TECHNICAL FIELD

The instant invention relates to a system and method of establishing a secure and comprehensive enterprise management of each of the Central and State/UT Law Enforcement Agencies and Police Forces and organisations adjunct to them, utilising as the foundational platform a high-security IT-based nationwide operational and administrative control system via a single, harmonized application methodology encompassing multiple functions and a comprehensive range of applications, and for operationalising an e-Govemance programme under the ambit of the national home ministry for seamless management of various police departments and law enforcement agencies and establishments & organisations adjunct to or directly under them, and for providing law enforcement agencies a modern system to conduct, oversee and regulate all vital intra-organisational operational matters including performance and welfare of their personnel, data and records management, said invention providing the procedure, know-how, design, methodology, actionable inputs and wherewithal - utilising inter alia custom-designed hardware, middleware and software, supplies and services — to deliver the above results in a harmonious and integrated manner.

BACKGROUND

Historically, law enforcement agencies and police departments have been conducting their operations following traditional methods of organisational control and administrative practice, seeking to maintain the safety and security of their data while simultaneously striving to achieve operational efficiency and economy. However, till date, law enforcement agencies have not implemented a trans- regional, comprehensive, information technology based solution whereby the operational expediency of their functioning is enhanced and the methodology of crime management is futuristic. In practice, various approaches have been adopted by law enforcement agencies from time to time, some of them modelled on conservative practices steeped in history hence often out-dated, others marginally utilising some of the fruits of emerging information technology. In both cases, a comprehensive approach is found lacking, and the ambit of their actions and system reach is restricted strictly to the boundaries of a given State or UT. Present information data bases are not linked to a central database, are generally segmented and manually operated hence serving limited functionality, seriously lacking rapid responses so essential in modern times. This has resulted in a situation which clearly reflects the absence of both (i) a comprehensive as well as a homogenous pan-national operations management and administrative control system for law enforcement agencies and (ii) e-Governance practices — covering all administrative, data management and personnel management functions of various central and regional police organisations and of organisations/ establishments adjunct to or directly within the domain of law enforcement — as well as their smooth interface in various operational matters.

International NGO Journal Volume IV (5) - pages 277 to 280 - May 2009 contains an Article entitled: Enhancement of Police Force through e-Governance in India.

This Article describes in broad and general terms various initiatives of the Government of India in the direction of modernizing the operation of the Indian Police Forces by implementing various e-Governance and Information Technology (IT) based projects. Apart from stating the overall objectives to be achieved by e- Governance, this Article makes passing reference to various e-Governance initiatives pursued by police departments in (some) Indian States. This includes

1. Organised Crime Information System (OCIS) and Crime Criminal Information System (CCIS) developed by National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB).

2. The use of Internet dedicated to the Police Forces operating by means of POLNET providing connectivity between Police Departments in various States and UTs. POLNET is a satellite-based police communication network launched in 2003 that enables data, voice and fax exchanges between police and other law enforcement agencies across the country for implementation in two phases. The first phase involved linking district police headquarters with their respective state police headquarters via Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSAT) while during the second phase, police stations countrywide were to be linked by Multi Access Radio Telephone (MART), a "wireless telephone system". POLNET was designed to give law enforcement personnel throughout India access to the same data on wanted persons and criminals, including photographs and fingerprints, on a highly secure Network. The first phase of implementing POLNET was to be completed by the end of 2004 and the second phase by the end of February 2005. However, as on date, POLNET is used minimally and serves limited functionality, and it does not offer the spectrum of utility / services envisaged / described above.

3. Fingerprint analysis and criminal tracing system developed for the department by an Indian Company in the private sector. The functioning of this system has, however, not been enlarged to cover law enforcement operations in different parts of the country.

4. Establishment of IT training centres in different parts of the country to assist staff of the police departments to receive training in computerized operations. This is in association with Department of Information Technology.

5. Providing police departments with the facility of video conferencing both between key locations within each State/UT as well as between various Police Headquarters and the Home Ministry.

6. All State/UT forces now have their own websites which provide information on the public domain to citizens.

7. Use of Information Technology for payroll management and for routine office administration purposes. 8. Use of portrait building system to prepare sketches of suspects. However, this has not come into actual practice and may be considered to be in a development stage.

Important points to note with regard to the above initiatives/ achievements of police forces in India are enumerated below:-

T. No proprietary knowledge is involved in any of the initiatives stated. 2. Most of the initiatives claimed by said department reflect plans not actually implemented projects / solutions which are seen in practice. 3. All initiatives are purely State/UT centric, and have been taken up in isolation and in an ad hoc manner within each State/UT, having no consideration to pursue such initiatives in a national scenario. 4. None of the initiatives represents a comprehensive approach to managing all facets of the operations of Police Forces. 5. No steps have been taken to integrate all the States/UTs under a common IT platform with seamless data exchange and data flow between given States/UTs. 6. No effort is made to cover the Information Technology and e-

Governance requirement of Central Police Forces in the described initiatives.

7. No reference is made in the claimed initiatives to digitize and index administrative, crime and criminal records of Police Forces throughout a given State / UT.

8. No reference is made in the claimed actions to cover the operations of jails and prisons in the country, or between Police Departments and Prison Departments in a given State, not to mention with the Home Department of such State. 9. No reference is made in the initiatives so far to digitizing and indexing of fingerprints and criminals and under-trials on a nationwide basis. Consequently, majority of the fingerprint records of all State/UT Fingerprint Bureaus are maintained in physical form to this day using paper folders. Similarly, for crime records. 10. No claim is made to provide language translation services in the initiatives made so far, to provide translation of crime and criminal data and even administrative data, where such information is required on inter State basis. 11. No initiative so far has considered utilizing IT for generation and analysis of statistical data covering various facets of functioning of Police Departments, especially for inter State comparisons etc

Clearly, the requirements of effective administration of large law enforcement agencies in modern times point to the need for deploying sophisticated, operations control and management practices and e-Governance systems which also incorporate modern information technology solutions, and draw benefit from technological advancements in the fields of electronics and telecommunications.

The instant invention represents an ideal solution which overcomes the present deficiencies and eminently meets the current and emerging needs of law enforcement agencies, and is a result of deep study and careful development of futuristic concepts and scientific solutions. Accordingly, the instant invention represents a novel, pioneering, high-utility end-to-end packaged solution comprising hardware, middleware, software, supplies and services as well as a full suite of actionable inputs, designed to precisely fulfil the varied needs of modern operations management and administrative control as well as emerging imperatives of progressive police forces to embrace pan-organisation e- Governance practices.

Further, the instant invention is bolstered by a well-synthesized conglomeration of many individually unique and pioneering sub-inventions which collectively constitute a novel, unprecedented, extremely reliable and robust operations management system for law enforcement agencies and police forces, and can cope with their multifarious e-Governance requirements given the fact that the operations of law enforcement agencies are spread over vast geographic territories involving large numbers of law enforcement personnel in diverse roles assuming varying scales. As a result, the instant invention is capable of delivering reliable, long term and efficient support to police authorities seeking to implement foolproof, technologically advanced operations management practices utilising state-of-the-art technology via electronic databases conducive to efficient administrative practices and comprehensive e-Governance solutions.

OBJECTS AND SUMMARY

The instant invention provides police forces and law enforcement agencies a system and method to institute modem, technology-based operations control and administrative procedures and practices, as well as to implement futuristic e- Governance programmes, by inter alia providing novel, proprietary concepts, technical know-how, methodology, actionable inputs, integrated hardware, middleware, software, supplies and services, tailored solutions and the wherewithal to create a robust and reliable platform to law enforcement agencies to implement force- and national-level solutions in their own establishments and in those adjunct to or directly under the police forces.

to create, establish and operate a hitherto unknown and unprecedented force- centralized yet rigidly compartmentalised national-level crime database held by each of the State/UT and (applicable) Central Law Enforcement Agencies, police forces and in certain establishments/ undertakings directly adjunct to or under them — under the umbrella of the National / Federal Crime Record Bureau- and thereby provide government a ready resource of relevant, up-to-date information in uniform, standardised modes of all aspects of national level law administration and of the operations and performance of each agency under its ambit, ensuring the confidentiality and safety of stored data, which collectively represents a novel methodology embodying a high level of practical utility to home ministries and law enforcement authorities ;

to capture, store and retrieve digital images of finger and palm prints of criminals including suspects in standardised format — including digitising and storing existing physical images of finger / palm prints held in the criminal record system of law enforcement agencies - classified by key features, using proprietary IMAGESCAN _® System with online search-and-match capability across various electronic databases in different geo-locations, via strictly authorised user control procedures, application, functionality, tagging and indexing methodology, all being unique and criminal-centric, facilitating rapid online matching of sourced vs stored images in chosen electronic databases, and altogether eliminating identity mismatches/ mix-ups;

to create / capture, store and retrieve digital facial images (using proprietary FACIA _® System) of criminals including suspects in standardised format, classified by key features, with online matching capability across various electronic databases in different geo-locations, via strictly authorised user control procedures, application, functionality, tagging and indexing methodology all being unique and criminal-centric, facilitating rapid online matching of sourced vs stored images, and altogether eliminating identity mismatches/ mix-ups; including rapid generation of disguises and juxta-positioning of various optional modes of pseudo appearances, and the online transmission of such images to search parties, border control authorities and trans-regional law enforcement agencies;

to introduce novel method of nationwide Police Station Management (POLISMAN _® ) encompassing all aspects of their operations, performance and functionalities, providing respective jurisdictional control offices of law enforcement agencies reliable, real-time control and instant two-way communication interface with each police station under their respective ambit;

to create seamless interface between various law enforcement agencies in all matters appurtenant to their operations and to provide a robust and efficient platform for e-Govemance;

to introduce a generic method of broad classification of all crimes, facilitating macro level planning and strategy development by law enforcement agencies;

to introduce a novel method of information technology assisted crime management using a sophisticated and robust IT platform on state, regional and national basis to record cases and analyse data relating to all aspects of crime and criminals using electronic mode and specially designed e-formats known as eCriFile _® and CRIMINALOG _® , thereby transforming the conventional method of maintaining such data on paper records. to introduce an elaborate and novel method of cyber crime analysis and management using proprietary CYBERCRIMESCAN _® System, providing law enforcement agencies modern tools for effective cyber crime investigation, rapid detection, tracing and nabbing criminals;

to introduce efficient and secure methods of data security and data transfer protocol for each force/establishment;

to usher modern e-Govemance practices with futuristic features and wide ranging capabilities for efficient administration of law enforcement agencies and police forces covering all principal areas, and helping authorities to transition smoothly from conventional paper records and files appurtenant to operations, administration, record-keeping, personnel and the like to the era of secure electronic data storage and retrieval of all such data in respect of each force/establishment;

to provide a 7-digit scientifically composed unique nationwide station house- centric Police Station Referencing System (POLISMAN _® Number) with specially designed fields known as Identifier Groups which impart extra-ordinary value-in- use, and which serves as a single reference point for all matters relating to a given station house anywhere in a country;

to provide a 14-digit scientifically composed unique national level station-housed based crime-centric FIR identity number known as FIRST _® Number (which stands for First Information Report Station-house Tracker number), with specially- designed fields known as Identifier Groups which impart extra-ordinary value-in- use, and which serves as a single reference point for all matters relating to a given crime registered anywhere in a country with the law enforcement authorities, through all stages of its processing;

to provide an 18-digit scientifically composed unique national level crime-centric identity number (eCriFile _® Number), with specifically designed fields known as Identifier Groups which impart extra-ordinary value-in-use, and which serves as a permanent single reference document holding all information relating to registered crime anywhere in a country with the law enforcement authorities; to provide a 16-digit scientifically composed unique national level criminal-centric identity number (CRIMINALOG® Number) valid for life, with specially designed fields known as Identifier Groups which impart extra-ordinary value-in-use, and which serves as a single reference point for all matters relating to a given criminal anywhere in a country with the law enforcement authorities, home ministry and other relevant agencies, both while under trial and after conviction /discharge;

to provide for secure storage of data covering all facets of each force/establishment in distinct, compartmentalised databases of respective law enforcement agencies covering all relevant facets of their operations and administrative needs as well as data storage in novel, convenient and unique configurations;

to provide for secure flow of stored and emerging data between law enforcement agencies across the country by means of secure channels of electronic data transmission and stringent access controls ; to provide for instant verification of police personnel's data by authorized personnel of respective police authority (or law enforcement agency concerned) even at remote locations via standard PC terminals and mobile / wireless communication devices or hand-held reader units;

to introduce a unique web-based organisational management and operations control platform encompassing the entire law enforcement agency which imposes stringent working norms, altogether precludes scope for manual irregularities /wilful manipulation of data or reports, and supports real-time management of all facets of the functioning of police departments and establishments adjunct thereto;

to serve as a single facilitating platform for all operational and data interface requirements of respective force / establishment, hence truly multi-functional as it includes the needs of present and future e-Governance practices of said force / undertaking and also of the home ministry; to provide the means for authorities to undertake a wide range of statistical analyses which help in macro planning, study of trends and policy framing for police forces whether macro or force-wise/police establishment-wise;

to provide law enforcement agencies user-friendly services from specially created Cells located adjunct to the National / Federal Crime Record Bureau (including Translation Services, Police Call Centres, Administration and Inter-State coordination Services, Other Crime Data Management Services etc) conveniently accessible to duly authorised personnel, for speedy interaction with police authorities and other relevant agencies in other geo-locations countrywide;

to hold electronic signature of police personnel and facilitate affixation thereof for all official documents and in e-transactions in a secure environment controlled by 6-digit user-PIN, following approved guidelines issued by the home ministry / authorities of respective force;

to provide a powerful electronic infrastructure with system of alerts and controls which facilitate real time monitoring of operational compliances and performance of police personnel;

to provide an electronic platform for prison management offering interface between law enforcement agencies and prison departments covering all the operational needs of these agencies to efficiently discharge their responsibilities (without dependence on conventional paper-based records) covering crimes and criminals and obviating the physical movement of such files and records between respective agencies, while ensuring utmost safety and reliability of data traversing a dedicated state and national level IT grid for prison management, interlinking all the prisons through a common network covering each state / UT and in turn, interlinking all states/ UTs.

To achieve the above-stated objectives, the instant invention provides a system of Integrated Operational Control, Management and e-Govemance for Central and State/UT law enforcement agencies comprising: • means for capturing, storing, classifying, indexing, e-tagging, retrieving and transmitting digital images and data of finger and palm prints of criminals and suspects;

• means for capturing, storing, classifying, indexing, e-tagging, retrieving and transmitting digital images of facial portraits of criminals and suspects;

• means for recording, storing, analysing, classifying and transmitting text, diagrams and data in electronic format relating to crime and criminal records; • means for pre-empting, curtailing, tracking, detecting, analysing and managing various forms of cyber crime leading to expeditious tracing and nabbing criminals;

• means for managing law enforcement agencies by enabling two-way online communication interface between any two entities within a law enforcement agency or between any two law enforcement agencies themselves, in a secure environment;

• means for providing secure flow of stored and emerging data between law enforcement agencies across a country;

• means for electronic management of police stations by enabling two- way online interface between police stations and their controlling offices facilitating real-time transmission of FIRs and other reports from police stations to their controlling offices, as well as rapid online circulation of instructions, bulletins, notifications, hotlists and alerts to some or all police stations by controlling authorities from any geo-location within or outside a given State/UT or on regional/ nationwide basis via secure user controls and system safeguards which preclude misuse or unauthorised application;

wherein said means facilitates integrated operational control, management and e-Governance of all Central and State/UT police forces of a country and law enforcement agencies, including all organizations and establishments under the Central Home Ministry and State/UT Home Departments. The instant invention also provides a method of Integrated Operational Control, Management and e-Govemance for Central and State/UT law enforcement agencies comprising the steps of: a. providing law enforcement authorities up-to-date information, analysis and the means necessary to manage all key functions including policy formulation / modification, strategy formulation/ amendment, resource allocation, planning and deployment of field forces and vehicles, logistics planning, administration, field operations, crime mitigation, finances, budgetary control, accounting, audit, materials procurement, inventory, stores and

• issuances, human resources, citizen-interface, media, public awareness; b. generating and analyzing various types of MIS Reports at desired intervals of time covering defined periods including graphic and pictorial representation thereof for better visual appreciation of data contained in said MIS Reports ; c. providing analytical comparison between two or more law enforcement agencies/States-UTs or between entities within a law enforcement agency or State/UT, encompassing a wide range of - parameters; d. rapid analysis including graphic models of emerging data covering any facet of law enforcement to assist authorities in formulating / modifying operational and administrative plans and strategies; e. assisting authorities concerned in preventing/ mitigating various forms of operational losses presently faced by law enforcement agencies by enhancing efficiency covering all facets of operation and by preventing /detecting human errors or omissions and commissions by means of the inbuilt electronic regulatory checks and safeguards in the system; f. assisting authorities to achieve enhanced levels of performance and discipline amongst personnel of various law enforcement agencies; and g. assisting authorities in improving the delivery of various welfare measures to police personnel both while in service and post retirement

wherein said method facilitates integrated operational control, management and e-Governance of all Central and State/UT police forces of a country and law enforcement agencies, including all appurtenant organizations and establishments under the federal/central home ministry and State-UT Home Departments.

System and method for providing law enforcement agencies an electronic-based national level operations control and management capability, covering all administrative functions via a single, harmonized platform encompassing multiple functions and a comprehensive range of applications for operationalising a modern e-Governance programme within the home ministry/law enforcement agencies and adjunct establishments are described.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention is now described by referring to the accompanying diagrams.

Fig.1 illustrates the Principal Operational Areas of Law Enforcement Agencies covered under Rakshan _® according to the instant invention.

Fig.2 illustrates the Schematic of Administrative Control pertaining respectively to each Law Enforcement Agency/ Central Police Force/ State/UT Police Forces.

Fiq.3 illustrates the Schematic of Operations Control Group A: Intra-Departmental pertaining respectively to each Law Enforcement Agency/ Central Police Force/ State/UT Police Forces.

Fig.4 illustrates the Schematic of Operations Control Group B: Inter-Departmental pertaining respectively to each Law Enforcement Agency/ Central Police Force/ State/UT Police Forces. Fig.5 illustrates the schematic of Records and Data Management pertaining respectively to each Law Enforcement Agency/ Central Police Force/ State/UT Police Forces.

Fig.6 illustrates the schematic of Personnel Management pertaining respectively to each Law Enforcement Agency/ Central Police Force/ State/UT Police Forces.

Fig.7 illustrates the Composition and Generic Content of eCriFile _® (electronic Crime File) appurtenant to each registered crime, according to the present invention.

Fig.8 illustrates the Composition and Generic Content of CRIMINALOG _® (electronic Criminal Log) appurtenant to each registered suspect/ under-trial/ criminal, according to the present invention.

Fig.9 illustrates the schematic of Dataflow from Police Station to Police Head Quarters in the State, following distinctly separate channels for Range operations and Commissionerate operations respectively.

Fig.10 illustrates the method of Matching incoming criminal-centric Crime data with existing CRIMINALOG _® and or updation thereof (including creation of new CRIMINALOG _® where required) pertaining respectively to each Law Enforcement Agency/ Central Police Force/ State or UT Police Forces.

Fig.11 illustrates the Flow of electronic data appurtenant to Vital Crime and Criminal Data inter se between various Law Enforcement Agencies and Central/State/UT Police Forces, Border Control Points and Federal & International Agencies following pre-defined tiers and paths, showing the schematic for rapid exchange of sensitive data, following three critical parameters viz., geographic location, gravity of crime and sensitivity of circumstance. Fig.12 illustrates the Harmonised 7-digit Nationwide Police Station Referencing System appurtenant to the unique pan-national number allotted to each station- house (and outpost), according to the present invention.

Fiq.13 illustrates the Harmonised 14-digit FIR Numbering System appurtenant to the unique pan-national number allotted to each registered crime, according to the present invention.

Fig.14 illustrates the Harmonised 18-digit Numbering System and Composition of eCriFile _® (electronic Crime Record File) appurtenant to the unique pan-national number allotted to each registered crime, according to the present invention.

Fig.15 illustrates the Harmonised 16-digit Numbering System and Composition of CRIMINALOG _® (electronic Criminal Record File) appurtenant to the unique pan- national number allotted to each registered criminal, according to the present invention.

Fig.16 illustrates the System of Generic Classification of Crime (GCC _® ) — which is a broad compendium of all major categories of crimes nationwide and the classification number allotted to each registered crime, according to the present invention.

Fig.17 illustrates the Content and Schematic of the FACIA _® System - the proprietary Facial Image Assembly method incorporating a first-ever descriptive Library of Facial Parts appurtenant to the Portrait Building System which is an exhaustive catalogue of all relevant physical features, characteristics and attributes of criminals (including suspects) which facilitates the rapid, electronic online generation of portraits from eye-witness descriptions including facile realtime transmission thereof transcending physical / geo-locational boundaries.

Fig.18 illustrates the Process Flow for Comparison of one-to-many facial portrait images with the departmental facial portrait database by using the proprietary FACIA _® process - which is a proprietary method of electronically comparing all relevant facial parts stored in digital format in respect of criminals, suspects and under-trials, which facilitates the rapid, online cross-matching of sourced vs stored images regardless of physical location of multi-farious electronic databases spread across a given country, including facile real time transmission of matches found to any location(s) in the country.

Fig.19 illustrates the Process Flow for Comparison of one-to-many Fingerprint images with the departmental fingerprint database by minutiae feature extraction method using the proprietary IMAGESCAN _® Process - which is one of the methods of digitally comparing all relevant physical characteristics and attributes of the finger and palm images of criminals (suspects) which facilitates the rapid, electronic online cross-matching of sourced vs stored images regardless of physical location of multifarious electronic databases, including facile real-time transmission thereof sans geolocation.

Fig.20 illustrates the Process Flow for Comparison of one-to-many Finger Prints between the departmental finger print databases by using the IMAGESCAN _® process — which is a proprietary method of electronically comparing all relevant finger/ palm prints stored in digital format in respect of criminals, suspects and under-trials, which facilitates the rapid, online cross-matching of sourced vs stored finger prints regardless of physical location of multifarious electronic databases spread across a given country, including facile real time transmission of matches found to any location(s) in the country.

Fig.21 illustrates the methodology for Digital Forensic Analysis of a Cybercrime using CYBERCOP _® System — the proprietary IT solution developed to cover all varieties of cyber crimes in an exhaustive manner, graded according to their gravity and impact.

Fig.22 illustrates the method of Detailed Analyses of Cybercrime at the Site of Crime using CYBERCOP _® System — the proprietary IT solution developed to cover all varieties of cyber crimes in an exhaustive manner, graded according to their gravity and impact. Fig.23 illustrates the method of Inspection at the Site of Cybercrime using CYBERCOP _® System — the proprietary IT solution developed to cover all varieties of cyber crimes in an exhaustive manner, graded according to their gravity and impact.

Fig.24 illustrates POLISMAN _® - the proprietary method of Integrated National Level Police Station Management which is an exhaustive and tiered approach to online and real-time management of police stations and all activities appurtenant to them by respective jurisdictional and superior controlling authorities of each law enforcement agency.

Fig.25 illustrates the macro schematic of the integrated and unified apex-level Centralised National Crime and Intelligence Database (CENCRID _® ) under the ambit of the federal home ministry containing centralised, composite database showing arrangement and make-up of compartmentalised and distinctly separate databases of (1) each of the central police forces and of establishments/ undertakings adjunct to them / under the home ministry, and (2) each of the state/UT police forces, which holds all Crime/ criminal data appurtenant to said State /UT.

Fiq.26 illustrates the schematic of Law Enforcement Agencies and Police (LEAP®) e-Governance Programme using proprietary method to achieve the project objectives on a countrywide basis, showing the distinct areas of interface between the home ministry authorities vs officials of law enforcement authorities and police departments of each State/ UT.

Fig.27 illustrates the National Coverage Priority Classification for Project Rakshan implementation on a countrywide basis, showing the focus and thrust for optimum prioritised coverage of territories and regions based on three critical parameters viz., geographic location, socio-political sensitivity and crime history.

Figs.28 to 33 illustrate the design, content, flow, sequence, composition, inter- linkage, functionality, schematic and configuration of specially designed and developed Stanforms _® (Standard Formats) to electronically record Data appurtenant to multifarious activities at the operating level of Police Stations which is displayed online on real-time basis when called up for review by any higher level of authority designated, according to the present invention. The further elaboration of the unique and novel configurations and arrangements thereof are designed for systematically recording, classifying, storing and accessing each type of operations level data of Police Stations, including crime, operational and administrative aspects, under the Rakshan Police Station Management module.

Figs. 34 to 37 illustrate the design content, flow, sequence, composition, inter- linkage, functionality, schematic and configuration of specially designed and developed TABS _® to record data in distinct crime specific electronic files known as eCriFile _® bearing national unique crime number appurtenant to various aspects of each registered crime at the respective police stations which is and displayed online on real-time basis when called up for review by any higher level of authority designated, according to the present invention. The further elaboration of the unique and novel configurations and arrangements thereof are designed for systematically recording, classifying, analyzing, reporting, storing and accessing various components of data pertaining to said crime including operational, investigative, punitive, legal and administrative aspects.

Figs. 38 to 41 illustrate the design content, flow, sequence, composition, inter- linkage, functionality, schematic and configuration of specially designed and developed tabs _® to record data in distinct criminal specific electronic files know as CRIMINALOG _® bearing national unique criminal number appurtenant to various aspects of each registered criminal/ suspect/ under-trial at the respective police stations which is displayed online on real-time basis when called up for review by any higher level of authority designated, according to the present invention. The further elaboration of the unique and novel configurations and arrangements thereof are designed for systematically recording, classifying, analyzing, reporting, storing and accessing various components of data pertaining to said crime including operational, investigative, punitive, legal and administrative aspects.

Fig. 42 illustrates the Macro View of Seamless Exchange of Operational and Administrative Data between various LEAs in India utilising their respective databases which facilitates rapid exchange of information between various national and state level law enforcement agencies through the medium of a centralized electronic clearing house functioning under the national crime record bureau, and comprising distinct facilities to handle data relating to crime data, crime management, administration, HR, co-ordination as well as special cell for language translation services and call centers designed to provide expeditious support to various Law Enforcement Agencies.

This invention can be described better by way of example of a Country. The specification herewith takes the Country India as an example to explain the invention, It may be noted that throughout the specification including claims where-ever reference is made to India or India specific terms, it is by way of exemplification only, as these terms can be easily replaced with the particular country specific term where the invention would be applied or deployed.

It may be clear to the person skilled in the art that such terms/terminology can be replaced with local terms/terminology relevant to the country where the invention for the patent applicant will be applied.

Fig.43 illustrates a representative example of dataflow between Law Enforcement Agencies and Police Forces of two different states via the Central Electronic Clearing House utilizing the methodology pioneered by the instant invention, this figure being an elaboration of one of the possibilities described in Figure 42.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Aptly christened Rakshan™ the instant invention is designed to provide state-of- the-art solutions encompassing the entire operations and management needs of all law enforcement agencies and police departments under the following Principal Areas:

^■ Administrative Control

^■ Operations Control / Group A - Intra Departmental

■ Operations Control / Group B - Inter Departmental

■ Records and Data Management ^■ Personnel Management

■ Extremely efficient administration and total control of Department's operations ■ Finger-tip data support and statistical analyses for rapid decision making and action

^■ State-wide networking

^■ Real-time data access

^■ Graded levels of access control ■ High safety, durability and economy of data storage

^■ Rapid data transmission and printing facility

^■ Prevention of tampering / misuse of stored data / documents

^■ High level of data security

^■ IPC (Section-wise) Crime Records ■ Year-wise / Geographical Territory / Jurisdiction-wise Crime particulars

^■ Interstate Crime Records

^■ Graphics and Imaging Solutions

^■ Category - wise Grouped Crime Data, example:

Offences against the State • Offences against Women

Economic Offences Crimes against BCs Hardcore Crimes etc

^■ Investigation and progress control ■ Management of Investigative Processes, Procedures, Tools and Systems

System and method for managing the entire spectrum of operations and administration of Law Enforcement Agencies and Police Departments and for providing secure e-governance are described. The present invention is not intended to be restricted to any particular form or arrangement, or any specific embodiment, or any specific use disclosed herein, since the same may be modified in various particulars or relations without departing from the spirit or scope of the claimed invention herein shown and described of which the system or method shown is intended only for illustration and disclosure of an operative embodiment and not to show all of the various forms or modifications in which this invention might be embodied or operated.

Rakshan has been designed to provide flexibility in implementation, and possesses the following merits: user level configurability, scalability, interoperability, compatibility with multiple applications including existing systems.

1/ Police Station Management

Police Station Management is the new-age function whereby a conglomeration of police stations within a jurisdictional control region are administered and monitored by the appropriate authority, using modern IT tools which form part of the specially designed and developed Rakshan POLISMAN _® System. Various jurisdictional control offices collectively constitute the higher levels of hierarchy to complete the force-wide implementation of police station management practices. POLISMAN _® System offers law enforcement agencies comprehensive operating support covering the following functionalities:

o Upkeep and Maintenance of Station House Diary o Online Registration of FIR identified incorporating the Unique Number o Provision of acknowledgement for each FIR filed o Online Transmission of FIR Copies to DPOs / Range HQrs / PHQs o Attendance Control and Duty Roster Maintenance of Personnel o Generation and transmission of Weekly, Monthly Crime Reports to PHQs o Daily Situation Report o Judiciary co-ordination and Updation of Case details o Issue of Online Alert to other Police Stations / Border Control Points o Online Transmission of Passport Verification Details to Passport Offices o Maintenance of Vehicle Registry o WIP / VIP movement and security related matters o Arms and Ammunitions Register maintenance o Beat Book o Upkeep of Stolen Property Register o Reports on Theft, Dacoity, and subsequent recovery o Compliance with Citizens' Charter o Reports on Inspection of Troubled Areas o Sending online request to NCRB seeking information on crimes and criminals appurtenant to inter-State activities o Registration and Movement / Death of Foreigners o Registration of Unnatural Deaths / Unidentified Bodies o Arrest, Search and Seizure o Preparation and submission of Charge Sheets o Collection of Spot Fine and Remittance to State Treasury o Upkeep of Arms Licence Register o Other Activities

At the field level, examples of the functions of POLISMAN _® System include:

1. Filing of FIR online with copies to concerned authorities on a real-time basis is achieved. FIR includes, among other basic information, crime scene description, picture of the site where offence occurred, relevant sections of IPC, police act / rules, details of accused, property seized / lost, vehicle details if a vehicle is involved, type of crime, nature of crime, physical evidence, witness details if any, arms / ammunition used to commit crime, arrest, search and seizure details. FIR thus filed also be automatically linked up with the charge sheet preparation containing all necessary details. Apart from this, the POLISMAN _® System record processing and disposal of court cases, judiciary coordination for execution of warrants, surrender of accused, etc.

2. POLISMAN _® System provides a separate interface to record the interrogation details, case diaries, witness details and relevant remand details where necessary.

3. POLISMAN _® System is designed to interact with FPB, DCRBs, SCRBs, forensic labs, prosecution dept, prisons dept, and other law enforcement agencies / units, law and order maintenance, intelligence gathering, beat information. 4. Online registration of FIR is an important step in bringing around the transparency in department's crime recording system. Since the FIR being the first and critical part of any investigation, it will be sent to higher / concerned authorities for record purposes. In Rakshan POLISMAN _®

System, all forms, and reports are standardised to maintain uniformity in all phases of investigation and in all related depts. Tracking, transmission, etc of all e-Records are easy to accomplish, apart from helping the authorities to expedite the investigation, thus resulting in speedy disposal of cases. This also brings in accountability, helps in making reporting timely, and accurately.

5. In the existing system, the details of property recovered / any such incidents, in a particular police station limits will have to be sent to all the agencies / stations. Once the details of such incidents are available online to all the concerned authorities, as in Rakshan PMS, it is easier to process claims, etc.

6. Tracking, processing of all crimes / law and order problems are easily accomplished through Rakshan POLISMAN _® System by deployment of all facets.

Benefits of Rakshan POLISMAN _® System:

1. Conventional manual system of record keeping replaced by electronic format records, hence foolproof method of data management resulting in quick data retrieval, high level of storage safety and minimal error in handling/ transmission.

2. Data once entered is stored, transmitted, and retrieved without delay or difficulty. Significant savings of storage space as compared to conventional methods of storage of data in physical record form.

3. Instant availability of data anywhere, anytime from any geo-location. 4. Operational and administrative efficiency enhanced due to faster communication amongst agencies / depts.

5. Stringently regulated access of database to only select authorised users helps in maintaining the security and confidentiality of data.

6. Excellent coordination amongst agencies, and enhances the overall effectiveness of the dept.

2 / Finger Print Data Management

Universally, fingerprints have remained the primary biometric identifier used for identification of individuals.

The instant invention incorporates a specially developed finger print management system known as IMAGESCAN _® designed and developed exclusively for the purpose of assisting law enforcement agencies in the accurate and speedy identification and detection of criminals. IMAGESCAN _® is AFIS (automated fingerprint identification systems) compatible, and includes extremely reliable methods for detecting, identifying and evaluating the patent and latent finger print images. IMAGESCAN _® incorporates novel tools for capture, classification, storage, archiving, search, retrieval and high-speed matching of fingerprints using state-of-the-art hardware, bespoke software and a full suite of customised inputs.

Features and capabilities of Rakshan IMAGESCANg Finger Print System:

• Latent & Ten-Print Image Scan/Search (and import, where necessary)

• Latent & Ten-Print Features Search • Advanced Image Enhancement Tools

• Automatic Fingerprint Characterization

• Manual Fingerprint Characterization, on need basis

• Side-by-Side Image Comparison

• Case Management • User Defined Preferences

• On-Line Technical Support

• Back-up/Archive to specified Location

Fingerprint Acquisition to File

• Gray scale Scan

• Scan ten-print card

^■ Sequence check

^■ Substitute flat for flawed rolled • Scan latent document

• Full page scan

^■ Extract one or more latents

• Accept, Match, and Check externally digitized/enhanced images

• Accept .bmp, .tif, and/or .jpg image formats • Save window as an image

Image Manipulation Capabilities

^■ Enhance individual fingerprints ■ Rotate latent and ten-print images

^■ Draw region of interest

^■ Crop (extract) latent images

^■ Invert intensity

^■ Flip vertically and horizontally ■ Magnify image / selected part of the image

^■ Resize image window

^■ Scroll image within window

^■ compression and expansion of images, as desired, within the framework

IMAGESCAN _® has an integrated live scan device that allows the electronic submission of applicant fingerprint images and related information. Live scan technology replaces the conventional process of recording an individual's fingerprint pattern manually through a rolling process using ink and a standard 8"x8" hard fingerprint card. Fingerprint images are digitized through an electronic process enabling the electronic transfer of the fingerprint image data, in combination with personal descriptor information, to a central server. This electronic transfer of information drastically reduces the submission timeframes, thus facilitating expeditious processing of cases.

IMAGESCAN _® improves the productivity, enhances efficiency and speed for fingerprinting persons as well as storage and retrieval of tenprint cards. It will also provide positive identification of persons during the law enforcement process. Archive capabilities will eliminate the need to print and manually file tenprint cards, as well as provide electronic access from multiple computers to tenprint card data on a 24/7 basis.

Unique Features of IMAGESCAN ₁ B :

Ability to electronically submit ten print cards in accordance with AFIS. Compliance with AFIS standards for data encryption mandates.

Capability to launch a search from the live-scan entry device and receive search result messages after search result review has been completed at central AFIS database.

Automatically forwards search result messages (AFIS "hitVno hit" messages with specific number tag) to other workstations that are connected within the network.

Connected Unit has the ability to print ten-print and palm-print cards to an approved networked card printer.

Can capture the lower palm and writers palm acceptable as per AFIS system.

Include the main computer, fingerprint processor with the necessary software, touch screen / keyboard data entry capability, fingerprint / palm print acquisition software, double-sided network tenprint card printer with dual paper trays (one for tenprint card, one for palm print card), and Network Interface Card. Provision for Demographic data entry screen. Built-in slap to roll fingerprint comparison of images, guaranteeing that the proper sequence of the rolled impressions has been accomplished.

Integrated quality control software capable of alerting the operator through the displayed warnings of image problems such as finger out of sequence and, or bad quality.

Can accomplish fingerprint image capture by a "self pace" rolling feature which can be accomplished from either direction.

Administrative software tools that will allow the system administrator to make changes to the demographic data screen. The software also permits the system administrator to add, change, move and delete fields on the demographic data screen.

IMAGESCAN _® software supports a standard Web Browser for all web related applications.

IMAGESCAN _® facilitates electronic access to the ten print fingerprint cards, and to avoid printing and manual filing of the ten print fingerprint cards, an archive capable of electronic storage of tenprint records. IMAGESCAN _® is modular in design to expand storage capacity as needed.

IMAGESCAN _® is designed to automatically update each record with the specific number tags as and when obtained from AFIS search results.

The database fields in IMAGESCAN _® are custom designed to meet the exact requirements of the client. The system allows for any modifications as required by the administrator to add and change fields in the Archive database.

IMAGESCAN _® can store, search & retrieve, view, modify, expunge (delete), print, transfer, copy, export, track activity, activity reports, and establish security levels.

IMAGESCAN _® can search and retrieve by any, all or combinations of data fields. IMAGESCAN _® can view all data, tenprint image array, slap prints, palms or individual rolled fingerprint.

IMAGESCAN _® allows images of fingers from different records to be displayed side-by-side for comparison purposes.

IMAGESCAN _® facilitates document scanner integration for scanning of hard copy tenprint cards.

IMAGESCAN _® has the inherent ability to process hard copy tenprint cards that are scanned into system using a document scanner in the same manner as tenprint cards that are submitted directly through electronic means.

IMAGESCAN _® facilitates storage of documents that are scanned into the system in a PDF format.

Supports Activity Tracking, as a background process, that tracks the activities that occur on a record in the database. The system administrator can also verify the audit trail of each record / user in the network.

The Archive has several advanced features for security to include creation of user names, creation of specific groups that can view only certain databases selectively, password protection, specific functions that each user or group is limited to and logging of different activities for each.

IMAGESCAN _® is also equipped with a built-in mirroring facility for generating automatic data backup periodically.

3 / Cyber Crime Management

As the Internet becomes a more important part of our daily lives, white collar criminals the world over are misapplying their acquired technical knowledge and skills to increasingly perpetrate cybercrime using the internet. Thus, cybercrime is a relatively nascent phenomenon and an offshoot of the IT revolution. Cybercrime is non conventional, transcends the physical domain and is committed by the illegal application of computer-mediated activities. Hence the need for innovative technological solutions to counter such forms of crime.

Accordingly, the Rakshan package includes a special module specifically designed and developed to deal exclusively with cybercrime and to equip LEAs with the wherewithal to expeditiously track criminals and bring them to justice under current national and international laws. Called Rakshan CYBERCOP _® , this module includes the hardware, software, middleware, a full suite of actionable inputs and the means to swiftly combat cybercrime in its multifarious forms, and tackle emerging forms of cybercrime using specialized tools.

1. Catalogue of Types of Cyber Crime 1.1 Sending threats via mail or mobile phone (calls or SMS)

1.2 Subscribing to or viewing websites hosted by fundamentalist groups or anti-national groups and the like, and interacting or attempting to interact with such entities

1.3 Organising criminal activity of any nature using electronic media or mobile telephony

1.4 Generating or perpetrating computer viruses and the like

1.5 Hosting or accepting pornographic or obscene material including text, graphics and communications

1.6 Receiving or parting with confidential data pertaining to other individuals or institutions or governments not intended to be so transacted

1.7 Using false identity to complete web transactions

1.8 Hacking websites or mail accounts of others

1.9 Morphing Images of persons

2. Cyber crimes in categories graded by seriousness of offence 2.1 petty / minor offences (1-2 /10)

2.2 mildly serious offences (3-4 /10)

2.3 serious offences (5-6 /10)

2.4 very serious offences (7-8 / 10)

2.5 dangerous offences (9-10 / 10) 3. Cyber Crimes segregated Target Group-wise

3.1 Against Individuals

3.2 Against Govemment(s)

3.3 Against Institutions and Corporate Bodies 3.4 Terrorist and anti-social / anti-national

4. Methodologies used for committing Cyber Crime

4.1 Using a computer (PC or laptop or palm top or mobile device is a sine qua non of committing any form of cyber crime, hence without one of these devices, no cyber crime can be committed).

4.2 From home PC or laptop

4.3 From cyber cafe

4.4 From college / school PC

4.5 From workplace PC / laptop 4.6 From a mobile telephone instrument

4.7Via the Internet

5 Setting up checkpoints of surveillance to observe the cyber crimes being attempted / committed 6 Methods of prevention and detection of Cyber Crime

7 Penal provisions and punitive measures: existing vs proposed

8 Preparation and training of Police Force for combating cyber crime

9 Interaction with Dept Officials from Cyber Crime Divn of Police Forces of other States/UTs/Countries 10 Lessons from other countries to develop strategies for combating Cyber Crime

11 Educating public and seeking their participation to combat cyber crime and redressal mechanism

12 Legislation and legal enactments for arresting the cyber crime 13 Building solutions around this framework

14 Standards, and Industry needs

15 Case studies, Experience of other states

16 Government's initiatives to allocate funding and developing solutions

17 Worldwide scenario of preparedness to tackle cyber crime 18 Emerging national and international trends in cyber crime and their resolution

• Computer hacking or network intrusion refers to the unauthorized access of a computer or a computer network

- Motives can be political or personal - Weapons: cyber-terrorism, logic bombs and electromagnetic bombs

- Internet fraud refers to deceptive behavior conducted through the Internet in an illegal manner with Financial and personal benefits as the major motivations. • Spreading of malicious code refers to the sending of a Virus, a Trojan horse through a computer network to affect its normal operation

• Cyber-piracy is the illegal copying and trading of software through the Internet

• Other types of cybercrime include identity theft, electronic property theft, cyber-pornography, etc.

Rakshan CYBERCOP _® module uses Data mining techniques to analyze cybercrime effectively.

- e.g., Unsolicited email identification, authorship analysis, link analysis, sequential pattern mining, association rule mining • In addition, fighting cybercrime involves government, public and private organizations, legislation, technologies, and cooperation from other agencies. CYBERCOP _® module enables all such activities. It is basically a computer surveillance system for cyber crime investigation.

Rakshan CYBERCOP _® module also incorporates specific features to incorporate the Real Time Network Intrusion Detection system.

CYBERCOP _® facilitates the necessary critical Forensic Digital Investigation of the Crime Scene using:

^■ Acquisition ■ Identification

■ Evaluation

^■ Presentation of the data.

CYBERCOP _® also analyses the data of the victim computer wrt the following and presents a detailed analysis report: ^■ Content (what type of data)

^■ Comparison (against known data)

^■ Transaction (sequence)

^■ Extraction (of data, as required, based on the situation) ■ Deleted Data Files (recovery)

■ Format Conversion

^■ Keyword Searching, to locate certain known targets / words

■ Password (decryption)

■ Limited Source Code (analysis or compare) ■ Storage Media (many types)

The CYBERCOP® module features include, among other, the following benefits:

1. Tracing and locating IP addresses rapidly

2. Decoding the coded messages / hidden messages in various formats 3. Tracking the internet activities of target networks / systems

4. Collection of digital evidence at crime scene, detection, extraction and segregation of necessary data at the crime scene, analysis of collected evidence

5. Remote monitoring of computers / networks 6. Evidence Collection in a discreet form

7. Vulnerability Testing of systems / networks

8. Computer/Disk/Network Forensics

9. Data Recovery

10. Automatic Event Reconstruction System 11. Assists Internal Investigation,

12. Assists in Filing Cases, Case Report/Documentation, etc.

13. Network Security Audit

14. Testing and Inspection of VPN, wireless network, wired network, 15. Automation Backup, Data Backup/Recovery, e-mail Backup/Recovery, RAID Backup, Full/lncremental/Differential Backups, On-The-Fly Backup, Storage Media Backup, etc.

16. Enables Tracking OS-enabled dependences 17. Tracking process-enabled dependences

18. Forensic Examination of Log files

19. Forensic Feature Extraction and Cross drive analysis

20. Forensic Log Parsing and Log Management

21. Forensic Memory Analysis Rakshan CYBERCOP _® assists to identify and attempt to retrieve possible evidence that may exist on the victim computer system, by performing the following:

• Protecting the victim computer during the forensic examination from possible alteration, damage, data corruption, or virus introduction. • Creation of Mirror Image of the Data ' as at the first sight' of crime reporting, ensuring the Mirror Image Only to be used for further examination, and preserving the original data for legal /judiciary purposes.

• Discovers all files on the victim computer. This includes existing normal files, deleted yet remaining files, hidden files, password -protected files, and encrypted files.

• Recovers all (or as much as possible) of discovered deleted files.

• Reveals (to the extent possible) the contents of hidden files as well as temporary or swap files used by both the application programs and the operating system. • Accesses (if possible and if legally appropriate) the contents of protected or encrypted files.

• Analyses all possibly relevant data found in special (and typically inaccessible) areas of a disk. This includes but is not limited to what is called 'unallocated' space on a disk (currently unused, but possibly the repository of previous data that is relevant evidence), as well as 'slack' space in a file (the remnant area at the end of a file, in the last assigned disk cluster, that is unused by current file data, but once again may be a possible site for previously created and relevant evidence). • Prints out an overall analysis of the subject computer system, as well as a listing of all possibly relevant files and discovered file data. Further, provides an opinion of the system layout, the file structures discovered, any discovered data and authorship information, any attempts to hide, delete, protect, encrypt information, and anything else that has been discovered and appears to be relevant to the overall computer system examination. • Provides expert consultation and/or testimony, as required.

Electronic evidence is the information and data of investigative value that is stored on or transmitted by an electronic device. Such evidence is acquired when data or physical items are collected and stored for examination purposes. Electronic evidence, also known as Digital Evidence is often latent in the same sense as fingerprints or DNA evidence. Digital data is fragile and can be easily altered, damaged, or destroyed and hence, it is imperative to collect data soon as the crime is noticed / reported.

Rakshan CYBERCOP _® module assists LEA in: Recognition and identification of the evidence, documentation of the crime scene, collection and preservation of the evidence without any loss of data for a long time.

Users have the opportunity to hide evidence in a variety of forms. For example, they may encrypt or password-protect data that are important to them. They may also hide files on a hard disk or within other files or deliberately hide incriminating evidence files under an innocuous name, as compressed files, or as misnamed files.

4 / FACIAg (Facial Image Assembly) System

The Rakshan FACIA _® Portrait Building Software is a proprietary deliverable comprising specially designed and developed Facial Image Assembly / (Re) construction Software and e-tools to construct facial images including disguises of criminals and suspects based on eye-witness descriptions. FACIA _® System forms a part of Rakshan Graphics and Imaging Solutions.

It provides police forces a reliable operating platform to assist investigative procedures through online access to digital picture libraries and portrait construction capabilities for rapid image processing, verification and actioning. It provides system capability to add to database instantly with automatic linkages and cross — referencing facility.

FACIA _® System effectively assists in Dept's investigative procedures covering

> Matching and retrieval of archival images and data with reference to required information

> Constructing facial images of suspects with no previous records, based on eye witness description

> Constructing / analysing crime / accident site images

> Interpolating images / visuals relating to crime / accidents and suspects as part of analytical procedures

FACIA _® System Meets the Department's expectations and Requirements like

> Owning and operating a reliable image storage and processing system incorporating modern features and advanced capabilities

> Maintaining / updating image and related text data with instant accessibility > Spontaneous linkage to various sites within State and Police Depts of other States

> Trouble - free operation of systems

> User - friendly functioning of package

> High degree of accuracy of results, rapid generation of required images

> Ability to transmit /receive images and text data accurately at high . speeds

> Tamper - proof data management and reliable access control

> Reliable long term data storage > Reliable back -up of auxiliary equipment and services

Unique Features of FACIA® System

> Integrates into Existing and all other futuristic System to meet the end-to- end IT need of Police Forces

> Uses contemporary, cutting edge technology for precise, efficient results

> Provides a reliable centralized platform to store, construct and analyze images and related text data > Includes powerful tools to modify / reconstruct images and data under

Dept's investigative procedures

> Images and data so derived are permanently retained on long term storage devices in non-edit format, hence tamper proof

> Accessible from any authorized location in Dept (Statewide) via stringent multi-level access control

> Digitize Dept's existing image and data libraries at high speed and classify data for efficient retrieval

> Store and recall images in 2D and 3D formats

> Convert existing 2D images to 3D format > Capture and digitally store new images in 3D

> Construct / reconstruct / modify 2D and 3D images at high speeds

> Mix and match facial images with infinite modifications / variations based on large repository of facial parts pertaining to men and women of various geographical regions, races and nationalities > Receive and transmit 2D and 3D images (and related text) online intra -

State, inter - State and Internationally

> Laser print high resolution 2D Images (and related text) in colour / BW

> Store Images and Data on mobile electronic devices for use by search patrols > Recognition of wanted persons during the process of issuing of vital documents such as passport, visa / ID Cards etc and at Immigration Points via electronic data transfer nationwide

> Generation of statistical data relating to criminals based on race, religion and geographical demarcations. Functions and Capabilities of the FACIA® Software

> PBS - A software application to generate online portraits of suspects / criminals including women and juveniles.

> A repository to hold images and data relating to convicted criminals, under trials and suspects under different classifications, example

• Race

• Originating geographical territory • Nationality

• Type of crime

> Can efficiently build a near original image to identify criminals and missing persons in the absence of any form of available image.

> Can model and convert 2D images to 3D images and hence facilitate quick construction of different perspective images of suspects

> Porting various kinds of images i.e. Jpg, .jpeg, .psd, .bmp, .tiff, .gif

> Construction of facial images, in 2D and 3D with frontal and lateral views, by modifying key elements. This includes:

❖ Varying the size / proportion of each significant part of the face • Forehead • Nose • Mouth • Cheeks • Chin

❖ Altering colour, shape and size of eyes

❖ Cosmetic variations / alternations to hair, beard, moustache, sideburns, eyebrows covering

• Style • Size / Shape ^• Colour ❖ Altering complexion

> Merging of constructed facial image with body structure matching eye witness description

> This includes height and build in various options

> Separate libraries for men, women and juveniles

5/ Digital Documentation

DIGISCAN _® is an enterprise-wide Digital Document Management Application for digitising, indexing, retrieving, creating, capturing, managing, delivering, and archiving large volumes of documents and contents of many formats. DIGISCAN _® is an integral part of Rakshan solution package and its modular design is enriched with several advanced features. It integrates seamlessly with other enterprise applications and enables these to manage unstructured content. DIGISCAN _® handles all kinds of electronic data, including scanned document images, electronic documents, emails and data from other in-house enterprise applications with great ease. The scope of coverage of DIGISCAN® includes administrative records, legal records, crime records, personnel records and operations management records.

By integrating DIGISCAN _® application with all facets of law enforcement agencies and police departments, enhanced efficiency of operations is facilitated and data storage, transmission, etc are enabled on a real-time basis with utmost confidentiality. This translates to significant savings in time and operational costs. Since DIGISCAN _® facilitates seamless collaboration, communication, and information-sharing following set protocol, whereby data integrity and security are maintained across and beyond each department.

Features and benefits of deploying DIGISCAN _®

1. Easy to use interface, GUIs

2. Quick Access to all indexed and stored information

3. Content & Meta Search with Full-text indexing

4. Check In-Check Out Control 5. Thumbnail views for image intensive folders

6. Version Control

7. Email Alerts and Change Notifications

8. Audit trails

9. Native Format publishing 10. Elimination of HTML conversion

11. Standard Web browser access from anywhere

12. User managed, and user friendly Remote authoring, editing and management

13. Customisable document properties 14. Multiple Uploads and Downloads

15. Document Approval Mechanism is Easy to Manage & Administer

16. Remote Administration of certain features for administrative level access 17. Integration into In-house applications

18. Multi Server-Distributed Architecture

19. SSL Encryption / other specialised security features, on a need basis

20. Customizable Security Profiles with Document & Folder Level Security possible 21. Secure & isolated work areas

22. Configurable Search Screens

23. Configurable Category Screens

24. Web Service interface

25. Forms management 26. Easy Recovery, Archive

27. Template-driven Content Management

28. Can manage any type of document or file in its native format. It handles multiple versions, allows you to revert to earlier versions, compare versions and always maintains document integrity with the Check In- Check Out mechanism.

29. Fully customizable critical functions

30. Simple, versatile, customizable, powerful and scalable

6/ Financial Management, Accounts Budget, Audit

■ Securing Budget allocation from Govt.

^■ Budgetary Control

■ Salary Disbursal, Clearances for various Payments

■ Control Sanctions / grant of funds to various Units for salaries, TA, DA etc. and monitoring use

■ Processing of Bills Payable

■ Payments for bulk purchases, advances, approvals

^■ Internal Audit

■ Treasury co-ordination ^■ Budget preparation for Annual Expenditure Planning and Control

^■ Co-ordination with Finance Department, Control over Expenditure

^■ External Audit, Submission of Accounts to AG's Office

^■ Interaction with State Finance Department

7/ Fleet Management

^■ Control and deployment and usage of various classes of vehicles

^■ Maintenance of Vehicle History Records ■ Fuel, Spare parts, Indents and procurement of consumables

^■ Periodical Servicing and Maintenance of Vehicles

^■ Requisition / Purchase of New Vehicles

^■ Insurance

^■ RTO co-ordination ■ Vehicle Log Books and Registers, Licence Management

^■ Vehicle Usage Statistics - Daily, Weekly, Monthly

^■ Vigilance procedures to prevent misuse of Vehicles

^■ Disposal of old Vehicles

8/ Publicity. Electronic & Print Media. PR. Public Interface

^■ Interfacing with Citizens through Portal

^■ Citizens' Charter

^■ News / Bulletins / Alerts ■ Public Awareness Campaigns, Announcements

^■ Press / Media Briefing

9/ Material Control. Purchase. Stores. Issues

^■ Procurement Planning

^■ Inventory Management

^■ Receipt and Issue of Materials, Kit Articles

^■ Requisition for and issue control of Arms and Ammunition

^■ Tendering, purchase co-ordination ^■ Furniture and other Assets Register

■ Government Property Register

^■ Periodical Stock Reviews / Analysis and Reports

10/ Establishment, Estate & Asset Management

■ Maintenance of Registers of all Office Buildings

■ Details of Department Housing, Quarters, Guest Houses

■ House-keeping, Maintenance of Buildings ■ Relocation of Offices

■ Functioning of Estate Committee

■ Allotment of Quarters

^■ Community Housing

■ Welfare measures

11/ IT Related Services and e-Governance

^■ Integration of all Functionalities of entire Department

■ Networking of all Police Stations, DHQs, Key Offices with Dept HQ ■ Real time MICS Co-ordination

■ Web-linkage to all Police Stations including Remote Areas

■ GIS, GPS facilitation

■ Sharing of Data with other SCRBs, NCRB

^■ Central Data Repository - Creation and Maintenance ■ Multimodal Data Backup Scheme

■ Disaster Recovery Management

^■ Periodical MIS Report

^■ Departmental Portal

^■ Complete Maintenance and Regulation of IT Services in Department ^■ Cyber Vigilance

12/ Organisation and Management ^■ Co-ordination with Civil Rights Authorities, National Human Rights Commission, NGOs etc

^■ Co-ordination with other Departments/ Law Enforcement Agencies

13/ HR and Service Matters

^■ Recruitment and Training

^■ Allocation of Resources for Training Academies

^■ Deputation and Cadre Review ■ Maintenance of Service Registers and Periodical updating

^■ Policy Matters, Guidelines

^■ Handling Requisition for Staffing

^■ Documentation

14 / MICS, Statistics & Data Management

^■ Graded level of MICS at designated locations

^■ Statistical Maintenance, Analyses and Reporting

^■ Generation of Periodical Review and Reports ■ Long term Data Storage and support

^■ Normalisation and Retrieval of Data

^■ Complete management of data covering all facets of Department's Operations

15/ Legal Cell

^■ Legal assistance to Department

^■ Interaction between Department and Judiciary

^■ Maintenance of all legal Records ■ Defending Department in legal suits / claims

Crime Records and Data Management

^■ IPC (Section wise) Crime Records ^■ Year-wise / Geographical Territory / Jurisdiction-wise Crime particulars

^■ Interstate Crime Records

■ Graphics and Imaging Solutions

^■ Category - wise Grouped Crime Data, example: • Offences against the State

Offences against Women Economic Offences Crimes against BCs Hardcore Crimes etc ■ Investigation and progress control

■ Management of Investigative Processes, Procedures, Tools and Systems

^■ Department-wise Circulars / Orders

• Law Dept

• Home Dept • Finance Dept

• Other Departments

■ Subject wise Circulars / Orders (All Departments)

■ Police Departmental Circulars / Orders

■ Administrative Authority-wise Circulars / Orders ■ Court Judgments : Subject-wise

• Supreme Court

• High Court

• Other Courts / Tribunals

Personnel Records

Micro

Contents of Dossier on each Personnel

^■ Rank wise Personnel Profile • Personnel No.

• Educational attainments and special academic and other work related achievements

• Departmental training particulars ■ Appointment particulars, undertaking letters

^■ Service records including postings and ranks held, promotions, transfers, deputations etc

^■ Confidential Service Reports ■ Compensation package details

^■ Special achievements in each posting / rank

^■ Medical History and Records

■ Disciplinary Matters

^■ Biometrics ■ Welfare issues / membership details

• Welfare Society

• Co-operative Society

• Housing Society

• Service accommodation details ■ Family Notings

■ Bank Account information

• PF, Insurance, Gratuity details

^■ Supplies records - Uniforms, Vehicles, Arms etc

^■ Privileges ■ Service Benefits

^■ Other information modules as required by the Department

■ Continuing Education/Training Programmes attended

^■ ID Card details - link to National Citizen ID Card

^■ Passport details ■ Pension Records

■ Loan History / Credit History

Macro

^■ Organization Chart and Reporting Protocol ■ Allocation of Roles, Functions and Responsibilities

^■ Field Formation Unit-wise

^■ Rank-wise Postings

^■ Force Strength with geographic location break-up

■ Other Listings ^■ History of Police Department in State

^■ Insignia and Hierarchy

^■ Heads of Department in Chronological order with Picture and from

< > to dates of holding Office and special achievements (in brief) ■ Crime Graphs and Statistical Data over the years under Key Groups e.g.

• Road Accidents

• Law and Order

• Offences against the State etc

^■ Police Force Strength over the years with break - up of key rank-wise nos ■ Budget allocated to Police Dept and its utilization year-wise, head - wise

^■ No. of Police Stations and Outposts in State over the years

^■ Inter - State Statistical Analyses of Key Parameters and Achievements

^■ Facilities to Police Personnel at a Glance

^■ Archival Data ■ Rank recognition and formation

^■ Overall Statistical Presentations including interesting data

Examples:

• Crime Data and Ranking

• District -wise • Police Station -wise

• Month -wise

• Year on Year

• IPC Section-wise

• As % of Total Crime

It further facilitates e-Governance programmes. The smart card is designed to undertake multiple applications serving as a single interface for all transactions required by individual police personnel. When the multi-function smart card is inserted in the card reader and writer unit installed at convenient locations in the department hence easily accessible to all police personnel, the personnel's identity is instantly verified and he/she can perform transaction pertaining to any required / permitted application. After the transaction is performed, the updated data is sent to the main server of that Department / Organization, which links all units thereunder, performing similar functions. The data from the main server is then sent to the central server for example herein referred to as National Registry of Police Forces (NRPF) for storage. Permitted segments of the same up-dated data are also sent to the smart card by means of a card writer unit, via a highly secure and well-defined data communication channel.

Advantages. Benefits and Utility of the Invention

The present invention provides a modern, comprehensive, information technology based operations management system for all law enforcement agencies and police departments, and serves as the foundation to implement national level e- Governance programmes under the dispensation of the central home ministry. This novel solution is designed and intended to replace all conventional and quasi-technology based practices currently followed by various law enforcement agencies and police authorities, resulting in enormous benefits and conservation of their administrative and financial resources. The solution facilitates effective administration and operations control by offering true, multi-function capabilities, overcoming geographic boundaries and obviating current practices of physical movement of police personnel in the course of performing several types of operational duties. It also serves as a reliable basis for administering welfare measures to police personnel by police authorities and various concerned government departments and other agencies. The advanced technology based solutions offered by the present invention are especially valuable in border areas and sensitive zones to expeditiously detect /counter crime and those engaging in terrorist, insurgency and underground activity.

The instant invention is designed and scaled to be deployed as a national level programme, and facilitates efficient governance of all law enforcement agencies by jurisdictional authorities, significantly improves operational control of all facets of maintenance of law and order, administrative efficiency and provides stringent, real-time control to authorities at Range/Commissionerate, district, local and field/unit levels in a manner that preponderates all known practices in this behalf.

Following are the advantages, utility and practical benefits of the instant invention: 1. The instant invention provides a system and method for providing a comprehensive, homogenised, standardised, unified national level database of and operating IT platform for all law enforcement agencies throughout the country seamlessly interfaced yet distinctly independent, thereby assuring optimum operational efficiency inter se between such agencies; as well as control and utilisation of the said agencies by governmental authorities.

2. The instant invention also provides a methodology for Operations Management of Police Forces of a Country — whether as independent entities or as integrated / interfaced bodies - regardless of force size or diversity of geo-location, by providing a national level IT- platform to support multifarious intra- and inter-organisational functional needs with utmost efficiency, reliability and expediency.

3. The instant invention provides a methodology for seamless e-Governance of all central and state/UT police forces of a country, including all organisations and establishments adjunct to them and those coming under the ambit of the federal home ministry.

4. Methodology to create seamless interface between various law enforcement agencies for operational and administrative expediency.

5. Methodology of allocation of unique, harmonised, functionally valuable permanent Reference Number (1) for each Police Station in the country (2) for each FIR and (3) for electronic crime records of each crime registered and (4) for each Criminal (whether suspect, under-trial, or convicted) - with the composition (make-up of sub-elements) of each of said unique numbering systems being based on a proprietary method described in other sections of this document, the utility of which surpasses any known system of referencing in law enforcement agencies.

6. The instant invention provides a method of creation of electronic file for each registered criminal (or suspect) known as CRIMINALOG _® with distinct national level identifier number. 7. The instant invention provides a method of creation of electronic file for each registered crime known as eCriFile _® with distinct national level identifier number.

8. Multipurpose, multifunction solution with wide range of unique and seamless applications, linked to an exclusive central data repository of respective police forces of a country, providing police authorities extra-ordinary control on various matters relating to their operations, administration, data management and personnel management, this being facilitated by real-time exchange / transmission of crime data between law enforcement agencies, following stringent protocol in a secure environment that precludes data fraud or misuse.

9. The instant invention provides an unprecedented range of applications and functionalities, with all-encompassing Project Deployment as per Schematic furnished at Figure 1.

10. Special facility to port data from existing national/ provincial /police databases to new, comprehensive electronic database under respective segments and interfaced with reciprocal referencing.

11. The instant invention provides a concept of Police Station Management implemented on nationa wide basis basis and the methodology to control and oversee their operations.

12. The instant invention provides a methodology of generating multifarious high-utility statistical analyses, providing the means for improved planning, and qualitative and regulatory enhancements in administration and operations control.

13. Single operating platform permanently replaces all other forms / types of administrative practices, and thereby serves as the sole system for all applications, with uniform methodology, systems and operating practices across the country covering all law enforcement agencies and police forces.

14. The instant invention provides a method of capturing, storing and retrieving digital images of finger and palm prints of criminals including suspects in standardised format, classified by key features — including digitising and storing existing physical images of finger / palm prints held in the criminal record system of law enforcement agencies - with online matching capability across various electronic databases in different geo-locations, via strictly authorised user control procedures, application, functionality, tagging and indexing methodology, all being unique and criminal-centric, facilitating rapid online matching of sourced vs stored images in chosen electronic databases, and altogether eliminating identity mismatches/ mix-ups.

15. The instant invention provides an electronic portrait building system with unprecedented method of creating / capturing, storing and retrieving digital facial images of criminals including suspects in standardised format, classified by key features, with online matching capability across various electronic databases in different geo-locations, via strictly authorised user control procedures, application, functionality, tagging and indexing methodology all being unique and criminal-centric, facilitating rapid online matching of sourced vs stored images, and altogether eliminating identity mismatches/ mix-ups; including rapid generation of disguises and juxta- positioning of various optional modes of pseudo appearances, and the online transmission of such images to search parties, border control authorities and trans-regional law enforcement agencies.

16. Unprecedented method of classifying, tracking, analysing and resolving cybercrime in its multifarious forms, using a suite of modern IT tools.

17. Pioneering method of enterprise management of law enforcement agencies using modern IT platform, covering and seamlessly integrating all key operational functions such as administration, fleet management, financial management, accounting, budgeting, audit, publicity, media interface, stores, estate and asset management, HR and service matters, data management, MICS and statistical analyses and legal matters.

18. Methodology of maintenance of all crime records, administrative records and personnel records in electronic format (as opposed to paper records as currently used), assuring complete safety of stored information, restricted access and therefore complete confidentiality, facilitating access from any geolocation, retrieval with utmost ease and expediency, and speedy transmittal of required data across operational units.

19. Implementing method of web-based organisational management and operations control platform encompassing the entire law enforcement agency which imposes stringent working norms.

20. Facilitates affixation of electronic signature by authorised law enforcement officials in conjunction with personnel-specific 6-digit PIN for wide range of operational applications, in a fully secure environment.

21. Facilitates method of prison management interface using a modern electronic platform which provides seamless connectivity between prisons/ jails within a state and nationwide, rendering the current practice of maintaining paper based files and records redundant.