TEXT OF THE DESCRIPTION

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to the field of surgical instruments and has been developed with particular reference to autonomous lighting devices, i.e., ones provided with a power-supply source of their own, which can be used for supplying lighting to an operating field or, more in general, to biological tissues, during a surgical operation, in particular a laparoscopic or thoracoscopic surgical operation.

Prior art

Certain modem surgical techniques, such as laparoscopy or thoracoscopy, envisage execution of an invasive surgical operation, without opening an anatomic wall of a subject, typically the abdominal or thoracic wall. For this purpose a laparoscope is used, i.e., a miniaturised camera that is guided manually in the operating field, in particular between the tissues of a subject, and that transmits to a monitor the images within the space examined, as well as fine surgical instruments, which are introduced through small holes made in the abdominal or thoracic wall.

The miniaturised camera typically includes a light source for illuminating the operating field. The overall dimensions of the outer casing of the camera must necessarily be small in so far as it has to penetrate through a hole of the abdominal or thoracic wall of just a few millimetres of diameter (typically approximately 10- 12 mm): this means that in the casing, in addition to the optical componentry of the camera, there can be housed a light source of very small dimensions, capable of supplying a relatively limited lighting.

This low availability of lighting, together with the fact that the camera supplies a substantially two-dimensional image characterized by a limited rendering of depth, represents a considerable difficulty for the surgeon, for example when using the instruments that are necessary for carrying out the operation.

Endoscopic devices are known configured substantially as capsules that can be ingested by a human or animal subject and are provided with a camera, a corresponding wireless communication arrangement, and an autonomous electrical supply source. Given that these devices are devised for passing through the alimentary tract of the subject, i.e., without involving cutting of tissues of a subject, they can have dimensions larger than those of cameras used in laparoscopy or thoracoscopy, and hence can house light sources of larger dimensions and/or higher power, with an adequate lighting of the field framed.

Some of these ingestable endoscopic devices comprise two units or modules that are connected together, typically represented by a filming module, which integrates a camera and a light source, with the corresponding control circuitry, and a power-supply module, which integrates a battery and a wireless transmission circuit. The two modules are mechanically connected together by means of a soft flexible tube, within which an electrical cable extends that connects the circuitry present in the two modules. A device of this type is known, for example, from US 2003/023150 Al, on which the preamble of Claim 1 is based.

These ingestable endoscopic devices, even when configured as single capsule, are basically used for conducting visual examinations in viscera or organs contained in body cavities of the subject (and, in the limit, sampling using suitable actuators), and not during surgical operations. In particular, these known devices cannot be, for example, positioned exactly as desired by a surgeon in the point deemed most suitable in the course of the operation, for example for backlighting a biological tissue or an area of the body on which it is necessary to carry out a surgical operation.

Aim and summary of the invention

In view of what has been set forth above, the object of the present invention is basically to provide a surgical lighting device that is easy to position by a surgeon in the area deemed suitable of a cavity or between the tissues of a human or animal patient, in order to improve lighting of the surgical field in the course of operations, in particular laparoscopic or thoracoscopic operations.

The present invention has likewise the aim to provide one such surgical lighting device that is minimally invasive, easy to use, and with a contained cost.

According to a different aspect, the present invention has the aim to provide a surgical lighting device or, more in general, an electronic device having an electrical load that can be supplied via a battery, designed to guarantee a low electrical consumption and/or a longer battery life in conditions of prolonged non use thereof, for example when the electronic device equipped with a battery remains stored for a long period. One or more of the aforesaid aim and of other aims still, which will emerge more clearly hereinafter, are achieved according to the present invention by a surgical lighting device and by an electronic device that present the characteristics specified in the annexed claims. The claims form an integral part of the technical teaching provided herein in relation to the invention.

Brief description of the drawings

Further aims, characteristics, and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the ensuing detailed description, with reference to the annexed drawings, which are provided purely by way of explanatory and non-limiting example and in which:

- Figures 1 and 2 are schematic perspective views, from different angles, of a surgical lighting device according to possible embodiments of the invention;

- Figures 3 and 4 are partial and schematic views, respectively a sectioned perspective view and a longitudinal sectional view, of a lighting module of a device according to possible embodiments of the invention;

- Figure 5 is an exploded schematic view of a lighting module of a device according to possible embodiments of the invention;

- Figures 6 and 7 are a partially sectioned schematic perspective view and a corresponding enlarged detail, respectively, of a power-supply module of a device according to possible embodiments of the invention;

- Figure 8 is an exploded schematic view of a power- supply module of a device according to possible embodiments of the invention;

- Figures 9 and 10 are partially sectioned schematic perspective views of an articulated joint of a device according to possible embodiments of the invention in a separated condition and in a coupled condition, respectively;

- Figure 11 is a schematic view of an end portion of a lighting module of a device according to possible embodiments of the invention;

- Figure 12 is a cross sectional view, according to the line XII- XII of Figure 11, of four angular positions that can be assumed by the lighting module of Figure 11;

- Figures 13 and 14 are schematic views, respectively a perspective view and a partially sectioned perspective view, of a device according to further possible embodiments of the invention;

- Figures 15 and 16 are exploded schematic views of a lighting module and of a power-supply module, respectively, of a device according to further possible embodiments of the invention;

- Figures 17 and 18 are partially sectioned schematic perspective views of an articulated joint of a device according to further possible embodiments of the invention in a separated condition and a coupled condition, respectively;

- Figure 19 is a partial and schematic perspective view of a device according to further possible embodiments of the invention;

- Figure 20 is an enlarged detail of Figure 19;

- Figures 21 and 22 are schematic perspective views of two articulated- joint members of a device according to further possible embodiments of the invention;

- Figure 23 is a partially sectioned schematic perspective view of an articulated joint of a device according to further possible embodiments of the invention, in a separated condition;

- Figure 24 is a schematic side view of a device according to further possible embodiments of the invention;

- Figure 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view according to the line XXV- XXV of Figure 24;

- Figures 26 and 27 are partially sectioned schematic perspective views of an articulated joint of a device according to further possible embodiments of the invention, in a separated condition and a coupled condition respectively;

- Figure 28 is a schematic side view of a device according to further possible embodiments of the invention;

- Figure 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view according to the line XXIX-XXIX of Figure 28;

- Figure 30 is a partially sectioned schematic perspective view of an articulated joint of a device according to further possible embodiments of the invention, in a separated condition; and

- Figures 31, 32, 33, and 34 are simplified electrical circuit diagrams of devices according to possible embodiments of the invention.

Description of embodiments

Reference to“an embodiment”,“one embodiment”, or“various embodiments” and the like, in the framework of the present description is intended to indicate that at least one particular configuration, structure, or characteristic described in relation to an embodiment is comprised in at least one embodiment. Hence, phrases such as “in an embodiment”, “in one embodiment”, “in various embodiments”, and the like, that may be present in various points of the present description, do not necessarily refer to one and the same embodiment, but may instead refer to different embodiments. Moreover, particular conformations, structures, or characteristics defined in the context of this description may be combined in any adequate way in one or more embodiments, even different from the ones represented. The reference numbers and spatial references (such as“top”, “bottom”,“upper”,“lower”,“front”,“rear”, “back”, etc.) used herein, in particular with reference to the examples illustrated in the figures, are provided merely for convenience and hence do not define the sphere of protection or the scope of the embodiments. The terms“operating field” in the framework of this description are meant to refer to an area comprising biological tissue in a human or animal subject, in particular an area accessible via an invasive surgical operation, i.e., through at least one incision or cut of a biological tissue. In the figures, the same reference numbers are used to designate elements that are similar or technically equivalent to one another.

Represented in Figures 1 and 2 is a surgical lighting device provided according to possible embodiments of the invention, used for supplying lighting to an operating field in the course of a surgical operation. The device according to the invention is specially configured for use in the course of laparoscopic or thoracoscopic surgical operations, and for this purpose has a minimally invasive structure. The device according to the invention is preferably intended to supply lighting additional to that supplied by a laparoscope, it possibly, however, being a light source for a surgical operation carried out using other instruments without any lighting of their own. The device according to the invention can, on the other hand, be used also in the course of open surgical operations, for example in laparotomy operations, in particular when a surgeon wishes to have available a more precise lighting of a given site on which to intervene, for example for backlighting such a site.

The device, designated as a whole by 1, comprises at least one first unit or module and a second unit or module, in particular a lighting unit or module 10, and a power-supply unit or module 30, which are at least in part functionally distinct from one another.

As will emerge clearly hereinafter, in various embodiments, at least a part of a lighting device according to the invention, such as the unit or module 10, is configured for being inserted at least partially within the body of a human or animal patient, in particular through a hole or cut made in the aforesaid body, such as a hole or cut of a type suitable for execution of laparoscopic or thoracoscopic operations.

The lighting module 10 comprises a respective hollow body 11, which is preferably made at least in part of a material transparent to light radiation, in particular a rigid or semi-rigid biocompatible polymer, for example PVC. In various embodiments, a part made of such a transparent material is associated to a remaining part of a hollow body that is not transparent, for example via soldering, or gluing, or other fluid-tight fixing, possibly with a gasket. In various embodiments, the body 11 has an elongated configuration; i.e., it extends according to a respective longitudinal axis Xi, and preferentially has a substantially cylindrical shape in cross section. By way of indication, the body 11 may have a length of between 40 mm and 100 mm and a diameter of between 5 mm and 15 mm, preferably between 9 mm and 12 mm. The module 10 is preferably free of filming means, such as a miniaturised camera.

The hollow volume defined by the body 11 is closed at a front end thereof by a wall l la, having a preferentially substantially tapered or ogival shape. Preferably defined on the outside of said front closing wall l la is a gripping appendage or seat 12, the functions of which will be clarified hereinafter.

Also the power- supply module 30 comprises a respective hollow body 31, preferably made of rigid or semi-rigid biocompatible polymer, for example PVC. In various embodiments, also the body 31 has a generally elongated configuration, preferably having a substantially cylindrical shape, i.e., extending according to a respective longitudinal axis X ₂ . By way of indication, the body 31 may have a length of between 50 mm and 150 mm and a diameter of between 5 mm and 15 mm, preferably between 9 mm and 12 mm.

In various embodiments - such as the one exemplified - the body 31 has a front part 3 la shaped so as to define a passage for a flexible electrical cable 50, which connects together the two modules 10 and 30 and hence extends at least in part on the outside of the bodies 11 and 31. The electrical cable may indicatively have a length comprised between 200 mm and 400 mm. Also the outer coating of the cable 50 is preferentially made of a biocompatible material.

In various embodiments - such as the one exemplified - the rear end of the body 31 is closed via a closing element 32, preferably made at least in part of an elastically deformable material, such as a biocompatible elastomer, for the purposes explained below.

The body 11 houses within it a first circuit arrangement, which includes at least one light source configured for generating light radiation, whereas the body 31 houses a second circuit arrangement, which includes at least one source of electrical energy configured for electrically supplying the first circuit arrangement.

The device 1 comprises a connection arrangement, used for connecting the module 10 to the module 30 both electrically and mechanically. In various embodiments, such as the one exemplified in Figures 1 and 2, the aforesaid connection arrangement includes the electrical cable 50. As will be seen, however, the presence of the cable 50 does not constitute an essential characteristic of the invention.

According to one aspect of the invention, the aforementioned connection arrangement comprises an articulated joint, denoted as a whole by J in Figures 1 and 2, which is configured for enabling at least rotational or angular movements of the body 11 with respect to the body 31, in particular movements of rotation about the axis Xi. As will emerge more clearly hereinafter, the possibility of rotating the body 11 with respect to the body 31 enables free variation of the orientation of the light radiation emitted by the lighting module 10, without this rotation being countered by the electrical cable 50, when this cable is envisaged.

In various embodiments, the articulated joint J between the modules 10 and 30 is a releasable connection, configured for enabling electrical and mechanical separation of the lighting module 10 from the power-supply module 30.

Partially visible in Figures 3 and 4 is a lighting module 10 according to possible implementations of the invention, with the corresponding internal circuit arrangement, designated as a whole by 13. As has been said, the circuit arrangement 13 includes at least one light source that, in various embodiments, comprises a plurality of light emitters within the body 11, in particular emitters of an optoelectronic type. In preferred embodiments a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 14 are provided.

In various embodiments the LEDs 14 are white-light LEDs with different shades of colour, designed to illuminate appropriately the biological tissues lying within the operating field, including hot-light LEDs (with a colour temperature lower than 3300K), neutral-light LEDs (with a colour temperature of between 3300K and 5300K) and cold-light LEDs (with a colour temperature of between 5300K and 6500K). Not excluded, on the other hand, from the scope of the invention is the use of coloured LEDs, in particular in order to carry out given surgical procedures, in order to obtain particular effects already applied in the endoscopic sector for illuminating the operating field (such as the use of blue-light LEDs, with a wavelength preferably of approximately 415 nm, in order to highlight the surface capillaries and the details of the epithelial crests, or else the use of light-green LEDs, with a wavelength preferably of approximately 540 nm, in order to highlight the structure of the deeper mucosa). It is also possible to use infrared LEDs, with a wavelength in the range of 750 to 1000 nm, in order to facilitate location and viewing of the ureters and of the oesophagus during the laparoscopice operations, and moreover ultraviolet LEDs, with a wavelength in the range of 280 to 440 nm, for example in surgical procedures in which the differences of fluorescence are used to distinguish healthy tissue from dysplastic tissue.

In various embodiments, the LEDs 14 used are with a high luminous flux, preferably in the range of 15 to 50 lumen, in order to guarantee effective lighting of the operating field and hence a better aid for surgical practice. Preferentially, the LEDs 14 are LEDs with a high light efficiency, preferably in the range of 100 to 300 lumen/W, in order to guarantee a limited battery power consumption.

In various embodiments, the LEDs 14 have an angle of emission of the light preferably calibrated in the range of 90° to 180°, in order to achieve an efficient compromise between the distribution of the light beam and the intensity of illumination. In various embodiments, the distance between the LEDs 14 is reduced, preferably in the range between 0.5 and 2 mm, in order to guarantee a light beam that is as uniform as possible, hence preventing areas of shade that are troublesome for viewing by the operator.

In various embodiments, the LEDs 14 are arranged according to an aligned configuration, substantially parallel to the axis Xi of the module 10, and are mounted on one and the same support 15, for example a printed-circuit board (PCB), preferentially having a generally elongated and narrow configuration.

The LEDs 14 may be of an SMD (Surface-Mount Device) type, mounted on the PCB 15, but different types of assembly thereof are possible, for example using the so-called LED-strip lights, which are constituted by a flexible printed circuit with adhesive back, provided with light emitters mounted on the front surface of the support, or again the so-called LED arrays, based upon COB (Chip- on-Board) technology, i.e., basically chips carrying multiple LEDs (in general, nine or more) directly soldered on a substrate to form a single module.

Advantageously, the body 31 may be formed - for example, via moulding - so as to define integrally within it one or more elements for positioning the support 15 of the LEDs 14 within the body 11, for example a pair of lateral positioning elements l lb and an end positioning element llc. The light-emitting part of the LEDs 14 is oriented towards a portion of the body 11 that is made of a material transparent to the light radiation that can be emitted by the LEDs 14. On the other hand, the internal body 11 may be made of the aforesaid transparent material, which, as has been said, is preferentially a biocompatible polymeric material.

In various embodiments, within the body 11 there may be set at least one member made of elastically deformable and electrically insulating material, for example an elastomer, which contributes to ensuring maintenance of the correct working position of the support 15. Such a positioning member preferentially has an outer profile that is at least in part conformable to the inner profile of the peripheral wall of the body 11, even with a slightly larger diameter. In the example, designated by 16 is one such positioning member, the outer profile of which includes a generally plane lower part - designated by l6a in Figure 5 - that can be rested against the support 15. In various embodiments, the member 16 is inserted within the body 11 in a condition of partial elastic compression so as to keep the support 15 elastically in the correct position relative to the longitudinal positioning elements 1 lb and to the end positioning element 1 lc.

Once again in Figures 3 and 4, designated by l5a and l5b are two conductors, used for electrical connection of the support 15, and hence of the LEDs 14, to the rest of the circuit, as explained hereinafter.

Visible in Figure 5 are the main components of the lighting module 10. In addition to the body 11, the support 15 with the LEDs 14, and the positioning member 16, visible in Figure 5 are the parts of an electrical-connector system and the parts of a mechanical-connector system, which, according to various embodiments, form part of the articulated joint J referred to previously. Preferentially, the electrical-connector system and the mechanical-connector system are of a separable or releasable type.

In various embodiments, the aforementioned electrical-connector system comprises a male electrical connector, associated to one of the body 11 and the body 31, and a female electrical connector, associated to the other one of the body 11 and the body 31, where the male and female connectors are configured for enabling, in the respective coupled condition, the aforesaid rotational or angular movements of the body 11 with respect to the body 31.

In various embodiments, the aforementioned mechanical-connector system comprises at least one first articulated-joint member, which is fixed to the body 11 or defined thereby, and a second articulated-joint member, which is fixed to the body 31 or defined thereby. Preferentially, the two articulated-joint members are fixed to or defined at a respective longitudinal end of the body 11 or of the body 31, respectively. In various embodiments, the two articulated-joint members have respective elements of mutual mechanical coupling, which are configured for enabling, in the respective coupled condition, angular or rotational movements of the body 11 with respect to the body 31. In various embodiments, the aforesaid mutual coupling means are elastically engageable together and, if need be, even separable.

In various embodiments, the electrical-connector system is a system where the male connector and the female connector are configured for coupling together in an axial direction, for example according to an axis coinciding with or parallel to the axis Xi (or X ₂ , in other embodiments). In various embodiments, the male connector and the female connector are configured to be able to rotate freely with respect to one another about the aforesaid axis, also in their coupled condition.

For this purpose, in various embodiments, the male connector comprises at least two first electrical-contact elements, made of electrically conductive material, each of which has a first radial contact surface, in particular an outer radial surface, and the female connector comprises two corresponding second electrical-contact elements, made of electrically conductive material, each of which has a corresponding second radial contact surface, in particular an inner radial surface, where the first and second contact elements can be coupled together with a relative movement in an axial direction, so that the aforesaid first radial surface of the first contact elements is in electrical contact, in particular in an elastic way, with the second radial surface of the second contact elements, and angular or rotational movements of the first contact elements with respect to the second contact elements will be allowed.

In a first type of solution, the first contact elements may be arranged along one and the same axis but at a distance apart in the axial direction, given that they belong, for example, to one and the same generally cylindrical jack element, so that, following upon a movement of coupling in an axial direction between the male connector and the female connector, the second contact elements - which are also set at a distance from one another in the axial direction and arranged laterally with respect to the aforesaid jack element - will press elastically on the first contact elements.

In a second type of solution, the first contact elements may be arranged substantially concentric with one another and each comprise, for example, two substantially cylindrical elements, which can be received in two corresponding second contact elements, which are also generally cylindrical and concentric, arranged in such a way that - following upon a movement of coupling in an axial direction - the inner and/or outer radial surfaces of the second elements will be in contact with the outer and/or inner radial surfaces of the first elements, in particular in an elastic way or with slight mechanical interference. The aforesaid generally cylindrical contact elements may also each be formed by two or more generally arched elements, in particular lamellae shaped like the arc of a circle, arranged so as to define as a whole a generally cylindrical shape.

It will in any case be appreciated that other types of male and female electrical connectors may be used for the purpose, provided that the possibility of relative rotation in the coupled condition is guaranteed.

In various preferential embodiments, such as the ones exemplified in the figures, the electrical-connector system is substantially of the first type exemplified above.

With reference in particular to Figure 5, designated as a whole by 17 is a female electrical connector with elastic radial or lateral contacts. For the purposes of the ensuing description, it is to be assumed that in various embodiments the connector 17 comprises a connector body 18, having a tubular shape, i.e., an axially hollow shape, within which there extend at least two radial or lateral electrical contacts l9a and l9b, which are flexible at least at one end thereof or in an intermediate area, and are made of an electrically conductive material, for example a metal material or alloy having an appropriate shape. In Figure 5 just one part of the contacts l9a and l9b that extends on the outside of the connector body 18 is visible, but the contacts themselves are clearly visible, for example, in Figures 9 and 10. In various embodiments, the two contacts l9a and l9b are mounted passing through a corresponding electrically insulating support 20, which is in turn mounted at one end of the connector body 18. The connector body 18 preferentially has a circular cross section (and hence the support 20 is preferentially disk-shaped) and may present, in its front part, a portion of smaller diameter, which also has a circular cross section.

In various embodiments, the connector body 18 is made of electrically insulating material. However, in other embodiments, the connector body 18 may be made of electrically conductive material, for example when it provides itself one of the electrical contacts required, in the case of a bipolar connector, or else it provides a third additional contact in the case of a tripolar connector; for this purpose, also the connector body may be shaped for providing or comprise a flexible contact.

In the case exemplified in the figure, the connector body 18 is made of electrically conductive material, and associated to the support 20 is an electrical terminal l9c that is in contact with the body 18 (i.e., in electrical conduction therewith), so that the body 18 itself can function as electrical contact that can be connected to a corresponding conductor. In various embodiments described hereinafter, however, the terminal l9c is not used, just the two contacts l9a and l9b being sufficient for implementation.

Designated as a whole by 21 is a male electrical connector, which, in the non-limiting case represented, is a male connector with a number of contact elements, in particular contact elements of a radial type, arranged along one and the same axis and set at a distance apart in the axial direction and belonging to one and the same plug element.

For the purposes of the ensuing description, it is to be assumed that in various embodiments the connector 21 comprises a respective connector body 22, made of electrically insulating material, which supports a respective plug 23 that includes at least two respective electrically conductive coaxial parts, which are to co-operate with respective electrical contacts of the female connector 17. In the case exemplified, the connector body 22 has a flange part 22a, projecting from the front of which is the plug 23. Projecting from the back of the flange part 22a is, instead, a cylindrical body part 22b, provided on the outside with positioning and/or centring formations 22c. In the case exemplified, the plug 23 includes three electrically conductive parts, namely, a tip, a ring, and a sleeve designated, respectively, by 23a, 23b, and 23c, for example made of a metal or metal alloy, which are appropriately insulated from one another, the insulation means comprising, for example, insulating rings or tubular elements, which are partially visible and designated by 23d.

Projecting from the back of the cylindrical part 22b of the insulating body 22 are connection terminals, designated by 23a’, 23b’, and 23c’ for example in Figures 9 and 10, electrically connected to the parts 23a, 23b, and 23c. As will be seen, in various embodiments, the function of electrical contact associated to the sleeve 23c (and hence to the terminal 23c’) of the plug 23 is not used, the tip 23a and the ring 23b (and hence the terminals 23a’ and 23b’) being sufficient for implementation.

Once again in Figure 5, designated as a whole by 24 is a first mechanical articulated-joint member, which is to be fixed to the body 11, in particular partially inserted in its rear end, i.e., the end opposite to the wall 1 la. The member 24 has a tubular body of a generally cylindrical shape, with an intermediate annular flange 24a that identifies in the body of the member 24 two opposite portions 24b and 24c, the portion 24b being designed for coupling with the body 11 (see, for example, Figures 9 and 10). In various embodiments, the flange 24a provides an element that provides an end-of-travel contrast to insertion of the portion 24b into the body 11 of the module 1 (or else, in other embodiments, into the body 31 of the module 30). Coupling between the portion 24b and the corresponding device body, here the body 11 (but in other embodiments it could be the body 31) is preferably of a sealed type. For this purpose, on the portion 24b there could be provided a seat for a sealing element, such as an O-ring, and/or the mechanical coupling could be completed via soldering and/or application of a biocompatible sealant and/or application of a biocompatible adhesive which also performs sealing functions. As will be seen, on the other hand, the articulated- joint member 24 may also be defined integrally by the body 11 (or by the body 31, according to the type of embodiment).

In various embodiments, defined on the outside of the portion 24c is an annular seat or groove 24d for a sealing element, in particular a radial sealing element, such as an O-ring designated by 25. Preferentially, the seat 24 is closer to the end of the portion 24c than to the flange 24a. Also defined on the outside of the portion 24c is a second annular seat or groove, designated by 24e, which provides a mechanical-coupling element, as will appear hereinafter. Preferentially, the seat 24e is in a position relatively close to the flange 24a; i.e., it is located on the portion 24c in an intermediate position with respect to the seat 24d and the flange 24a.

Once again in Figure 5, designated as a whole by 26 is a second mechanical articulated-joint member, which is to be coupled to the first articulated-joint member 24, in particular partially fitted on its portion 24c that is to project axially on the outside of the body 11. The member 26 has a tubular body having a generally cylindrical shape that has, in its front part, second mechanical-coupling elements, which are to co-operate with those of the member 24, i.e., its seat 24e. In various embodiments, the mechanical-coupling elements of the member 26 comprise two or more engagement reliefs, in particular defined by front sectors 26a of the peripheral wall of the member 26, substantially configured like arched tabs, provided with reliefs or engagement elements 26b designed for engagement in the seat 24e of the member 24. Preferentially, these sectors or tabs 26a are of a type that is at least in part flexible or elastically yielding, for enabling coupling to the first articulated-joint member 24. In the example, the sectors or tabs 26a are defined by axial cuts or slits in the peripheral wall of the member 26, which extend backwards starting from its front edge. Once again with reference to the example, the reliefs 26b are configured substantially as teeth distinguished by a front inclined surface in order to facilitate coupling into the corresponding seat 24e of the member 24. In various embodiments, such as the one exemplified, the reliefs 26b are basically configured for preventing separation between the two articulated-joint members 24 and 26, but in other embodiments they may be prearranged (for example with two inclined surfaces set on top of one another) to enable, in the case of need, separation between the two articulated-joint members 24 and 26. Separation between the two members 24 and 26 may in any case be obtained, if need be, with the aid of a generic tool, in particular a tool with a thin tip. In various embodiments, the body of the member 26 is shaped to surround the jack 23 and define a cavity adapted to receive at least partially the member 24. In various embodiments the bodies of the members 24 and 26 are shaped in such a way that, in their coupled condition, does not cause substantial discontinuities or steps in the outer profile of the coupling area, or in said area the outer profiles of the bodies of the members 24 and 26 have substantially the same diameter, to ease insertion and extraction of the device 1 through a single hole made in the body of the human or animal patient. Preferably, the jack 24 does not extend forward beyond the front of the member 26, i.e., outside of the above cavity.

Figure 6 represents a power-supply module 10 according to possible embodiments of the invention, with the corresponding internal circuit arrangement, designated as a whole by 33. As has been said, the circuit arrangement 33 includes at least one autonomous source of electrical energy, which may comprise a battery 34, for example a battery of a double-A type in the case exemplified, which is here assumed as being designed to supply a rated voltage of 1.5 V.

In various embodiments, such as the one exemplified, the circuit arrangement 33 of the module 30 also includes a management and/or control circuit 35, preferentially comprising a circuit support or PCB, located on which are corresponding electrical and/or electronic circuit components used at least for driving and/or electrical supply of the LEDs 14.

In various embodiments, the aforesaid circuit components comprise at least one circuit 351, for example in the form of an integrated circuit, for control and/or adjustment of the LEDs 14, which is preferentially prearranged for adjusting at least one of an intensity of emission of the light radiation by the LEDs 14 (i.e., an electrical power absorbed by the LEDs 14) and a frequency of the light radiation (i.e., the shade of colour) emitted by the LEDs 14. As has been said, the LEDs 14 are preferentially white-light LEDs, but not excluded from the scope of the invention is the use of optoelectronic components of some other type.

In various embodiments, the aforesaid circuit components comprise at least one circuit 35 ₂ , for example in the form of an integrated circuit, for wireless communication, such as a transceiver, preferably connected in signal communication with the control and/or adjustment circuit 35i. The circuit 35 ₂ , for example a receiver or a transceiver of a Bluetooth or Wi-Fi type, may be connected in wireless mode to a corresponding transmitter or transceiver belonging to an electronic external control device, preferably of a portable type, for example a mobile phone or a portable personal computer, such as a smart phone, or tablet, or laptop, provided with a corresponding application or program that enables supply of control signals for control of the circuit 35i, in particular for at least varying the intensity of emission of light and/or the shade of colour of the LEDs 14. In this way, it is possible to optimise lighting of the operating field remotely, without having to intervene directly on the device 1 after this has been positioned on the patient. In various embodiments, the device 1 includes an electrical or electronic switch (defined hereinafter for brevity also only as“switch”), used for switching on and switching off the device 1, i.e., its LEDs 14. An example of such a switch is designated by 36 in Figure 6. The electrical switch is preferentially an electromechanical switch, i.e., one that can be switched in a mechanical way. In various embodiments, the switch 36 is of a bistable (open/close) type connected in series between one of the poles of the battery 34 (here the pole designated by 34a) and the support of the circuit 35. Not visible in Figure 6 is the electrical conductor used for connecting the switch 36 in series to the circuit 35, while two contacts are visible, designated by 37a and 37b, preferably used for connecting the two poles of the battery 34 to the switch 36 and to the circuit 35, respectively.

As will be seen, in various embodiments, the switch comprises a monostable pushbutton switch, and the electronic control circuitry of the device is configured for enabling switching-on and switching-off of the FEDs via consecutive activation of the aforesaid pushbutton switch, preferably by way of at least one electronic device or switch, such as a MOSFET. In further embodiments, the switch is housed within one of the bodies of the device and can be switched via a pulse generated on the outside of said body, such as a switch that can be switched via a magnetic pulse or field, or else a switch that can be controlled via a radiofrequency signal.

The pushbutton switch can be used, for example, for interrupting emission of light from the device 1 when no additional lighting is necessary so as to save the battery and enable a longer battery life.

Control via the pushbutton switch is to be deemed preferable in so far as it is easy to operate, for example with instruments or implements already normally used in mini-invasive surgical procedures. The shape and/or size of the pushbutton of the switch are hence preferentially configured so as to be easily operated via mere pressure applied with the end of one of these surgical instruments, for example a laparoscopic forceps, i.e., avoiding commands that entail complex movements (for example, a lever to be rotated).

In various embodiments, such as the ones exemplified in the figures, where the body 31 of the power-supply module 30 has a generally elongated tubular shape, the electrical switch 36 is set inside the body 31 and can be operated from the corresponding rear or distal end. In various embodiments, this rear end is provided with a closing element, such as the one already designated by 32, which has an operating part that can undergo elastic deformation, for enabling switching of the switch 36.

With reference in particular to Figure 7, in various embodiments, the body 36a of the switch 36 is mounted in the proximity of the rear end of the body 31, in particular in a position recessed with respect thereto, with the actuation element 36b of the switch that faces the aforesaid end. Mounted at the end of the body 31 is the closing element 32, made, for example, of biocompatible elastomeric material. In various embodiments, the closing element 32 has a peripheral wall 32a, in particular cylindrical, which starts from a flange part 32b. The peripheral wall 32a is preferably inserted elastically through the rear end of the body 31 until the flange part 32b bears upon the aforesaid end, and consequently with minimum encumbrance towards the outside of the module 30. Integral with the aforesaid peripheral wall 36a is a bottom wall 32c, substantially in the form of a membrane, which preferably carries at its centre a formation 32d facing the actuation element 36b of the switch 36. In this way, the switch 36 is located in a protected and isolated position, without parts projecting towards the outside of the body 31. By exerting a pressure on the membrane wall 32c of the element 32 it is possible to cause switching of the switch 36, through the formation 36d, which in this way presses the actuation element 36b.

The “protected” position, i.e., where the switch 36 is recessed, is particularly advantageous in order not to hinder sliding of the device 1 in the course of its introduction into the body of a patient and prevent undesired switching of the switch itself during this step.

Once again in Figure 6 it may be noted how, in various embodiments, the front part 3 la of the body 31 defines a seat for an element 51 for withholding the cable 50, this element being, for example, shaped substantially like a bushing, which also performs sealing functions. The bushing 51 may, for example, be made of a biocompatible resin injected directly into the corresponding seat. Once again in Figure 6, designated by 50a and 50b are two electrical conductor of the cable 50, connected to the circuit 35.

Represented in Figure 8 are the main components of a module 30 according to possible embodiments of the invention, in an exploded configuration. In various embodiments, provided within the body 31 is a mounting casing, which encloses at least partially one or more from among the battery 34, the circuit 35, and the switch 36. In the case of Figure 8, the mounting casing comprises two shells that can be housed within the body 31. The two shells, designated by 38 and 39, preferentially have a substantially semi-cylindrical cross section and can be coupled together, with the battery 34, the circuit 35, and the switch 36 set in between. In various embodiments, the two shells 38 and 39 are shaped for defining at least respective parts of housings 39a and 39b for the battery 34 and the circuit 35, respectively, for example by way of walls 39c. In various embodiments, the shells 38 and 39 define respective parts of a seat 39d (see also Figure 7), which is shaped so as to receive a corresponding part of the body 36a of the switch 36, in order to ensure that it is held in position. Preferentially, the shells 38 and 39 are also provided with mutual mechanical-coupling elements, which in the example include pin formations in relief 38e and 39e on each shell, which may be coupled to respective cavities or seats 38f and 39f present on the other shell.

As may be appreciated, the battery 34, the circuit 35, and the switch 36 may be positioned within a first shell, for example the shell 38, with the conductors 50a and 50b of the cable 50 already connected to the support of the circuit 35. Next, the second shell, for example the shell 39, is coupled on the first shell and the ensemble thus formed is inserted into the body 31 through its rear end, by pulling the cable 50 through the corresponding opening present in the front portion 3 la of the body 31. When the aforesaid ensemble has been pushed right home into the body 31, the closing element 32 can be applied, and the material that forms the withholding and/or sealing element 51 can be injected. The other end of the conductors 50a, 50b is, instead, connected to the contacts l9a and l9b of the female connector 17 of Figure 5.

Illustrated in Figure 9 are visible the mechanical and electrical parts of an articulated joint that can be used in various embodiments of the invention, in a separated condition.

It may be noted in particular that the articulated-joint member 24, in the case exemplified, houses within it the female connector 17, with the two shaped contacts l9a and l9b, of a different length, connected to the conductors l5a and l5b of Figure 3. From Figure 9 it may likewise be noted how the front part l8a, of smaller diameter, of the connector body 18 is inserted in a corresponding part of restricted diameter of the axial cavity of the member 24 and so as to be set directly facing the outside of this member 24. Possibly, within the connector body 18, a cylindrical bushing l8b made of electrically insulating material may be provided in order to prevent the contacts l9a and l9b from possibly accidentally touching the connector body 18, in particular when the latter is made of electrically conductive material and functions itself as electrical contact.

On the other side, the male connector 21 is housed within the articulated- joint member 26, with the conductors 50a and 50b of the cable 50 connected to the corresponding terminals 23a’ and 23b’. The connector body 22 may, for example, be driven with mechanical interference fit into the articulated-joint member 26, and possibly glued in position. Preferentially, provided at the rear end of the articulated-joint member 26 is a closing and sealing element 52, which surrounds the cable 50, for example made of a resin or a biocompatible elastomeric material.

In Figure 10 the articulated joint J is represented with its mechanical and electrical parts in the coupled condition, i.e., with the articulated-joint member 26 that is fitted on the corresponding portion 24c of the articulated-joint member 24, and with the male and female connectors 17 and 21 coupled together.

In this condition, the shaped electrical contacts l9a and l9b are locally kept elastically in contact with the radial surfaces of the respective electrically conductive parts 23 a and 23b of the plug 23 so as to guarantee electrical continuity between the conductors l5a and l5b, on one side, and the conductors 50a and 50b, on the other side. At the same time, the mechanical-coupling elements represented by the reliefs 26b defined by the flexible sectors 26a of the member 26 are engaged in the corresponding coupling element of the member 24, represented by the annular seat 24e. From Figure 10 it may clearly be noted how, in the coupled condition, the sealing element 25, for example of an O-ring type, operates between the outside of the member 24 and the inside of the member 26 in a position of the latter that is located behind the flexible sectors 26a, i.e., in an area of the peripheral wall of the member 26 without interruptions (as has been said, the sectors with flexible tabs 26a are separated from one another by means of axial slits provided in the peripheral wall itself). In this way, the sealing element 25 prevents any possible infiltration of fluids into the articulated joint J, together with the action exerted by the closing element 52 in the area of the cable 50.

As may be appreciated, the type of mechanical coupling between the members 24 and 26 (obtained by the coupling between the reliefs 26b of the member 26 and the annular seat 24e of the member 24), together with the type of electrical coupling provided by the female and male connectors 17 and 21, in any case makes it possible to impart upon the lighting module 10 (i.e., upon its body 31, upon the member 24, and upon the connector 17), angular or rotational movements about the axis Xi represented in Figures 1 and 2, with respect to the module 30 (i.e., its body 31, the connector 21, the member 26, and the cable 50). In this way, it is possible to orient in the way deemed most appropriate the light radiation emitted by the LEDs 14 for carrying out the surgical operation.

The concept is exemplified in Figures 11 and 12, the latter figure exemplifying four possible different angular positions of the module 10, denoted by A, B, C, and D, corresponding to which are four different regions L illuminated by the light radiation R and four regions in the shade S.

In practical use, after making the holes necessary for execution of a laparoscopic operation in a human or animal subject (for example, in the abdominal wall), the surgeon can insert into the subject the device 1 with the two modules 10 and 30 connected to one another, through a single one of the above holes, even limitedly to the lighting module 10 and to a part of the cable 50. Given the contained diameter of the device 1, insertion may be carried in the selected hole out using an insertion device or trocar of a classic type, for example of the type with a hole having a diameter of 12 mm. After insertion, the module 10 can be set in the proximity of the operating field, using, for example, a laparoscopic forceps. For this purpose, the presence of the gripping appendage 12 of Figures 1- 2, which enables convenient gripping by the aforesaid forceps, is particularly advantageous. In various embodiments, the aforesaid appendage 12 has a generally flattened shape provided with small ribs or surface reliefs in order to improve gripping with a laparoscopic forceps or the like. The appendage preferentially also includes a hole or seat l2a (see, for example, Figures 3-4), which can be exploited for passage or engagement of a wire used for the subsequent extraction of the module 10 from the body of the subject.

After the module 10 has been set in the area of interest, via the aforesaid forceps it is possible to bring about rotation of the module 10 itself in order to orient the light radiation R in the desired direction, as exemplified precisely in Figure 12, where four possible angular positions are illustrated, orthogonal to one another, of the module 10 about its own longitudinal axis.

In this way, it is possible to increase lighting, either direct light or backlighting, of the operating field, in addition to (or possibly replacing) the light source of the laparoscope itself. It will be appreciated that, notwithstanding its non-invasive dimensions, the module 10 may be equipped - as in the case exemplified - with a plurality of LEDs 14, which guarantees a high effectiveness of lighting. A major advantage of the solution is represented by the fact that, in the course of the surgical operation, the device 1, and especially its lighting module 10, can be left in the position assigned thereto, without the need to withhold it continuously, thereby providing the surgeon with a considerable freedom of action in using another instrument, such as the aforesaid forceps.

On the other hand, in the case of need, via the forceps the surgeon can freely change the position of the module 10, including the angular position with respect to its longitudinal axis Xi, for example to vary the angle of incidence of the radiation R and thus have an improved perception of depth of the operating field.

Given the small cross-sectional dimensions, even when both of the modules 10 and 30 with the cable 50 are inserted into the body of the human or animal subject, they exert a low resistance or friction against the biological tissues; however, even in the presence of a high friction, rotation of the lighting module 10 is facilitated by the presence of the articulated joint.

The presence of the articulated joint J enables free rotation of just the lighting part, i.e., the module 10, without the cable 50 opposing the aforesaid rotation and thus rendering vain an attempt at rotation (in other words, in the absence of the articulated joint, a cable that connects two modules would be subjected to torsion in the course of a rotation exerted upon one of the two modules, and would behave substantially like a spring that tends to restore the original position of the module in question when the rotation imparted via a laparoscopic forceps ceases).

Once the surgical operation is terminated, the device 1 can be extracted from the patient, with modalities that may vary according to the type of use. For instance, in the case where it has been necessary to insert into the body of the subject only the module 10 and a part of the cable 50, or the module 10, the cable 50, and a part of the module 30, it is possible to exert a pull on the remaining part of the module 30 projecting on the outside of the body of the subject, in order to slide out the remaining part of the device 1 in a direction opposite to that of insertion, through the same hole previously used for insertion. In the case of complete insertion of the device 1 into the body of the subject, its extraction may be performed using a laparoscopic forceps and exploiting one of the holes already made in the body wall for carrying out the laparoscopic operation. As mentioned previously, the presence of a cable 50 that extends between the two modules 10 and 30 does not constitute an essential characteristic of the invention, it being possible for the two modules to be connected directly together by means of an articulated joint according to the invention. Embodiments of this type are illustrated schematically with reference to Figures 13-18, where the same reference numbers as those of the previous figures are used to designate elements that are technically equivalent to the ones already described above.

Figures 13-18 are likewise useful to illustrate embodiments in which the lighting module 30 also includes a respective control circuit, for example the circuit 35, which is thus no longer present in the power-supply module 30. Focation of the circuit 35 in the lighting module 10, even in the presence of the cable 50, enables, if need be, replacement of the module 30 in the case where the battery 34 were to run down, without having to replace the entire device 1.

With initial reference to Figures 13 and 14, in the case exemplified the articulated-joint member 24 is associated to the body 11 of the module 10, whereas the other articulated-joint member, here designated by 26’, is directly defined by a front end portion of the body 31 of the module 30.

A possible structure of the lighting module is visible in exploded view in Figure 15, where it may be noted how elements are provided that are functionally similar to the ones already described with reference to Figure 5, with the further addition of the circuit 15, which is positioned between the support 15 for the FEDs 14 and the positioning member 16, here having a slightly more elongated shape as compared with what has been illustrated previously. Also the member 24 has a shape slightly different from that of the previous figures, with the flange 24a of the previous figures that is replaced by an intermediate portion 24a’ provided with axial ribbings. Also the shape of the annular seat 24e is slightly different, preferably distinguished by a slightly rounded profile, i.e., with a substantially semicircular cross section.

On the other side, visible in Figure 16 is a possible structure of the supply module, with the shells 38 and 39 of the internal mounting casing that in this case are shaped to define the respective parts of a housing 38a for the battery, as well as the respective parts of a seat 38d for the switch 36. As has been said, in embodiments of this type, the articulated -joint member 26’ can be defined directly in the front end region of the body 31, as may be fully appreciated also from Figure 17. As may be noted in Figure 16, also an outer surface stretch - not designated by any reference number - of the front portion of the body 31 may be provided with axial ribbings, or other type of reliefs and/or seats designed to facilitate gripping, which prove useful, together with the portion 24a’ of the member 24, for manually coupling/uncoupling the modules 10 and 30 to/from one another.

In Figures 16-18 it may also be noted how the member 26’ does not necessarily have to include front flexible sectors or tabs, such as the ones previously designated by 26a, and how, consequently, the reliefs 26b of the embodiments referred to previously may be replaced by a single annular relief 26b’, defined on the inner surface of the member 26’, which is to be fitted on the portion 24c of the member 24.

In the example, the relief 26b’ has a substantially rounded profile, like that of the annular seat 24e of the member 24 in order to facilitate in the case of need manual mechanical coupling/uncoupling between the two parts 24 and 26’ of the articulated joint.

It should be noted that, in various embodiments of the type illustrated in Figures 13-18, in particular where the lighting module 10 also includes the circuit 35, and the switch 36 of the power-supply module 30 is a monostable pushbutton switch, the electrical-connector system must preferably include a third pole, in view of the need to send to the control electronics housed in the module 10 (i.e., to the circuit 35) the signal corresponding to the pushbutton 36 carried by the module 30.

For this purpose, in various embodiments, both the connector body 18 of the female connector 17 (which, as has been said, may be made of electrically conductive material) and the sleeve 23c of the plug 23 of the male connector 21 are exploited. As may be noted in particular in Figure 17, connected to the terminal l9c (in electrical contact with the electrically conductive body 18) of the female connector 17 is a conductor 35c for transport of the signal of the switch 36, whereas connected to the contacts l9a and l9b are respective conductors 35a and 35b that are connected to the circuit 35 for supply of the latter. On the other hand, connected to the terminal 23c’ (in electrical contact with the sleeve 23 c of the plug 23) of the male connector 21 is a respective conductor 35c, for connection to the switch 36, whereas connected to the terminals 23a’ and 23b’ (in electrical contact with the tip 23 a and the ring 23b of the plug 23, respectively) are respective conductors 35a and 35b that are connected to the two poles of the battery 34.

In Figure 18, the articulated joint J is represented with its mechanical and electrical parts in the coupled condition, i.e., with the articulated -joint member 26’ fitted on the corresponding portion 24c of the articulated-joint member 24, and with the male and female connectors 17 and 21 coupled together. It may be appreciated how, in the aforesaid coupling condition, the sleeve 23c of the plug 23 contacts the wall defining the axial cavity of the portion l8a of the connector body 18, for this purpose appropriately shaped, thereby guaranteeing an electrical conduction suitable for transport of the signal relating to the pushbutton switch 36. For this purpose, the diameter of the sleeve 23c and of the aforesaid cavity may be defined so that their mutual coupling and/or electrical contact is obtained with at least a slight interference, or else be shaped at least in part so as to provide a mutual electrical contact of an elastic type.

As may be appreciated, the possibility of rotation between the two modules 10 and 30 is similar to the one described previously. Also use of the device is substantially according to the modalities already described previously, inserting completely or partially the device 1 into the body of the patient, in particular through a single hole and using a trocar, and orienting as desired the direction of emission of the light radiation, as exemplified in Figure 12.

In the embodiments exemplified previously, the articulated joint J is configured for enabling complete angular movements, i.e., through 360°, between the two articulated-joint members. In various embodiments, however, the articulated joint, and in particular its mechanical articulated-joint members, may be configured for limiting the angular extent of the movements of rotation allowed for the members themselves, and hence between the first body 11 and the second body 31. This characteristic may prove useful in certain cases, for example for improving connection and/or in order to enable a better directionality of the light beam, illuminating precisely the part of the operating field of specific interest.

Embodiments of this type are exemplified with reference to Figures 19-23. The general structure of the modules 10 and 30 represented in the aforesaid figures is substantially similar to the one described with reference to Figures 1-10, with a slightly modified shape of the means for mechanical coupling between the articulated-joint members 24 and 26.

As may be noted, in particular, in Figures 21-22 and 23, in this case the member 24 has, in its portion 24c, two reliefs or teeth 24e’ - just one of which is visible - preferably in diametrically opposite positions.

On the other side, the member 26 has, in the front region of its peripheral wall 26c, two opposite seats or cuts or slits 26b’ that, given the substantially cylindrical shape of the aforesaid wall 26c, develop substantially in the form of an arc. It should be noted that the aforesaid cuts or slits or seats 26b’ could also be replaced by recesses defined on the inner surface of the peripheral wall 26c, in which case the reliefs 24e’ will have a smaller height than in the case represented; of course, it is also possible to envisage just one relief 24e\ or else more than two reliefs 24e’, with a corresponding number of corresponding seats or cuts or slits 26b’, with corresponding angular extension provided for the purpose.

In the condition where the two articulated-joint members 24 and 26 are coupled together, as represented for example in Figures 19 and 20, the reliefs 24e’ are each engaged in a corresponding slit 26b’. It will hence be understood that the movements of rotation allowed between the members 24 and 26 will be limited by the contact of each relief 24e’ on the end of the respective slit or seat 26b’, which function as mechanical end-of-travel. In solutions of this type, the member 24 may be without the seat 24e, and the member 26 may be without the front sectors or tabs 26a and the corresponding reliefs 26b, as in embodiments described previously.

In the example represented in Figures 19-23, the angular movements allowed between the two articulated-joint members 24 and 26 are close to 180°, for example approximately 170°. However, it will be appreciated that, by varying the number and/or the width of the reliefs 24e’, and/or the number and/or angular extension or length of the slits or seats 26b’, it is possible to set beforehand different extents of the angular movements allowed.

In the embodiments exemplified previously, where the use of the flexible cable 50 is envisaged, the articulated joint J is set substantially at the lighting module 10, in particular the rear end of its body 11. However, in other embodiments, this connection may be located in a position corresponding to the power-supply module 30, in particular the front end of its body 31. Embodiments of this type are exemplified in Figures 24-27.

The general structure of the various components used is substantially technically equivalent to the one already described previously, for example in relation to the articulated-joint members; the reader is hence referred to what has been described previously.

In this case, however, the rear end of the body 11 of the module 10 is preferably provided with a closing element designated by l ld in Figures 24 and 25, for example made of a biocompatible polymeric material. This closing element l ld (which may have a shape substantially similar to the portion 3 la of the body 30 of Figure 6) may, for example, be soldered at the rear end of the body 11 (even though a gluing or snap-action engagement thereof is not excluded, preferably in combination with suitable sealing means) and may define a seat for a respective element 51 for withholding the cable 50, for example of the type already described.

Figures 24-27 are useful to exemplify also embodiments in which the “female” articulated-joint member, here designated by 24’, can be defined integrally by the body 31 of the module 30, in which case the annular flange 24a of the previous embodiments may be omitted, as may be seen in Figure 26. On the other hand, also the cases where the articulated joint J is located at the module 30, in principle the use of a member 24 configured as a distinct part fitted partially at the front end of the body 31 is not excluded.

As may be appreciated from Figures 26 and 27, the modalities of coupling of the articulated joint are similar to the ones described previously; i.e., coupling can be obtained with a relative axial movement between the two articulated-joint members 24’ and 26, which determines mechanical and electrical coupling, and with subsequent possibility of free rotation of one member with respect to the other.

Figures 28-30 illustrate a similar case of articulated joint J located at the power-supply module 30, in particular the front end of its body 31, but with the two articulated-joint members configured for enabling relative angular movements of less than 360°. As may be appreciated, in particular in Figure 30, the articulated-joint member 24’ in this case comprises reliefs 24e’ and the member 26 comprises slits 26b’, these reliefs and slits being functionally similar to the ones described with reference to Figures 19-23.

With reference to embodiments of the type exemplified in Figures 24-27 and 28-30, the reliefs 26b and/or the seat 24e (Figures 24-27) and the reliefs 24e’ and/or the slits 26b’ (Figures 28-30) may be shaped for enabling separation, in the case of need, of the two modules 10 and 30. This characteristic may prove useful when it is desired to facilitate replacement of the power- supply module 30 when the battery 24 has run down or is practically run down, for example on account of a protraction of the surgical operation. For these cases, it is preferable for the cable 50 to be sufficiently long (for example, between 200 and 400 mm) for enabling introduction into the body of the patient undergoing surgical operation of just the lighting module 10, with the module 30 and the joint J that hence remain outside, it being in any case possible to replace the power-supply module 30 even when the device is completely inserted thereby, by momentarily extracting only that part of the device 1.

Likewise, for these cases, it is preferable for the circuit 35 to be housed in the lighting module 10.

As mentioned previously, in various embodiments, the electronic control circuitry of the device according to the invention is configured for enabling switching-on and switching-off of the device itself via consecutive activation of a control means, preferably represented by a pushbutton switch 36 of a monostable type or an electrical pushbutton of a normally open type.

In various embodiments, the control electronics is provided for guaranteeing operation of the device even when the voltage supplied by its autonomous supply source, such as the battery 34, decreases following upon switching-on. For instance, assuming that the rated voltage supplied by the single battery is 1.5 V, the electronics must guarantee operation of the device even when the voltage drops below 1.0 V following upon switching-on.

In various embodiments, the control electronics is configured for determining a minimum consumption, preferably zero, when the device is off, in order to prevent a decay in performance, for example when the device is used after a long storage period.

Figure 31 illustrates a possible principle functional diagram, provided for meeting the preferential need referred to above, which includes at least the following blocks:

- a monostable pushbutton switch 36, used for imparting the on/off command (in what follows referred to for simplicity also as“pushbutton”);

- a bistable electronic circuit, such as a flip-flop of a set/reset type, designated by F-F set/reset, used for storing the state (on or off) imparted via the pushbutton 36;

- a first switch SI, preferably of an electronic type (for example, a MOSFET), driven by the aforesaid bistable circuit or F-F set/reset to keep the circuit active upon release of the pushbutton 36;

- a delay circuit or timer, for example an analog circuit of an RC type or an integrated circuit, designated by S-0 Del, and a second switch S2, preferably of an electronic type (for example, a MOSFET), which provide a circuit for driving the light source, here represented by the LEDs 14.

Preferably, the delay circuit enables the light to be switched on some milliseconds after activation of the circuit in such a way that all the voltages have reached a steady-state condition.

Is should be considered that at least some of the aforesaid circuits or functions could be comprised or combined in a single or different electronic component, such as a microcontroller integrated circuit or an ASIC (Application- Specific Integrated Circuit ) or a DSP (Digital-Signal Processor).

In various preferential embodiments, the circuit may moreover comprise a voltage booster or step-up converter, designated by S-U Conv, used for boosting the battery voltage Vbat (which may, for example, vary during operation between 0.8 V and 1.6 V), to a constant value Val (for example, of approximately 3.3 V). Use of such a converter is, for example, to be recommended in the case of use of low-voltage batteries, typically with a rated voltage of 1.5 V.

In the example of the diagram of Figure 31, the pushbutton 36 and the electronic switch Sl are connected to the positive pole of the battery 34.

Initially, the device is off: the switch Sl and the pushbutton 36 are open, and consequently the battery 34 does not supply power. By pressing the pushbutton 36, power is supplied - via the diode D - to the converter S-U Conv, which boosts the voltage Vbat supplied by the battery 34 to a level Val useful for supply of the logic or control circuit, such as the flip-flop F-F set/reset. This circuit or flip-flop receives, simultaneously with the supply Val, the rising edge of the voltage on its input S (Set): consequently its output Q is activated or supplied, and therewith the electronic switch Sl, which closes. In this way, the voltage Vbat of the battery 34 is connected directly to the input of the converter S-U Conv, thus determining a self-supply, and consequently the pushbutton 36 can then be released, without the circuit being switched off again, i.e., with the circuit that remains supplied. The output Q of the circuit or flip-flop F-F set/reset also enables the electronic switch S2 for switching on the LEDs 14, which are also supplied via the converter S-U Conv. Preferably, this enablement is slightly delayed, via the delay circuit S-0 Del, in such a way that closing of the electronic switch S2 will be delayed with respect to closing of the electronic switch Sl: in this way, it is guaranteed that the LEDs 14, given that they require a high current, are activated when the entire circuit is a steady-state condition, and that the current required from the battery 34 flows through the electronic switch S 1 and not from the pushbutton 36 and from the diode D, which would cause a further drop in the already low battery voltage. However, possible operation also in the absence of the aforesaid delay circuit is not excluded.

The diode D also has the purpose of switching off the circuit: when everything is supplied via the switch Sl and the pushbutton 36 is released, the diode D is reversely polarized and the input R (Reset) of the flip-flop F-F set/reset is inactive. By pressing the pushbutton 36, a positive edge is generated that activates reset (input R): in this condition, the flip-flop F-F set/reset commutates, sending the output Q to zero. This causes immediate deactivation of the electronic switches Sl and S2 and hence also switching-off of the FEDs 14. The converter S-U Conv remains, instead, still on in so far as it is supplied via the pushbutton 36: when also the latter is released, the entire system returns to the complete off condition. A subsequent activation of the pushbutton 36 thus leads to start of a new on-off cycle.

In the case where the electronic switches Sl and S2 of Figure 31 are MOSFETs, they require, for switching the currents involved in the circuit, a voltage of at least 3 V. This requisite may prove problematical for driving the switch Sl, the source of which is set at the battery voltage (which, as has been said, varies roughly between 1.6 V and 0.8 V during operation). Consequently, it would become necessary to apply on the control signal (the gate) a voltage of at least 4.6 V, which is not available in the circuit.

In order to provide a remedy to this technical problem, in Figure 32, which exemplifies an electronic circuit according to the invention, the pushbutton 36 and the electronic switch Sl are shifted onto the negative pole of the battery 34, in order to obtain a more effective driving of the switch Sl, as described hereinafter.

The switch Sl is connected to the negative pole of the battery 34, where the source potential is 0 V: it consequently becomes sufficient to drive the gate with a voltage of 3 V, i.e., the voltage Val generated or boosted by the converter S-U Conv and supplied directly on the output Q of the bistable circuit or flip-flop F-F set/reset, which is supplied by the same voltage Val.

In this case, the positive input of the converter or booster S-U Conv is stably connected to the battery 34, whereas the ground H of the entire circuit is isolated (when the pushbutton 36 and the switch Sl are open). By pressing the pushbutton 36 there is set up, through the diode D, the path of return of the current from the ground H of the circuit to the negative pole of the battery 34, and the converter S-U Conv is activated, this supplying all the rest of the circuit, as already seen in relation to Figure 31: upon release of the pushbutton 36, everything then remains supplied via the switch S 1.

During switching-on, the isolator block designated by INS (for example, a transistor) sends the signal Q of the flip-flop F-F set/reset directly as control signal of the switch SI, and is hence“transparent” from the functional standpoint, because its purpose is only to increase the impedance between the flip-flop F-F set/reset and the switch SI. In this way, with the circuit off, insulation of the circuit in regard to the albeit weak leakage currents of the components is increased; these leakage currents (in particular, arriving from the positive pole of the battery 34 via the converter S-U Conv and/or the flip-flop F-F set/reset) could otherwise reclose through the driving circuit of the switch SI, causing early discharge of the battery 34 during long storage periods.

For the purposes of the invention, in the aforesaid example of electronic circuit of Figure 32 certain parts could possibly be omitted or replaced by other electronic parts or components, however maintaining at least one of the first switch (36) and the second switch (SI) prearranged for interrupting the electrical ground connection or connection relating to the negative pole of the battery (34).

In Figures 30 and 31, the block designated by 17, 21 exemplifies the electrical-connector system 17, 21 described previously.

The diagrams of Figures 33 and 34 are similar to those of Figures 30 and 31, but can be used in devices according to the invention where the module 10 integrates, in addition to the light source 14, also a control circuit, in particular the circuit 35, such as the embodiments exemplified with reference to Figures 13-18. As already mentioned, solutions of this type enable, if need be, replacement of the module 30, in the case where the battery 34 were to run down, without having to replace the entire device. The figures highlight the position of the electrical- connector system 17, 21, which, in this case, is a tripolar connector (as exemplified previously in Figures 13-18), in view of the need for a conductor to carry the signal relating to the pushbutton 36, present on the module 30, to the control electronics, housed in the module 10. It should be emphasised that the devices of an ingestable type mentioned in the introductory part of the present description do not present particular critical features in relation to the duration of the lighting supplied, in view of the fact that these devices may have dimensions of cross section larger than the holes obtained in the patient and than the implements typically used for laparoscopic or thoracoscopic operations, and hence can house batteries sufficiently large as to guarantee a prolonged lighting. Moreover, in these ingestable devices, also a possible interruption of the lighting following upon running-down of the battery is not a source of particular critical features in so far as - at most - the negative effect is limited to the fact that a corresponding sensing means incorporated in the ingestable device will no longer be able to operate (for example, a corresponding incorporated camera will no longer be able to film a stretch of intestine). On the other hand, a lighting device provided for use in the course of invasive surgical operations of the type referred to must supply light throughout the duration of the operation, which is typically variable. In the case of prolonged operations it is hence possible to determine the state of discharge of the battery and the consequent need for replacement of the device even a number of times during the same operation (the battery of such a lighting device must in fact be of small dimensions, compatible with the small dimensions of the device that is to be inserted through a small hole made in the abdominal or thoracic wall). The device according to the invention, in addition to enabling a surgeon to direct in an optimal way the light where effectively required, also enables the drawbacks just mentioned above to be overcome, in view of the possibility of easy and fast replacement of just the supply module, also with considerable savings of cost.

The modules of the lighting device according to the invention are preferentially of a disposable type, even though at least the module 30 could be of a type that can be reused, in particular when the possibility of separation between the two modules is envisaged. The battery 34 is preferably of a rechargeable type and the cable 50, when provided, is sufficiently long as to enable the module 30 to remain on the outside of the body of the patient. The material used for providing outer parts of the modules 10 and 30 and of the cable 50 could be of a washable and sterilisable type, for example made of ethylene oxide (ETO).

From the foregoing description, the characteristics of the present invention emerge clearly, as likewise do its advantages. It is clear that numerous variations may be made by the person skilled in the art to the device described by way of example, without thereby departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the ensuing claims. Individual characteristics pointed out with reference to the embodiments described previously may be combined together in other embodiments.

It should be emphasised that, according to a further inventive aspect, the examples of circuit diagrams represented in Figures 32 and 34 may be generalised and applied also to electronic devices different from the surgical lighting devices exemplified previously, and in particular to any electronic device that comprises at least one first circuit arrangement that includes a battery for supplying a second circuit arrangement that includes a circuit or a load that is electrically supplied (not necessarily a light source), and that likewise comprises a first ON/OFF switch of a monostable type, such as a momentary pushbutton switch.

As for the examples of Figure 31 or Figure 34, in such an electronic device one of the first circuit arrangement and the second circuit arrangement is configured for enabling switching-on and switching-off of the device itself, in particular for the purposes of supply of the aforesaid electrically supplied circuit or load, by means of consecutive switchings of the first switch, aimed at causing driving of a corresponding second switch, preferably of an electronic type, in particular via an electronic circuit of a bistable type or designed to store a state imparted via the first switch. According to the aspect in itself autonomously inventive of the circuit examples of Figure 32 or Figure 34, at least one of the first switch and the second switch is prearranged for interrupting the electrical ground connection or connection relating to the negative pole of the battery, in order to obtain the same advantages referred to above.