TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention refers to a shirt or t-shirt which integrates a portion of a laminated structure around the axillary areas which generally comes into contact with a person's skin and its associated sweat. Sweating is a physiological mechanism that serves to cool the human body, and a tissue that traps heat, that is, which does not let it escape to the outside, will continue to sweat and therefore not to cool. Therefore, the type of fabric is important for perspiration. A particular situation is represented by the sweating of the armpits, an important problem for millions of people. For some people it is a problem they face day in and day out. The people always sweats for various reasons, for example, when they are under psycho-physical pressure or when they face a job interview. There are also many other individuals who sweat primarily only under stressful circumstances or during normal working hours or meetings. Regardless of the situation, always having your armpits wet represents a very uncomfortable feeling, in particular it can be embarrassing and disconcerting both in everyday work and in personal life especially in the presence of other people. Sweat stains also ruin clothing and leaves halos.

STATE OF THE ART W02004089614A2 concerning a laminate that includes several layers, of which one layer of fabric permeable to water vapor and another layer permeable to water vapor and resistant to the permeation of liquid water, i having one or more sanitary agents between the layers. With respect to this technology, the present invention solves the problem of the thickness of the laminate, minimizing the width of the structure applied to the garment and at the same time maintaining the breathability properties. US2014030468 concerning a structure which provides adaptive thermal insulation, composed of a laminate having at least two layers and at least a cavity between the first layer and the second layer. Each of these cavities being enclosed by a semipermeable casing and a gas generating agent, in response to the increase in the temperature in the cavity, the pressure of the gas increases inside said cavity, and consequently the

i distance between the first and second layer increases. In paragraph 70 of the description, the invention US2014030468 reveals that the gas generating agent can be in the form of a gel, citing hydrogels as an example. It is evident that the inventors refer to the material commonly known as aerogel, or that material mainly composed of a gaseous substance in the form of gel widely known at the state of the art for the fact that it has unique physical properties for the incredible insulation from the heat. With respect to this technology, the present invention solves the problem of transpiration and axillary sweat stains caused by condensation, using hydrogels (and not aerogels) or a structure composed of a dense network of hydrophilic three-dimensional polymers widely known in the state of art for its important characteristic of absorbing high water contents. Furthermore, the solution according to the present invention does not deal with the problem of thermal insulation such as US2014030468 in order to keep two surfaces at different temperatures at a distance from each other or to isolate the heat flow of heat exchanged between two rooms at different temperatures but rather to prevent the heat flow generated by the person from being blocked in the axillary area, solving the problem of breathability and eliminating the axillary condensation spots that may form on the shirt fabric.

Furthermore, at the state of the art there are various remedies to improve, for example, the sweat stains around the axillary area, or the "Tillflai" axillary shields, also called axillary swabs, which are very discreet devices that are applied on clothes by positioning them in the axillary area, they are disposable, absorbent and inexpensive, especially when compared to the cost of replacing a shirt or blouse that has been ruined due to sweat stains. The swabs are easily applied with self-adhesive strips to shirts, blouses, dresses, and overalls. Flowever, they have the drawback that, during the day, the pads often move from the initial axillary position with respect to where they were applied, due to the non-permanent and long-lasting adhesive fixing caused by the absorbed condensate and not completely retained by the membrane, the which in contact with glutinous substances whether they are of animal or vegetable origin (in other words glue) present on the adhesive, generates a dispersion of the same and consequently a detachment from the garments where they were applied. Furthermore, this solution causes the consumer to have a constant perception of wetness and consequently an unpleasant sensation because, the pad applied on the garment and in direct contact with the human body around the axillary area, has the disadvantage of still releasing the condensate absorbed due to the fact that the same is not capable of retaining liquids but merely buffering. Furthermore, these tampons have the disadvantage of being replaced in each application and often even several times during the same day, as they become saturated with condensation and lose their effectiveness by maintaining and amplifying all the aforementioned defects.

Another solution is represented by Purax Pure Pads, devices that are applied directly on the human body, in particular on the armpit, with the task of absorbing liquids. Besides presenting the same disadvantages described previously with the "Tillflai" solution, this technology also introduces the unpleasant drawback that must be applied directly to the person's body. Furthermore, it should be noted that the effect of sweating on the fabrics of clothing items such as shirts generates a series of very important aesthetic defects that aim, not only to diminish the quality of the garment worn but also and above all to cause damage to the image and communication with consequent psychological discomforts in the human person with immediate repercussions in the interpersonal interactions and work performance of each individual. In particular, considering for example a shirt in an axillary sweating situation, which due to the condensation that has formed, takes on from the aesthetic point of view two different colors with respect to the remaining parts that compose it. The current state-of-the-art solutions are not capable of solving these problems.

The object of the present invention is to provide a new shirt or t-shirt having an integrated sweat-proof laminated structure, which improves the breathability process, completely eliminates sweat stains and also definitively removes the unpleasant wet sensation perceived by the individual, which in addition to the aesthetic aspect, also generates psycho-physical advantages and benefits.

DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to a common shirt or shirt of fabric/material having a portion of a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, wherein said structure is composed of at least a first layer of material composed of hydrophilic polymers three-dimensional cross-linked shapes capable of absorbing the condensation formed (three-dimensional cross-linked hydrophilic polymers are commonly known as hydrogels).

The hydrogels can be either homopolymers, i.e. cross-linked obtained from a single type of hydrophilic monometric unit, or from copolymers, hydrogels obtained by cross-linking two monometric units such that one of which must have hydrophilic properties. Furthermore, the hydrogels used in said structure can be both natural and synthetic suitable for absorbing water. Examples of natural hydrogels are jellies or agar, but also materials such as alginates or pectin or carboxycellulose, while examples of artificial hydrogels are pNIPAAM (poly-N-isopropylacrylamide), PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) or PVP ( polyvinylpyrrolidone).

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of natural hydrogel composed of homopolymers.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of natural hydrogel composed of copolymers.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of synthetic hydrogel composed of cross-linking having monometric units of hydrophilic type or from cross- linking having two monometric units such that one has hydrophilic properties.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first biocompatible hydrogel layer based on collagen such as hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate. In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of biocompatible hydrogel based on amidated carboxymethylcellulose (CMCA) or a three-dimensional polysaccharide matrix, with chemical-physical characteristics that can be modulated and able to absorb a large quantity of water.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of biodegrable hydrogel.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of hydrogel with chemical-physical properties variables in response to predetermined values such as pH and sweat.

The properties of the hydrogel include swelling, i.e. the ability to absorb water and hydration or the ability to disperse water in the presence of air.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of hydrogel based on the poly-2 -hydroxymethylmethacrylate (PHEMA).

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of silicone hydrogel in combination with the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first hydrogel layer based on inorganic nanoparticles of silica or polydimethylsiloxane (PMDS).

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first hydrogel layer containing sanitary agents for the release of substances, such as fragrance, and/or microorganisms or enzymes to counter the growth of bacteria responsible for bad smells.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of hydrogels composites with specific stimulus, such as for example photoactive hydrogels, conductive or simply with better mechanical properties.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of conductive hydrogels based on sodium alginate and graphite.

Sodium alginate is an anionic polyelectrolyte that easily forms hydrogels through Ca2 +; by homogeneously dispersing a graphite micro-powder in the reagent mixture and following the interaction between the alginate and the calcium ions, the composite hydrogel is obtained, the swelling of which strongly depends on the graphite content.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of hydrogel based on polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) loaded with nanoparticles of a synthetic clay (laponite).

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of hydrogel nanocomposite (NC-G, nanocomposite gel) based on copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and N- vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) in the water-glycerol bi-solvent solutions containing small amounts of alumina nanoparticles (Al ₂ 0 ₃ NPs) as the inorganic cross-linking agents. In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of hydrogel composite tetra-armed polyethylene glycol (PEG).

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of double crosslinked composite hydrogel composed of tannin acid (TA) cross-linked poly vinyl alcohol and chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of composite hydrogel nanoparticles of titania (TiO ₂ ) and alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) nanoparticles as inorganic cross- linking agents.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the laminate structure is integrated into the garment such that said garment is composed of a natural and ecological fabric / material, such as for example WineLeather, bionic yarn (recycled plastic) , orange fabric, fabric made from soy and fabric made from corn.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the shirt or t-shirt of fabric/material is characterized by a laminate structure, integrated in said garment and arranged around the axillary areas, having at least a first layer of hydrogel distributed over the entire surface discontinuously in the form of a wave on the inner layer of said item of clothing near the axillary area, having said structure at least one cavity between said applied layer and the inner layer of the garment around the axillary area, where in the cavity three-dimensional cross-linked hydrophilic polymers are present to absorb the condensation formed.

The hydrogel element of the present invention relates to three-dimensional systems consisting of a polymer (dispersed phase) which incorporates the dispersing phase, in this case water due to the condensation formed, even in large quantities, in fact the water remains trapped in the three-dimensional structure of the polymer.

This cross-linked polymer is made up of polymer chains that interact with each other through covalent or non- covalent bonds (e.g. hydrogen bonds). So the type of bond completely changes the characteristics of the hydrogel. For example, hydrogels formed from polymer chains with covalent bonds, or cross-linked polymers, are made up of hydrophilic monomers which are capable of incorporating large quantities of water by swelling because the water interacts with the monomers, but the system does not dissolve. The degree of cross-linking, i.e. the bonds that join two chains together, influences the solubility of the polymer, the degree of swelling of the polymer, the size of the polymer links and therefore the porosity of the polymer, the mechanical properties. The swelling capacity depends on: a) from the nature of the monomers, the more hydrophilic and charged, the greater the swelling because they interact better with the water; b) degree of crosslinking; the more crosslinked it is, the lower the degree of swelling. The swelling capacity can also be 90-95%. The size of the mesh is proportional to the porosity of the polymer.

In another embodiment, the present invention can be composed of several hydrophobic or hydrophilic layers coupled together, for example three layers, integrated for example in the shirt, wherein a first layer of fabric is composed, for example, of cotton and nylon, a second layer for example is composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material placed on said first layer, a third layer of fabric is composed, for example, of cotton and nylon placed on said second layer, having one or more cavities included between the first layer and the second layer and / or between the second layer and the third layer of the laminate structure and / or between said laminate structure and the inner layer of the shirt near the axillary area. For each cavity there are three-dimensional cross-linked hydrophilic polymers suitable to absorb the condensation formed between the layers. In another embodiment of the present invention it is possible to add between the layers and / or together with the cross-linked hydrophilic polymers of three-dimensional shape (hydrogel) also one or more sanitary agents and / or fragance and / or deodorants in order to avoid bad odors that could be created due to the proliferation of bacteria favored by the microclimate that is created between the layers of the laminate structure and / or between the laminate structure and the inner layer of the garment near the axillary area. In general, the laminate structure inside the garment can be composed of several layers of hydrophobic material and / or fabric coupled together, in which at least one layer is distributed over the entire surface in a wave-like discontinuous manner, in wherein there may be one or more gaps included between said layers and / or between said layers and the inner layer of the garment near the axillary area.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the said laminate structure integrated in the garment can be composed of several layers of hydrophilic or hydrophobic material and/or fabric, wherein a first layer is composed of hydrogels, for example nanocomposite of the NC-G type and a second layer of cotton.

Other embodiments may be combined with one or more characteristics of the present invention, which will not lead to property rights other than those of which the present invention promotes.

There may be numerous shirts or sweaters of fabric or other material characterized by the integration of the laminated structure. The combination of the characterizing and distinctive elements of the present invention, however, can be combined with solutions in terms of materials, colors, exterior shapes, dimensions, as well as with one or more accessories, such as for example sanitary agents, which will not result in any different property rights those listed in the description and in the claims of which the present invention is promoter.