The object of the invention is a combined impact of technological systems that allow for self-sufficiency of buildings in solar energy in accordance with the public electricity system and biotechnological self-sufficiency systems for residents of urban and rural settlements in terms of sustainably produced food. The technological systems of local and public electricity system and the biological self-sufficiency systems of residents will be described in more detail in the following.

The problem that is successfully solved by the present invention is the construction and implementation of technological solutions, their interaction and complementarity for the purpose of mutual interaction in the self-sufficiency of buildings in energy and the self-sufficiency of residents in sustainably produced food.

In reviewing the state of sustainable construction, collaboration and collisions of solar small power plants and the public electricity system and urban gardening, I have found that the solutions described below are original and new to the field.

The idea and execution of technological solutions that allow for the implementation of self-sufficiency of buildings in solar energy in accordance with the public electricity system and biotechnological self-sufficiency systems for residents of urban and rural settlements in terms of sustainably produced food will be shown in figures, in which: Figure 1 is schematic illustration of a building that allows for self-sufficiency in solar energy and biotechnological self-sufficiency systems in terms of sustainably produced food, as well as with heating and cooling systems;

Figure 2 is a floor plan of a three-bedroom house with a layout of rooms; Figure 3 is a floor plan of localization of a three-bedroom house;

Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of a durable raised vegetable bed of wood;

Figure 5a is a side view of an arrangement of a durable raised bed;

Figure 5a is a top view of an arrangement of a durable raised bed.

The object of the invention will be illustrated on an embodiment of a three- bedroom house either as a stand-alone building or one of the buildings in a terraced house, wherein Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a building that allows for self-sufficiency in solar energy and biotechnological self-sufficiency systems in terms of sustainably produced food, as well as with heating and cooling systems.

The self-sufficiency of a building in solar energy in accordance with the public electricity system is ensured by the technological solution to self-sufficiency of buildings in solar and electric energy based on a construction, in which the roof of the building/buildings on the north side is provided with photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels 1 at an angle that is optimal for the latitude (e.g. in Ljubljana at an angle of 32°). The photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels 1 are arranged on the roof on the north side and as a roof above the stairs and galleries which are 1 .6 m to 3.6 m away from the north wall of the building. At a 20% solar panel efficiency for the production of electricity, at least 8 m ² of photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels 1 are mounted to cover the needs of one resident of a flat. For the needs of business premises, the area is determined according to the energy needs of the business entity. Per household resident, at least 600 kWh of own electricity is produced for household, computer operation, heating, cooling, air conditioning in the building and for cold storage, heating of greenhouse and covered garden to prevent frost, for illumination with LED lamps and the operation of the aquaponic system, and at least 3,200 kWh per year to charge the batteries of passenger cars and other vehicles.

In summer, photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels 1 , based on SOLINTERRA technological solutions (heating, cooling and ventilation systems using solar and earth facilities) store heat in the earth 5 to 7 meters deep to heat the earth to more than 45°C. The heat is used to heat water for washing, cooking, laundry washing, dishwashing, to heat greenhouses and swimming pools for cultivating aquaponic freshwater fish, and other needs. The heat used for heating circulates in underfloor heating pipes and in the building envelope to create a thermal barrier at 18°C between the exterior of the building and the interior of the building.

Beneath the exterior insulation there is a 3 cm wide heat barrier channel 9 extending all over the building envelope, in which the air has 18°C to 20°C in winter and 20°C to 24°C in summer. Water pipes 6 are installed in 50 cm shafts and embedded in concrete 5-7 m deep and connected via pipes 5 to a rainwater tank J.

Inside the building, the air is also heated by people, household machines and computers, so that the temperature in rooms on cold days is always between 20°C and 22°C.

The self-sufficient power plant can store electricity in its own batteries and in the batteries of cars, so the building can be completely self-sufficient in electricity. A local self-sufficient power plant which does not have its own battery for storing electricity is connected via an electricity exchange system to the public electricity supply system so that the residents are supplied with electricity even when the solar power plants do not produce electricity.

The introduction of public smart grids or contractually agreed practices allow for a fruitful cooperation of both technological systems. Nuclear power plants find it difficult to adjust to current electricity consumption. Therefore, it is in the interest of the public network to include a large number of planned consumers especially at night. The introduction of smart grids will enable a planned and contractually agreed inclusion of consumers.

Electric vehicles are therefore charged from the public grid during the periods of minimum consumption, especially at night between 10pm and 6am. At night, electricity in an electrically self-sufficient building is used to drive washing machines and dishwashers, refrigerators and freezers, to heat greenhouse beds and covered gardens in the times of frost, to light greenhouses with LED lamps in winter, to drive the drip irrigation system, etc.

A local photovoltaic power plant supplies most of its electricity to the public system in summer, when the sun is very strong and cooling facilities are massively switched on in other buildings. In these periods, very little electricity is needed to cool the buildings having its own local power plant. Only the pump is driven, which, by way of a liquid medium, transfers the cold from the soil around the building and from the large underground rainwater tanks J to the underground cooling of the rooms.

As a rule, peak consumption is mainly covered by hydroelectric and gas power plants. As the climate is getting warmer and more dry seasons can be expected, the rivers will have less water in summer. Massive integration of local solar power plants which will be able to supply the vast majority of electricity to the public system will help the public system to cope with the peak consumption in summer.

In winter periods when the temperatures drop below 10°C, heat pump users must switch on their electrical heating systems. In times of extreme cold, the sun usually shines and at that time, during the day, local photovoltaic power plants can supply electricity to cover daily electricity consumption. The production of hydroelectric power plants can in turn only be included at night. Since hydroelectric power plants will have more water in the winter, the carbon-free energy supply system will partially manage the problems of peak consumption during such periods in the coexistence of the local and public systems.

Since all thermal power plants will be closed as soon as possible, the mankind will have nothing but the coexistence of nuclear energy, hydropower, the use of wind, and above all the sun and geothermal resources. Burning wood and gas will no longer be acceptable. Nuclear power will be well suited to this coexistence of carbon-free power plants by integrating more urban small, flexible distant heating nuclear power plants and erecting large nuclear power plants that will also use heat to heat greenhouses, lakes and cities.

The public transport network could obtain the electricity from batteries that will be integrated in residential and business premises and from the batteries of electric vehicles. The coexistence of local carbon-free power plants and public nuclear and hydro power plants, wind power plants, geothermal power plants will create conditions for the mankind to survive.

The economic impact is tremendous. The initial investment needs to be financed, the batteries renewed, and the panels replaced every 25 years. A vast majority of materials of aged panels and batteries will be recyclable for reuse. Under the net metering system, users of electricity from the public grid pay the costs of using the CHP network and the contribution to subsidies for carbon-free electricity of RES. Electrically self-sufficient buildings are to be provided with so many panels that more electricity will be supplied to the public system annually than will be provided to residential and commercial users from the public system.

Local producers could charge the public system for the conical electricity.

Household expenditures will be reduced as the residents will no longer incur costs of electricity for heating, cooling, household needs, gasoline, gas or diesel. A family of four in Slovenia thus has a saving of around EUR 4,000 a year.

Figure 2 shows a layout of rooms in a three-bedroom house. The three- bedroom house in Figure 2 comprises a bedroom A, a living room B with a kitchen, a workshop C, a garage D, aquaponics space E with water tanks E1 and a pond E2, a children's bedroom F, a loggia G, a terrace H with a greenhouse I, a rainwater tank J, a basement K, a bathroom L and a toilet M.

The floor plan of the flat allows the erection of the loggia G on the south side along the entire width of the flat, which is 2.5 m deep. The loggia G has a size to allow for the production of fresh vegetables, especially fresh salad, throughout the year under intense cultivation. In addition, a low covered tomato bed 2 and raised beds 3 and 4 are arranged on the roof of the flat.

Figure 3 shows the localisation of the three-bedroom house in the environment, said house being provided with photovoltaic hybrid thermal panels 1 , low covered beds 2 and raised covered beds 3.

In December, the temperature in the loggia G can be very low for the pests to freeze. The loggia G is then disinfected and prepared for a new season to begin in January by planting seeds for new seedlings. A movable front wall 17 made of glass or ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) plastic is closed when the temperature is low and the cold could damage the plants in spring. The plants that require at least 8°C are kept in a closed loggia where they grow rapidly until the temperature rises. A normal season can thus be run ahead and also extended by one month. Tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, aubergines can be harvested from early June to late October. The plants in the loggia G grow faster as the air is rich in CO2 and in turn the plants enrich the living room with oxygen emissions. In winter, the sun warms the air in the loggia G so that this warmth is used to heat the living room B. The heat can also be blown to other indoor spaces.

Figure 3 shows the localisation of the three-bedroom house in the environment. The loggia G, the living room B and the children's room C face south because this is optimal for directing direct sunlight into the plant growth areas in the loggias and for irradiating the photovoltaic hybrid heat panels 1. If the air is not warmer than 18°C at night, all doors and windows are opened at night to cool the interior walls and ceilings so they accumulate the cold. In the early morning, an inner three-layer glass sliding door 18 integrated according to passive building standards is closed. The sun does not shine upon this door from the south. Therefore, the building's cooling system is switched on only during prolonged and severe heat periods. Such hybrid hot-water photovoltaic systems are being installed that cool the surfaces of the photovoltaics in severe heat and increase the efficiency of the panels.

Large areas of hybrid panels produce enough heat to be stored in the ground beneath or adjacent to the building that is sufficient to heat freshwater pools - ponds E2 with a dimension of 2 m ³ that can produce 100 kg of freshwater fish annually. Freshwater tropical fish develop well and grow very fast only if the water temperature is above 22°C. The fastest growing is tilapia - perch that are very tasty and boneless, eating vegetables and meat. Carnivorous trout, zanders, Danube salmons, pikes, catfish grow if the water temperature is above 8°C and best if it is around 14°C. Carp grows in pools quickly and has a good taste. Existing fish farms are dependent on the environmental temperature and do not have water heating devices so the fish do not grow fast enough.

Fish feed on pellets that are produced from fished anchovies and other fish in the oceans, namely very far and mostly on the western coasts of South America. The food for fish contains a lot of meat and bones of animals fed with controversial genetically modified food and containing residues of antibiotics and hormone disruptors. Marine animals are increasingly eating plastics and microplastics. Therefore, the ecologically sound system of aquaponic freshwater fish and other animals, in terms of nutrition, will only be supplied with plants grown in a self-sufficient settlement from their own crops of vegetables and legumes; the meat supplied will be ecologically sound meat from local farmers and ponds, in which bleaks, whiting and other fish feeding on insect algae, micro organisms and aquatic plants will be cultivated in a sustainable manner. Such a co-system requires the use of heat to heat the tanks E1 and the use of electricity for blowing air and circulating water in the pool - pond E2. As the tanks E1 have a volume of only 2 m ³ , the entire aquaponic system can operate in a small enclosed space within a warm business and residential building.

In the aquaponic system, fish faeces are converted into a nutrient for plants. Vertical beds of about 4 m ² in size are arranged on the left and right sides of the loggias, in which mostly vegetables are grown. Growth is extremely intense. Thus, the loggias can produce at least sufficient amounts of vegetables for the residents to have fresh seasonal vegetables all year long. Growth is also boosted by using LED lighting; this is possible because there is enough own electricity. Since buildings have a large amount of rainwater in the rainwater tank J, it can be used to fill the tanks E1 and the fish pond E2, and then this nutrient-filled water is used for drip irrigation of the vegetable and fruit garden and the dirty water is not recycled into the fish pond E2. In summer, the water flowing in the vertical beds becomes very hot. Therefore, it is not suitable for returning to the pond E2, where trout and other fish are cultivated, as this fish does not tolerate warm water. A combination of a closed aquaponic system and a system that supplies fresh water to the fish is optimal. Because the beds hold all the water and rainwater, this does not flow into the public sewer system and does not pollute the groundwater.

A comprehensive co-operation system of a public grid with dispersed solar power plants, if used by a majority of the planet's population, can greatly contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting healthy eating of freshwater fish.

Based on 24 years of experimentation and cultivation of useful vegetation on the roof of a four-storey building in Ljubljana, on the walls of the building, in beds and parking spaces around the building, I find that it is possible to grow in an environmentally friendly way per resident on a growing surface of about 75 m ² 40 kg of potatoes, 10 kg of maize, 15 kg of peas, beans and other protein-rich legumes in grain, 120 kg of various seasonal vegetables, 5 kg of mushrooms, 10 kg of berries, 20 kg of grapes, 60 kg of seasonal fruit, 5 kg of nuts, hazelnuts or other nuts, 3 kg of chestnuts - sweet chestnut. Each resident can daily consume 250 grams of berries, grapes and fruits and about 400 grams of fresh vegetables, mushrooms and legumes. Meat meals can be reduced to 15 dag and fish meals to 25 dag. At least 5 kg of honey can be produced per capita in a way that reduces the need for sugar production. As more fossil energy is used to transport fruit and vegetables than to produce it, greenhouse gas emissions and the use of pesticides for fruit and vegetable production will be greatly reduced by the introduction of such gardening.

Since the employed people in the developed world will soon work no more than four days a week, they will have plenty of time for intensive, sustainable gardening. The number of pensioners who are able to work is increasing. They love gardening.

The self-sufficient system of fresh, healthy and tasty food has a beneficial effect on the health of the occupants. Fresh vegetables are the best probiotic.

In Slovenia, a family of four spends around€1 ,000 a year on industrially produced food. The cost of self-sufficiency in case of rainwater capture and own electricity for the needs of a freezer box does not exceed€150. These funds are sufficient to purchase seeds, seedlings, horse and other manure and ecologically sound fertilizers and protective agents. For a family of four, the market value of the vegetables and fruits thus produced is around €3,000 a year for such ecologically sound produce.

The plants are irrigated by way of an automatic drip system, so at least 5 m ³ of rainwater stored in cold closed biologically impregnated underground tanks is used for irrigation per person in the middle climate zone. The tanks are of different sizes because the climatic conditions of individual countries need to be taken into consideration. The water is of such quality that it is potable and this is of particular importance in those places where the water from public water supply systems is not potable or is heavily chlorinated.

The plants are protected against hail, frost, hurricane winds, rain during the flowering period, extreme heat, birds and other hazards by using a movable net and a canvas or plastic tarpaulin arranged at about 4 meters above the fruit, fruit pergolas and 2.5 meters above the vegetable beds. Unpredictable weather resulting from the warming of the atmosphere does not cause damage to the useful vegetation.

Kiwi, grape and tree canopy pergolas are only up to 3 meters high so the plants can be nourished and the fruits harvested from the ground or from very low ladders. There will be fewer falls and injuries.

Frost affects plants the most if it occurs in March, April and even worse in May. It lasts only a few hours and causes ineffable damage. The plants will be covered with tarpaulins and heated at night by electric heaters or candles so that the frost does not cause any damage.

Twenty-four years ago, I made low beds on the roof and six years ago a raised bed that successfully retains most of the rainwater or tap water, with which the plants are watered. Until I developed a water retention system, a vast majority of water immediately drained from the beds in the spring, summer and autumn heat. Now it almost never drains. I used Isotech to weld a container to the bottom of the bed, which holds the water in a way that the water is up to a height of 5 to 7 cm. The water retaining pan is made in a way that in winter when the water freezes the ice slides along the bottom of the pan along the edges so that the ice does not damage it. The pan can be made of natural rubber so it is elastic and resistant to frost. If there is an excess of water, it overflows from the pan and drains. The bottom of the pan is coated by a layer of rockwool having a thickness of at least 7 cm. It retains water. Osmosis functions in a way to slowly move the water up to the roots of the plants. Felt is placed on the rockwool to prevent the soil from mixing with the rockwool.

If necessary, the beds can be irrigated through a hollow vertical pipe, with which the height of the water in the bottom pan is determined. In spring, when the roots are not yet developed, more water is added, and later when the roots grow deep, less water is added.

I experimented with soil or substrate of a thickness of 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm. But the soil was too wet and the roots were rotting. The plants with deep root systems successfully grow in the beds e.g. chicory if the soil - substrate layer is 30 cm thick.

Figure 4 schematically illustrates a raised bed 3 of wood for perennial vegetables. The raised bed 3 consists of a container 1 1 with soil, under which a 5 cm thick rockwool layer 12 is arranged. The container 1 1 is covered with a plastic roof made of panels 10 of EFTA ethyl-tetrafluoroethylene plastic or a PVC film having a thickness of 0.2 mm. The panels 10 are positioned above the container 1 1 in the form of a gable roof. The container 1 1 with the soil lies on a pan 13, which is 5 cm deep and intended for intercepting the water leaking from the container 1 1. Below the pan 13 there are compartments 14 for storing the panels 10 when they are not in use.

The raised beds have a dimension of 170 cm X 170 cm and are 85 cm high. The movable panels 10 are removed and stored under the beds in the compartments 14 when a frost hazard is no longer present. In winter, the snow slides off the beds.

A tomato bed is low, open on the south side, otherwise closed on all other sides and on the roof. It has an opening in the rear wall to allow air circulation, otherwise mould can attack more quickly.

The heat on the roof is very favourable to promote the growth of mould and plant lice. Therefore, it is necessary to grow potatoes, aubergines, cucumbers, pumpkins and other mould-sensitive plants on the roof under a waterproof plastic roof. Figures 5a and 5b show the placement of a durable raised bed in the space - the loggia G, top view. The raised bed in the loggia G is formed of a container 17 filled with soil, below which there is a 5 cm layer 18 of rockwool lying on a pan 19 which is 5 cm deep and configured to intercept the water leaking from the container 17. The container 17 has a horizontal pyramidal shape because many plants have roots in the bed and grow down to the ground. Tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, and peas etc. grow in this way. The pyramidal shape allows for better solar irradiation of the hanging plant. The growing surface of the plants in the loggia G is considerably increased.

In the loggia G, which is arranged in front of the indoor business premises, vegetables, berries and small trees can be grown throughout the year so that the employees can enjoy a fruit snack or a vegetable meal.