlorides or alkyl or aryl isocyanates to provide sulfonamides, carboxamides, ureas, or carbamates. These intermediates can then be deprotected under acidic conditions to remove the Boc group to provide the free piperazines for use in the coupling reactions described in Scheme I.

SCHEME 6

where X = -S0 ₂ -,-CO- ₍ -OC(0)- -CONH-, or -CONR'-

EXAMPLE 1

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl) -(methyl- amino butyl)-4-(Y2-acetylaminomethyl phenyl)-piperazine

Step A: 3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-((3,5- dimethylbenzoyPmethyl-amino)-butanal

To a suspension of 4.81 g (32 mmol) of 3,5-dimethyl- benzoic acid in 30 mL of CH2CI2 and 7 drops of DMF was added 3.3 mL (38 mmol) of oxalyl chloride. After stirring for 1 h all the solids were dissolved and gas evolution had stopped. The solution was concentrated and the residual acid chloride was dissolved in 20 mL of CH2C12- This solution was added to a solution of 7.2 g (29 mmol) of 3- (S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methylamino-l-pentene (prepared as described by J. Hale et al, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 1993, 3, 319-322) in 50 mL of CH2CI2 and 5.3 mL (38 mmol) of triethylamine (Et3N) with cooling in an ice bath. The ice bath was removed after 5 min and stirring was continued for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2CI2 and washed with water, 1.2 N HCl, saturated NaHC03 and brine. The solution was dried over Na2Sθ4 and concentrated to give 11.98 g of residual oil.

lH NMR (CDCI3, ppm ranges are given because of amide rotamers and line broadening) 2.26 (s, 6 H), 2.1-3.9 (m, 8 H), 4.9-5.1 (m, 2 H), 5.4- 5.7 (m, 1 H), 6.5 -7.4 (m, 6 H).

The residue was dissolved in 45 mL of acetone, 15 mL of t- butanol and 15 mL of water. To this solution 0.75 mL of osmium tetroxide (4% solution in water) and 3.63 g (31 mmol) of 4- methylmorpholine N-oxide were added. After stirring for 18 h, the reaction was quenched with approximately 30 mL of 10% aqueous Na2S03 and concentrated to 25% of the original volume. The residue was partitioned between water and 1 : 1 ether (Et2θ), ethyl acetate

(EtOAc), the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was reextracted with Et2θ:EtOAc. Each organic layer was washed with water, brine and dried by filtering through Na2Sθ4. The combined filtrate was concentrated to afford the crude diol. A solution of the diol in 60 mL of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 20 mL of water was treated with 6.63 g (31 mmol) of sodium periodate. After stirring for 2 h, the reaction was diluted with Et2θ:EtOAc and washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried (Na2Sθ4) and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by prep LC using 30% EtOAC/hexane to furnish 7.86 g (72% yield for three steps) of the title compound as a light yellow solid.

lH NMR (CDCI3, ppm ranges are given because of amide rotamers and line broadening) δ 2.27 (s, 6 H), 2.6-3.9 (m, 8 H), 6.5-7.5 (m, 6 H), 9.73 (s, 1 H).

Step B: l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-cyano)phenyl-piperazine

To a 30ml DMF solution of t-butylpiperazine carboxylate lOg (53.7mmol) and o-fluorobenzonitrile 4.34g (35.8mmol) were added potassium carbonate 22.26 g (161 mmol) and copper powder 230mg (3.6mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 150 °C in an oil bath overnight. After cooling to rt, the reaction mixture was concentrated reduced pressure. The residual material was suspended in EtOAc and was filtered through a pad of celite. The filtrate was washed with sat NH4CI aq. solution, dried over anhydrous Na2S04, filtered, concentrated, chromatographed on silica gel column eluting with Hexanes : EtOAc = 10: 1 to 7: 1 to give 7.84g of the title compound.

1H-NMR (400MHz CDC13) δ 1.46(9H,s), 3.13(4H, m), 3.61(4H, m), 6.99-7.04(2H, s), 7.46-7.58(2H,s).

Step C: l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-aminomethvDphenyl-piperazine

l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-cyano)phenyl-piperazine 3g (10.4mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (65ml) and liq. NH3 (13ml), and was hydrogenated in a bomb (H ₂ lOOOpsi, 80° C, 36hr). The solvent was then removed under reduced pressure to give the title compound. This material was used in step D below without further purification.

Step D: 4-(2-(Acetylaminomethyl phenylVpiperazine

A solution of 0.258 g (0.89 mmol) of 4-(2-aminomethyl)- phenyl- 1-t-butoxycarbonylpiperazine (from Step C above) in 3 mL of CH2CI2 was treated with 0.075 mL (1.06 mmol) of acetyl chloride and 0.15 mL (1.07 mmol) of Et3N. After stirring for 20 min the reaction mixture was diluted with CH2CI2 and washed with water, saturated NaHCθ3, brine and dried over Na2Sθ4. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was treated with 10 drops of anisole and 2 mL of cold TFA. The solution was stirred in an ice bath for 1 hr, then concentrated. The residue was partitioned between CH2CI2 and dilute NaOH. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and the filtrate was concentrated to furnish 0.198 g (96%) of the title compound which was used in the next step without purification.

1H NMR (CDCI3) δ 2.0 (s, 3 H), 2.90 (m, 4 H), 3.02 (m, 4 H), 4.52 (AB, 2 H), 6.55 (br s, 1 H), 6.85-7.4 (m, 4 H).

Step E: l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl> (methvl-amino ^' ))butv -4-( ^, 2-(acetylaminomethyl ^' )phenyl)-piperazine

To a solution of 0.12 g (0.32 mmol)of 3-((S)-(3,4- dichlorophenyl))-4-((3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butanal (Step A) in 1 mL of MeOH were added 0.099 g (0.42 mmol) of 4-(2- acetylaminomethyl)phenyl-piperazine (Step D), 0.3 g of powdered 4 A molecular sieves and 20 uL of acetic acid. After stirring the mixture for 1.5 h a solution of 0.063 g (1 mmol) of NaCNBH3 in 3 mL of THF was added. Some gas evolution was observed. After 1 h when the reaction was complete by TLC the mixture was filtered through a pad

of celite, the reaction flask and the pad were rinsed with MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated to approximately 2 mL and the residue was diluted with Et2θ:EtOAc. The Et2θ:EtOAc solution was washed with water, brine and dried over Na2Sθ4. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by prep TLC using 88: 10:2

EtOAc:MeOH:Et3N to isolate 0.163 g (86%) of the title compound as a white foam.

lH NMR (CDCI3, ppm ranges are given because of amide rotamers and line broadening) δ 1.98 (s, 3 H), 1.5-3.9 (m, 18 H), 2.27 (s, 6 H), 4.48 (AB, 2 H), 6.3-6.5 (br, 1 H), 6.6-7.5 (m, 10 H).

EXAMPLE 2

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dichlorobenzoyl) - ( ^' methylamino) )butyl)-4-(2- acetylaminomethyl phenylVpiperazine

Step A: 3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-((3,5- dichlorobenzoyPmethyl-aminoVbutanal

The title compound was prepared following the procedures described in Example 1, Step A but using 3,5-chlorobenzoyl chloride in the place of freshly prepared 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride.

lH NMR (CDCI3, ppm ranges are given because of amide rotamers and line broadening) δ 2.6-3.9 (m, 8 H), 6.7-7.5 (m, 6 H), 9.7 (s, 1 H).

Step B: l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5- dichlorobenzoyl)-(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2- acetylaminornethylphenyP-piperazine

The title compound was prepared by the procedure described in Example 1, Step E by substituting 3-((S)-(3,4-

dichlorophenyl))-4-((3,5-dichlorobenzoyl)methylamino)butanal as the aldehyde component.

Mass Spectrum (Cl) 637 (37Q + 35C1 isotope), 635 (35C1 + 35Q isotope).

The compounds in Examples 3-8 were prepared by reacting the requisite piperazine with either 3-((S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl))-4- ((3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butanal (Example 1, Step A) or 3- ((S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl))-4-((3,5-dichlorobenzoyl)methylami no) butanal (Example 2, Step A) according to the procedure of Example 1, Step E. The piperazine substrates were synthesized by the method of Example 1, Step D by substituting the appropriate acylation reagent.

EXAMPLE 3

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl) -(methyl- amino))butyl)-4-((2-methylaminocarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl)- piperazine

Mass Spectrum (Cl) 612 (37d + 35Q isotope), 610 (35d + 35Q isotope).

EXAMPLE 4

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl) -(methyl- amino))butyl)-4-((2-dimethylaminocarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl) - piperazine

Mass Spectrum (Cl) 626 (37d + 35C1 isotope), 624 (35C1 + 35C1 isotope).

EXAMPLE 5

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-(m ethyl- amino butyl -4-( ^' 2-methylsulfonylaminomethylphenylVpiperazine Mass Spectrum (Cl) 633 (37d + 35C1 isotope), 631 (35C1 + 35C1 isotope).

EXAMPLE 6

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dichlorobenzoyl) -(methyl- amino))butyl)-4-((2-methylaminocarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl)- piperazine

Mass Spectrum (Cl) 652 (37Q + 35C1 isotope), 650 (35d + 35C1 isotope).

EXAMPLE 7

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dichlorobenzoyl) -(methyl- amino))butyl)-4-((2-dimethylaminocarbonylaminomethyl)phenyl) - piperazine

Mass Spectrum (Cl) 668 (37d + 35d isotope), 666 (35d + 35C1 isotope).

EXAMPLE 8

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dichlorobenzoyl) -(methy^ amino butyl)-4-(2-methylsulfonylaminomethylphenv -piperazine Mass Spectrum (Cl) 675 (37d + 35C1 isotope), 673 (35C1 + 35C1 isotope).

EXAMPLE 9

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-(m ethyl- amino )buty0-4-(2-(π '-imidazolyl)methyl phenylVpiperazine

Step A: l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-f2-formylphenylVpiperazine To a solution of 1 g (8 mmol) of 2-fluorobenzaldehyde in

14 mL of DMF was added 2.25 g (12.1 mmol) of t-butyl 1-piperazine- carboxylate. The resulting solution was treated with 50 mg (0.8 mmol) of copper powder and 5.1 g (36.3 mmol) of ground K2CO3 and the suspension was heated to 150°C in a sealed tube. After 18 h, the reaction was cooled and the contents of the tube were partitioned between water and EtOAc. The aqueous layer was reextracted with EtOAc and the organic layers were combined. The organic layer was washed with water, brine and dried. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was chromatographed on a flash column with 12% EtOAc- Hexane to furnish 1.15 g (49%) of 1 -t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-formyl- phenyl)-piperazine.

lH NMR (CDCI3) δ 1.44 (s, 9 H), 3.0 (m, 4 H), 3.59 (m, 4 H), 7.0-7.8 (m, 4 H), 10.31 (s, 1 H).

Step B: l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-f2-hydroxymethylphenyl)-piperazine

A solution of 1.15 g (3.96 mmol) of l-t-butoxycarbonyl-4- (2-formyl-phenyl)-piperazine in 10 mL of MeOH was treated with 0.15 g (3.96 mmol) of NaBH4. After 2 h the reaction was quenched by adding 1.2 N HCl and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc solution was washed with water, brine and dried. The filtrate was concentrated to yield 1.1 g (95%) of l-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2- hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-piperazine as a white foam which was used without purification.

lH NMR (CDCI3) δ 1.24 (s, 9 H), 2.92 (m, 4 H), 3.59 (m, 4 H), 4.84 (s, 2 H), 7.0-7.4 (m, 4 H).

Step C: 1 -t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(( 1 '-imidazolyl)methyl)phenyl)- piperazine

To 0.2 g (0.68 mmol) of l-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-hydroxy- methylphenyl)piperazine in 2 mL of CH2CI2 were added 0.064 mL (0.82 mmol) of methanesulfonyl chloride and 0.11 mL (0.82 mmol) of Et3N. After stirring for 30 min the reaction was partitioned between water and CH2C12- The CH2CI2 layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated and the residue was dissolved in 1 mL of DMF. This solution was added to a mixture of 51 mg (0.75 mmol) of imidazole in 1 mL of DMF and 18 mg (0.75 mmol) of NaH which had been stirred for 30 min. After heating the reaction mixture for 18 h at 60 °C, it was cooled and partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was chromatographed using 5% MeOH-CH2θ2 to isolate 0.096 g (41 %) of l -t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-((l'- imidazolyl)methyl)phenyl)-piperazine.

1H NMR (CDCI3) δ 1.46 (s, 9 H), 2.74 (m, 4 H), 3.53 (m, 4 H), 5.2 (s, 2 H) 6.89 (s, 1 H), 7.0-7.4 (m, 5 H), 7.54 (s, 1 H).

Step D: 4-(2-(π '-Imidazolyl)methyl)phenyl)-piperazine

Cold TFA (1 mL) and 0.1 mL of anisole were added to 0.096 g (0.28 mmol) of l-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-((l'-imidazolyl)- methyl)phenyl)-piperazine. The bath was removed and the mixture stirred for 1 h while it warmed to room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was partitioned between CH2CI2 and dilute NaOH. The CH2CI2 layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated to give 0.047 g (69%) of the title compound which was used without purification.

lH NMR (CDCI3) δ 2.78 (m, 4 H), 3.02 (m, 4 H), 5.2 (s, 2 H), 6.89-7.4 (m, 6 H), 7.54 (s, 1 H).

Step E: l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethyl benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-((l'-imidazolyl)- methyP-phenyPpiperazine

A reaction between 47 mg (0.19 mmol) of 4-(2-((l'- imidazolyl) methyl)phenyl)-piperazine and 92 mg (0.24 mmol) of 3- ((S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl))-4-((3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)methylami no)- butanal according to the method of Example 1, Step E furnished 55 mg (47%) of the title compound.

lH NMR (CDCI3, ppm ranges are given because of amide rotamers and line broadening) δ 1.5-3.9 (m, 18 H), 2.27 (s, 6 H), 5.14 (s, 2 H), 6.6- 7.6 (m, 13 H).

Mass Spectrum (Cl) 606 (37d + 35Q isotope), 604 (35C1 + 35Q isotope).

The compounds in Examples 10-14 were prepared by the procedure of Example 9 substituting the requisite heterocycle for imidazole in Step C and carrying out Step E with either 3-((S)-(3,4- dichlorophenyl))-4-((3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)methyl-amino)-butan al (from Example 1, Step A) or 3-((S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl))-4-((3,5- dichlorobenzoyl)methyl-amino)-butanal (from Example 2, Step A).

EXAMPLE 10

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dichlorobenzoyl) -(methyl- amino) ^' )butyD-4-(2-π'-π'.2'.4'-triazolyl methylphenylVpiperazine Mass Spectrum (Cl) 647 (37d + 35C1 isotope), 645 (35C1 + 35C1 isotope).

EXAMPLE 11

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzo amino^butvD^-^-π '-π '^' '-triazolvPmethylphenvP-piperazine Mass Spectrum (Cl) 607 (37Q + 35C1 isotope), 605 (35d + 35C1 isotope).

EXAMPLE 12

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl) -(methyl- amino ^' ) butylV4-( ^' 2-π '-( .2'.3'.4'-tetrazolvPmethylphenylVpiperazine Mass Spectrum (Cl) 608 (37Q + 35C1 isotope), 606 (35C1 + 35C1 isotope).

EXAMPLE 13

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl) -(methyl- amino butyl)-4-(2-(3'-pyridyloxy)ιnethylphenyl)-piperazine

The title compound was synthesized by the method of Example 9 by substituting 3-hydroxypyridine for imidazole in Step C.

Mass Spectrum (Cl) 633 (37Q + 35C1 isotope), 631 (35Q + 35C1 isotope).

EXAMPLE 14

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl) -(methyl- amino butyl)-4-(2-( 1 '-(2'π 'HVpyridone methylphenvP-piperazine

The title compound was prepared according to Example 9 and using 2-hydroxypyridine in Step C.

Mass Spectrum (Cl) 633 (37Q + 35Q isotope), 631 (35C1 + 35C1 isotope).

EXAMPLE 15

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichloroρhenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoy l)-(methyl- amino) butyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)piperazine

Step A: 3-(S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl) methylamino butanol

To a solution of 3-((S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(N-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butanal (2.5 g; from Example 1, Step A) in 35 mL of methanol at 0°C was added portionwise over 5 min sodium borohydride (400 mg). After stirring for 1 h at r.t., the reaction was slowly quenched with 2 N HCl and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic layers were washed with brine, dried (Na2S04), combined and evaporated to give 2.5 g (100%) of a crude oil. Residual water and methanol were removed by concentration from a portion of isopropyl acetate.

Step B: 4-Bromo-2-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-(N-(3,5-dimethyl- benzoyl)methy1amino)butane

To a solution of crude 3-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(N-

(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butanol (2.5 gm) from Step A in 30 mL of acetonitrile was added 3.5 g (8.25 mmol) of triphenylphoshine dibromide. The reaction was stirred at r.t. for 16 h and was then partitioned between ethyl ether and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried (Na2Sθ4) and concentrated. The residue was flash chromatograghed with a solvent gradient of 25-40% EtOAc/Hexanes to give 2.6 g (89% from Step A) of oil which solidified on standing.

Mass Spectrum (ESI 80/20 MeCN/H2θ, 0.01% TFA) M+H = 441, 443, 445(35,37C1, 79Br,8 lBr-isotope).

Step C: (3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)- (methyl-amino^butyl)-4-f2-methylphenvPpiperazine

A solution of 4-bromo-2-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-(N- (3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butane prepared in Step B (50 mg), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (40 ul) and l-(2-methylphenyl)-piperazine (40 mg) in 0.5 mL of acetonitrile was heated in a tightly capped vial at 50°C for four days. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified on a 1000 urn silica gel prep plate (4% MeOH/CH2θ2)) to furnish 30 mg (50%) of the title compound as a white foam.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 537,539 (35,37d-isotope).

EXAMPLE 16

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl )-(methyl- amino )butyl)-4-(phenyl )piperazine

Following essentially the same procedure as in Example 15 but substituting 1-phenylpiperazine (35 mg), 30 mg (51%) of the title compound was prepared.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 523, 525 (35,37d-isotope).

EXAMPLE 17

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl )-(methyl- amino butyl)-4-f9-f2-fluoroethvP-2-ιτιethoxy-purin-6-vD piperazine

A mixture of 4-bromo-2-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-(N- (3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butane prepared in Example 15, Step B above (43.5 mg), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (68 ul) and 9-(2- fluoroethyl)-2-methoxy-6-( l-piperazinyl)purine dihydrochloride (69 mg; prepared according to D.B. Johnston, M. MacCoss, S. Marburg, L. Meurer, and R. L. Tolman; U.S. Patent # 5,057,517) in 0.5 mL of acetonitrile was heated in a tightly capped vial at 50°C for four days. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified on a 1000 um silica gel prep plate (93:5:2 ethyl acetate:methanol:triethylamine) to furnish 32.5 mg of the title compound as a white foam.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 642, 644(35,37ci-isotope).

The compounds in Examples 18-30 were (unless otherwise stated) prepared from 4-bromo-2-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-(N-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butane (prepared in Example 15, Step B) and the appropiate piperazine derivatives by essentially the same procedure as in Example 17.

EXAMPLE 18

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl )- (methylamino))butyl)-4-(9-(2-methoxymethyl)-2-methoxy-purin- 6-yl) piperazine.

The starting piperazine was prepared according to D.B. Johnston, M. MacCoss, S. Marburg, L. Meurer, and R. L. Tolman; U.S. Patent # 5,057,517.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 640, 642 (35,37d-isotope).

EXAMPLE 19

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)- (methylamino) butyl)-4-(9-methyl-purin-6-yl)piperazine.

The starting piperazine was prepared according to D.B. Johnston, M. MacCoss, S. Marburg, L. Meurer, and R. L. Tolman; U.S. Patent # 5,057,517.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 580, 582 (35,37d-isotope).

EXAMPLE 20

l-(3-((S)-(4-Chlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)- (methylamino )butyl -4-(9-methyl-purin-6-yl piperazine.

The title compound was prepared from 4-bromo-2-(S)-(4- chlorophenyl)-l-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butane (prepared by analogy to 4-bromo-2-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-(N-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butane in Example 15, Steps A and B) and the requisite piperazine, which was prepared according to D.B. Johnston, M. MacCoss, S. Marburg, L. Meurer, and R. L. Tolman; U.S. Patent # 5,057,517.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 546,548 (35,37ci-isotope).

EXAMPLE 21

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl )- (methylamino))butyl)-4-(6-methyl-imidazo(l,2-a)pyrazin-l-yl) piperazine.

The starting piperazine was prepared according to L.C. Meurer, R.L. Tolman, E.W. Chapin, R. Saperstein, P.P. Vicario, M.F. Zrada and M. MacCoss, J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 3845-3857.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 579, 581 (35,37ci-isotope).

EXAMPLE 22

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylben (methylamino) butyl)-4-π .7-naphthyridin-8-yl)piperazine.

Step A: 8-π-f4-t-Butyloxycarbonyl ;piperazinyl .7-naphthyridine.

To a solution of 1.56 g(9.48 mml) of 8-chloro-l,7- naphthyridine (J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 1753) in 100 mL of isoamyl alcohol was added l-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)piperazine (6.36g, 34.15mmol). This solution was heated under reflux, under nitrogen for 2hr and then the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in CH2CI2 (lOOmL) and 10% aq. Na2C03 (lOOmL). After shaking, the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was washed with CH2CI2 (2 x lOOmL) and the pooled organic layers were dried (over MgS04), filtered, and evaporated to dryness. This oily residue was dissolved in a little CH2CI2, absorbed onto silica gel 60, and chromatographed on a dry-packed silica gel 60 column (3.5 x 20.5 cm) developed with EtOAc : hexanes (1 : 3). Fractions containing the desired product were pooled and evaporated to dryness to give a thick yellow syrup which crystallized on standing. Yield 2.78g (8.84mmol, 93% yield).

Mass Spec, showed M ⁺ at m/e 314.

Analysis calculated for C17H22 4O2 (314) C, 64.95; H, 7.05; N, 17.82 Found: C, 64.53; H, 6.71 ; N, 17.66

Step B: S-d-PiperazinylVU-naphthyridine dihvdrochloride

8-( 1 -(4-t-Butyloxy carbonyl)piperazinyl)- 1 ,7-naphthyridine, prepared as described above (1.02g. 3.24mmol), was dissolved in abs. EtOH (lOmL) and ethanolic HCl (8mL) was added. This solution was left at room temperature for lOmin and then was evaporated to dryness slowly under a nitrogen stream. This residue was evaporated to dryness from H2O and then from EtOH to give a white residue that was triturated under EtOH, filtered, and dried at 45°C in vacuo to give 0.7 lg (2.47mmol, 76% yield) of the title compound.

Analysis calculated for C12H16N4CI2 (287.19)

C, 50.19; H, 5.62; N, 19.51 Found: C, 49.89; H, 5.51 ; N, 19.28

Step C: l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)- (methylamino))butyl)-4-(1.7-naphthyridin-8-yPpiperazine.

The title compound was prepared by reacting 4-bromo-2- (S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-(N-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butane and 8-(l-piperazinyl)-l,7- naphthyridine dihydrochloride according to the procedure of Example 17.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 576, 578 (35,37ci-isotope).

EXAMPLE 23

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl )-

(methylamino butyl -4-f l .2.4-triazo]o(1.5-a pyrazin-8-yl piperazine.

Step A: 8-(l-(4-t-Butyloxycarbonyl)piperazinyl)-( 1,2,4)- triazolod ,5-a)pyrazine

8-Chloro-(l,2,4)-triazolo(l,5-a)pyrazine (J. Org. Chem, 1974, 39, 2143 and J.C.S. Perkin I, 1980, 506) (1.62g, 10.41mmol) and l-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)piperazine (8.15g, 43.76mmol, prepared as described in J. Het. Chem. 1990 27, 1559) were mixed and dissolved in EtOH (75mL). This solution was heated under reflux, under nitrogen, for 2hr and then the mixture was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in i-pentyl alcohol (75mL) and the reflux continued for 4hr. The reaction mixture was cooled and evaporated to dryness to give a yellow syrupy residue that was dissolved in CH2CI2 (60mL) and 10% aq. Na2C03 (60mL). After shaking, the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was washed with CH2G2 (2 x 60mL) and the pooled organic layers were dried (over MgS04), filtered, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in a little CH2O2, absorbed onto silica gel 60, and chromatographed on a dry-packed silica gel 60 column (3 x 36 cm) developed with EtOAc : hexanes (1 : 3). Fractions containing the required product were pooled and evaporated to dryness to give 2.15g (7.04mmol, 67% yield) of the title compound.

Mass Spec, showed M ⁺ at m/e 304.

Analysis calculated for C 14H20N6O2 (304.35)

C, 55.25; H, 6.62; N, 27.61 Found: C, 55.18; H, 6.53; N, 27.30

Step B: 8-(l-Piperazinyl)-(l,2,4)-triazolo(l,5-a)pyrazine dihvdrochloride

8-( 1 -(4-t-Butyloxycarbonyl)piperazinyl)-( 1 ,2,4)- triazolo(l,5-a)pyrazine (1.18g, 3.86mmol), was dissolved in EtOH : EtOAc (1 : 1, 40mL) with warming and ethanolic HCl (lOmL) was added. Precipitation occurred immediately and the mixture was left at room temperature for 2 /2 hr. The reaction mixture was blown down to dryness under a nitrogen stream and triturated under EtOH EtO Ac/Et2θ and the white solid so obtained was filtered off and

dissolved in CF3CO2H (15mL) and then evaporated under a stream of nitrogen over a period of 1 1/2 hr. The residue so obtained was evaporated to dryness twice from H2O and then dissolved in a little H2O and passed down a Dowex 1x2 (OH'form) column (2 x 26 cm) packed and developed in H2O. Fractions containing the required product were pooled and evaporated to dryness to give 0.78g (3.82mmol, 99% yield) of the title compound as the free base. This was dissolved in EtOH (15mL) with warming and ethanolic HCl was added. Immediate precipitation of the product occurred and this was filtered off after dilution with E12O to give l .OOg (3.61mmol, 94% yield overall) of the title compound.

Analysis calculated for C9H14N6CI2.O.5H2O (286.15) C, 37.77; H, 5.28; N, 29.37 Found: C, 37.63; H, 5.28; N, 29.23

Step C: l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)-£methylamino))butyl)-4-( 1,2,4- triazolof 1.5-a pyrazin-8-yl piperazine.

Reaction of 4-bromo-2-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-(N-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butane with 8-(l-piperazinyl)-( 1,2,4)- triazolo(l,5-a)pyrazine dihydrochloride as described in example 17 gave the title compound.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 566, 568 (35,37ci-isotope).

EXAMPLE 24

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl )- (methylamino))butyl -4-(5-methyl-pyrid-2-yl)piperazine.

The starting piperazine was prepared according to U.S. Patent # 4,876,256 (1989).

Mass Spectrum (CI NH3) M+H= 539, 541 (35,37d-isotope).

EXAMPLE 25

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl )- (methylamino) butyl)-4-(2-amino-pyrazin-4-yDpiperazine.

Step A: 2-Amino-4-( l -piperazinvPpyrimidine dihydrochloride

2-Amino-6-chloro-4-(l-piperazinyl)pyrimidine, prepared as described in J. Med. Pharm. Chem., 5, 558 (1962), (1.07g, 5mmol) was suspended in EtOH (lOOmL) and heated and sonicated to effect maximum dissolution. MgO (0.75g) was added followed by 5% Pd on C (0.48g). The mixture was hydrogenated for 183/4 hr at room temperature and then was warmed and filtered while hot through a Celite pad, washing the pad well with hot EtOH. The filtrate was evaporated to a white solid residue (1.14g, quantitative yield). An analytical sample was obtained by conversion to the dihydrochloride salt using ethanolic HCl in the usual fashion.

Anal. Calc. for C8H15N5CI2.O.IH2O (253.94):

C 37.84; H 6.03; N 27.58; Cl 27.92 Found: C 38.21; H 5.90; N 27.15; Cl 28.02

Step B: l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)-(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-amino- pyrazin-4-yl)piperazine.

Reaction of 4-bromo-2-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-(N-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butane with 2-amino-4-(l- piperazinyl)pyrimidine dihydrochloride according to the procedure given in Example 17 gave the title compound.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 541, 543 (35,37Q-isotope).

EXAMPLE 26

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzo (methylamino )butyl)-4-(furo(2.3-c)pyrid-4-yl))piperazine.

Step A: 7-(l-(4-t-Butyloxycarbonyl)piperazinyl)furo(2.3-c ^' )pyridine

7-Chlorofuro(2,3-c)pyridine, prepared as described in J. Heterocyclic Chem., 19, 1207 (1982), (1.54g, lOmmol) and 1- (t-butyloxycarbonyl)piperazine (7.45g, 40mmol) were mixed and heated at 180°C under nitrogen for 3hr, cooled, and the residue was partitioned between CHCI3 (50mL) and 5% aqueous NaHCθ3 (30mL). The organic phase was dried and evaporated to dryness and the oil so obtained was dissolved in CHCI3 and chromatographed on a column of silica gel, developed initially with CHCI3 and then with hexanes : EtOAc (3 : 1). Fractions containing the required product were pooled and evaporated to dryness to give 1.90g of the title compound.

anal. Calc. for C14H22N4O3 (294.36): C 57.12; H 7.53; N 19.03

Found: C 56.77; H 7.24; N 19.16

Step B: 7-(Piperazinyl furo(2.3-c)pyridine trifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared by deprotection of 7-(l- (4-t-butyloxycarbonyl)piperazinyl)furo(2,3-c)pyridine with trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride in the presence of anisole. The crude product was used immediately in Step C.

Step C: l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)-(methylamino))butyl)-4-(furo(2,3- c)pyrid-4-yl )piperazine.

Reaction of 4-bromo-2-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-(N-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butane with 7-(piperazinyl)furo(2,3- c)pyridine trifluoroacetate according to the procedure given in example 17 gave the title compound.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 565, 567 (35,37ci-isotope).

EXAMPLE 27

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl )-

(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-amino-7,8-dihydro-6H-thiopyrano (3,2- d pyrimid-4-yl piperazine.

The starting piperazine was prepared according to Kunch, Y., Iguchi, A., Gotch, M., Nomura, T., Shibata, M., Sakamoto, N. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 1986, 250, 302-313.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 613, 615 (35,37C!-isotope).

EXAMPLE 28

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl )- (methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-thiopyrano(3 ,2- d pyrimid-4-yl)piperazine.

The title compound was prepared by reaction of 4-bromo- 2-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-(N-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butane (Example 15, Steps A and B) and

2-methyl-7,8-dihydro-4-piperazinyl-6H-thiopyrano[3,2-d]pyrim idine (prepared by analogy to the preparation of 2-amino-7,8-dihydro-4- piperazinyl-6H-thiopyrano[3,2-d]pyrimidine, as described in Ohno et al, UK Patent Application GB 2,1 19,368 A, 16 Nov. 1983, by substituting acetamidine hydrochloride for guanidine carbonate in the reaction with ethyl 3-oxotetrahydrothiapyran-2-carboxylate) according to the procedure given in Example 17.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 612, 614 (35,37ci-isotope).

EXAMPLE 29

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)-(methylamino))butyl)-4-( 1,2,4- triazolo(1.5-a)pyrazin-8-yl piperazine.

The title compound was prepared by reaction of 4-bromo- 2-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- l-(N-(3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)methylamino)butane (prepared by analogy to 4-bromo-2-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- 1 -(N-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butane in Example 15, Steps A and B) and 8-(l-piperazinyl)-(l,2,4)-triazolo(l ,5-a)pyrazine dihydrochloride (prepared in Example 23, Step B) according to the procedure given in Example 17.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 674.

EXAMPLE 30

l-(3-((S)-(4-Chlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl )benzoyl)- (methylamino butyl -4-(1.2.4-triazolo(1.5-a)pyrazin-8-yl piperazine.

The title compound was prepared by reaction of 4-bromo- 2-(S)-(4-chlorophenyl)-l-(N-(3,5- bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)methylamino)butane (prepared by analogy to 4-bromo-2-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-(N-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butane in Example 15, Steps A and B) and 8-( 1 -piperazinyl)-( 1 ,2,4)-triazolo( 1 ,5-a)pyrazine dihydrochloride (prepared in Example 23, Step B) according to the procedure given in Example 17.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 640.

EXAMPLE 31

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl )-(methyl- amino))butyl)-4-(2-amino-7,8-dihydro-6H-thiopyrano(3,2-d)pyr imid- 4-yl piperazine-5-oxide

A solution of l -(3-((S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)-(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-amino-7,8-dihydro -6H- thiopyrano(3,2-d)pyrimid-4-yl)piperazine (13 mg; Example 27) in .5 mL of methanol at 0°C was treated with a solution of 17 mg of oxone in 0.5 mL of water. After three minutes the reaction was quenched with 10% aqueous sodium bisulfite and stirred for five minutes. The mixture was diluted with saturated sodium bicarbonate and extracted twice with dichloromethane. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried (Na2S04) and evaporated to a clear oil. Purification on a 1000 um silica gel prep plate (9: 1 CH2θ2:MeOH) provided 4.6 mg of product as a white foam.

Mass Spectrum (CI NH3) M+H = 629, 631(35,37d-isotope).

EXAMPLE 32

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-( methyl- amino))butyl)-4-(2-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-thiopyrano(3,2-d)py rimid- 4-yl)piperazine-5-oxide

The title compound was prepared by following essentially the same procedure as in Example 31 but employing l-(3-((S)-(3,4- dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-(3,5-dimethyl-benzoyl)-(methylamino))b utyl)-4- (2-methyl-7,8-dihydro-6H-thiopyrano(3,2-d)pyrimid-4-yl)piper azine (from Example 28) as starting material.

Mass Spectrum (CI/NH3) M+H = 628, 630 (35,37d-isotope).

EXAMPLE 33

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(2'-

CtetrazolyDmethyDphenyD-piperazine

Step A: 3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-((N-3,5-bis- trifluoromethylbenzoyl)methylamino)-butanal

Following the procedure described in Example 1 step A, 3-((S)- (3,4-dichlorophenyl))-4-((N-3,5-bis- trifluoromethylbenzoyl)methylamino)-butanal was prepared using 3,5- bis-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid instead of 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid.

IH-NMR (500MHz CDCI3) δ2.5-4.0(8H, m), 6.7-8.0(6H, m), 9.78(1H, s).

Step B: l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-bromomethyl)phenvP-piperazine

To 410mg (1.4mmol) of 1 -t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2- hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-piperazine (prepared in Example 9, Step B) in 12 mL of acetonitrile was added 625 mg (2.38mmol) of triphenylphosphine and 698mg (2.1 mmol) of carbon tetrabromide with cooling in an ice-water bath. After the mixture was stirred in a cold room (4°C) for 14hr, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was dissolved in EtOAc and water was then added. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with two small portions of EtOAc. The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na2Sθ ₄ , filtered, concentrated, and triturated with hexane. The triphenylphosphine oxide which precipitated was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated to give the title compound, which was used in step C without further purification.

1H-NMR (500MHz CDCI3) δ 1.51(9H. s), 2.94(4H, m), 3.61 (4H,s),

4.72(2H,s), 7.1-7.5(4H, m).

Step C: l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(l'-(tetrazolyl)methyl)phenyl)- piperazine and l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(2'-(tetrazolyl)methyl)phenyl)- piperazine

To a solution of 294mg (4.2mmol) of lH-tetrazole in 9ml DMF was added l l lmg (4.63mmol) sodium hydride at rt. After stirring for lOmin, 9ml of the DMF solution of l-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2- bromomethyl)phenyl)-piperazine prepared in step B was added, and the mixture was stirred in an oil bath at 70° C for 1.5hr. The DMF was then removed under reduced pressure. The resulting material was dissolved in EtOAc and sat. NH4CI aq. solution. The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted twice with small portions of EtOAc. The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na2Sθ4, filtered, concentrated, and chromatographed on silica gel eluting with Hexane : EtOAc = 5 : 1 to 1 : 1 to give 144.3mg of 1-t-

butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(2'-(tetrazolyl)methyl)phenyl)-piperazin e (higher Rf), and 224.1mg of l-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(l'- (tetrazolyl)methyl)phenyl)-piperazine (lower Rf).

l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(2'-(tεtrazolyl)methyl)phenyl)-p iperazine:

1H-NMR (500MHz CDC1 ₃ ) δ 1.50(9H, s), 2.83(4H, s), 3.58(4H, s), 6.00(2H, s), 7.1-7.4(4H, m), 8.52(1H, s).

Mass Spectrum (Cl) 345 (M++1)

l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(l '-(tetrazolyl)methyl)phenyl)-piperazine:

¹ H-NMR (500MHz CDCI3) δ 1.50(9H, s), 2.80(4H, s), 3.55(4H, s), 5.73(2H, s), 7.1 -7.43(4H, m), 8.52(1H, s).

Mass Spectrum (Cl) 245(M++H-Boc)

Step D: l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(2'-

(tetrazolyPmethyPphenylVpiperazine

l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(2'-(tetrazolyl)methyl)phenyl)- piperazine was deprotected under the conditions given in Example 9, Step D, and the product was then reacted with 4-bromo-2-(S)-(3,4- dicholorophenyl)-4-(N-3 ,5-bis- trifluoromethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butanal (prepared in step A) following the procedure described in Example 1 step E to give the title compound.

MS(CI) 714(M++H)(35Qx2), 716(35Q, 37Q)

EXAMPLE 34

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-( -(tetrazolyl)- methyPphenyP-piperazine

The title compound was prepared as following the procedure in Example 33, Step D using l -t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(l'- (tetrazolyl)methyl)phenyl)-piperazine prepared in Example 33, Step C.

MS(CI) 714(M++H)(35cix2), 716(35ci, 37Q)

EXAMPLE 35

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l'-(l', 2', 4'- triazolyl)methyl)phenyl)-piperazine

Step A l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(l'-(l', 2', 4'- triazolyl)methyl)phenyI)-piperazine and l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(4'-(l \ 2', 4'- triazolyl)methyl)phenyl)-piperazine

Following the procedure described in Example 33, Step C, the title compounds were prepared using 1 ,2,4-triazole instead of 1-H tetrazole.

l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(l '-(1 ', 2', 4'-triazolyl)methyl)phenyl)- piperazine:

lH-NMR(500MHz CDC13) δ 1.50(9H, s), 2.81(4H, s), 3.56(4H, s), 5.49(2H, s),7.1-8.1(6H, ).

Mass Spectrum (Cl) 344(M++H).

l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(4'-( 1 ', 2', 4'-triazolyl)methyl)ρhenyl)- piperazine:

lH-NMR(500MHz CDC13) δ 1.50(9H, s), 2.79(4H, s), 3.56(4H, s), 5.29(2H, s), 7.1-7.42(4H, m), 8.21(2H, s).

Mass Spectrum (Cl) 344(M++H).

Step B: l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(r-( ,

2 4'-triazolyl methyPphenyP-piperazine

According to the procedure described in Example 33, Step D, the title compound was prepared from l -t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(l'-( , 2', 4'-triazolyl)methyl)phenyl)-piperazine.

Mass Spectrum (Cl) 713(M++H, 3 ⁵ dχ2), 715(M++H, 35Q, 37Q)

EXAMPLE 36

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(4'-(r, 2', 4'- triazolyP-methyP-phenyP-piperazine

According to the procedure described in Example 33, Step D, the title compound was prepared from l-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(4'-(l', 2', 4'-triazolyl)methyl)phenyl)-piperazine prepared in Example 35, Step A.

Mass Spectrum (Cl) 713(M++H, ³⁵ Clx2), 715(M++H, ³⁵ Q, ³⁷ Q)

EXAMPLE 37

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l'-(r, 2', 3'- triazolyP-methyP-phenyP-piperazine

Step A: l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(l ^, -(l', 2 3'- triazolyPmethyPphenyP-piperazine

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure described in Example 33, Step C using 1,2,3-triazole istead of 1H- tetrazole.

lH-NMR(400MHz CDC13) δ 1.46(9H, s), 2.78(4H, s), 3.55(4H, s), 5.70(2H, s), 7.05-7,75(6H, s).

Step B l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l '-(r, 2', 3'- triazolyP-methyP-phenyP-piperazine

Following the procedure described in Example 33, Step D, the title compound was prepared using l -t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-((l', 2', 3'- triazolyl)methyl)phenyl)-piperazine.

MS(CI) 713(M ⁺ +H, 3 ⁵ Clx2), 715(M++H, ³⁵ Q, ⁷ Q)

EXAMPLE 38

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2- (methanesulfonylaminomethyPphenyP-piperazine

Step A: l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-

(methanesulfonylaminomethyPphenyP-piperazine

The piperazine synthesized in Example 1, Step C was subjected to the condition described in Example 1 Step D using methanesulfonyl chloride instead of acetyl chloride.

Step B l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(ιrjethylamino))butyl)-4-(2- (methanesulfonylaminomethyPphenyP-piperazine

The piperazine obtained in Step A was reacted with the aldehyde prepared in Example 33, Step A following the conditions described in Example 1, Step E to give the title compound.

MS(CI) 739(M ⁺ +H)( ³⁵ Clx2), 741(M++H)( ³⁵ C1, ⁷ Q)

EXAMPLE 39

l-(3-((S)-(4-Chlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-( -(tetrazolyl)- methyP-phenyP-piperazine

l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(( l', 2', 3'. 4'-tetrazolyl)methyl)phenyl)- piperazine prepared in Example 33, Step C was subjected to the conditions described in Example 9 Step D, then reacted with 4-bromo- 2-((S)-(4-Chlorophenyl))-4-((N-3,5-bis- trifluoromethylbenzoyl)methylamino)-butane (prepared in Example 30) according to the procedure described in Example 15 step C to give the title compound.

MS(CI) 680(M++H)

The compounds in Examples 40 to 44 were prepared by successively carrying out the procedures described in Example 9, Step D and Example 15, Step C, using the piperazines synthesized in

Example 33, Step C for Example 40, Example 35, Step A for Examples 41 and 42, Example 37, Step A for Example 43, and Example 38, Step A for Example 44, which in each case are allowed to react with the bromide prepared in Example 30.

EXAMPLE 40

l-(3-((S)-(4-Chlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(2'- (tetrazolyPmethyPphenyP-piperazine

MS(CI) 680(M++H)

EXAMPLE 41

l-(3-((S)-(4-Chlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(r-( , 2', 4'- triazolyPmethyPphenyP-piperazine

MS(CI) 679(M++H)

EXAMPLE 42

l-(3-((S)-(4-Chlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- trifluoromethylbenzoyl(methylamino))butyl-4-(2-(4'-( , 2', 4'- triazolyPmethyPphenyP-piperazine

MS(CI) 679(M++H)

EXAMPLE 43

l-(3-((S)-(4-Chlorophenyl))-4-(N-3.5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l'-(l' , 2', 3'- triazolyP-methyP-phenvP-ninerazine

MS(CI) 679(M++H)

EXAMPLE 44

l-(3-((S)-(4-Chlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoy 1 (meth y 1 a m i no))buty l)-4-(2- (methanesulfonylaminomethyPphenyP-piperazine

MS(CI) 705(M++H)

EXAMPLE 45

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3-fluoro-5-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(r-(tet razo methyPphenyP-piperazine

Step A: 3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-((3-fluoro-5- dimethylbenzoyPmethyl-amino -butanal

The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 1, Step A using 3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid instead of 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid.

Step B: 4-Bromo-2-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-((N-3-fluoro-5- trifluoromethylbenzovP ethylaminoVbutane

The aldehyde prepared in Step A was treated with the conditions described in Example 15, Steps A and B to give the title compound.

Step C: l -(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3-fluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-( -

(tetrazolvP-methyPphenvP-piperazine

1 -t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-( 1 '-(tetrazolyl)methyl)phenyl)- piperazine (prepared in Example 33. Step C) was deprotected according to the conditions in Example 9, Step D and the product was carried on according to Example 1 , Step E using the aldehyde prepared in Step A above to give the title compound.

MS(CI) 664(M++H)( ³⁵ Clx2), 666(M++H)( ³⁵ C1, ⁷ Q)

EXAMPLE 46

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3-fluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(2'-(tetra zolyl)- methyPphenyP-piperazine

l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(2'-(tetrazolyl)methyl)phenyl)-pi perazine (prepared in Example 33, Step C) was subjected to the conditions described in Example 45, Step C to give the title compound.

MS(CI) 664(M++H)( ³⁵ Clx2), 666(M ⁺ +H)( ³⁵ C1, ³⁷ Q)

EXAMPLE 47

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3-fluoro-5- trifluoromethylbenzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-

(methanesulfonylaminomethyPphenyP-piperazine

l-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(methanesulfonylaminomethyl)phenyl)- piperazine prepared in Example 38, Step A was subjected to the conditions described in Example 45, Step C to give the title compound.

MS(CI) 689(M++H)( ³⁵ Clx2), 691(M++H)(3 ⁵ C1, ³⁷ C1)

EXAMPLE 48

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-((S)-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino)))-5-hydroxy-pentyl) -4-(2-( - (tetrazolyP- ethyPphenyP-piperazine

Step A: Diazomethyl-(2-(S)-(3.4-dichlorophenyl)-pent-4-enyl)- ketone.

To a solution of 2-(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-pent-4-enoic acid (5.04g, 20.6mmol) in 60mL of dichloromethane was added 2.15mL (24.6mmol) of oxalyl chloride and O. lmL of dimethylformamide with cooling in an ice-water bath. The cooling bath was then removed and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the resulting material was diluted in ethyl acetate and concentrated in vacuo in order to remove residual HCl. The residual crude acid chloride was dissolved in 70mL of ether and was slowly added to a 1 OOmL ether solution of diazomethane

(77mmol). After stirring for 2hr at i t, the solvent was removed under vacuum. The resulting yellow oil was chromatographed on silica gel column eluting with a gradient of hexane : ethyl acetate = 20 : 1 to 3 : 1 to give 4.66g (84%) of diazomethyl-(2-(S)-(3,4-dichloroρhenyl)-pent-4- enyl)-ketone.

1H-NMR (CDC1 ₃ 400MHz): δ 2.44(app. quint. 1H), 2.82(app. quint. 1H), 3.43(br s. 1H), 4.98 & 5.02 (d of AB quart., 2H), 5.16 (br s, 1H), 5.63(m, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J=2.2Hz, 8.3Hz, 1H), 7.34(d, J=2.2Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.3Hz, 1H).

Step B: 3- R)-G.4-DichlorophenvP-hex-4-enoic acid

To a solution of the above diazoketone 4.56g (17.0mmol) in 340mL of tetrahydrofuran was added 170mL aquous solution of silver nitrate 3.02g (17.8mmol). After stirring at rt overnight, tetrahydrofuran was removed under reduced pressure. The remaining aqueous layer was extracted with two lOOmL portions of dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting material was purified by silica gel column chromatography. Elution with dichloromethane : methanol = 10 : 1 gave 3.94g (90%) of 3-(R)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-hex-4-eoic acid.

Step C: 3-(3(S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2(S)-azido-l-oxo-5- hexenyl)- 4(S)-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone

A solution of 3-(3(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-oxo-5-hexenyl)- 4(S)-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone (190 mg, 0.45 mmol; prepared from 3- (R)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-hex-4-enoic acid (from Step B above) and 4(S)-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone according to the procedure of Evans, D. A.; et. al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4011-4030) in THF (2.5 mL) was added to a solution of KHMDS (1.0 mL of 0.5 M in PhCH3, 0.50 mmol), and THF (1.5 mL) at -78°C. The reaction was maintained at -78°C for 30 min whereupon a solution of trisyl azide (177 mg, 0.57 mmol) and THF (1.5 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 min and HOAc (0.13 mL, 4.6 mmoL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred 1 h in a 30°C water bath, whereupon it was diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with CH2CI2 (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with sat. aq. NaHCθ3, brine, dried (MgSθ4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel 60, 15-25% EtOAc/hexanes) to afford the title compound (169 mg, 81 %) as a colorless oil.

lH NMR (CDCI3, 500 MHz) δ 7.44 (d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.20-7.46 (m, 6H), 7.15 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz), 5.58-5.65 (m, 1H), 5.45 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 5.03-5.05 (m, 1H), 4.97-5.02 (m, 1H), 4.64-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.26- 4.34 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.36 (m, 2H), 2.88 (dd, 1H, J = 9.1, 13.5 Hz), 2.47 (t, 2H, J = 7.3 Hz) ppm.

Step D: 2(S)-Azido-3(S)-(3.4-dich1orophenvP-5-hexen-l-ol

To a solution of 3-(3(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2(S)-azido-l-oxo- 5-hexenyl)-4(S)-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone (890 mg, 1.94 mmol) and THF (25 mL) at 0°C was added MeOH ( 126 mL, 3.1 mmoL), followed by LiBH4 (68 mg, 3.1 mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir for 2 h, and was then quenched by addition of sat. aq. Rochelle salts (50 mL) and was allowed to warm to room temp and stirred vigorously for 2 h. The mixture was diluted with H2O (150 mL) and extracted with CH2CI2 (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2S0 ₄ ) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel 60, 10-40% EtOAc/hexanes) to afford the alcohol (452 mg, 82%) as a colorless oil.

lH NMR (CDCI3, 500 MHz) δ 7.36-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.10 (dd, 1H, J = 2.1, 8.2 Hz), 5.59-5.69 (m, 1 H), 5.09 (dd, 1H, J = 1.4, 17.1 Hz), 5.05 (dd, 1H, J = 0.9, 10.3 Hz), 3.77-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.65 (dd, 1H, J = 4.5, 11.2 Hz), 3.52 (dd, 1H, J = 7.6, 17.3 Hz), 2.88-2.95 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.43-2.52 (m, 1H). 1.28-1.34 (m, 1H) ppm. FTIR 3388, 2930, 2102, 1471, 1271 , 1030, 930 cm- 1.

Step E: 2(S)-Amino-3(S)-(3.4-dichloroρhenvP-5-hexen-l-ol

A solution of 2(S)-azido-3(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hexen-l-ol (620 mg, 2.17 mmol) and PPh ₃ (682 mg, 2.60 mmol) in 4:1 THF/H2O (20 mL)was stirred at room temp for 14 h and then heated to 65°C for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2S04) and

concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel 60, 2.5-8% MeOH/CH2Cl2) to afford the amino alcohol (260 mg, 46%) as a colorless oil.

H NMR (CDCI3, 500 MHz) δ 7.40 (d, IH, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.25-7.31 (m, IH), 7.04 (dd, IH, J = Ϊ .9, 8.1 Hz). 5.51-5.61 (m, IH), 4.92-5.03 (m, 2H), 3.68 (dd, IH, J = 4.1 , 10.7 Hz), 3.39 (dd, IH, J = 7.4, 10.6 Hz), 3.01-3.08 (m, IH), 2.68-2.75 (m, I H), 2.49-2.56 (m, IH), 2.32-2.41 (m, IH) ppm.

Step F: 4(S)-(l (S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-butenyl)-2- oxazolidinone

A solution of 2(S)-amino-3(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hexen-l-ol (3.85 g, 14.8 mmol) and triphosgene (4.39 g, 14.8 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was stirred at room temp for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel 60, 1 -5% MeOH/CH2Cl2) to afford the oxazolidone (3.35 c, 79%) as a colorless solid.

iH NMR (CDCI3, 500 MHz) δ 7.45 (d, IH, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.25-7.31 (m, IH), 7.05 (dd, IH, J = 2.1 , 8.3 Hz), 5.50-5.62 (m, IH), 4.99-5.16 (m, 2H), 4.56 (t, IH, J = 8.7 Hz), 4.21 (dd, IH, J = 6.4, 9.0 Hz), 4.00-4.08 (m, IH), 2.73-2.80 ( , IH), 2.30-2.43 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step G: 4(S)-(l (S)-(3.4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-butenyl)-3-methyl-2- oxazolidinone

To a solution of 4(S)-(l (S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-butenyl)-2- oxazolidinone (3.25 g, 1 1.4 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) at room temp was added NaH (573 mg, 95%, 22.7 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 20 min whereupon Mel (3.54 mL, 57.0 mmol) freshly filtered through basic alumina was added and the resultant reaction mixture was stirred at 70°C for 14 h. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted with H2O

(250 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 125 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with H2θ (3 x 100 mL), brine, dried (Na2Sθ4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel 60, 1-5% MeOH/CH2θ2) to afford the title compound (2.93 g, 86%) as a colorless solid and recovered starting material (382 mg. 1 1 ).

iH NMR (CDCI3, 500 MHz) δ 7.45 (d, IH, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.25-7.31 (m, IH), 7.06 (dd, IH, J = 2.1 , 8.2 Hz), 5.52-5.62 (m, IH), 4.99-5.08 (m, 2H), 4.12-4.26 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.90 (m, IH), 3.00-3.07 (m, IH), 2.75 (s, 3H), 2.38-2.49 (m, 2H) ppm.

FTIR 2922, 1747, 1472, 1433, 1405, 1 122, 1030, 914, 733 cπrl.

Step H: 4(S)-( 1 (S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-oxopropyl)-3-methyl-2- oxazolidinone

The title compound was prepared from 4(S)-(l(S)-(3,4- dichlorophenyl)-3-butenyl)-3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone (prepared in Step G above) as in Example 1 , Step A to afford the aldehyde (98%).

iH NMR (CDCI3, 500 MHz) δ 9.76 (s, IH), 7.45 (d, IH, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.25-7.31 (m, IH), 7.06 (dd, IH, J = 2.0, 8.5 Hz), 4.15-4.20 (m, IH), 4.10 (dd, IH, J = 5.5 Hz, 9.2 Hz), 3.88-3.94 (m, IH), 3.72-3.78 (m, IH), 2.99 (ddd, IH, J = 0.9, 9.8, 17.8 Hz), 2.84 (s, 3H), 2.79 (dd, IH, J = 4.1, 17.9 Hz) ppm.

Step I: 4(S)-(l (S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-(2-(l'-(tetrazolyl)- methyl)phenyl)-l-pipeιazinyl)-propyl)-3-methyl-2- oxazolidinone

The title compound was prepared (77%) from 4(S)-(l(S)-(3,4- dichlorophenyl)-3-oxopropyl)-3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone (prepared in Step H above) and l -(2-( l '-(tetrazolyl)-methyl)phenyl)-piperazine

(prepared according to the procedure in Example 34) as in Example 1, Step E.

iH NMR (CDCI3, 500 MHz) δ 8.52 (s, IH), 7.47 (d, IH, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.42 (dt, IH, J = 1.9, 8.1 Hz), 7.15-7.38 (m, 4H), 7.09 (dd, IH, J = 2.1, 8.3 Hz), 5.66 (s. 2H), 4.26 (t. IH. J = 8.9 Hz), 4.17 (dd, IH, J = 6.2, 9.2 Hz), 3.82-3.90 (m, IH), 3.07-3.14 Cm, IH), 2.80-2.92 (m, 4H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.50-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.50 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.33 (m, 2H), 1.65- 1.90 (m, 3H) ppm.

Step J: 2(S)-Amino-3(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-(2-(l'-

(tetrazolyl))-methylp enyP-l-piperazinyP)-pentan-l-ol

To a solution of 4(S)-( l (S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-(2-(l'- (tetrazolyl)-methyl)phenyl)- 1 -piperazinyl)-propyl)-3-methyl-2- oxazolidinone (88 mg, 0.166 mmol) and EtOH (2 mL) was added 1M aq KOH (2 mL). The resultant mixture was heated to 85°C for 14 h. The cooled mixture was then diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2Sθ ₄ ), and concentrated in vacuo yielding the amino alcohol (77 mg, 92%) as a colorless solid.

iH NMR (CDCI3, 500 MHz) δ 8.52 (s, IH), 7.08-7.42 (m, 7H), 5.66 (s, 2H), 3.76 (dd, IH, J = 3.7, 11.2 Hz), 3.60 (dd, IH, J = 3.9, 11.2 Hz), 2.80-2.96 (m, 4H), 2.63-2.68 (m, I H), 2.52-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.51 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.14-2.22 (m. 3H), 2.04-2.14 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step K: l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-((S)-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino)))-5-hydroxy- pentvP-4-(2-(r-ftetrazolyP-methvPphenylVpiperazine

To a solution of 2(S)-amino-3(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-(2- ( -(tetrazolyl))-methylphenyl)- l -piperazinyl))-pentan-l-ol (24 mg, 0.048 mmol) and CH ₂ Cb (1.5 mL) at 0°C was added Et3N (13.3 μL,

0.096 mmol), and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (9.0 μL, 0.050 mmol). The resultant reaction mixture was stirred 30 min at 0°C whereupon it was purified directly, without concentration, by column chromatography (silica gel 60, 2.5-8 % MeOH/CH2Cl2) to afford the title compound (26 mg) as a colorless solid.

Mass spectrum (Cl): m/z = 744 (35-ci + 5Q isotope + H+), 746 (37Q + 35Q isotope + H+).

EXAMPLE 49

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-((S)-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino)))-5-hydroxy-pentyl)-4- (2-(r- (r.2'.4'-triazolyP-methyPphenyP-piperazine

Step A: 4(S)-(l (S)-(3,4-DichloiOphenyl)-3-(4-(2-(l ^, -(l ^, ,2 ^, ,4'- triazolyl)-methyl)phenyl )- 1 -piperazinyl)-propyl)-3-methyl- 2-oxazolidinone

The title compound was prepared (98%) from 4(S)-(l(S)-(3,4- dichlorophenyl)-3-oxopropyl)-3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone (prepared in

Example 48, Step H) and l-(2-(r-(l ^, ,2',4'-triazolyl)-methyl)phenyl)- piperazine (prepared according to the procedure in Example 33, Step

D) as in Example 1 , Step E.

H NMR (CDCI3, 500 MHz) δ 8.08 (s, IH), 7.94 (s, IH), 7.68 (dd, IH, J = 7.1, 12.1 Hz), 7.45-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.09 (dd, IH, J = 2.1, 8.2 Hz), 5.44 (s, 2H), 4.27 (t, IH, J = 9.0 Hz), 4.17 (dd, IH, J = 6.1, 9.1 Hz), 3.82-3.88 (m, IH), 3.08-3.16 (m, IH), 2.82-2.94 (m, 4H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.52-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.51 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.34 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.93 (m, 3H) ppm.

Step B: 2(S)-Amino-3(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-(2-(l'-

( ,2',4'-triazolyl))-methylphenyl)-l-piperazinyl))-pentan- l-ol

To a solution of 4(S)-(l (S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-(2-(l'-

(tetrazolyl)-methyl)phenyl)- l -piperazinyl)-piOpyl)-3-methyl-2- oxazolidinone (78 mg, 0.147 mmol) and EtOH (2 mL) was added 1M aq KOH (2 mL). The resultant mixture was heated to 85°C for 14 h. The cooled mixture was then diluted with H ₂ O (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2S0 ₄ ), and concentrated in vacuo yielding the amino alcohol (71 mg, 96%) as a colorless solid.

iH NMR (CDCI3, 500 MHz) δ 8.08 (s, IH), 7.95 (s, IH), 7.06-7.72 (m, 7H), 5.44 (s, 2H), 3.77 (dd, IH, J = 3.7, 1 1.5 Hz), 3.60 (dd, IH, J = 3.9, 11.2 Hz), 2.80-2.96 (m, 4H), 2.61 -2.67 (m, IH), 2.53-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.52 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s. 3H), 2. 16-2.27 (m, 3H), 2.07-2.15 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step C: l -(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-((S)-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino)))-5-hydroxy- pentyl)-4-(2-( l ^, -(l ',2 ^, ,4'-triazolyl)-methyl)phenyl)- piperazine

To a solution of 2(S)-amino-3(S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-(2-(l'- ( ,2',4'-triazolyl))-methylphenyl)- l-piperazinyl))-pentan-l-ol (22 mg, 0.044 mmol) and CH ₂ CI2 (1.5 mL) at 0°C was added Et3N (12.0 μL, 0.088 mmol), and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (8.3 μL, 0.046 mmol). The resultant reaction mixture was stirred 30 min at 0°C whereupon it was purified directly, without concentration, by column chromatography (silica gel 60, 2.5-8 % MeOH/CH2Cl2) to afford the title compound (20 mg) as a colorless solid.

Mass spectrum (Cl): m/z = 743 5ci + 35Q isotope + H+), 745 (37Q + 35 ^< α isotope + H+).

EXAMPLE 50

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl) - Cmethylamino))butyP-4-(2-(methylthiomethyPphenyP-piperazine

Step A: l -t-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(methylthiomethyl)phenyl)- piperazine

Potassium t-butoxide ( 159 mg, 1,42 mmol) in 15 mL of abs. EtOH was saturated with methyl meicaptan gas. To this mixture was added l-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(methanesulfonyloxymethyl)phenyl)- piperazine (0.94 mmol, which was generated according to the procedure described in Step C of Example 9). The resulting mixture was refluxed for 50 min and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (20% EtOAc in Hex ) to give the title compound (157 mg).

iH NMR (200 MHz, CDCI3) δ 1.47 (s, 9H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 2.87 (t, 4H), 3.55 (t, 4H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 7.08 (m. 2H), 7.20 (dd, 1H), 7.35 (dd, IH).

Step B: 1 -(2-(MethylthiomethyPphenyP-piperazine

The title compound was prepared from l-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2- (methylthiomethyl)phenyl)-piperazine (from Step A above) according to the procedure given in Example 9, Step D, and was used below without further purification.

Step C: l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)-(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2- (methylthiomethyPphenvP-piperazine

The title compound was prepared from l-(2- (methylthiomethyl)phenyp-piperazine (from Step B above) and 3-((S)- (3,4-dichlorophenyl))-4-((3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)-b utanal (see Example 1 , Step A) according to the procedure given in Example 1, Step E.

iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 2.02 (s, 3H), 2.26 (s, 6H), 3.76 (s, 2H). Mass Spectrum (Cl) m/z . 584, 586 (M++1, M++3).

EXAMPLE 51

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-DichloiOphenyl))-4-(N-3.5-bistrifluorometh ylbenzoyl)- (methylamino))-butvP-4-(2-(nιethylthiomethvPphenvP-piperazi ne

The title compound was prepared by analogy to the procedure given in Example 50, Step C, using 3-((S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl))-4-

((3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)methylamino)-butanal (from Example

33, Step A) instead of 3-((S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl))-4-((3,5- dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)-butanal.

H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 2.03 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 2H).

Mass Spectrum (Cl) m/z 692.1 (M++1 ).

EXAMPLE 52

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3-methylbenzoyl)- (methylamino )butyl)-4-(2-(methylthiomethyPphenyP-piperazine

The title compound was prepared by analogy to the procedure given in Example 50, Step C, using 3-((S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl))-4-((3-

methylbenzoyl)methylamino)-butanal instead of 3-((S)-(3,4- dichlorophenyl))-4-((3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)methylamino)-butana l.

iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 2.02 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 2H).

Mass Spectrum (Cl) m/z 570.3, 572.3 (M++1, M++3).

EXAMPLE 53

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl) - (methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(methylthiomethyl)phenyl)-piperazi ne, S- oxide

The title compound was prepared from 1 equiv. of l-(3-((S)-(3,4- dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-(methylamino))but yl)-4- (2-(methylthiomethyl)phenyl)-piperazine (from Example 50, Step C) and 1.5 equiv of oxone (potassium peroxymonosulfate) in MeOH/H2θ at

0 C for 6 min.

iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 2.27(s, 6H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 4.07 (d, IH), 4.14 (d, IH).

Mass Spectrum (Cl) m/z 600.2, 602.3 (M++1, M++3).

EXAMPLE 54

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-DichloiOpheny]))-4-(N-3,5-bistrifluorometh ylbenzoyl)- (methylamino))-butyl)-4-(2-(methylthiomethyl)phenyl)-piperaz ine, S- oxide

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure given in Example 53, using l-(3-((S )-(3,4-dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-

bistrifluoromethylbenzoy])-(methylamino))-butyl)-4-(2- (methylthiomethyl)phenyl)-ρiperazine (from Example 51) as starting material.

iH NMR (400 MHz. CDCI3) δ 2.40 (s, 3H), 4.06 (d, IH), 4.15 (d, IH). Mass Spectrum (Cl) m/z 708.1 (M++ 1 ).

EXAMPLE 55

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3-methylbenzoyl)- (methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(methylthiomethyl)phenyl)-piperazi ne, S- oxide

The title compound was prepared according to the procedure given in Example 53, using l -(3-((S)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3- methylbenzoyl)-(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(methylthiomethyl)p henyl)- piperazine (from Example 52) as starting material.

iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 4.07 (d, IH), 4.13 (d, IH).

Mass Spectrum (Cl) m/z 586.2, 588.2 (M++1, M++3).

EXAMPLE 56

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl) - (methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(methylthiomethyl)phenyl)-piperazi ne, S, S- dioxide

The title compound was prepared from l-(3-((S)-(3,4- dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-(methylamino))but yl)-4-

(2-(methylthiomethyl)phenyl)-piperazine, S-oxide and 3 equiv of oxone in MeOH/H2θ at room temperature for 1 h.

iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 2.27(s, 6H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 4.39 (s, 2H).

Mass Spectrum (Cl) m/z 616.2 (M++ 1).

EXAMPLE 57

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-DichloiOphenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bistrifluorometh ylbenzoyl)- (methylamino))-butyl)-4-(2-(methylthiomethyl)phenyl)-piperaz ine, S, S- dioxide

The title compound was prepared from l-(3-((S)-(3,4- dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzoyl)-(methyl amino))- butyl)-4-(2-(methylthiomethyl)phenyl)-piperazine, S-oxide and 3 equiv of oxone in MeOH/H2θ at room temperature for 1 h.

H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 2.68 (s, 6H), 4.39 (s, 2H).

Mass Spectrum (Cl) m/z 724.1 (M++ 1 ).

EXAMPLE 58

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3-methylbenzoyl)- (methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(methylthiomethyl)phenyl)-piperazi ne, S, S- dioxide

The title compound was prepared from l-(3-((S)-(3,4-

Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3-methylbenzoyl)-(methylamino))buty l)-4-(2- (methylthiomethyl)phenyl)-piperazine. S-oxide and 3 equiv of oxone in MeOH/H2θ at room temperature for 1 h.

iH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 6H), 4.39 (s, 2H).

Mass Spectrum (Cl) m/z 602, 604.3 (M++1, M++3).

Additional compounds for Formula I can be prepared from the piperazine starting materials given in the following Examples 59 or Example 60 or from the sources listed below by using the methods given in Example 1, Step E, Examplel 5, Step C or Example 17:

EXAMPLE 59

7-(T-PiperazinyPtriazolo(2.3-a)pyriιτ)idine dihydrochloride

Step A: 7-( 1 -(4-t-BυtyloxycarbonyPpiperazinyPtriazolo( ^' 2.3- a)pyrimidine

7-ChloiO-triazolo(2,3-a)pyrimidine (Chem. Pharm. Bull, 1959, 7, 907)(1.01g, 6.54mmol), was suspended in isoamyl alcohol (25mL) and l-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)piperazine (4.86g, 26.13mmol) was added. This solution (dissolution occurred readily upon warming) was heated under reflux, under nitrogen for lhr and then the reaction mixture was cooled, evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in CH2CI2 (lOOmL) and 10% aqu. N 2Cθ3 (lOOmL). After shaking, the layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with 10% aqu. Na2Cθ3 (2 x lOOmL) and the pooled organic layers were dried (over MgSθ4), filtered, and evaporated to dryness. This oily residue was dissolved in a little CH2CI2, absorbed onto silica gel 60, and applied to a silica gel 60 column (3.5 x 22.0 cm), packed and developed in CH2C12- Fractions containing the required product were pooled and evaporated to dryness to give a white solid which was crystallized from CH2θ2/Et2θ to give 1.47g of the title compound as a white crystalline solid. Yield 1.71g (5.63mmol, 86% yield) in two crops.

Analysis calculated for C14H20 6O2 (304)

C, 55.25; H, 6.62; N, 27.61 Found: C, 55.17; H, 6.32; N, 27.75

Step B: 7-(l -PiperazinvPtriazolo(2.3-a pyrimidine dihydrochloride

7-( 1 -(4-t-Butyloxycarbonyl)piperazinyl)triazolo(2,3- a)pyrimidine prepared as described in step A (0.301g, 0.99mmol), was dissolved in anhydrous HCO2H ( lOmL) and allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 /2hr and then was evaporated to dryness in vacuo. This residue was dissolved in a little H2O and applied to a Dowex 1 x 2 (OH" form) column (2 x 23cm). The column was developed with H2O and fractions containing the required product were pooled and evaporated to dryness to give 0.2 l g. TLC indicated a small amount of starting material remaining and the residue was then dissolved in CF3CO2H (lOmL) and allowed to stand at room temperature for 45 min. The reaction was then evaporated to dryness slowly under a nitrogen stream and the residue was evaporated to dryness once from H2O before being dissolved in a little H2O and passed down a Dowex 1 x 2 (OH-fornϊ) column (2 x 25cm) as before. Fractions containing the required product were pooled and evaporated to dryness to give the title compound as a white solid (0.2 lg, quantitative yield) in the free base form.

Analysis calculated for C ₉ H ₁₂ N ₆ H .7 H ₂ O (234.86) C, 46.02; H, 6.61 ; N, 35.78 Found: C. 46.31 ; H, 6.01; N, 35.64

A portion of this material (0.10g) was dissolved in EtOH (3.5mL) and 3.49M HCl in MeOH ( ImL) was added. A white precipitate formed immediately which was removed by centrifugation after standing at room temperature for 4hr and was washed with cold EtOH (2 x 5mL) and Et2θ (5mL) to give 0.1 lg (0.407mmol) of the title compound as the dihydrochloride salt.

Analysis calculated for C9H 14N6CI2.O.7H2O (289.75)

C, 37.30; H, 5.36; N, 29.00 Found: C, 37.52; H, 5.17; N, 28.92

EXAMPLE 60

7-(l-PiperazinyPtriazolo(2,3-a)pyrimidine dihydrochloride

Step A: 7-Chloro-triazolo(2,3-a)pyπmidine This was prepared according to procedures given in Chem.

Pharm. Bull., 1, 907 ( 1959).

Step B: 7-( 1 -(4-t-ButyloxycarbonyPpiperazinyPtriazolo( ^' 2.3- a)pyrimidine 7-ChloiO-triazolo(2,3-a)pyrimidine, prepared as described in Step A above (1.01 g, 6.54 mmol), was suspended in isoamyl alcohol (25 mL) and l-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)piperazine (4.86 g, 26.13 mmol) was added. This solution (dissolution occurred readily upon warming) was heated under reflux, under nitrogen for 1 hr and then the reaction mixture was cooled, evaporated to dryness and the residue was dissolved in CH2CI2 (100 mL) and 10% aq. Na C03 (100 mL). After shaking, the layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with 10% aqu. Na2Cθ3 (2 x 100 mL) and the pooled organic layers were dried (over MgS04), filtered, and evaporated to dryness. This oily residue was dissolved in a little CH2CI2, absorbed onto silica gel 60, and applied to a silica gel 60 column (3.5 x 22.0 cm), packed and developed in CH2O2. Fractions containing the required product were pooled and evaporated to dryness to give a white solid which was crystallized from CH2Cl2/Et2θ to give 1.47 g of the title compound as a white crystalline solid. Yield 1. lg (5.63 mmol, 86 yield) in two crops.

Anal. Calc. for C14H20N6O2 (304):

C, 55.25; H, 6.62; N, 27.61 Found: C, 55.17; H, 6.32; N. 27.75

Step C: 7-(l -PiperazinvPtriazolo(2,3-a)pyrimidine dihydrochloride

7-( 1 -(4-t-Butyloxycarbonyl)piperazinyl)triazolo(2,3- a)pyrimidine , prepared as described in Step B above (0.301 g, 0.99 mmol), was dissolved in anhydrous HCO2H (10 mL) and allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 1/2 hr and then was evaporated to dryness in vacuo. This residue was dissolved in a little H2O and applied to a Dowex 1 x 2 (OH- form) column (2 x 23 cm). The column was developed with H2O and fractions containing the required product were pooled and evaporated to dryness to give 0.21 g. TLC indicated a small amount of startine material remaininti and the residue was then dissolved in CF3CO2H ( 10 mL) and allowed to stand at room temperature for 45 min. The reaction was then evaporated to dryness slowly under a nitrogen stream and the residue was evaporated to dryness once from H2O before being dissolved in a little H2O and passed down a Dowex 1 x 2 (OH- form) column (2 x 25 cm) as before. Fractions containing the required product were pooled and evaporated to dryness to give the title compound as a white solid (0.21 g, quantitative yield). in the free base form. Anal. Calc. for C9H12N .7H2O (234.86): C, 46.02; H. 6.61 ; N. 35.78 Found: C, 46.31 ; H, 6.01 ; N, 35.64

A portion of this material (0.10 g) was dissolved in EtOH (3.5 mL) and 3.49 M HCl in MeOH (1 mL) was added. A white precipitate formed immediately which was removed by centrifugation after standing at room temperature for 4 hr and was washed with cold EtOH (2 x 5 mL) and Et2θ (5 mL) to give 0.11 g (0.407 mmol) of the title compound as the dihydrochloride salt.

Anal. Calc. for C9H l4N6Cl2 ^« 0.7H2θ (289.75):

C, 37.30; H, 5.36; N, 29.00 Found: C, 37.52; H, 5.17; N, 28.92

Additional starting materials are prepared as described in US Patent 5.057.517 which is hereby encorporated by reference: 6-(l-piperazinyl)-8-methylpurine dihydrochloride, 6-(l-piperazinyl)-8,9-dimethylpurine dihydrochloride, 6-(l-piperazinyl)-9-methyl-3-deazapurine dihydrochloride, (i.e. l-methyl-4-( l -piperazinyl)-lH-imidazo(4,5-c)pyridine dihydrochloride), 8-bromo-6-(l -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride,

8-bromo-9-methyl-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 2,9-dimethyl-8-methylamino-6-(l -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 2,9-dimethyl-8-dimethylamino-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 2,9-dimethyl-6-( 1 -piperazinyl)-8-( 1 -pyrrolidinyPpurine dihydrochloride,

8-methoxy-9-methyl-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 9-methyl-6-( 1 -piperazinyl)-8-( 1 -pyrrolidinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 8-dimethylamino-9-methyl-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 6-(l-piperazinyl)-2,8,9-trimethylρurine dihydrochloride, 2,8,-dimethyl-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 2-chloro-9-methyl-6-( l -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 9-methyl-2-morpholino-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 9-methyl-6-( 1 -piperazinyl)-2-( 1 -pyrrolidinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 9-methyl-2-methylamino-6-(l -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 2-dimethylamino-9-methyl-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 2,8-bis(dimethylamino)-9-methyl-6-( 1 -piperazinyl)purine dihydrochloride, 2-methoxy-9-methyl-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 9-methyl-6-(l -piperazinyl)-2-(2-propoxy)purine dihydrochloride, 2-dimethylamino-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 2-amino-6-(l -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 2-methoxy-6-(l -piperazinyl)-9-(l -propyPpurine dihydrochloride, 2-methylthio-6-( 1 -piperazinyl)-9-( 1 -propyPpurine dihydrochloride,

2-ethoxy-9-methoxymethyl-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine maleate, 9-ethoxymethyl-2-methoxy-6-( I -piperazinyPpurine maleate, 9-cyclopropylmethy l-2-ethoxy-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 2-methoxy-9-methoxyethyl-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 2-methoxy-6-( 1 -piperazinyl)-9-( 1 -(2-propynyl)purine dihydrochloride, 9-(l-allenyl)-2-methoxy-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 2-methoxy-6-( 1 -piperazinyl)-9-( 1 -(2-propenyl))purine dihydrochloride, 9-cyclopropyl-2-ethyl-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine, 2-ethyl-9-(l -(2, 2, 2-trifluoroethylamino))-6-(l -piperazinyPpurine, 2-ethyl-9-methyl-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride,

2-methoxy-6-(l -piperazinyl)-9-(2-propyl)purine dihydrochloride,

2-methoxy-9-( 1 -(2-oxopropyl))-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride,

9-(l-(2,2-difluoropropyl))-2-methoxy-6-(l -piperazinyPpurine, 2-ethyl-9-(2-fluoroethyl)-6-( 1 -piperazinyPpurine dihydrochloride, 2-methoxy-6-( 1 -piperazinyl)-9-(2-furanylmethyl)purine, 9-((lS,2R)-2-fluoro-l -methylpropyl)-2-methoxy-6-(l- piperazinyPpurine, 9-((lR,2S)-2-fluoro- l -methylpropyl)-2-methoxy-6-(l- piperazinyPpurine,

9-((lS,2S)-2-fluoiO- l -meιhylpropyP-2-methoxy-6-(l- piperazinyppurine,

9-((lR,2R)-2-fluoro- 1 -methylpropyl)-2-methoxy-6-(l- piperazinyPpurine.

Additional starting materials are prepared as described in US Patent 4.980.350 which is hereby incorporated by reference: 4-methyl-2-(l-piperazinyl)pyrimidine dihydrochloride, 4,5-dimethyl-2-( 1 -piperazinyPpyrimidine dihydrochloride, 4,6-dimethyl-2-( 1 -piperazinyPpyrimidine dihydrochloride, 4,5,6-trimethyl-2-( l -piperazinyPpyrimidine dihydrochloride, 6-(l-butyl)-4-methyl-2-( 1 -piperazinyPpyrimidine dihydrochloride, 4-(2-butyl)-2-(l -piperazinyPpyrimidine dihydrochloride, 4-methyl-5-methoxy-4-( I -piperazinyPpyrimidine dihydrochloride,

2-methyl-4-( 1 -piperazinyl)-S-triazine dihydrochloride.

Additional starting materials are prepared as described in US Patent No. 4.876.256 which is hereby incorporated by reference: 6-methyl-2-( 1 -pi erazinyppyridine dihydrochloride, 2-(l-piperazinyl)pyridine dihydrochloride.

Additional starting materials are prepared as described in J.

Heterocyclic Chem.. 27. 1 59 ( 1990 which is hereby incorporated by reference:

8,9-dihydro- 1 -methyl-5-( 1 -piperaziny 1 )-7H-thiopyrano(2,3- e)(l,2,4)triazolo(4,3-a)pyrimidine,

8,9-dihydro-5-(l -piperazinyl)-7H-thiopyrano(2,3-e)(l,2,4)triazolo(4,3- a)pyrimidine, 8,9-dihydro-5-( l -piperazinyl)-77Y-tetrazolo(l,5-a)thiopyrano(2,3- e)pyrimidine,

5,6-dihydro-7 /-9-( l -piperazinyl)thiopyrano(3,2-d)(l,2,4)triazolo(2,3- a)pyrimidine.

EX AMPLE 61

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-( 1 -(R)- (methanesulfonylamino)ethyPphenyl)-piperazine and l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(S)- (methanesulfonylamino)ethyl)phenyl)-piperazine

Step A l-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-( l-(RS)-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)- piperazine

MeMgBr, THF

To a solution of lg of l-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-formylphenyl)- piperazine (3.44mmol) (prepared as described in example 9 step A) in THF 30ml was added methylmagnesium bromide (3M THF solution) 1.26ml (3.78mmol) with cooling in an ice-water bath. The cooling bath was then removed and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for lhr. The reaction was quenched by the addition of saturated NH4CI solution.

After removal of THF under reduced pressure, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and water. Organic phase was separated. The aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate, and the combined org. phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with a hexanes/ethyl acetate mixture to give 919mg (87%) of the desired alcohol. 1H-NMR (500MHz, CDCI3): δl .51 (s, 9H), 1.55(d, J=6.5Hz, 3H), 2.91- 2.97(m, 4H), 3.4-3.8(br s, 4H), 5.1 (br s, IH), 5.8(br s, IH). Mass spectrum (Cl) m/z 307 (M++1).

Step B 1 -t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-( 1 -(RS)-aminoethyl)phenyl)- piperazine

To a solution of lg of the alcohol obtained in step A (3.26mmol) in THF 10ml was added 1.03g (3.93mmol) of triphenyphosphine and 624mg (4.24mmol) of phthalimide , and finally 0.565ml (3.44mmol) of diethylazodicarboxylate with cooling in an ice-water bath. The cooling bath was then removed and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight. THF was removed under reduced pressure. The remaining material was diluted with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic phase was separated. The aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated, and the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with 10: 1 to 3: 1 hexanes/ethyl acetate to give 1.13g (79%) of the desired compound.

H-NMR (500HMz, CDCI3): δl.5 & 1.55 (s, 9H), 1.82(d, 3H), 2.7- 2.82(br s, 4H), 3.2-4.0(br s, 4H), 6.1 (m, IH), 7.1-7.8(m, 8H).

To a solution of I .13g (2.6mmol) of the compound obtained above dissolved in 25 mL of absolute ethanol was added 0.8ml (26mmol) of hydrazinε hydrate and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 1.5hr. The voluminous precipitate of phthalimide was removed by filtration through a pad of celite. The filtrate was concentrated to give 750mg (95%) of the desired amine. This material was pure enough to be used in the next step.

1H-NMR (500MHz. CDCI3): δl.41 (d, J=6.7Hz, 3H), 1.51(s, 9H), 2.85- 2.87(br s, 4H), 4.6(q, .l=6.7Hz, IH). 7.1 -7.5(m, 4H).

Step C l-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2-(l -(RS)-

(methanesulfonylamino)ethyPphenyP-piperazine

This compound was synthesized following the procedure described in example 38 step A.

1H-NMR (500MHz, CDCI3): δl.51 (s, 9H), 1.54(d, J=7Hz, 3H), 2.75(s, 3H), 2.8-3.0(br s, 4H), 3.3-3.9(br s, 4H), 5.05(m, IH), 5.85(br s, IH), 7.2-7.4(m, 4H). Mass spectrum (Cl) m/z 284 (M++1).

Step D: l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(R)- (methanesulfonylamino)ethyPphenyP-piperazine and

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(S)-

(methanesulfonylamino)ethyl)phenyl)-piperazine

The title compounds were prepared as an inseparable mixture following the procedure described in example 33 step D.

Mass spectrum: (Cl) m/z 755(37ci+35ci), 753 (35QX2).

The compounds in example 62 -70 were prepared by reacting the requisite piperazine with either 3-((S)-3,4-dichlorophenyl))-4-((3,5- bistrifluoromethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butanal (Example 33 step A) or 3-((S)-3,4-dichlorophenyl))-4-((3-fluoro-5- trifluoromethylbenzoyl)methylamino)butanal (Example 45 step A), or 3-((S)-4-chlorophenyl))-4-((3,5- bistrifluoromethylbenzoy])methylamino)butanal (example 30) according to the procedure of Example 1, step E. The piperazine substrates were synthesized by the method of example 61 step C by substituting the appropriate acylation agent. In each case diastereomeric mixtures were obtained.

EXAMPLE 62

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(R)- (dimethylaminocarbonylamino)ethyPphenyP-piperazine and l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(S)- (dimethylaminocarbonylamino)ethyPphenyP-piperazine

Mass spectrum: (Cl) m/z 748 ( 7ci+35ci), 746(35cix2).

EXAMPLE 63

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(R)- (methylaminocarbonylamino)ethyl)phenyl)-piperazine and l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(S)- (methylaminocarbonylamino)ethyl)phenyl)-piperazine

Mass spectrum: (Cl) m/z 734 (37ci+35ci), 732(35cix2).

EXAMPLE 64

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(R)-

(methylamirιθcarbonyl(N-methyl)amir ₁ ocarbonylamino)ethyl)phenyl)- piperazine and l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(S)-

(methylaminocarbonyl(N-methyl)aminocarbonylamino)ethyl)ph enyl)- piperazine

NHCONMeCONHMe

Mass spectrum: (Cl) m/z 791 (37ci+ 5ci), 789(35cix2).

EXAMPLE 65

l-(3-((S)-(4-Chlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoy](methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(R)-

(methanesulfonylamino)ethyl)phenyl)-piperazine and l-(3-((S)-(4-Chlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(S)-

(methanesulfonylamino)ethyl)phenyl)-piperazine

Mass spectrum: (Cl) m/z 721 (37ci), 719(35ci).

EXAMPLE 66

l-(3-((S)-(4-Chlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(R)-

(dimethylaminocarbonylamino)ethyl)phenyl)-piperazine and l-(3-((S)-(4-Chlorophenyl))-4-(N-3,5-bis-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(S)-

(dimethylaminocarbonylamino)ethyPphenyP-piperazine

Mass spectrum: (Cl) m/z 714(37ci), 712(35ci).

- I l l

EXAMPLE 67

l-(3-((S)-(4-ChlorophenyP)-4-(N-3,5-bis- (trifluoromethyl)benzoy l(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-( 1 -(R)- (methylaminocarbonyiamino)ethyPphenyP-piperazine and l-(3-((S)-(4-ChlorophenyP)-4-(N-3,5-bis- (μifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(S)- (methylaminocarbonylamino)ethyl)phenyl)-piperazine

NHCONHMe

Mass spectrum: (Cl) m/z 701 (37Q), 699(35ci).

EXAMPLE 68

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dich]orophenyl))-4-(N-3-fluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(R)- (methanesulfonylamino)ethyl)phenyl)-piperazine and l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3-fluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(S)- (methanesulfonylamino)ethyl)phenyl)-piperazine

Mass spectrum: (Cl) m/z 705(37d+35ci), 703(35dx2).

EXAMPLE 69

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3-fluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(R)- (dimethylaminocarbonylamino)ethyPphenyP-piperazine and l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3-fluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(S)- (dimethylaminocarbonylamino)ethypphenyl)-piperazine

Mass spectrum: (Cl) m/z 698(37ci+35d), 696(35cix2).

EXAMPLE 70

l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3-fluoro-5-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(R)-

(methylaminocarbor!ylamino)ethyl)phenyl)-piperazine and l-(3-((S)-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl))-4-(N-3-fluoro-5-

(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl(methylamino))butyl)-4-(2-(l-(S)-

(methylaminocarbonylamino)ethyPphenyP-piperazine

NHCONHMe

Mass spectrum: (Cl) m/z 684(37ci+35ci), 682(35dx2).