This invention relates to support-frameworks of a kind for affording support to a surface or one or more other elements using elongate supports which, in accordance with the relevant stress analysis, act individually as struts or ties anchored to the supported surface or one or more other elements.

Support-frameworks of the above kind are used, for example, in the support and construction of wall-cladding, roofs and ceilings to buildings or other permanent or temporary

structures, and in the support of floors, platforms and staging. Such support is commonly achieved by anchoring elongate supports at one end to the surface or the one or more other elements to be supported, with the other ends anchored to one or more supporting structures, so as to establish a framework of the elongate supports between the supported surface or other element and the one or more supporting structures .

The number and relative spacings required of the anchoring locations on the supported surface or the one or more other elements, and on the one or more supporting structures, depends on the relative disposition, loading and individual configuration requirements of the supported surface or the one or more other elements concerned. One or more elongate supports are anchored at each anchoring location, and the anchoring within each such location establishes, in the terminology of the present application, a 'node' of the framework formed by the elongate supports extending between the supported surface or the one or more other elements, and the one or more supporting structures.

It is one of the objects of the present invention to

facilitate the anchoring of the elongate supports at each node . According to the present invention there is provided a support-framework for affording support of a supported surface or of one or more other supported elements, wherein an end of each of one or more elongate supports is anchored to the supported surface or to at least one of the supported elements via a node that involves an individual domed-member which is secured to the supported surface or relevant supported element, and which has a part-spherical surface to which the one or more elongate supports extend radially.

The supported surface or each of the one or more supported elements of the support-framework may be supported by a plurality of the elongate supports which have ends anchored via nodes in one or more supporting structures (for example, purlins or beams), each node of the framework on the one or more supporting structures comprising an individual domed- member that has a part-spherical surface from which the one or more elongate supports of the node extend radially. The support of the supported surface or supported element may be from a supporting surface, which may be a structural surface, as for example in the support of cladding or facing surfaces of internal or external walls of a building or other

structure, and in these circumstances the framework may include nodes that involve respective domed-members which each have a part-spherical surface and which are secured to the relevant supporting surface at spaced locations from one another .

According to a feature of the present invention there is provided a support-framework located between two surfaces for providing mutual support between the two surfaces, or support of one of the surfaces from the other, wherein opposite ends of elongate supports are anchored in nodes of the framework secured to the two surfaces respectively, and the anchoring of the ends of the elongate supports to the respective surface at each such node is via a domed-member individual to the node secured to the respective surface with one or more of the elongate supports anchored to a part-spherical surface of the domed-member to extend radially from that part-spherical surface.

A particular advantage of the present invention lies in the facility and economy with which the support-framework can be designed and constructed even where there is complexity of configuration or otherwise in the supported surface or other element and/or in the supporting surface or other supporting structure or structures.

The domed-member at each node referred to above, may be hollow and have a circumferential outwardly-directed flange for use in securing the domed-member to the relevant surface or supporting structure. The domed-members may be of metal, for example pressed sheet metal, or of plastics.

The elongate supports may be rods or hollow tubes, and for example, may be metal extrusions.

Support-frameworks according to the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is illustrative of part of a support-framework according to the invention;

Figures 2 to 5 are respectively, a side elevation, an

isometric view from above, a sectional view, and a plan view of a typical domed-member of the support-framework of the invention;

Figure 6 shows a typical domed-member with illustration of angles used in the location and orientation of a typical aperture in its hemispherical surface;

Figure 7 is an exploded isometric view to an enlarged scale of a typical coupling used for anchoring elongate supports via domed-members of the support-framework of the invention; Figure 8 is illustrative of typical elongate tubular supports each anchored at its two ends by couplings of the form shown in Figure 7 to domed-members of supporting and supported surfaces respectively, of an installation according to the invention; and

Figure 9 is an isometric view of a typical domed-member that provides anchoring for four elongate tubular supports.

Referring to Figure 1, the example of support-framework 1 in this case is for the support of a curved surface 2 at a designed varying-spacing above a flat surface 3. In this regard, the support of the curved surface 2 is achieved using elongate supports 4 (each determined individually to be a tie or a strut in dependence upon stress analysis of forces within the framework 1) anchored at one end to the surface 2 and at the other end to the surface 3. The number and relative spacings of the anchoring locations on the two surfaces 2 and 3, and the number and angle of the support members 4 anchored there, are determined using known design processes in

dependence upon such factors as the relative dispositions, loadings and individual configurations of the two surfaces 2 and 3. Each anchoring location on the surfaces 2 and 3 constitutes a node N of the framework 1, and according to the present invention each node N involves a hollow domed-member 5 having a hemispherical surface 6 centred on the anchoring location .

A typical domed-member 5 is illustrated by Figures 2 to 5 and will now be described.

Referring to Figures 2 to 5, the domed-member 5 has an outwardly-directed equatorial flange 7 to the hemispherical surface 6 (the bottom surface of the flange 7 is in the equatorial plane) . The surface 6 is pierced radially with an aperture 8 and the flange 7 has fixing holes 9 for use in securing the member 5 to the relevant surface 2 or 3. A notch 10 in the edge of the flange 7 is used for guidance in orienting the dome member 5 appropriately in its installation in the framework 1.

More particularly, a centre-section plane through the notch 10 and the centre 11 of the hemispherical surface 6 defines a datum plane with reference to which the location and

orientation of the aperture 8 can be uniquely defined in terms of an ordered combination of three angles, namely, and as illustrated in Figure 6: an angle A by which a plane

containing the longitudinal axis of the radial aperture 8 and the centre 11 of the surface 6 is angularly spaced ^x in azimuth' from the datum plane; an angle B by which the axis of the aperture 8 is angularly spaced ίη altitude' from the base of the flange 7 (the equatorial plane of the surface 6) ; and an angle C by which the longitudinal axis of the aperture 8 is spaced ^λ ίη rotation' out of the plane containing the

'altitude' angle B.

Where more than one elongate support 4 is required to be anchored via a common domed-member 5, the hemispherical surface 6 of that member 5 will be pierced radially by that number of apertures 8, each defined by its unique combination of angles ABC. As with domed-members 5 that anchor a single elongate support 4, the anchoring is effected in each aperture 8 by means of a coupling 12 clamped in the aperture 8 so as to anchor the support 4 securely by its end to the surface 6 of the domed-member 5.

A typical coupling 12 is illustrated in Figure 7, and will now be described.

Referring to Figure 7, the coupling 12 has two parts, namely a one-piece socket head 13 and a nut 14 for clamping the head 13 to the relevant domed-member 5. In this respect, the head 13 has a hollow, cylindrically-walled socket 15 which is

upstanding from a circumferential flange 16, and a threaded spigot 17 (thread not shown) that extends rearwardly from the flange 16. A hole 18 for a rivet extends diametrically through the cylindrical wall of the socket 15, and the threaded spigot 17 has a flat 20 machined into its thread, front and back.

During clamping of the coupling 12 to its domed-member 5, the spigot 17 can be entered fully through the aperture 8 only when it is rotated about its longitudinal axis to align its front and back flats 20 with corresponding, diametrically- opposite flats 21 within the aperture 8 (see Figure 5; the flats 21 are omitted from the representations of aperture 8 in Figures 2 to 4) . This enables the nut 14 to be tightened on the spigot 17 within the member 5 so as to clamp the coupling 12 firmly to the surface 6 between the nut 14 and the flange 16 of the head 13. The coupling 12 is by this firmly secured to the domed-member 5 axially-aligned with the axis of the radial aperture 8 to afford increased overall stiffness to the anchoring provided by the domed-member 5.

Figure 8 shows part of the framework 1 with two elongate tubular supports 4 (which may each be tubes of extruded aluminium) both anchored at their opposite ends to domed- members 5 secured respectively to the supported surface 2 and the supporting surface 3; the two tubular supports 4 are anchored to the supported surface 2 via separate domed-members 5 and to the supporting surface 3 in common via a single domed-member 5.

A coupling 12 is clamped between its flange 13 and nut 14 to the surface 6 of each domed-member 5 at each end of each tubular support 4. The two ends of each tubular support 4 are inserted (with close fit) in the sockets 15 of the two couplings 12 and are held fast in each coupling 12 by a _. rivet (not shown) driven through the hole 18 of its socket 15.

The clamping of the coupling 12 in the radial aperture 8 of the hemispherical surface 6 of the domed-member 5 at each end of each tubular support 4, retains the longitudinal axes of the two tubular supports 4 aligned with the centres 11 of the surfaces 6 of the respective domed-members 5 on the two surfaces 2 and 3. Other couplings 12 may be correspondingly added for other individual tubular supports 4 of the framework 1.

Although the surface 3 is shown in Figures 1 and 9 as

straight, flat and continuous, this, and the surface 2 may instead be of curved, interrupted or irregular configuration, and depending on variations in circumstances of stressing and design from one node to another within the framework 1, the domed-members 5 used on each surface 2 and 3 may variously anchor just one supporting member 4, or a plurality of them in common, to that surface.

The domed-members 5 are secured to their respective surfaces 2 and 3 with individual orientations and locations that are determined in accordance with computer analysis and

calculations appropriate to the stressing and design of the framework 1. The analysis and calculation includes derivation of the coded angle-combination 'ABC ' for each individual domed-member 5 to define the location and orientation of the radially-pierced aperture 8 required in its hemispherical surface 6. The orientations of the flats 21 within the aperture 8 are similarly defined.

An example of a further domed-member 5 with couplings 12 for four tubular supports 4 of the framework 1, is illustrated by Figure 9. The number of nodes required in a support-framework of the present invention, and the number of tubular supports 4 that are required to be interconnected via each individual node, will vary according to the nature and specifics of the application under consideration. Examples of potential applications include: interior- and exterior-wall cladding; support of ceilings and roofs; floor levelling; construction of temporary and permanent buildings and bridges; scaffolding; temporary and permanent barriers, staircases, staging, grandstands and pavilions; and permanent and temporary play and recreational areas and structures.

Although the present invention has been described above more especially in the context of supporting a surface from another surface, it is to be understood that the invention extends to the provision of a support-framework where support is provided individually to separate elements of a structure or body from a supporting structure or body. In this case, each of one or more elongate supports extends radially of the part-spherical surfaces of the domed-members of a pair of nodes, one located on the relevant element and the other on the supporting structure or body. A support-framework of this form may be used for example in the establishment of a sculpture armature or other sculptural structure in which the one or more elements support separate parts of the sculpture.