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Title:
A SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR INTELLIGENT ON/OFF OF A FLOW OF A SUBSTANCE THROUGH A PIPE FITTED WITH A VALVE
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2017/051297
Kind Code:
A1
Abstract:
A system for intelligent on/off of a flow of a substance such as fluid or gas or vacuum through a pipe fitted with a valve using timer circuit is disclosed. The system employs a housing structure consisting of a timer circuit, drive wheel, plurality of plates, shaft box, another box with spring and puller elements mounted under the pipe fitted with a valve that need to be turned on/off The method of shutting on/off of the valve is carried by the timer circuit when the pre-determined time intervals is reached.

Inventors:
MANDAN GOPAL SINGH (IN)
Application Number:
PCT/IB2016/055553
Publication Date:
March 30, 2017
Filing Date:
September 16, 2016
Export Citation:
Click for automatic bibliography generation   Help
Assignee:
MANDAN GOPAL SINGH (IN)
International Classes:
F17C13/04; G01M3/28
Foreign References:
US6837271B12005-01-04
US6164319A2000-12-26
US5004014A1991-04-02
Download PDF:
Claims:
A system allowing intelligent on/off of a flow of a fluid or a gas or vacuum through a pipe, comprises of:

a valve fitted to a pipe;

a housing structure consisting of plurality of elements assisting in intelligent on/off of a flow through a pipe includes:

a timer circuit activated to intelligently on and/or off the flow through a pipe after at pre- determined time intervals;

a driving wheel rotatbly coupled by the timer circuit with the help of a string;

a shaft box having a shaft, protruding from its center with a ring at one end of the shaft;

a lever provided with bends at its ends in opposite directions with each other arranged in between the said timer circuit and the shaft box;

a plurality of steel plates of different shapes mounted on the housing structure accommodating a plurality of elements through bolts;

a reliever supported on one of the steel plates dangling by bolting at its center;

a box accommodating a plurality of elements placed beneath the housing structure, includes:

a striker bolt pushed to switch on and/or off the valve fitted to the pipe;

a spring in which a tension is created;

a puller extends beyond the housing structure;

a stopper located on top surface of the puller kept in position by using the reliever; a means for connecting the housing structure to the box to form a triangular bed; and

a means for placing the pipe fitted with a valve on the top of the box. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized to mount the valve fitted to a pipe on top of the box accommodating a plurality of elements arranged beneath the housing structure.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the timer circuit connected to the drive wheel through a string rolled on to the hollow space provided on the drive wheel.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the shaft of the shaft box is placed above one end of the reliever.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized to attach the lever to one end of the shaft crowned with a ring on it and a spring is capped to the lower end of the shaft 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized to comprise a plurality of steel plates of different shapes include but not limited to:

an L-shaped plate; and

a steel prop plate on which the said L-shaped plate is mounted. 7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the L-shaped plate characterized to accommodate the lever and the shaft box and the reliever affixed to the steel prop plate using nuts and bolts.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized to pull the lever to release the shaft in downward direction resulting in the movement of the reliever.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the direction of the reliever is reversed to release the stopper placed on the puller.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized to create a tension in the spring to release the puller, wherein the reliever releases the stopper attaining the forward thrust of the striker bolt.

11. An intelligent switching method to regulate a flow of a substance such as fluid or gas or vacuum through a pipe, wherein the method comprises steps of:

fitting a valve to a pipe;

providing a housing structure consisting of plurality of elements assisting in intelligent switching to enable a flow through a pipe includes:

a timer circuit activated to switch the flow through a pipe after a pre-determined time;

a driving wheel capable of rotation by the timer circuit with a string connected to it;

a shaft box accommodating a shaft protruding from its center with a ring at one end of the shaft;

a lever provided with bends at its ends in opposite directions with each other arranged in between the timer circuit and the shaft box;

a plurality of steel plates of different shapes mounted on the housing structure accommodating a plurality of the elements through bolts;

a reliever supported on at least one of the plurality of steel plates dangling by bolting at its center;

providing a box accommodating a plurality of elements placed beneath the housing structure includes: a striker bolt pushed to on/off the said valve fitted to the pipe; a spring in which a tension is created;

a puller extends beyond the housing structure;

a stopper located on top surface of the puller kept in position by using the reliever;

connecting the housing structure to the box to form a triangular bed; and

placing the pipe fitted with a valve on the top of the box to leverage the intelligent switching to regulate the flow through a pipe.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized to mount the valve fitted to a pipe on the top of the box accommodating a plurality of elements arranged beneath the housing structure.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein pulling the lever to release the shaft in downward direction results in the movement of the reliever.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the direction of the reliever is reversed to release the stopper placed on the puller.

15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the tension in the spring that is created is used to release the puller, when the reliever releases the stopper attaining the forward thrust of the striker bolt.

Description:
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION

A SYSTEM AND A METHOD FOR INTELLIGENT ON/OFF OF A FLOW OF A SUBSTANCE THROUGH A PIPE FITTED WITH A VALVE

3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION

COMPLETE

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner which it is to be performed.

4. DESCRIPTION

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to a system for intelligent on/off of a flow of a substance through a pipe. More particularly the present invention relates to a method for intelligent on/off of flow of a substance such as fluid or gas or vacuum through a pipe fitted with a valve using timer circuit.

PRIOR ART OF THE INVENTION

Oftentimes, it is desired that the supply of fluid or gas through a pipe should be shut off completely when not in use to avoid leakage of the resource and to improve the safety to the consumers. Regulating the flow of fluid through a pipe is attained by using a valve fitted to it to control the flow of fluid or gas or vacuum. General valves of this kind sometimes do not provide complete shut off of flow leading to leakage and burst of the pipes arising situations for the improved systems.

Some of the existing solutions include, use of special electricity operated in-line valves to shut off supply of fluid which do not have manual operation in case of power failure. Another solution is to use a temperature sensitive water supply shut off using outside air temperature as the criteria to shut off the supply which do not operate accurately in the event of excess flow not related to temperature.

However, none of these prior art systems use a system for automatically on/off of a flow of water or gas a pipe. Therefore, there is a need to develop a system for intelligent on/off of a flow of a substance through a pipe fitted with a valve.

OBJECT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The following presents a simplified summary of the disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding to the reader. This summary is directed towards a system and a method providing intelligent on/off of the flow of substance such as fluid or gas or vacuum through a pipe fitted with a valve.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a system for intelligent on/off of flow of a substance through a pipe fitted with a valve.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a housing structure employing various elements operated in such a manner to shut off the valve fitted to a pipe. It is another object of the present invention to provide a timer circuit in the housing structure operates to shut off the valve fitted to the after a pre-determined time intervals.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a system allowing intelligent on/off of a flow of a fluid or a gas or vacuum through a pipe is disclosed. The system further comprises of a valve fitted to a pipe and a housing structure consisting of plurality of elements assisting in intelligent on/off of a flow through a pipe. In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, the elements of the housing structure includes a timer circuit activated to intelligently on and/or off the flow through a pipe after at pre-determined time intervals, a driving wheel rotatbly coupled by the timer circuit with the help of a string; a shaft box having a shaft and protruding from its center with a ring at one end of the shaft.

In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, the housing structure further includes elements as a lever provided with bends at its ends in opposite directions with each other arranged in between the timer circuit and the shaft box, a plurality of steel plates of different shapes mounted on the housing structure accommodating a plurality of elements through bolts and a reliever supported on one of the steel plates dangling by bolting at its center.

In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, the system further comprises of a box accommodating a plurality of elements placed beneath the housing structure including a striker bolt pushed to switch on and/or off the valve fitted to the pipe and a spring in which a tension is created.

In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, further the box also includes a puller extends beyond the housing structure and a stopper located on top surface of the puller kept in position by using the reliever.

In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the system further comprises a means for connecting the housing structure to the box to form a triangular bed and a means for placing the pipe fitted with a valve on the top of the box.

In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, the system characterized to mount the valve fitted to a pipe on top of the box accommodating a plurality of elements arranged beneath the housing structure.

In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the system with the timer circuit connected to the drive wheel through a string rolled on to the hollow space provided on the drive wheel. In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the shaft of the shaft box is placed above one end of the reliever.

In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, further the system characterized to attach the lever to one end of the shaft crowned with a ring on it and a spring is capped to the lower end of the shaft In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, further the system is characterized to comprise a plurality of steel plates of different shapes include but not limited to an L-shaped plate and a steel prop plate on which the L-shaped plate is mounted.

In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the L-shaped plate characterized to accommodate the lever and the shaft box and the reliever affixed to the steel prop plate using nuts and bolts.

In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, characterized to pull the lever to release the shaft in downward direction resulting in the movement of the reliever. In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the direction of the reliever is reversed to release the stopper placed on the puller.

In accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, the system further characterized to create a tension in the spring to release the puller, wherein the reliever releases the stopper attaining the forward thrust of the striker bolt.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for an intelligent switching method to regulate a flow of a substance such as fluid or gas or vacuum through a pipe is disclosed. The method further comprises steps of fitting a valve to a pipe and providing a housing structure consisting of plurality of elements assisting in intelligent switching to enable a flow through a pipe.

In accordance with the second aspect of the present invention, the housing structure includes timer circuit activated to intelligently on and/or off the flow through a pipe after at pre- determined time intervals, a driving wheel rotatbly coupled by the timer circuit with the help of a string and a shaft box having a shaft protruding from its center with a ring at one end of the shaft.

In accordance with the second aspect of the present invention, the housing structure also comprises of a lever provided with bends at its ends in opposite directions with each other arranged in between the timer circuit and the shaft box, a plurality of steel plates of different shapes mounted on the housing structure accommodating a plurality of elements through bolts and a reliever supported on one of the steel plates dangling by bolting at its center.

In accordance with the second aspect of the present invention, further the method comprises step of providing a box accommodating a plurality of elements placed beneath the housing structure including a striker bolt pushed to switch on and/or off the valve fitted to the pipe, a spring in which a tension is created, a puller extends beyond the housing structure and a stopper located on top surface of the puller kept in position by using the reliever

In accordance with the second aspect of the present invention, wherein the method comprises step of connecting the housing structure to the box to form a triangular bed and a means for placing the pipe fitted with a valve on the top of the box.

In accordance with the second aspect of the present invention, wherein the method characterized to mount the valve fitted to a pipe on top of the box accommodating a plurality of elements arranged beneath the housing structure.

In accordance with the second aspect of the present invention, wherein the method pulls the lever to release the shaft in downward direction results in the movement of the reliever. In accordance with the second aspect of the present invention, wherein the direction of the reliever is reversed to release the stopper placed on the puller.

In accordance with the second aspect of the present invention, the method wherein the tension in the spring that is created is used to release the puller, when the reliever releases the stopper attaining the forward thrust of the striker bolt.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals have been used to designate like elements, and wherein

FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of the working model of the housing structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the box placed beneath the housing structure according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a line view of the overall shape of the system according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of the pipe fitted with a valve according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of shape of steel prop plate according to the present invention.

FIG.6 is an elevation depicting the shape of reliever of the system according the present invention. FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of a shaft box connected to the lever according to the present invention. FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of a timer circuit connected to a driving wheel according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a live view of the lever according to the present invention. FIG. 10 is an L-shaped plate in different views according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of the timer circuit connected to the shaft box according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed towards an intelligent on/off of a flow of a substance through a pipe fitted with a valve. Referring to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding parts of the present invention are described.

The use of "including", "comprising" or "having" and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. The terms "a" and "an" herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item. Further, the use of terms "first", "second", and "third", and the like, herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a system allowing intelligent on/off of a flow of a fluid or a gas or vacuum through a pipe is disclosed. The system further comprises of a valve fitted to a pipe and a housing structure consisting of plurality of elements assisting in intelligent on/off of a flow through a pipe. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the elements of the housing structure includes a timer circuit activated to intelligently on and/or off the flow through a pipe after a pre-determined time intervals, a driving wheel rotatbly coupled by the timer circuit with the help of a string; a shaft box having a shaft and protruding from its center with a ring at one end of the shaft.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the housing structure further includes elements as a lever provided with bends at its ends in opposite directions with each other arranged in between the timer circuit and the shaft box, a plurality of steel plates of different shapes mounted on the housing structure accommodating a plurality of elements through bolts and a reliever supported on one of the steel plates dangling by bolting at its center.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the system further comprises of a box accommodating a plurality of elements placed beneath the housing structure including a striker bolt pushed to switch on and/or off the valve fitted to the pipe and a spring in which a tension is created.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, further the box also includes a puller extends beyond the housing structure and a stopper located on top surface of the puller kept in position by using the reliever.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the system further comprises a means for connecting the housing structure to the box to form a triangular bed and a means for placing the pipe fitted with a valve on the top of the box. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the system characterized to mount the valve fitted to a pipe on top of the box accommodating a plurality of elements arranged beneath the housing structure.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the system with the timer circuit connected to the drive wheel through a string rolled on to the hollow space provided on the drive wheel. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the shaft of the shaft box is placed above one end of the reliever.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, further the system characterized to attach the lever to one end of the shaft crowned with a ring on it and a spring is capped to the lower end of the shaft

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, further the system is characterized to comprise a plurality of steel plates of different shapes include but not limited to an L-shaped plate and a steel prop plate on which the L- shaped plate is mounted.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the L- shaped plate characterized to accommodate the lever and the shaft box and the reliever affixed to the steel prop plate using nuts and bolts.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, characterized to pull the lever to release the shaft in downward direction resulting in the movement of the reliever. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the direction of the reliever is reversed to release the stopper placed on the puller.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the system further characterized to create a tension in the spring to release the puller, wherein the reliever releases the stopper attaining the forward thrust of the striker bolt.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method for an intelligent switching method to regulate a flow of a substance such as fluid or gas or vacuum through a pipe is disclosed. The method further comprises steps of fitting a valve to a pipe and providing a housing structure consisting of plurality of elements assisting in intelligent switching to enable a flow through a pipe.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the housing structure includes timer circuit activated to intelligently on and/or off the flow through a pipe after a pre-determined time intervals, a driving wheel rotatbly coupled by the timer circuit with the help of a string and a shaft box having a shaft protruding from its center with a ring at one end of the shaft. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the housing structure also comprises of a lever provided with bends at its ends in opposite directions with each other arranged in between the timer circuit and the shaft box, a plurality of steel plates of different shapes mounted on the housing structure accommodating a plurality of elements through bolts and a reliever supported on one of the steel plates dangling by bolting at its center.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, further the method comprises step of providing a box accommodating a plurality of elements placed beneath the housing structure including a striker bolt pushed to switch on and/or off the valve fitted to the pipe, a spring in which a tension is created, a puller extends beyond the housing structure and a stopper located on top surface of the puller kept in position by using the reliever

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the method comprises step of connecting the housing structure to the box to form a triangular bed and a means for placing the pipe fitted with a valve on the top of the box.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the method characterized to mount the valve fitted to a pipe on top of the box accommodating a plurality of elements arranged beneath the housing structure.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the method pulls the lever to release the shaft in downward direction results in the movement of the reliever.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the direction of the reliever is reversed to release the stopper placed on the puller. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method wherein the tension in the spring that is created is used to release the puller, when the reliever releases the stopper attaining the forward thrust of the striker bolt.

For ease of understanding the invention and clarity a 'timed circuit' is referred to herein as a 'timer' and a 'housing structure' is referred to herein as a 'housing in the following description with reference to the drawings.

Referring now to FIG. 1 depicting a cross sectional view of the system 100 provided with a pipe 126 fitted with a valve 104 according to the present invention. This pipe 126 with a valve 104 is placed on the top of the box 106 mounted beneath the housing 102. The housing 102 consists of plurality of elements for intelligent or automatic on/off of the flow of substance such as fluid or gas or vacuum through a pipe 126 fitted with a valve 104. This housing 102 is a V-shaped structure mounted on the top of the box 106 accommodated with plurality of elements.

At the periphery of the bottom right of the box 106 consists of a steel prop plate 118 attached to it comprising a plurality of holes 122, 126 for accommodating a reliever 108 and an L-plate 120 on which a shaft box 110 and a lever 112 is connected. The reliever 108 is mounted in such a way that it dangles on the steel plate to and forth by bolting at its center. A stopper 106c is located on the top of a puller 106d of the box 106 to press itself against the reliever 108 to create a tension in the spring 106b. The reliever 108 is used to hold and release the stopper 106c mounted on the box 106 also provided with a striker bolt 106a. A shaft box 110 with a shaft 110a protruding from its center provided with a ring at one end of it and the other of the shaft 110a is capped with a spring placed on top of the reliever 108 which are mounted on a L-plate 120. To the one end of the shaft 110a provided with a ring the lever 112 is connected at one end and the other end is connected to a driving wheel 114 through a string 124. The string 124 is capable of rolling on to the hollow space provided at the center of the driving wheel 114. Below the driving wheel 114 there is placed a timer 116 through a rod connecting both the timer 116 and the driving wheel 114.

When there is a flow of any substance such a fluid or gas or vacuum through the pipe 126, the puller 106d of the box 106 is pulled to the rear end in such a way to allow the striker bolt 106a to move to the rear end beyond the valve 104 fitted to the pipe 126.

The stopper 106c mounted on the top of the puller 106d moves back and presses itself against the reliever 108 by creating a tension in the spring 106b placed in the box 106.

The other end of the reliever 108 is placed just below the shaft 110a of the shaft box 110. At the start of the flow through pipe, the timer 116 start to count time. When the pre- determined time is reached the timer 1 16 drives the driving wheel 114 to accommodate the string 124 in the hollow space provided at the center of the driving wheel 114 to create a tension in the string 124 connected to the lever 112 which is further connected to the shaft 110a of the shaft box 110. Once the lever 112 is pulled making the shaft 110a of the shaft box 1 10 to move in the downwards direction further reversing the direction of the reliever 108resulting in the release of the stopper 106c of the box 106. In continuation, the striker bolt 106a thrusts in forward direction to hit the valve 104 fitted to the pipe 126 to shut off completely.

The reliever 108 consists of inclined bends at its end in opposite direction with each other to mount with the L-plate 120 and to hold or release the stopper 106c. The lever 112 consists of bends on both the ends in opposite direction to connect with string 124 at one end and to connect to the shaft 110a of the shaft box 110 at the other end. The L-plate 120 is mounted to the steel prop plate through nuts and bolts. The housing 102 is mounted on the top of the box 106 to from the overall structure in a triangular shape.

FIG. 2 illustrates the cross sectional view 200 of the box 206 consisting of a spring 206b, attached to a puller 206d by creating tension in the spring 206b when the puller 206d is moved to the rear end. A stopper 206c is placed on top surface of the puller 106d. A striker bolt 206a is also mounted in the box 206 for the forward thrust of the valve fitted to the pipe as shown in the FIG. 4.

Now referring to FIG. 3 illustrates a line view of the shape of overall structure 300 according to the present invention in triangular shape with a housing 302.

FIG. 4 depicts the cross sectional view 400 of mounting of a valve 404 fitted to the pipe 426 through which flow of a substance such as fluid or gas or vacuum is allowed to flow. FIG. 5 depicting the line view 500 of the steel prop plate 518 with uneven shape provided with a plurality of holes 522 used for mounting the reliever and L-plate as shown in the FIG. 1. FIG. 6 illustrates an elevation view 600 of a reliever 608 placed on the steel prop plate as shown in the FIG. 5 with nuts and bolts at 626 capable of dangling to move to and forth having inclined bends at both the ends.

FIG. 7 depicting a cross sectional view 700 of the arrangement of shaft box 710 with a lever 712. The shaft 710a is mounted at the center of the shaft box 710 with one end having a circular ring into which a lever 712 is crowned and the other end of the shaft 710a is capped with a spring to create a tension in it when the lever 712 is pulled by the timer as shown in the FIG. 1. The shaft box 710 and the lever 712 are mounted on the L-plate 720.

FIG. 8 depicts the view 800 of mounting the timer 816 to the driving wheel 814 through a rod and the driving wheel 814 provided with a hollow space at its center accommodating a string in it when the timer 816 operates. FIG. 9 illustrating the shape 600 of the lever 612 provided with bends at both of its ends where one end connected to a string of the driving wheel and the other end is crowned in the ring of the shaft placed in the shaft box.

FIG. 10 depicting the perpendicular view 1020a and parallel view 1020b of the L-pate 1000.

FIG. 11 depicting the cross sectional view 1100 view of the mounting the lever with the shaft box to the driving wheel. The shaft box 1110 mounted with a shaft 1110a at its center having a circular ring at one end and other end is capped with a spring. The lever 1112 is crowned at the ring of the shaft 1110a and is connected on the L-plate 1120 with nuts and bolts at its middle. The other end of the lever 1112 is connected to the string 1124 of the driving wheel 1114 to roll on at its center driven by the timer 1116 when the pre- determined timed is reached. In this respect, it is to be understood that the embodiments in this application are not limited to the details of the methods and systems for operating the intelligent on/off of the valve fitted to the pipe. The embodiments are capable of being practiced and carried out in various ways. As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception, upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the embodiments described in this application.

Additional benefits and advantages of the present embodiments will become apparent in those skilled in the art to which the embodiments relate from the description of the preferred embodiment and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such systems and methods insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments described herein.