SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING PRODUCTS RECOVERED FOR REUSE TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates in general to the production of rubber mixtures and of vehicle tyres produced therefrom. More particularly, the invention relates to the processing and the management of the loading and reloading of pallets with containers of products recovered for reuse as feedstock products in a mixing cycle.

CONTEXT

In the field of tyre manufacture, there are a number of machines that produce semi finished products. The products produced by these machines are made up of at least two rubber mixtures having different properties (referred to hereinafter as“complexed products”). The machines perform various processes, including extrusion processes, assembly processes and stripping processes, in which some of what is manufactured cannot be used directly in the creation of a tyre (for example, during a change in size, a start-up, etc.). During start-ups, stoppages, changes in size and other known steps, it is

commonplace for these machines to generate products that are not used downstream (for example, on the assembly machines). Likewise, on these machines for assembling tyres using the complexed products produced beforehand (for example, machines known by the trade name VMI MAXX™), products used by these machines cannot be put to use immediately on the production line. For example, the dimensional tolerances have not been met.

The complexed products that are not used as-is, but that can be recovered for reuse after treatment (referred to hereinafter as“products recovered for reuse” or“recovered products”), are usually stored without any special consideration. Reference is made to Figure 1 that shows an example of a usual format in which strips of complexed products are arranged in piles with no regard to the properties of the different complexed products. The complexed products, having different properties that are not precisely known, are neither packaged nor identified nor weighed nor managed. Thus, complexed products of various natures and various origins may find themselves in the same pile, on adjacent pallets, and even on the same pallet. This type of storage does not allow management of properties of the complexed products obtained within a pallet.

The present invention relates to the at-source processing of products recovered for reuse to allow handling to be fully automated. The products recovered for reuse originating from different processes are packaged in containers and managed with pallets of containers of products recovered for reuse to facilitate their processing, their identification and their storage. The products recovered for reuse are therefore always available for use in rubber mixtures.

SUMMARY

The invention relates to a system for processing products recovered for reuse from at least one complexed product manufacturing system of a tire production installation. The system includes one or more containers filled with corresponding products recovered for reuse, each container containing only one recovered product at a time. The system also includes one or more pallets upon which the containers are aligned and stacked, each pallet having a generally rectangular geometry.

Each container includes a pair of opposite long sides, each long side having an interior surface and an exterior surface that coincide with an upper edge and a lower edge of the long side. Each container also includes a pair of opposite short sides, each short side having an interior surface and an exterior surface that coincide with an upper edge and a lower edge of the short side. A bottom is assembled along the lower edges, the bottom having an interior surface, an exterior surface, and several orifices that are aligned along the length of the bottom of the container. The interior surfaces of the long sides, the interior surfaces of the short sides and the interior surface of the bottom together form a volume to receive a specific product recovered for reuse.

In certain embodiments, each container also includes a support that extends along the lower edge of each long side and at the base of the bottom. Each support has one or more legs that are offset by a predetermined angle from an edge on the bottom of one side of the support so as to create a shoulder with a predetermined radius. A ledge with a predetermined radius extends along the upper edge of each short side.

Each pallet includes two opposite horizontal sides separated by a predetermined distance that corresponds to the width of the container, each horizontal side having an upper surface from which a ridge of predetermined height extends. Each ridge terminates in a bearing surface. Each pallet also includes two opposite vertical sides separated by a predetermined distance that corresponds to the length of the container, each vertical side having an upper surface from which a berm of predetermined height extends. Each berm terminates in a bearing surface. The height of each ridge is equal to the height of each berm. In certain embodiments, each pallet also includes at least one crosspiece arranged between the horizontal sides and spaced apart from one another and with respect to each vertical side by a predetermined distance that corresponds to the width of the container, each crosspiece having an upper surface. An additional crosspiece is arranged parallel to the horizontal sides and arranged at right angles with respect to the vertical sides. The vertical sides and the additional crosspiece are arranged in a same plane, such that the bearing surface of each berm and the upper surface of each crosspiece engages a corresponding shoulder.

In certain embodiments, the system includes two or more stacked containers such that an outer surface of the support of a container above is adjacent to the inner surface of the longer side of a container below. In such embodiments, the flange engages the shoulder beside the radius.

In certain embodiments, in a transverse direction, an approach clearance is defined between an end of the support of a container above and an end of the long side of a container below, and a positioning clearance is defined between a portion of the support, adjacent to the radius l6a, of the container above, and an adjacent portion of the inner surface of the longer side of the container below. In a longitudinal direction, an approach clearance is defined between the lower edge of the short side of the container above and the inner surface of the short side of the flange of the container below, and a positioning clearance is defined between the outer surface of the short side of the container above, and the inner surface of the short side of the container below.

In certain embodiments, multiple containers are stacked such that the bearing surface of each berm engages a shoulder of a container; each crosspiece engages another shoulder of a corresponding container that is not yet engaged by a berm; and each crosspiece engages the two shoulders of a container that is not yet engaged. In certain such embodiments, in a transverse direction, an approach clearance is defined between one end of the foot and an inner edge of the berm, and a positioning clearance is defined between the support of a container engaged by a berm and the pallet. In a longitudinal direction, an approach clearance is defined between an inner edge of the ridge and the lower edge of the short side of each container.

In certain embodiments, the system includes an identification and gripping system having an identification and gripping means that works with an automated handling device. In certain such embodiments, the automated handling device includes a gripper having a longitudinal arm of predetermined length defined by two opposite ends; a vertical arm that extends from each end and incorporates an automated reader; and an element that extends from a free end at the bottom of the vertical arm and into which the automated reader is incorporated.

In certain embodiments, the identification and gripping means of the identification and gripping system includes a tag incorporated into the exterior surface of each short side of the container that allows the container to be identified by the corresponding reader positioned on the gripper. The identification and gripping means also includes a system of corresponding recesses and projections, with the recesses incorporated into the exterior surface of each short side of the container and the projections being incorporated into the element of the gripper, such that the identification and gripping system allows the container to be suitably positioned by aligning a projection in a corresponding recess. In certain such embodiments, the reader is an RFID reader and the tag is an RFID tag.

In certain embodiments, the system includes a storage system for the storage of products recovered for reuse, in which system containers full of products recovered for reuse are identified and stored according to their natures, the properties of which are known. In certain such embodiments, the system for the storage of products recovered for reuse includes an automated storage system.

In certain embodiments, the system also includes an identification means for harmonizing the identification of a pallet with the identification of the containers stored on the pallet.

Further aspects of the invention will become obvious from the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The nature and various advantages of the invention will become more evident from reading the detailed description that follows, and from studying the attached drawings, in which the same reference numerals denote identical parts throughout, and in which:

Figure 1 represents a known format of the complexed products originating from at least one manufacturing system.

Figure 2 represents a top view, and Figure 3 represents a perspective view, of a container intended to receive a corresponding product recovered for reuse.

Figure 4 represents a cross-sectional view, and Figure 5 represents a partial view, of a pair of containers of Figures 2 and 3 stacked one on top of another. Figure 6 represents a longitudinal sectional view, and Figure 7 represents a partial view, of the stacked containers of Figures 4 and 5.

Figure 8 represents a perspective view of a gripper used with the container of Figures 2 and 3.

Figure 9 represents a partial view of the gripper of Figure 8.

Figure 10 represents a partial view of the gripper of Figures 8 and 9 during engagement with the container of Figures 2 and 3.

Figure 11 represents a perspective view of the gripper of Figures 8 and 9 during transfer of the container of Figures 2 and 3.

Figure 12 represents a schematic view of the centring of an identification and gripping means for transferring the container of Figures 2 and 3.

Figure 13 represents a perspective view of several containers stacked on a pallet.

Figure 14 represents a perspective view of one embodiment of the pallet of Figure 13.

Figure 15 represents a cross-sectional view, and Figure 16 represents a partial view, of the pallet of Figure 14 with containers of Figures 2 and 3 stacked thereon.

Figure 17 represents a longitudinal sectional view, and Figure 18 represents a partial view, of the pallet and the stacked containers of Figures 15 and 16.

Figure 19 represents a partial perspective view of a container system with a stacking device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring now to the figures, in which the same numerals identify identical elements, the invention is directed to a system of processing products recovered for reuse originating from at least one complexed-product manufacturing system. The system includes one or more containers 10 filled with recovered products. The system also includes one or more pallets 40 upon which the containers are aligned and stacked.

Figures 2 and 3 show one example of a container (or“bucket”) 10 in which a corresponding recovered product is stored for reuse. The unused complexed products are identified into various kinds and various grades, and each kind and each grade designates a specific complexed product, the properties of which are known. In order to ensure a product recovered for reuse that has controlled properties, there are various natures of complexed products that will be used in rubber mixtures that are used later in a mixing process. In the description, the various kinds, grades, batches of complexed products will be designated by the term“nature” of complexed product.

Each product recovered for reuse is stored in a corresponding container 10, and each container contains only one single type of recovered product at any one time. The filling of each container 10 is performed in such a way that its volume is more or less constant. In order to control the specific properties of a planned mixture, each product recovered for reuse is placed in a corresponding container 10 that is designated to receive it. The container 10 and its contents (namely, a product recovered for reuse having known properties) are identified, known and managed by virtue of an identification means incorporated into the container 10. Identification of the container 10 is performed either manually (for example, using at least one visual and/or tactile identifier) or automatically (for example using numerals, codes, RFID identifications, hypertext links or equivalent means). The invention is described in relation to an RFID identification incorporated into the container 10, but it is understood that other equivalent means of identification can be used.

Referring again to Figures 2 and 3, each container 10 comes with a pair of opposite long sides lOa, and each long side has an interior surface lOa’ and an exterior surface lOa” that coincide with an upper edge lOaa and a lower edge lOab of the long side. Each container 10 also comes with a pair of opposite short sides lOb, and each short side has an interior surface lOb’ and an exterior surface lOb” that coincide with an upper edge lOba and a lower edge lObb of the short side. A perimeter is formed by the lower edges lOab, lObb, along which a bottom lOc is assembled. The bottom lOc has an interior surface lOc’ that receives the complexed products (that become the products recovered for reuse as described hereinbelow) and an exterior surface lOc”. Several orifices lOd are aligned along the length of the bottom lOc of the container 10. The interior surfaces lOa’ of the long sides lOa, the interior surfaces lOb’ of the short sides lOb and the interior surface lOc’ of the bottom lOc together form a volume to receive a specific product recovered for reuse.

In one embodiment of the container 10, the interior surface lOa’ of each long side lOa is inclined with respect to the bottom lOc (for example, by an angle of up to 5°) in order to ensure release of the product recovered for reuse from the full container. An optional non-stick coating may be applied to the interior surfaces lOa’, lOb’, lOc’ in order to facilitate extraction of the complexed product from the corresponding container.

Referring once again to Figures 2 and 3 and also to Figures 4 to 7, each container 10 includes a support 12 that extends along the lower edge lOab of each long side lOa and at the base of the bottom lOc. The support 12 may be integral with the container 10 or it may be provided as a separate element that can be added to the container. Each support 12 includes one or more legs 14 that render the container 10 stackable on a pallet (see Figures

13 and 15 to 18) and/or on itself (see Figures 4 to 7 and Figure 13). The legs 14 are offset by a predetermined angle Q from an edge l2a on the bottom of one side l2b of the support 12 to create a shoulder 16 with a predetermined radius l6a. In one embodiment, each leg

14 makes an angle of around 3° with the corresponding edge, in order to correctly position the container with respect to a corresponding pallet (as described hereinbelow). The shoulder 16 engages the upper edge lOaa of a long side lOa of a container 10 below, and allows several containers 10 to be stacked (for example, as shown in Figures 4 to 7 and in Figure 13). In the embodiment shown, two legs 14 extend at the bottom of the shoulder 16, but it must be understood that the legs may be replaced by one or more legs or by one or more equivalent elements.

Referring once again to Figure 2 and also to Figures 4 to 7, a ledge 18 with a predetermined radius l8a extends along the upper edge lOba of each short side lOb. This ledge 18 engages the lower edge lObb of a short side lOb of another container 10, and allows several containers 10 to be stacked (for example, as shown in Figures 4 to 7 and in Figure 13). It must be appreciated that a corresponding structure, or an equivalent structure (such as one or more tabs), may be used in place of the ledge 18. The ledge 18, or a corresponding structure, may be used in combination with the legs 14 to align and correctly position several stacked containers.

Correct mutual positioning of the stacked containers is achieved via female faces and male faces at different angles. With reference to Figures 4 and 5, a pair of containers 10 are stacked in such a way that an exterior surface l2a of the support 12 of the container on top is adjacent to the interior surface lOa’ of the long side lOa of the container underneath. The ledge 18 engages the shoulder 16 adjacent its radius l6a. In a transverse direction, it can be seen that an approach clearance JACT is defined between one end 12c of the support 12 of the container on top and one end lOx of the long side lOa of the container underneath. In one embodiment, this approach clearance is approximately 5 mm. This approach clearance allows a good positioning clearance JPCT defined between one part of the support 12, next to the radius l6a, and an adjacent part of the interior surface lOa' of the long side lOa of the container underneath. In one embodiment, this positioning clearance is around 2 mm.

With reference to Figures 6 and 7, the ledge 18 also fits over the shoulder 16. In a longitudinal direction, an approach clearance JACL is defined between the lower edge lObb of the short side lOb of the container on top and the interior surface lOb’ of the short side lOb of the ledge 18 of the container underneath. In one embodiment, this approach clearance is approximately 10 mm. This approach clearance allows a good positioning clearance JPCL defined between the exterior surface lOb” of the short side lOb of the container 10 on top and the interior surface lOb' of the short side lOb of the container underneath. In one embodiment, this positioning clearance is around 1 mm.

In each direction (transverse and longitudinal), the ledges 18 facilitate the guidance of the container while it is being stacked with other similar containers. It is for that reason that the approach clearance and the positioning clearance in the two directions are always maintained, thus ensuring that the stacked containers are aligned (for example, as shown in Figure 13).

In one embodiment of the container 10, each short side lOb also includes an optional handle 10P that extends from the upper edge lOba and on the outside of the ledge 18. The handle 10P allows the container 10 to be handled either automatically or manually.

Referring once again to Figures 2 and 3 and also to Figures 8 to 12, the exterior surface lOb” of each short side lOb of the container 10 has an identification and gripping means that works in concert with an automated handling device. In this embodiment, the automated handling device is a gripper 22 that may be incorporated into a robot or some other device as known by those skilled in the art. The gripper 22 includes a longitudinal arm 24 having a predetermined length defined by two opposite ends 24a. In some embodiments, this length is adjustable. A vertical arm 26 extends from each end and includes an RFID reader 28 that is incorporated into an element 26a that extends at the bottom of the vertical arm. The element 26a extends from a free end at the bottom of the vertical arm 26 at which end there are positioned a square projection Sc and a triangular projection ST. In some embodiments, the vertical arms 26 may be adjustable (for example using an electric actuating cylinder 29 as shown in Figure 8).

The identification and gripping means includes an RFID tag 31 , positioned on the exterior surface lOb” of the short side lOb of the container 10. The RFID tag 31 allows the corresponding RFID reader 28 positioned on the gripper 22 to identify the container 10. The identification and gripping means also includes a gripping system having a system of corresponding recesses and projections so that the identification and gripping system allows the container 10 to be suitably positioned by aligning a projection in a

corresponding recess. The recesses include a square recess Rc and a triangular recess RT built into the exterior surface of each short side lOb of the container 10. The projections include the square projection Sc and the triangular projection S _T on the gripper 22 (see Figure 9). It is understood that the geometry of the recesses and of the projections is not restricted to squares and triangles.

With reference to Figures 10 and 11, during a transfer sequence, each RFID reader 28 is aligned with a corresponding RFID tag 31 (see Figure 10) so that the RFID reader can recognize a container 10 that is intended for transfer (for example, by identifying a container filled with products recovered for reuse that have specific properties so that it can be transferred onto a pallet). When the RFID reader 28 of the gripper 22 detects the RFID tag 31 of the container 10, the RFID reader 28 indicates the presence of the container and also the correct position thereof in the gripper. By recognizing the container, the RFID reader 28 identifies the correct container in order to ensure that the correct products recovered for reuse are properly transferred. The transfer sequence may be carried out by a known robot 37 that may render the container mobile and rotatable (for example in the anticlockwise direction as indicated by the arrow in Figure 11).

When the RFID reader 28 is aligned with the corresponding RFID tag 31 , the projections Sc, S _T of the gripper 22 are also aligned with the respective recesses Rc, R _T of the container 10. As a result, the gripper 22 can handle and transfer the container 10 (for example, during a process of transferring the container). With reference to Figure 12, this figure depicts a schematic view of the triangular projection S _T of the gripper 22 in the working position inside the triangular recess R _T of the container 10 (performed, for example, during a transfer of the container 10 by the gripper 22). If the triangular projection S _T is not aligned with the triangular recess R _T , the triangular projection is still guided towards a position of alignment with the triangular recess. As a result, whatever the status (full or empty) of the container, and even if the container is not perfectly aligned (for example, on a pallet), the system of recesses and of projections allows the container 10 to be suitably positioned by the aligning of the projection in the corresponding recess.

The configuration of the container 10 and the corresponding configuration of the gripper 22 also ensure suitable positioning of the container on a pallet. In the case of pallets completely full of (full or empty) containers (or“complete pallets”), and also in the case of pallets that are not completely full of containers (or“incomplete pallets”), it is necessary to ensure suitable positioning of each container on the relevant pallet. The legs 14 of the container 10 make the container stackable on a pallet or on itself, and the identification and gripping means of the container 10 ensures suitable positioning (for example, ensuring vertical and horizontal alignment of containers with respect to one another and of containers with respect to the pallets).

Referring also to Figure 13, it is planned for the described containers (full or empty) to be aligned and stacked on a pallet (for example, during a process of

automatically making up pallets having containers filled with products recovered for reuse, identified according to a current production plan). Referring also to Figure 14, one example of a pallet 40 is given, upon which pallet the containers 10 (full or empty) are aligned and stacked. It is understood that the pallet used with the containers may be selected from any equivalent and/or known pallet embodiment.

The pallet 40 includes a frame 42 that is designed to carry containers 10. The frame 42 has a generally rectangular geometry. There are two opposite horizontal sides 42h separated by a predetermined distance that corresponds to the length L of at least one container 10 (see Figure 6). There are two opposite vertical sides 42V separated by a predetermined distance that corresponds to the width / of the container 10 (see Figure 4). The horizontal sides 42h and the vertical sides 42V are integrated so that the frame 42 is provided as one-piece. In the embodiment of Figure 14, the pallet 40 is capable of storing and transporting up to nine containers l0(full or empty)(see Figure 13).

Referring again to Figure 14, one or more crosspieces 44 are arranged between the horizontal sides 42h and are spaced apart from one another and with respect to each vertical side 42V by a predetermined distance that corresponds to the width / of the container 10. Each crosspiece 44 includes an upper surface 44a that allows the centring of the lower edge lOab of the long side lOa of the container 10. To stiffen the pallet 40, an additional crosspiece 46 is provided, generally mid-way along the width of the crosspieces 44. The additional crosspiece 46 is arranged parallel to the horizontal sides 42h, and this crosspiece is arranged at right angles to the vertical sides 42V. The vertical sides 42V and the additional crosspiece 46 are arranged in the one same plane so as to allow a known device (for example a commercially available forklift) to engage on the pallet 40.

Each horizontal side 42h includes an upper surface 42h’ from which a ridge 42R of predetermined height extends. Each ridge ends in a bearing surface 42R’. Each vertical side 42V also includes an upper surface 42V’ from which a berm 42B (or equivalent) of predetermined height extends. Each berm ends in a bearing surface 42B’. The height of each ridge 42R is equal to the height of each berm 42B so that the bearing surfaces 42R’, 42B’ align the containers 10 on the pallet. The ridge 42R of each horizontal side 42h allows the engagement of the support 12 and, more particularly, of the shoulder 16 of the container 10. The berm 42B of each vertical side 42V allows the engagement of the exterior surface lOc” of the bottom lOc next to the lower edge lObb of the short side lOb of a container 10. In this embodiment, the legs 14 of each container 10 engage along the ridges 42R and the crosspieces 44.

With reference to Figures 15 to 18, correct positioning between the pallet 40 and stacked containers 10 A, 10B, 10C is achieved by means of male faces at different angles on the two axes. The containers are stacked in such a way that the berm 42B of each vertical side 42V, and particularly the bearing surface 42B’ of each berm, engages a shoulder 16 of a container 10A, 10C. Each crosspiece 44 engages the shoulder 16 of a corresponding container 10A, 10C that has not yet been engaged by a berm. Each crosspiece 44 also engages the two shoulders 16 of the container 10B. In a transverse direction (see Figures 15 and 16), it can be seen that an approach clearance JAPT is defined between one end 14c of the leg 14 and an interior edge 42Ba of the berm 42B. In one embodiment, this approach clearance is approximately 4 mm. This approach clearance allows a good positioning clearance JPPT defined between the support 12 of a container 10, 10C and the pallet 40. In one embodiment, this positioning clearance is around 1 mm.

In a longitudinal direction (see Figures 17 and 18), an approach clearance JAPL is defined between an interior edge 42Ra of the ridge 42R and the lower edge lObb of the short side lOb of each container. In one embodiment, this approach clearance is

approximately 8 mm. This approach clearance allows a good positioning clearance JPPL defined between the interior edge 42Ra of the ridge 42R and the shoulder 16 of each container. In one embodiment, this positioning clearance is approximately 1 mm. In each direction (transverse and longitudinal), the ridges 42R and the berms 42B facilitate the guidance of the container 10 while it is being stacked with other containers. It is for that reason that the approach clearance and the positioning clearance in the two directions are always maintained, thus ensuring that the stacked containers are aligned with respect to the pallet.

Referring to Figure 19, the recovered products are stored in a container-storage system (or“container system”) 250 in which the unused complexed products originating from at least one manufacturing system are stored in corresponding containers 10. These products have been deemed usable during a tyre manufacturing cycle. Each nature of complexed product has specific properties that can be controlled in order to obtain the products recovered for reuse. The products recovered for reuse arrive at the management system 200 from the system for the storage of products recovered for reuse having already been designated, according to their nature, for re-incorporation into a rubber mixture. It is understood that the container system 250 may accommodate complexed products coming from one, two or several systems and/or machines from which at least a portion of what is produced cannot be exploited directly. The system can record the arrival time (the day, the hour, etc.) of each container 10 in order to permit the management of the duration during which each container is stored in the container system 250.

In one embodiment, the container system 250 may include a storage means that is chosen from automatic means (for example automatic systems and their equivalents or known manual means). As described, the invention refers to a storage means 252 that is an automated storage system (for example an“automatic storage and retrieval” system or “ASRS”). During storage in the container system 250, the complexed products are deemed usable (or“recovered for reuse”) for at least one tyre manufacturing campaign. At the moment the complexed products arrive in the storage means, the system 100 render these recovered products available to satisfy a production plan. What is meant in the invention by“campaign” is the duration of operation of an internal mixer, or of a mixing plant, using the same recipe.

The containers 10 full of complexed products are identified and stored in the storage means 252. At the moment the complexed products arrive in the storage means, the system 100 render these recovered products available to satisfy a production plan.

The storage means 252 may include a robot (or equivalent device) capable of selectively placing and removing at least one container 10 relative to the container system 250. The selective placement and removal are performed on a prediction of products recovered for reuse that is intended for a generated production plan containing one or more given campaigns. The robot, which is selected from among the robots commercially available, is depicted as being a stacking device 255 with a shuttle 255 a, that operates on rails inside the storage means 252. Of course, the stacking device 255 may be replaced with an equivalent device known to those skilled in the art. The stacking device 255 positions and retrieves the containers according to at least one production plan generated to satisfy an ongoing production plan and forthcoming production plans.

The containers 10 and the pallets 40 are useful in several systems, including systems for mixing rubber. An example of a system in which the containers and the pallets could be used is a management system as disclosed by co-owned application 18/50060 filed 5 January 2018.

For all embodiments, a system can be put in place to ensure the repeatability of the filling and refilling of each container and the correct stacking of each pallet. Verification can be carried out by a known means, including a viewing system that may be manual or automated (for example, with one or more cameras in communication with the PLC). The PLC is configured to control the natures of the stored recovered products against the chosen rubber mixture recipe, in terms of weight required and in the prescribed tolerance. The conformity of the properties of the mixture during the course of each campaign is thus respected.

The terms“at least one” and“one or more” are used interchangeably. The ranges given as lying“between a and b” encompass the values of“a” and“b”.

Although particular embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various changes, additions and modifications can be made without departing from either the spirit or scope of the present description.

Therefore, no limitation should be imposed on the scope of the invention described, apart from those set out in the appended claims.