| FI76401B | 1988-06-30 | |||
| DE3030516A1 | 1982-02-25 | |||
| DE3204590C2 | 1984-12-20 | |||
| GB2053308A | 1981-02-04 | |||
| EP0292449B1 | 1991-07-03 | |||
| US2064910A | 1936-12-22 | |||
| US4394807A | 1983-07-26 | |||
| US4592184A | 1986-06-03 | |||
| US4685264A | 1987-08-11 |
| 1. | A system formed by a connector beam (2, 12) and connector plates (1) , for use in the roofs, ceilings, or floors of buildings, which consists of a connector beam (2) and connector plates (1) and a cast component (9) carried by this, and in which the connector beam (2, 12) is formed by one or more profile plates, characterized in that the connector beam (2, 12) extends close to the upper surface of the cast co ponent (9) and that the upper section (4) of the connector beam (2, 1) is penetrated by several transverse long rods (8) and/or bolts, which extend from the upper edge of the connector beam (2, 12) sideways to such an extent that they create a perfect or nearly perfect adhesion between the connector plate and the connector beam. |
| 2. | A system in accordance with Patent Claim 1, charac¬ terized in that the transverse rods (8) extend for 20 100 cm outwards on both sides of the connector beam (2, 12). |
| 3. | A system in accordance with Patent Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the transverse rods (8) extend for 10 20 cm outwards on both sides of the connector beam, and that on top of the connector beam there is separate surface reinforce ment (15) , which acts as upper surface reinforcement of the continuous beam at the point of support. |
| 4. | A system in accordance with Patent Claims 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that the transverse rose (8) are entirely or partly threaded rods, by means of which the profile section plates and/or other structures of the system are simultaneously joined to one another. |
| 5. | A system in accordance with one of the above Patent Claims 1 4, characterized in that hollow slabs (17) are used as part of the connector plates, their end being opened at the cavities, from which the transverse rods are bent inside and the ends of the cavities are then cast shut. |
The object of the invention is a system comprising a connecto beam and connector plate for use in the roofs ceilings, o floors of buildings, which consists of a connector beam, th connector plates and cast components carried by it, and i which the connector beam is formed of one or more profil plates. In this the term connector plate also includes concrete slab cast on prestressed hollow slabs.
Connector plates and beams and their systems are known fro Finnish Patent Applications 862035, 863396, and from Unite States Patent 2,064,910. In addition the profile form system known from EP- Application Publication 240857 and from Finnis Patent 63465 are broadly concerned with the field of th invention. In FI Application 86035 a system is proposed, i which the form for the connector beam is composed of two thi galvanized steel sheets joined together underneath. Castin takes place on top of the totality formed by the connecto plate and connector beam and thus creates a monolithic structu re. In this the connector beam must be reinforced separately despite the fact that the joint points beneath the connecto beam form an adhesive edge. Reinforcement is required in th beam itself, in its attachment to the connector plate and a the beam as upper surface reinforcement.
Finnish Patent Application 875327 shows a concrete fram system, in which the beam component that is open underneath i cast beforehand and connector plates are supported on flang members formed in its lower section, and in which the totalit formed by the connector plates and frame beam is cast as one, so that the construction has excellent fire protection. In th structures according to Figures 8, 9, and 10 both the adhesio of the interior of the beam and that between the connector bea and connector plates is not complete.
The intention of the invention is to achieve a more effectiv totality formed by a connector beam and connector plates, in
which the structural height in particular could be smaller than previously. The principal characteristics of the invention appear in the accompanying Patent Claims. In the system in accordance with the invention the bars or bolts penetrating the beam bind the bean structure and the slabs so well that the slab components carry the compressive force in the direction of the beam over a great breadth. In this case the neutral axis rises considerably, when the height of the tension side increases proportionately. The invention can also be applied when a bolt structure is used in the system to hold the various components together. If the transverse reinforcement is made sufficiently long it can also act as upper surface reinforce¬ ment. It is, however, most advantageously made separately.
In what follows the invention is illustrated with the aid of the accompanying illustrations, which show various forms of application of the invention.
Figure 1 shows the system in connection with a connec- tor beam that is open on the underside
Figure 2 shows the form of application that is regarded as being best
Figure 3 shows a cross-section of Figure 2
Figure 4 shows the system in connection with hollow slabs
The system consists of connector beam profile 2 and connector plates 1, which are carried on the flange 3 of the beam profile. Connector beam profile 2 is precast and includes cast component 11. At this stage the transverse steel rods 8 are also placed in the connector beam profile 2. These remain inside cast component 9 and act as upper surface reinforcement of the continuous slam at the; support point. The transverse steel rods 8 are placed through the holes 5 made close to the upper surface 4 of the connector beam 2. Here the connector beam includes pre-stressing elements 6, 7, and 10.
In this the transverse steel rods 8 have operational functions. In addition to their acting as upper surface reinforcement for the continuous slab at the point of support they connect the slab to the connector beam, and thirdly they act as adhesion for the internal cast mass 11 of the connector beam to the connector beam profile 2.
On the basis of practical experiments the invention is best applied in accordance with Figure 2. Here the connector beam is profiles as a right-angled hat profile, the lower section of which includes flange components on top of which it is possible to place the connector plate profiles. A beam with an overall height of 280 mm is penetrated by steel rods 420 mm long and of 16 mm diameter. The beam profile 12 is precast and the trans- verse steel rods bind the concrete firmly to the profile. The ready connector beam is set in place and the connector plates 1 are placed on top of the flanges 15. After this casting takes place as a result of which cast component 9 forms a unified structure on top of the connector plates 1 and the connector beam. It is most advantageous to use steel net as the surface reinforcement 13. This extends to each side of the beam by about a quarter of the span about 0,3 times the breadth of the span of the compression surface can be transferred from the slam to the beam, when the adhesion between the beam and the slab is perfect. Figure 3 shows the distribution in principle between compression and tension in a frame structure in accordance with the invention. The compression surface area extends strongly to the slam sections, in which case the connector beam itself on the tension side acts more effective- ly.
In one case the connector plate profiles can be also replaced with hollow slams 17, Figure 4. These are placed in a corres¬ ponding manner on top of the flange 15 of the connector beam, but the cavities at their ends are opened for a distance of 50- 100 cm. Longitudinal rods 18 are pushed in from this opening. These must then be bent downwards, which is not an optimal solution from the point of view of adhesion, but is a compromi-
se demanded by this construction. During casting the ends of the cavities of the hollow slams are filled with concrete, after which they will withstand longitudinal compression.
Special note should be made of the fact that the connector beam profiles can also be assembled from two or more parts, in which case the bolts used to assemble them can act as the previously mentioned transverse steel rods, by which means one or more of the aforementioned tasks can be carried out. On the other hand, each transverse rod or bolt can only extend to one side of the beam, but when sequential rods extend to each side in turn reinforcement on both sides is achieved in this respect.